JP2006308740A - Developing device, image forming apparatus and process cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a developing device capable of obtaining a high-quality image by restraining the deterioration of the electrifying property and the fluidity of toner in a developing unit and preventing surface staining over a long term. <P>SOLUTION: A toner cartridge and the developing unit communicate with each other through a plurality of communication ports provided in their longitudinal direction, and also control valves 34b are provided corresponding to the communication ports. The flow of toner to be supplied to the developing unit from the toner cartridge through the communication ports and the flow of toner returned to the toner cartridge from the developing unit therethrough are formed by making a stirring means in the toner cartridge cooperate with the control valves 34b, and the control valves at both ends in the longitudinal direction out of the plurality of control valves are made the control valves 34c having width ≥20% larger than other control valves as a means for equalizing the ratio b/a (ratio of replacement) of toner supply amount (a) to toner return amount (b) at the plurality of communication ports per unit time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a developing device used for image formation by an electrostatic copying process, such as a copying machine, a facsimile machine, and a printer, and also relates to an image forming device and a process cartridge using the developing device.

In recent years, office automation and colorization have further progressed in offices, and in addition to copying originals consisting only of conventional characters, originals including graphs created with a personal computer are output by a printer and used as presentation materials. Opportunities to copy sheets are increasing. Printer output images are mostly solid images, line images, and halftone images. Accordingly, market demands for image quality are changing, and demands for high reliability and the like are further increasing.
Developers used in electrophotographic systems such as electrophotography, electrostatic recording, and electrostatic printing are, for example, an image carrier (typically a photoreceptor) on which an electrostatic latent image is formed in the developing process. Then, the toner is transferred from the photosensitive member to a transfer medium such as transfer paper in the transfer process, and then fixed on the paper surface in the fixing process. At that time, as a developer for developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier, a two-component developer composed of a carrier and a toner, and a one-component system composed of only a toner without using a carrier. Developers (magnetic toner, non-magnetic toner) are known. In the two-component developer, the developer deteriorates due to the toner particles adhering to the carrier surface, and the toner concentration in the developer decreases because only the toner is consumed. Must be maintained at a constant rate, and therefore, there is a drawback that the developing device is increased in size. On the other hand, the one-component developer has the advantage that the apparatus can be downsized, and the development system is mainstream because it is easy to use in any environment (low temperature, low humidity, high temperature, high humidity). It is becoming.

  By the way, the one-component developer is classified into a magnetic one-component developer using a magnetic toner and a non-magnetic one-component developer using a non-magnetic toner. A magnetic one-component developing method using a magnetic one-component developer uses a developing sleeve provided with a magnetic field generating means such as a magnet inside to hold magnetic toner containing a magnetic material such as magnetite, and a layer thickness regulating member In many cases, it has been put into practical use in small printers. In contrast, in the non-magnetic one-component development method using a non-magnetic one-component agent, since the toner does not have a magnetic force, the toner supply roller or the like is pressed against the developing sleeve to supply the toner onto the developing sleeve, and electrostatic Since it does not contain a colored magnetic material, it has the advantage that it can be colorized and does not use a magnet for the developing sleeve. In recent years, it has been put to practical use in small full-color printers and the like.

However, in the one-component development system, there are still many problems to be improved. In the two-component development method, a carrier is used as a means for charging and transporting toner, and after the toner and carrier are sufficiently stirred and mixed in the developing device, they are transported to a developing sleeve and used for development, so that they are used for a relatively long time In this case, stable charging and conveyance can be continued, and it is easy to cope with a high-speed developing device. Compared to this, the one-component development method does not have a stable charging / conveying means such as a carrier, and therefore, charging and conveyance defects are likely to occur due to long-term use and high speed.
In particular, in the non-magnetic one-component developing method, after toner is conveyed onto the developing sleeve, the toner is thinned by the layer thickness regulating member and developed, but the toner and the friction charging member such as the developing sleeve or the layer thickness regulating member are developed. Contact / friction charging time is very short, and therefore, low-charge and reverse-charge toner tends to increase more than in the two-component development system using a carrier. In addition, means for transporting the toner by at least one toner transport member and developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier by the transported toner is employed. The toner layer thickness must be as thin as possible. For this reason, in order to receive a pressing force by the layer thickness regulating member, there is a problem that the external additive added to the toner surface is embedded in the toner and the chargeability and fluidity of the toner are greatly reduced. .

