JP2006314217A - Method for utilizing plant waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for utilizing plant wastes including cut grass, cut leaves/stems, vines, straw, coniferous bark, pruned branches, tree branches and tree trunks. <P>SOLUTION: The new method for utilizing plant wastes includes the following process: A hammer seat mounted on the rotary drum of a crusher is attached with cemented carbide special steel needle or combform blades, plant wastes are subjected to the resulting machine to obtain extrafine phytostaple fibers, which are then mixed or put to combined use with aluminum, an aluminum compound or artificial zeolite. The resulting product is used as a plant-raising base material, soil modifier or construction(laying) material, or for greening rooftops, veranda, wall surfaces, etc. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is organic waste that has been disposed of by landfill or incineration until now, especially cut grass, stalks, vines, stems, conifer bark, pruned branches, unused trees, trunks, thinned wood, root stocks, etc. Is proposed as an effective use method of plant waste, especially as a vegetation base material (plant growth material, base material), soil improver (soil improvement material), mulch material, laying material It provides technology to make effective use.

Plant waste such as mowed grass, leaf stalk, vine, coniferous bark, pruned branch, unused tree branch, trunk, thinned wood, root stock, etc. are mainly composed of cellulose, hemirose, lignin, etc. However, some of them are composted and recycled, but most of them are landfilled or incinerated, and there is a need for technology for effective use of such biomass resources. Will help to create a recycling-oriented society, reduce carbon dioxide emissions from incineration, and provide a method to suppress or delay the progress of global warming.
Japanese Patent No. 3075648 Japanese Patent No. 3103394 Japanese Patent No. 3327880 Patent No. 3040800 Journal of Japanese Society of Soil Fertilizer, Vol.57, No.2, “Suppression of Compost Decomposition by Hydroxyaluminum”

  Until now, plant waste such as mowing grass and pruned branches and leaves is rotated by attaching a receiving blade called a chipper and several plate-like blades called a cutter blade to a rotating shaft, which are fixed. It was cut by a cutting method or a method in which two shafts attached with several blades called shredders were reversed to each other and cut at their mating portions.

  In addition, as a method for crushing woody materials such as root stocks and end timbers, an ax-shaped hammer attached to a rotating drum called a hammer mill is rotated and hit and crushed. The crushed plant material (crushed chip) was further cut and crushed into a fixed shape by a method such as crushing at the screen portion.

  With such crushing and cutting methods, it has been difficult to obtain a thin fiber with a fixed shape, that is, a vegetable short fiber. In other words, the shredder has a limit of obtaining a cut piece of about 3 mm at a minimum, and the hammer mill method has a limit of a screen diameter of at least about 5 mm.

  Furthermore, the device that peels off bark of conifers such as cedar and cypress used in sawmills is a device that peels bark in a ring shape along the circumference of the tree called ring barker and jet barker that peels bark using water pressure Etc. are used, all of which are cut or curled feathers.

  Soil improvers that improve the physical properties of soil by processing plant waste such as cut grass, stalks, straw, conifer bark, etc. into vegetable short fiber fibers with a diameter (width) of 2 mm or less and a length of 100 mm or less In other words, a water retention function that holds free water between fibers, a drainage function that discharges excess moisture along the fibers, a function that retains air between fibers, has elasticity, improves air permeability, etc. Using the soil modifier and its function, the range of use as a soil conditioner plant growth base material or mulch material is greatly expanded.

  However, when it is processed as a thin or thin short fiber fiber, it is naturally easy to promote degradation by microorganisms, and even cellulose and hemicellulose, which are considered to be hardly degradable, are decomposed in several months and composted to improve the soil. Functions such as water retention, air permeability, and water permeability as an agent are lost. The same applies to conifer bark such as cedar and cypress which are said to have antibacterial properties, including terpenes.

  When the decomposition (humus) by microorganisms progresses, not only the soil improvement function is lost, but also when microorganisms such as soil fungi decompose organic matter, they consume a large amount of nitrogen, causing nitrogen starvation and generating organic acids and gases. In addition, there is a problem that a failure that is not suitable as a growth base of a plant is generated, such as causing the plant to die by generating fermentation heat.