In order to solve this problem, for example, in Patent Document 1, a magnet roller as a replenishing roller and a scraper as a panning means are provided in the vicinity of a replenishing port between the toner replenishing tank and the toner hopper. The replenishing roller has a replenishing roller driving means that can rotate the replenishing roller forward and backward, and the replenishing roller driving means includes a rotation angle A in the normal rotation direction of the replenishing roller within a predetermined time and a reverse rotation. An image forming apparatus is disclosed that drives a replenishing roller so that the relationship between the rotational angle B of the direction is A <B. As a result, it is possible to prevent the fluidity of the toner in the hopper from deteriorating, the amount of toner supplied to the developing roller can be kept constant, and the image device can be made compact and free from blurring.
In Patent Document 2, the developing sleeve is provided with a conductive resin layer having a charging polarity of the same polarity as that of the developer on the surface, and the conductive resin layer includes at least a binder resin, a conductive fine powder, And a charge control agent, and a developing device in which the rotation center X of the stirring member is positioned below the horizontal plane H that crosses the rotation center of the developing sleeve is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-122559 JP 2005-062215 A

However, the above-described prior art has a problem that it is difficult to stabilize the charging property and fluidity of the toner in the developing device over a long period of time.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the problem is to equalize the toner circulation amount in a cross section perpendicular to the toner circulation direction in the developing device, thereby improving the chargeability and fluidity of the toner. It is an object of the present invention to provide a developing device that is stabilized and uniformized, and to provide an image forming apparatus that can obtain a high-quality image by using the developing device that is stabilized and uniformized in its fluidity. .

The features of the present invention, which is a means for solving the above problems, are listed below.
1. The developing device of the present invention comprises a developing unit for developing a latent image on an image carrier with toner,
A toner cartridge that is arranged in parallel with the developing unit and supplies toner to the developing unit;
A stirring means provided in the toner cartridge,
In the developing device in which the toner cartridge is detachable from the developing unit,
The toner cartridge and the developing unit are communicated with each other through a plurality of communication ports along the longitudinal direction, and a control valve is provided corresponding to the communication port,
The stirring means and the control valve cooperate to form a toner flow supplied from the toner cartridge to the developing unit via the communication port and a toner flow returned from the developing unit to the toner cartridge, Means is provided for equalizing a ratio b / a (replacement rate) between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b at the plurality of communication ports per unit time.

2. Further, in the developing device of the present invention, the means for equalizing the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b includes control valves at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the plurality of control valves. More than 20% wider than other control valves.
3. Further, in the developing device of the present invention, the means for equalizing the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b corresponds to the communication ports at both longitudinal ends of the plurality of control valves. A control valve having the same shape as that of the plurality of control valves is provided adjacent to the control valve on the outside thereof.
4). Further, in the developing device of the present invention, the means for equalizing the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b is provided in the longitudinal direction of the communication portion between the toner cartridge and the developing unit. The shape, size, and / or arrangement position of the plurality of communication ports provided along the left and right sides are set as the left and right objects with the central portion in the longitudinal direction as a reference.

5. Further, in the developing device of the present invention, when the control valve swings between a fixed position where the communication port is opened and an operating position where the communication port is closed, and returns to the fixed position, It forms a space that opens to the communication port corresponding to the wake side in the moving direction,
The stirring means has at least one elastic film,
This elastic film forms a space that opens to each communication port on the downstream side in the rotation direction when the tip of the elastic film comes into contact with the inner wall surface of the toner cartridge by rotation and then comes off.
The toner is supplied into the developing unit through a space formed in the developing unit, and the toner is returned to the toner cartridge through the space formed in the toner cartridge.
6). The developing device of the present invention is further characterized in that a valve angle at a fixed position of the control valve is 20 ° to 45 °, and a valve angle at an operating position is 0 ° to 15 °.
7). Further, the developing device of the present invention further includes a protruding portion that is bent and detached after the elastic film front end portion of the stirring means contacts the inner wall surface of the toner cartridge.
The elastic film is provided with a convex section having a fan-shaped cross section that requires the rotational axis of the elastic film in a range of 30 to 120 ° on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the elastic film. The toner is prevented from flowing into the space formed by the above.
8). In the developing device of the present invention, the control valve operates at least once while the space is formed in the toner cartridge.
The control valve operates at least once even after the space in the toner cartridge disappears.

9. Further, in the developing device of the present invention, the control valve is driven by a rotating means provided in the developing unit, and the rotating means has at least two rotating blades, and the rotation thereof. The number is 0.5-5.0 times / second,
The number of rotations of the stirring means in the toner cartridge is 0.04 to 0.4 times / second.
10. The developing device of the present invention is further characterized in that the distance between the side end portion of the elastic film of the stirring means and the side wall surface of the toner cartridge is 20 mm or less.
11. In the developing device of the present invention, the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b per unit time at each communication port can be adjusted in the range of 0.05 to 2.0. It is characterized by that.
12 Further, the developing device of the present invention is further characterized in that the interval between the control valves is 2 mm to 20 mm.
13. The developing device of the present invention is further characterized in that the adjacent control valves operate alternately.
14 The developing device of the present invention is further characterized in that the rotating blades of the rotating means in the developing unit are comb-shaped.
15. The developing device of the present invention is further characterized in that the rotating blades of the rotating means in the developing unit are rectangular.
16. Further, the developing device of the present invention is characterized in that the width of the control valve is 0 mm to 20 mm larger than the width of the communication port.
17. Further, in the developing device of the present invention, the length of the control valve is 10 mm to 25 mm.

18. An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes an image carrier that carries a latent image, a charging device that uniformly charges the surface of the image carrier, an exposure device that writes an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier, A developing device that visualizes the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier, a transfer device that transfers the visible image on the surface of the image carrier directly or via an intermediate transfer member, and an image carrier An image forming apparatus comprising: a cleaning device that cleans toner on a body; and a fixing device that fixes a visible image on a recording member with heat and / or pressure.
The developing device is the developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 17.
19. The image forming apparatus of the present invention further includes a process cartridge that integrally supports the image carrier and the developing device and is detachable.
20. The process cartridge of the present invention is a process cartridge that integrally supports at least an image carrier and a developing device and is detachable from an image forming apparatus main body, wherein the developing device is any one of claims 1 to 17. The developing device according to item 1, wherein the developing device is described above.

  According to the developing device of the present invention and the image forming apparatus using the developing device, the toner replacement rate (b / a), which is the ratio of each communication port to the supply amount of toner and the return amount of toner, is made uniform. Therefore, the properties of the toner in the developing unit become uniform, and a high-quality image free from background stains can be formed.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that it is easy for a person skilled in the art to make other embodiments by changing or correcting the present invention within the scope of the claims, and these changes and modifications are included in the scope of the claims, The following description is an example of the best mode of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the claims.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a developing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The developing device 30 includes a developing unit 31 that develops a latent image on a photoreceptor 11 (see FIG. 6 described later) as an image carrier with toner as a developer, and a toner cartridge 32 that supplies toner to the developing unit 31. Is provided.
The developing unit 31 is opposed to the photosensitive member 11 and supplies a toner onto the developing sleeve 31a, which is a developer carrying member that conveys the toner to a developing region formed between the developing unit 31 and the developing sleeve 31a. Supply roller 31b, a regulating roller 31c that is a layer thickness regulating member that regulates the amount of toner on the developing sleeve 31a, and a first conveyance paddle 31d as a rotating means for conveying the toner.
The toner cartridge 32 includes first and second storage chambers 321 and 322 that store toner, a second transport paddle 32a and a third transport paddle 32b that serve as stirring means for transporting the toner to the developing unit 31, In addition, a rib 35 is provided as a protrusion protruding from the bottom of the toner cartridge 32 where the second transport paddle 32a rotates.
Here, a one-component developer is used as the developer. In contrast to replacing the developer as will be described later, it is very difficult to separate the toner from the carrier once mixed with the two-component developer. In the case of a one-component developer, the toner cartridge 32 and the developer in the developing unit 31 are basically the same and can be interchanged, and can be applied to the developing device 30 of the present embodiment. In particular, it is preferable to use a non-magnetic one-component developer even for a one-component developer. In the non-magnetic one-component developer, the external additive on the toner surface has a great influence on the chargeability and fluidity of the toner. In a magnetic one-component developer, developability can be controlled by the strength of magnetization depending on the amount of magnetic material. In a non-magnetic one-component developer, the developability is greatly influenced by the charge amount and fluidity due to the external additive, and therefore, a stable toner surface state can be obtained by using it in the developing device 30 of this embodiment. .