  That is, by processing the plant material into short fiber fibers having a diameter of 2 mm or less and a length of 100 mm or less, the water repellency is lost and the decomposition by microorganisms is promoted. In Japanese Patent No. 3040800, bark of cedar, cypress, hiba, etc. is cut to form feathers, and this feather-like processed product has water repellency and does not provide sufficient water retention, so it is a surface active means to compensate for this. A method is proposed in which a surfactant is adsorbed and retained by porous particles, or a water retention agent or vermiculite is added. In addition, in Japanese Patent No. 3075648, cut pieces of trees such as cedar, cypress, and hiba, and skin layer chips or skin layer subsections obtained by crushing these skin layers, skin layer-containing wood subsections, skin layer-containing wood chips, etc. were used. Additives for cushioning materials for walking and running equipment have been proposed, but all of them have a relatively large shape and size that is difficult to be decomposed, such as shredded materials, chip materials, and fine slices, to prevent decomposition (humus). ing.

  Similarly, in Japanese Patent No. 3103394, antibacterial bark such as cedar and cypress is processed into shredded cuts, and soil for improving the soil of a racetrack dirt or soil containing 0.3% or more by weight of the artificial soil is mixed in the sand. An improved method and an artificial soil for sloping lands made of the shredded material are disclosed, but as described above, relatively large shredded materials are used. Similarly, in Japanese Patent No. 3327880, the weed prevention method using an artificial soil composition containing a cedar skin layer cut product and / or a cypress skin layer cut product, or the shape of the cut product is a feather-like material, or cedar, cypress Multi-materials composed of fine cuts, compositions for heat insulating materials, cedar, cypress cuts and compositions containing vermiculite and / or water-retaining materials and soils are disclosed, but these are also cuts and feathers. Yes, the shape is not necessarily constant. In particular, feathers are shapes formed by the mechanical characteristics of a ring barker or jet barker used for cutting bark such as cedar and cypress in a lumber mill.

  In other words, all patents are sliced pieces, fine slices, crushed chip cut pieces, feathers, etc., and are not of a fixed short fiber shape, so surfactants, vermiculite, water retention to supplement their water retention capability It is mixed with materials. When it is processed into short fiber fibers and mixed with soil or sand, it is rapidly decomposed by the action of microorganisms called soil fungi, and its physical function is lost rapidly. This is because organic acids and other obstacles are generated and is not suitable as a soil or a plant growth base.

  In the present invention, the plant waste material such as cut grass, leaf stalk, vine, straw, conifer bark and the like is cut into a fixed shape and size having a diameter (width) of 2 mm or less and a length of 100 mm or less. It functions stably for a long period of time as an agent, vegetation base material, mulch material, laying material, etc., and exhibits sufficient water retention function without adding a water retention agent using the water retention function of short fiber fibers. At the same time, it is intended to provide a vegetation base material and a soil conditioner or laying and mulch material which are improved in air permeability and water permeability and stable for a long time.

  As described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a technique for processing a vegetable waste material into a thin fiber fiber having a fixed shape, and to use the processed short fiber fiber as a vegetation base material, a soil conditioner and a mulch material or a laying material. We intend to provide technology that enables stable use over a period of time, thereby expanding the scope of effective utilization methods for plant waste materials to effectively use biomass resources.

  As a means for cutting or crushing plant material, there is a method of cutting wood material into a certain shape and dimension called a chipper that has been used for manufacturing papermaking raw materials in the past. A device that manufactures a chip with a fixed shape by rotating a receiving blade and a cutter blade rotating shaft that are mounted and fixed, and a biaxial rotating blade called a shredder are rotated in different directions and crushed at the mating part. There is a method of crushing by rotating a substantially ax or square pyramid hammer attached to a rotating drum called a hammer mill. Although the shape and size of the crushing chip manufactured by this apparatus is not constant, it is limited to a certain extent by a screen attached to the outlet of the crushing chamber.

  However, neither type of crusher is for obtaining a short fiber-like crushed material, and a fine screen is not manufactured.

  In the present invention, a needle-shaped, comb-shaped, or tooth-shaped carbide special steel is mounted on a hammer or a pedestal portion by brazing, and this hammer-shaped or comb-shaped or tooth-shaped hammer or pedestal has a protrusion. By rotating the attached drum, the plant material is to be processed into short fiber fibers having a certain shape and size. Needle-shaped, comb-shaped or tooth-shaped protrusions are manufactured from cemented carbide special steel such as tungsten gabbit steel, so there is little wear, and plant waste is cut into thin fiber fibers of the desired diameter and length. be able to.