In the developing device 30, the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32 are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction. Further, the toner cartridge 32 and the developing unit 31 are provided with a plurality of communication ports 33 through which the toner passes between the toner cartridge 32 and the developing unit 31. Further, a control valve 34 is provided corresponding to the communication port 33 at the opening of the communication port 33 on the developing unit 31 side.
The developing device 30 according to the present embodiment allows the toner to pass through the communication port 33. Thus, an amount of toner corresponding to the toner consumed in the developing unit 31 is supplied from the toner cartridge 32 to the developing unit 31, and the toner deteriorated in the developing unit 31 is removed from the developing unit 31 through the communication port 33. The toner is returned to the toner cartridge 32 and discharged (hereinafter, simply referred to as discharge). The toner cartridge 32 can be replaced independently of the developing unit 31 independently.
The toner is subjected to a pressing force by the toner supply roller 31b and the regulating roller 31c in the developing unit 31. By receiving this pressing force, irregularities on the surface of the toner are chipped and the surface becomes smooth, and the adhesion to the photoconductor increases, making cleaning difficult. For this reason, when the environment is low, cleaning failure may occur, and transferability is improved. However, fogging appears on a white background portion that has not been visually observed even if it is conventionally transferred. Further, when the toner is pressed, the external additive present on the toner surface is buried inside the toner. This will be described in detail later regarding the external additive, but the external additive has a higher hardness than the toner. For this reason, the toner is buried inside the toner. As the external additive present on the toner surface decreases, the chargeability of the toner changes. In particular, since silica used as an external additive has a large specific surface area, the charge amount is high, and the charge amount of the toner varies greatly depending on the amount of the external additive on the toner surface due to burying. Another effect is that the fluidity of the toner is reduced by burying the external additive. This fluidity indicates the adhesion force of the toner, and is present between the toner and, for example, the photoreceptor, and reduces the adhesion force therebetween. Similarly, the developability is improved by reducing the adhesion between the developing sleeve 31a and the toner. On the contrary, if the amount of the external additive existing on the toner surface is reduced due to the embedding, the developability is lowered.

Therefore, in the developing device 30 according to the present embodiment, the toner corresponding to the amount of toner consumed in the developing unit 31 is provided in the developing unit 31 via a plurality of communication ports 33 for supplying toner from the toner cartridge 32 to the developing unit 31. A certain toner is once returned to the toner cartridge 32 and discharged, mixed with undegraded toner in the toner cartridge 32, the ratio of the deteriorated toner amount is lowered, and again through the plurality of communication ports 33. To supply to the developing unit 31 and replenish.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the control valve 34 arranged at the communication port portion of the developing unit 31 in the developing device of the present invention. The control valve 34 is provided in the developing unit 31 so as to correspond to a plurality of communication ports 33, and a film 34b as an operation unit is attached to the support unit 34a and is disposed in the housing. The film 34b of the control valve 34 is provided corresponding to each communication port 33 and has, for example, a rectangular shape. In principle, the film 34b is not provided in the portion where the communication port 33 is not provided, and the films 43b are provided alternately.