  The vegetable short fiber obtained in this way is rich in cushioning, excellent in breathability and water permeability, and also has a water retention function to retain moisture between the fiber and fiber, and is also excellent in water retention. It is an excellent material for plant growth bases and soil conditioners, and its range of use is wide. However, unfortunately, when mixed or used in soil or sand, the fibers are thin, thin, and processed shortly, so that decomposition by microorganisms such as soil fungi is promoted, and its function as a vegetation base material and soil conditioner is degraded. As it progresses, it is lost rapidly, and after a few months it is fermented and decomposed into compost. When microorganisms grow rapidly during this fermentation decomposition process, they may consume a large amount of oxygen and become deficient, and if the activity of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria becomes active, a high heat of 60 ° C to 75 ° C is generated. In the case of anaerobic fermentation, other organic acids that generate methane gas are generated. In addition, since nitrogen is consumed in large quantities, the nitrogen content necessary for plant growth is consumed and nitrogen starvation occurs, which is not preferable as a plant growth base material or soil.

In the present invention, as a technique for stably exhibiting the function for a long period of time as a soil conditioner without adversely affecting the plant by rapid fermentation decomposition even if the plant waste material is processed into an ultrafine short fiber fiber, fermentation decomposition It is possible to achieve super slow decomposition by slowing down the speed.
As one of the methods, Non-Patent Document 1. Al ⁺⁺ ions form coordination compounds with humic acid, as shown in "Suppression of Compost Decomposition by Hydroxyaluminum Treatment" published by Kubota, Hakoishi et al. In other words, humic acid and Al ⁺⁺ ions form a complex in the range of PH3 or lower to PH9, and PH5 or higher forms a HydoroxyAl complex, that is, 0.5 to 1 HydoroxyAl ion is a shade of humic acid. It has been shown to bind to ion adsorbing groups and become non-exchangeable and destroy CEC.
Comparing the compost intermediate with Al-treated compost, HydoroxyAL-treated compost, and untreated compost, the humus decomposition progressed to black and solidified in the untreated plot, whereas in the Al compost and HydoroxyAl compost plot It shows brown fluffy fibers, and the shape of the treated compost has hardly changed even after being left for 3 years. That is, it is shown that the shape of the undegraded organic plant fiber has hardly changed.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described function of inhibiting the decomposition of compost, and the decomposition of undecomposed organic waste pulverized products and short fiber fibers can also be achieved by adding aluminum or aluminum compounds. Degradation is suppressed, and physical functions such as water retention, air permeability, and water permeability as the soil conditioner are maintained over a long period of time. In addition, since the progress of decomposition proceeds slowly and slowly, even if these undegraded materials are used as plant growth bases and soil conditioners, plant growth failure and death due to nitrogen starvation are prevented, and microorganisms are activated actively. Prevents oxygen deficiency due to working, prevents the generation of toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide generated by anaerobic fermentation, suppresses the generation of organic acids such as phenolic acid and acetic acid, prevents plant crush chips and short fiber fibers It was confirmed that humus decomposition was suppressed and ultra-slow decomposition was possible.

In other words, by adding to aluminum, aluminum compounds, or compost composts and compost intermediates containing aluminum compounds as the main component, vegetable short fiber fibers processed into a form that is easy to decompose as well as their humus decomposition is suppressed It has been confirmed that the progress of decomposition of slaked chips and crushed chips is suppressed over a long period of time, and the physical functions as a soil conditioner, vegetation base material, mulch material, laying material, etc. are stably maintained.
The blending amount is in the range of about 0.1% to 30% by weight, but is optimally 1 to 10% in the case of undegraded plant material.

Furthermore, as a different method of inhibiting decomposition according to the present invention, the above-mentioned plant short fiber fibers, unused branches and leaves, tree trunks, root stocks, thinned wood, etc. are crushed into plant crushed chips, and paper sludge incineration ash or coal ash Artificial zeolite made from (fly ash) can be mixed. Fly ash is combustion ash generated after burning coal in a thermal power plant, the main components of which are silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al), and the chemistry of silica (SiO ₄ ) and alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ). Present in form. By subjecting this to heat treatment in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, zeolite is formed by an alkaline reaction. This zeolite is a tecto-alumina silicate with a three-dimensional network structure, and has a porous structure consisting of continuous fine pores. The body has a surface charge ion exchange function and adsorption function due to its structure.

  The present invention focuses on the ion-binding function of this artificial zeolite due to the ion exchange properties, and the fine pore structure absorbs and retains moisture and, like aluminum or aluminum compounds, ion-bonds with humic acid to suppress the progress of decomposition. To do. The fine pores of siliceous (glassy) do not become habitats of microorganisms such as soil fungi, but have antibacterial properties and bind humic acid by ionic bond, enhance the function of inhibiting fermentation degradation, and the vegetation group by its water retention function In addition to having an effective water retention function as a material, the separation and adsorption function prevents elution of fertilizer and can also have a long-term stable supply function of fertilizer.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, as a different technique for inhibiting fermentation decomposition, a technique is provided for suppressing decomposition by imparting a water repellent effect to ultrafine or ultrathin short fiber fibers by spraying a water repellent. That is, in order for microorganisms to decompose organic matter, oxygen, temperature, and moisture are necessary conditions, and the progress of decomposition is suppressed by making water repellent, which is one of the requirements. It is said that a moisture content of about 60 to 65% is usually required for microorganisms to decompose organic substances, and it is said that when the moisture content is 40% or less, the growth of microorganisms stops and the decomposition does not proceed. However, since the short fiber has water repellency, even if water absorption and water content are suppressed, it retains water between the fibers, so that its water retention function is not impaired, and it retains free water between the fibers. It is well known that this mechanism is the same as that of human hair, and the hair has water repellency and does not absorb water, but it does not dry quickly after being washed between the hair and washed. There are various types of water repellents such as wax, silicon, and fluorine, but silicon-based ones are common, their usage is simple, and the water repellent effect can be enhanced by spraying or spraying. .

  Further, in the present invention, an aqueous solution of a resin having a film-forming function such as an acrylic resin or a vinyl acetate resin is sprayed or laid on the short fiber and / or plant crushing chip material described in claim 1 Can be sprayed or sprayed. According to this method, these synthetic resins form a film on the short fiber laid product according to claim 1 to suppress the penetration of rainwater and the like, effectively suppress the penetration of moisture, It performs the same function. Furthermore, acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, etc. have adhesiveness and fix entangled short fiber fibers laying to prevent scattering and movement by wind and rain or small animals. For this reason, the multi-agent and the laying material have water repellency, suppress the progress of decomposition, are stably held for a long time, and exhibit functions as the multi-material and the laying material. Moreover, these short fiber fibers and vegetable crushing chip materials can be mixed with a synthetic resin aqueous solution in a tank or a nozzle portion and sprayed.

  Further, in the present invention, the waste wood such as unused tree branches, trunks, root stocks, pruned branches, thinned wood, etc. is broken into chips so that the diameter becomes 50 mm or less and the length is 200 mm or less by a crusher to produce a wood crushing chip. The vegetation base material is obtained by mixing the vegetable short fiber of claim 1 to the crushed chip material. This vegetation base material has a large particle size, a high porosity, and a sparse state to give water retention by mixing plant short fiber fibers so that plants can germinate and grow. In addition to creating habitat, delaying fermentation and decomposition of wood crushing chips, suppressing nitrogen starvation and generation of organic acids due to the progress of fermentation, maintaining and improving the plant growth environment, It is possible to provide a method for effective use of plant waste materials generated during development on site and to achieve zero emissions in such construction.