Further, in the film 34b of the control valve 34 of the present embodiment, the control valve at both ends along the arrangement direction, that is, the longitudinal direction of the developing unit 31, is a film 34c wider by 20% or more than the other control valves. . As a result, the amount of toner that wraps around the back side of the control valve at both ends and the amount of toner that wraps around the back side of the control valve other than both ends can be made substantially equal, so that the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b at the plurality of communication ports The ratio b / a (hereinafter also simply referred to as a replacement rate) can be equalized. If the width ratio is 20% or less, the effect of regulating the amount of toner that wraps around the back side of the control valve is insufficient. In addition, although the upper limit of the ratio made wide is not prescribed | regulated in particular, it is 50% or less. When it exceeds 50%, the operability of the control valve is lowered.
The support portion 34a of the control valve 34 is made of metal having rigidity, and is made of, for example, SUS, Cu, or Al. The film 34b is made of an elastic resin, and is made of, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester resin, or fluororesin.
The first transport paddle 31d of the developing unit 31 includes a paddle film as a rotating blade. This film may be a single film or a plurality of films. The first transport paddle 31d rotates and supplies the toner supplied from the toner cartridge 32 side to the developing sleeve 31a. The film may be plate-shaped. Further, with respect to the comb-like or rectangular control valve 34 provided corresponding to the communication port 33, only a portion corresponding to the control valve 34 may be rectangular. Moreover, when providing two or more sheets, you may use combining these.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view for schematically explaining a state in which toner is supplied from the toner cartridge 32 side to the developing unit 31 side. The film of the first transport paddle 31d (hereinafter simply referred to as the first transport paddle) rotates and hits the film 34b of the control valve 34 (hereinafter simply referred to as the control valve), and the control valve 34 is pressed. . Thereafter, the first transport paddle 31d passes, and the elastic control valve 34 is quickly bounced back and a space is formed on the downstream side in the moving direction of the control valve 34. The toner that has been pushed in from the cartridge 32 side flows in through the communication port 33, whereby the toner is supplied to the developing unit 31 side.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for schematically explaining a state in which toner on the toner cartridge 32 side is supplied. The toner cartridge 32 further conveys the toner transported from the third transport paddle 32b (see FIG. 1) of the second storage chamber 322 to the first storage chamber 321 toward the developing unit 31 by the second transport paddle 32a. . The second transport paddle 32a includes a single paddle film as an elastic film, and transports the toner to the developing unit 31 side by rotating the film. Furthermore, by providing a rib 35 as a protrusion on the inner wall surface of the bottom of the first storage chamber 321, the paddle film is deformed so as to be curved after contacting the rib 35 as shown in FIG. When the toner passes through the ribs 35, the toner is blocked by the ribs 35 and the instantaneous movement of the film causes a gap between the ribs 35 on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the paddle film and the paddle film. A space without toner is formed. This space is gradually filled by the intrusion of toner with good fluidity, but the state where the space is formed inside the toner is maintained for a certain period of time. Further, when the paddle film rotates, the toner also enters the space from above, so that there is no space inside the toner.

When rotating in this state, the paddle film pushes the toner into the developing unit 31 and the control valve 34 of the developing unit 31 is pressed by the paddle film of the first transport paddle 31d. If the control valve 34 is open (when it is in a fixed position), the toner moves from the toner cartridge 32 side to the developing unit 31 side through the communication port 33 and is supplied.
Next, the toner in the developing unit 31 enters below the opened control valve 34. Thereafter, when the paddle film of the first transport paddle 31d rotates and pushes the control valve 34, the toner that has entered the lower part of the control valve 34 is pushed from the developing unit 31 side to the toner cartridge 32 side and the first storage. In the chamber 321, a space is created inside the toner by the paddle film of the second transport paddle, and the toner in the developing unit 31 is overlapped when the space just hits the communicating port 33, so that the toner in the developing unit 31 passes through the communicating port 33. To the toner cartridge 32 side and discharged.