Furthermore, in this invention, the layer which consists of a coarse composition with a particle size of 15 mm or more, such as a vegetable crush chip | tip, the layer comprised by the vegetable staple fiber of Claims 1-6, and a particle size of 5 mm or less Provided is a vegetation base used for greening rooftops, roofs, verandas, wall surfaces, etc., having a multilayer structure of at least two or more layers of fine-grained layers. In a relatively gentle slope portion such as a rooftop or a veranda, a coarse material having a diameter of 15 mm or more excellent in drainage and a specific gravity of 1.5 or less and a coarse material excellent in water permeability is used as a lower layer material.
As the coarse material used for this lower layer, plant crush chip material, coarse pearlite, silica stone, foamed waste glass material or the like is used, and rainwater is smoothly discharged to the drain outlet. The vegetable short fiber layer used as the middle layer hydrates water between the short fibers and exhibits the function as a water retaining layer. Prevent clogging and loss of drainage function. The upper fine-grained layer is composed of bark compost, peat moss, artificial zeolite, pearlite, soil, or the like, and these fine-grained materials are appropriately adjusted depending on the plant used, and are used for fertilization and holding of the plant body. The lower layer can be omitted and the two-layer structure of the middle layer and the upper layer can be used in places where water retention is required, such as a steep slope such as a roof or a wall surface.
In addition, the structure of each layer is fixedly molded using a polymer resin or a cement-based bonding agent so as to have a certain shape and size. Planting turf seeds, turf seedlings, ground cover plants, ivy, small trees, etc. Then, the greening of the roof and the greening of the wall surface can be easily realized by sticking the molded multilayer structure on the roof or veranda. In wall surface greening, the molded multilayer structure can be directly or directly placed in a water-permeable bag and held by a mesh planter or the like, and can be attached to a wall surface or a mesh-structured surface.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, a plant growth base is obtained by mixing a vegetable fine fiber with a powdery fine particle having a particle size of 5 mm or less in a volume ratio of 5 to 60%. As this powdery coarse particle, bark compost, peat moss, vermiculite, soil and the like are used. A synthetic resin net having a mesh size of 5 mm or more is laid on the upper surface of the vegetation base thus obtained, and turf seeds, turf seedlings, ground cover plant seedlings, etc. are sown or planted thereon. The completed vegetation base is cured in the house for 10 to 90 days.

  The vegetation base thus cured forms a plant mat by combining the root system of the lawn seedling and the root system of the ground cover plant intertwined with the synthetic resin net. The plant mat is transported in roll form, spread and laid on site, and fixed using skewers. Cured and cultivated turf seedlings and ground cover plant seedlings are not dead during transportation and laying due to the water retention function of the short fiber, and are lightweight and easy to carry and lay. Furthermore, since the root system is intertwined with the synthetic resin net and integrated, it is greatly superior in workability compared to conventional products and can realize stable vegetation.

The present invention expands the effective utilization method of plant waste materials that have been disposed of by landfill or incineration, and helps to build a recycling-oriented society by effectively utilizing such resources called biomass resources. At the same time, CO ² emissions from incineration can be suppressed, global warming can be suppressed, and the use of plant waste generated from new road construction and development can promote zero emissions in such civil engineering work. .

  The short fiber derived from the cut grass obtained by the method according to claim 1 is F1, the short fiber derived from the cedar bark is F2, the plant shredded chip material derived from the root strain is C1, and 1% by weight of HydoroxyAl is added to each. The mixed zone was set as Example 1 and the non-treated zone as a comparative example was laid at a thickness of 10 cm, and the C / N ratio of each zone was measured immediately, 12 months later, 24 months later, 36 months later, 48 months later. did. The C / N ratio is used as an index indicating the progress rate of decomposition by microorganisms. The Japan Bark Compost Association uses a C / N ratio of 40 or less as a standard for composting. The results are shown in Table 1.

  Artificial zeolite made from cut grass derived from the method of claim 1 as F1, short fiber derived from cedar bark as F2, crushed chip material as root stock as C1, and artificial ash as raw materials for each. Ca type was added at a weight ratio of 5%, and the mixed section was set as Example 2, and the untreated section was set as a comparative example, and each layer was laid 10 cm thick, immediately after laying, 12 months, 24 months, 36 months, 48 Table 2 shows the results of measuring the C / N ratio after one month.

  The plant short fiber derived from the cut grass obtained by the method according to claim 1 is designated as F1, the plant short fiber derived from the cedar bark is designated as F2, and a group in which each is sprayed with a silicone water repellent is designated as Example 3. Table 3 shows the results of measuring the C / N ratio after laying 10 cm in thickness as a comparative example, immediately after laying, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months.

The plant-derived short fiber fiber derived from the cut grass obtained by the method according to claim 1 is F1, the plant short fiber derived from cedar bark is F2, and each is laid 10 cm thick, and a 50% aqueous solution of acrylic resin is 5 liters / liter. Table 4 shows the results of investigating the scattering situation immediately after laying, 12 months, and 24 months after setting the area sprayed at the rate of m ² as Example 4 and the untreated area as a comparative example.

  FIG. 1 shows a plant growth base composed of a plant shredded chip material 1 obtained by crushing root stocks, unused tree branches and the like according to the present invention with a hammer mill crusher, and plant short fiber fibers 2 according to claims 1 to 5. FIG. The crushed plant chip material 1 has a coarse particle size, and the crushed chips of about 30 mm to 150 mm are randomly sprayed and sprayed by an air transport device. The short fiber 2 fills the gaps in the randomly formed crushed chip material 1 and promotes germination and growth of plant seeds and the like by its water retention. The plant crushing chips 1 sprayed and sprayed at random have a high frictional resistance and form a stable base without using a bonding agent if the gradient is about 1: 1.0 (45 °).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a rooftop or veranda vegetation base according to the present invention, and 3 is a lower layer portion made of a coarse-grained composition having a particle size of 15 mm or more and a specific gravity of 1.5 or less, and free water such as rainwater. Such as crushed chip material, quartzite, coarse pearlite, foam waste glass material, etc. are used. 2 is an intermediate layer composed of the vegetable short fiber according to claims 1 to 5, which serves to retain water and prevents the fine particles (powder) from being washed away by its network structure. Maintain the function of the lower drainage layer. 4 is an upper layer part which consists of a powdery fine-grain composition of 5 mm or less, and fulfill | performs a fertilization function and the holding | maintenance function of a plant body.
Bark compost, peat moss, coco peat, fine pearlite soil, etc. are used as materials used for this fine grain layer. This vegetation base can be formed using a spraying machine or the like, but can also be adhesively molded into a fixed shape with a bonding material. Furthermore, when it is used in an inclined place such as a roof, the lower drainage layer can be omitted, and a two-layer structure of the middle layer and the upper layer can be obtained.

  FIG. 3 shows a vegetation base holder for greening a wall surface or netting body according to the present invention, 5 is a multi-layered vegetation base formed into a fixed shape using the bonding material, and 6 is planting. The plant seedling 7 is a net-like storage container for storing the molded vegetation base, and is attached to a wall surface, a fence, or a net-like body extending surface using a hook portion 8 of the storage container. It is also possible to form this net-like body into an animal or other shape, attach this storage container inside, and plant a vine plant.

  FIG. 4 is a view showing a cross-sectional shape of a large-sized turf turf mat according to the present invention. A base material, 11 is a synthetic resin net having a certain degree of rigidity laid on or between the plant growth base materials, and 9 is a lawn seedling or a ground cover plant. This root system is intertwined with the synthetic resin net to form an integral structure, which can be conveyed and laid as a roll having a width of 1 m and a length of 3 to 5 m.

植物性短繊維ファイバーにおいても植物性破砕チップ材においても実施例１による処理区は比較例区である無処理区に比して充分に分解抑制効果があることが確認できた。なおF1比較例区は２４ヶ月でバーク堆肥の基準値４０を下回り、分解されたものとして測定を中止した。

It was confirmed that the treatment group according to Example 1 was sufficiently effective in inhibiting decomposition as compared with the non-treatment group, which is a comparative example group, in both the plant short fiber and the plant crush chip material. In the F1 comparative example, the measurement was stopped because it was below the reference value 40 for bark compost in 24 months and was decomposed.

植物性短繊維ファイバーについては、刈草由来のもの、スギ、樹皮由来のもの、いずれも効果があることが確認された。又、根株由来の破砕チップについても同様の結果であった。

Regarding plant-based short fiber fibers, it was confirmed that any of those derived from cut grass, those derived from cedar and bark were effective. The same result was obtained for the crushing chips derived from the root strain.

刈草由来の短繊維ファイバーについては、顕著な効果が確認されたが、スギ樹皮由来ファイバーでは差異は少なかった。

Although the remarkable effect was confirmed about the short fiber derived from a mowing grass, there was little difference in the fiber derived from a cedar bark.

比較例区が１２ヶ月以内で飛散し、実施例４とは顕著な差が見られた。

The comparative example section was scattered within 12 months, and a marked difference from Example 4 was observed.