The movement of the first, second and third transport paddles and the movement of the toner between the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32 in the developing device 30 at this time will be described in more detail.
FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating toner movement between the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32. Here, the developing sleeve 31a and the like in the developing unit 31 are omitted.
In the developing device 30, as shown in FIG. 5A, the control valve 34 in the developing unit 31 has a predetermined angle θ with respect to the wall surface provided with the communication port. The first transport paddle 31d rotates a plurality of, for example, two paddle films. The second and third transport paddles in the toner cartridge 32 rotate a single paddle film. As shown in FIG. 5 (2), in the developing unit 31, a plurality of paddle films push the control valve 34 in the first transport paddle 31 d, and at this time, the first transport paddle 31 d is between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33. Since the toner cartridge 32 side is also filled with toner, the toner cannot move in the communication port 33, flows laterally from the control valve 34 in the developing unit 31, and returns to the developing unit 31. Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (3), in the first transport paddle 31 d, a plurality of paddle films push the control valve 34 further, and there is almost no gap between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33 ( (Operating position).

Next, as shown in FIGS. 5 (4) and 5 (5), the first transport paddle 31d has a plurality of paddle films separated from the control valve 34, so that the control valve 34 is at its original angle (fixed position). At this time, a large gap is formed, and by forming a space, the toner moves from the toner cartridge 32 side through the communication port 33 and is supplied into the developing unit 31.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5 (6), the paddle film of the first transport paddle 31d pushes the control valve 34 again by having a plurality of sheets. At this time, the paddle film of the second transport paddle hits the rib 35 in the first storage chamber 321 in the toner cartridge 32. When further rotated, as shown in FIG. 5 (7), the paddle film of the first transport paddle 31 d further pushes the control valve 34, and a state without a gap is formed between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33. At this time, when the paddle film of the second transport paddle is rotated first from the rib 35, a space is formed in the toner on the downstream side in the moving direction of the paddle film.
In addition, by providing a convex section having a sectoral cross section that requires the rotation axis of the film in a range of 30 to 120 ° on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the paddle film, the paddle film is formed by the convex section and the rib 35. The toner can be prevented from flowing into the space formed by the rotation of the toner and the space can be stably present for a predetermined time. If the angle range in which the convex portion having the sectoral cross section is smaller than 30 °, the effect of preventing the inflow of toner becomes insufficient. Further, if the angle range exceeds 120 °, the existence time of the space portion becomes too long, causing toner supply and movement failure.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 5 (8) and 5 (9), the first transport paddle 31d is moved back to the original angle when the plurality of paddle films are separated from the control valve 34. In addition, by forming a space with a large gap, the toner lifted by the paddle film of the second transport paddle 32 a is further moved and supplied from the toner cartridge 32 side to the developing unit side through the communication port 33. The distance between the side edge of the paddle film of the second transport paddle 32a and the side wall surface of the toner cartridge is preferably 20 mm or less. If this interval exceeds 20 mm, the dead space is too large, and the agitation and transfer efficiency of the toner decreases.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (10), the paddle film of the first transport paddle 31d pushes the control valve 34 again by having a plurality of sheets. Until now, there was toner in the vicinity of the communication port 33 on the toner cartridge 32 side. However, if there is a space formed inside the toner, the toner that has flowed under the control valve 34 in the developing unit 31 Rather than flowing in the horizontal direction and returning to the developing unit 31, it passes through the communication port 33, moves from the developing unit 31 side to the toner cartridge 32 side, and is returned and discharged. As shown in FIGS. 5 (11) and 5 (12), the paddle film of the first transport paddle 31 d pushes the control valve 34 again to further move from the developing unit 31 side to the toner cartridge 32 side. It is moved and discharged.
Further, by making the rotation speed of the first transport paddle 31d faster than the second transport paddle, the toner is moved from the developing unit 31 side to the toner cartridge 32 side as shown in FIGS. 5 (13) to 5 (16). Can be discharged. Note that the control valve 34 operates at least once while the space portion is formed in the toner cartridge, and the control valve operates at least once even after the space portion in the toner cartridge disappears.
By repeating such operations, the toner can be moved between the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32 through the communication port 33.