It is explanatory drawing which showed the cross section of the vegetable crushed chip material vegetation base mixed with vegetable short fiber. Example 1 It is explanatory drawing which showed the cross section of the vegetation base for rooftops and verandas. (Example 2) It is explanatory drawing which showed the wall surface and the net-like body extending surface vegetation base holder. Example 3 It is explanatory drawing which showed the large sized turf mat cross section. Example 4

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plant crushed chip material 2 Plant short fiber fiber 3 Coarse grain composition lower layer part 4 Powdery fine grain composition upper layer part 5 Multi-layer structure molded vegetation base 6 Planted plant seedling 7 Reticulated storage container 8 Hook for attachment 9 Turf seedlings / ground cover plant seedlings 10 Vegetation base made of plant short fiber and fine-grain composition 11 Synthetic resin net

Claims (10)

  An approximately square weight attached to a rotating drum of a crushing chamber provided with an inlet in the upper part or side part and connected to the inlet with plant waste materials such as mowing grass, leaf stalk, vine, straw, conifer bark, etc. A method for producing a vegetable short fiber, characterized in that a carbide-like special steel blade having a substantially needle shape, a substantially comb shape or a substantially tooth shape is attached to a hammer-like pedestal, and the drum is rotated for cutting.   A plant growth base material and a soil conditioner characterized in that the plant short fiber and / or plant crushed material according to claim 1 is mixed or shared with aluminum, an aluminum compound, or a composition mainly composed of an aluminum compound. And laying materials.   A plant growth base material, a soil conditioner and a laying material, characterized by adding the aluminum or aluminum compound or the composition comprising an aluminum compound as a main component according to claim 2 in a weight ratio of 0.1% to 30%.   A plant growth base material, a soil conditioner and a laying material, characterized in that the plant short fiber and / or plant crushed material according to claim 1 is mixed with artificial zeolite using coal ash and paper sludge incinerated ash as raw materials. .   A plant growth base material and a soil conditioner obtained by spraying a wax-based, silicon-based, or fluorine-based water repellent or an aqueous solution of the water repellent on the short vegetable fiber of claim 1.   A synthetic resin having a film-forming function, such as an acrylic resin, a vinyl acetate resin, or a urethane resin, sprayed or laid on the plant short fiber and / or plant crushed material according to any one of claims 1 to 5. And spraying the synthetic resin aqueous solution, or mixing and spraying the short fiber or plant crushed material and the synthetic resin and the synthetic resin aqueous solution. Creation method.   By crushing pruned branches, unused branches, trunks, thinned wood, root stocks, etc. with a wood crusher, the material is crushed and cut to a diameter of 50 mm or less and a length of 200 mm or less. Multi-material, laying material, soil and sand mixed reforming material, and multi-agent, characterized in that aluminum compound, composition containing aluminum compound as main component or artificial zeolite is mixed or used in weight ratio of 0.1% to 40% , Laying material, pedestrian path and laying road and mulching method using earth and sand mixed reforming material.   Pruned branches, unused tree branches, tree trunks, root stocks, and the like are crushed by a crusher so that the diameter is 50 mm or less and the length is 200 mm or less, and the vegetable short fiber fibers according to claim 1 to 5 are applied to the wood crushing chip material. A vegetation base material characterized by mixing or sharing, and a vegetation base construction method characterized by spraying the vegetation base material using a spraying machine to create a vegetation base.   A lower layer made of a coarse composition having a particle size of 15 mm or more and a specific gravity of 1.5 or less, an intermediate layer made of vegetable short fiber fibers according to claim 1, and a fine upper layer made of a granular material having a particle size of 5 mm or less. A vegetation base material for rooftops, roofs, wall surfaces, etc., characterized by having a multi-layer structure of at least two layers, and the base is sprayed or bonded to a fixed shape and size by a bonding agent, and the molding A rooftop, roof, vegetation base construction method characterized by being seeded or planted on an object, and the vegetation base is stored directly in a permeable bag or in a net-like storage container and placed on a wall or net-like body A method for greening and vegetation on a wall surface and a net-like stretched surface, characterized by being attached to the installation surface.   A plant growth base is formed by mixing the vegetable short fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5 with a powdery fine particle having a volume ratio of 5 to 60% and a particle size of 5 mm or less, and an upper surface of the base. Alternatively, a vegetation mat for revegetation and a vegetation mat for revegetation characterized in that synthetic resin nets having a mesh size of 5 mm or more are laid between them and sowed or planted with turf seeds, turf seedlings or ground cover seedlings To create a ground cover.

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