By controlling the rotational speeds of the first transport paddle 31d in the developing unit 31 and the second transport paddle 32a in the toner cartridge 32, the amount of supply / discharge due to toner movement can be adjusted.
That is, the ratio R2 / R1 between the rotational speed R2 of the second transport paddle in the toner cartridge 32 and the rotational speed R1 of the first transport paddle 31d in the developing unit 31 is, for example, between 1/10 and 4/1. By adjusting, the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner discharge amount b per unit time is controlled to be in the range of 0.05 to 2.0. If b / a is less than 0.05, the background stain cannot be prevented, and if it is more than 2.0, the amount of toner returned becomes too large to perform a stable developing operation.
The rotational speed of the first transport paddle 31d is set to, for example, 0.5 to 5.0 times / second, and the rotational speed of the second transport paddle 32a is set to, for example, 0.04 to 0.4 times / second. By adjusting each rotational speed within this range, the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner discharge amount b per unit time can be controlled to be in the range of 0.05 to 2.0. it can. If the rotational speed of the first transport paddle 31d and the rotational speed of the second transport paddle 32a are out of this range, it is difficult to adjust the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner discharge amount b per unit time.

In this embodiment, it is preferable to adjust the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner discharge amount b per unit time in the range of 0.05 to 0.95. As a result, the developing operation can be stably continued for a long time with a good amount of toner while supplementing the amount of toner consumed for development. If b / a is less than 0.05, background contamination cannot be prevented, and if it is greater than 0.95, the amount of toner supplied to the developing unit decreases.
At this time, the amount of toner movement, that is, the amount of toner supply / discharge, can be adjusted by the number of communication ports 33. The number of the communication ports 33 is appropriately determined according to the image forming speed of the image forming apparatus main body.
Further, the control valve 34 provided corresponding to the communication port 33 is provided in a comb-like shape, and the adjacent control valves 34 are operated alternately. That is, every other paddle film of the first transport paddle 31d is provided in a comb-like shape corresponding to the comb-like control valve 34, and it is provided to all the control valves 34 with two paddle films. Correspondingly, the control valves 34 can be operated alternately. By alternately operating, the toner can be discharged evenly without forming a dead space of toner in the developing unit 31.

The width of the control valve 34 is 0 mm to 20 mm larger than the width of the communication port 33. If the width of the control valve 34 is smaller than the width of the communication port 33, the communication port 33 to which toner is supplied is blocked by the toner on the developing unit 31 side, so that it is difficult to supply toner. Further, in discharging the toner, toner enters between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33, and a large amount of toner is discharged from the developing unit 31 side to the toner cartridge 32 side through the communication port 33 by discharging the inserted toner. However, since the width of the control valve 34 is reduced, a large amount of toner is discharged and the toner in the developing unit 31 is reduced.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, among the control valves 34 provided along the longitudinal direction of the developing unit 31, the widths of the control valves at both ends are made larger than the widths of the other control valves. Since the width is increased by 20% or more, the amount of toner entering between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33 through the side of the control valve at both ends is regulated, and similar control valves are arranged on both the left and right sides. Since the amount of toner entering the back side of the control valve other than the opposite end portions can be made substantially equal, the amount of toner movement at the plurality of communication ports 33, that is, the toner replacement rate can be equalized.
On the other hand, toner is discharged from the side of the control valve 34 between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33 through the communication port 33 when the first transport paddle 31d is pushed. For this reason, when the width of the control valve 34 becomes larger than the communication port 33, the amount of toner that wraps around the communication port 33 as a whole decreases, the amount of discharged toner decreases, and the toner replacement rate decreases. The toner supplied from the communication port 33 moves downward from the communication port 33 and is mixed with the toner under the control valve 34. Therefore, when the width of the control valve 34 is increased, the number of supplied toners is reduced, and the homogeneity due to the mixing of the toner is lowered. In the present embodiment, the width of only the control valves at both ends is made larger than the widths of the other control valves, so that such inconvenience can be minimized.
Accordingly, at least the width of the control valve 34 other than both ends is equal to or larger than the width of the communication port 33 and is larger than the width of the communication port 33 within 20 mm. By setting this width, it is possible to easily control the supply / discharge of the toner, and to improve the homogeneity due to the mixing of the toner after the supply.

The interval between the control valves 34 is 2 mm to 20 mm. When the distance between the control valves 34 is less than 2 mm, the amount of toner entering between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33 is small, and the amount of toner that can be discharged is small. Further, if it exceeds 20 mm, the number of communication ports 33 that can be provided decreases, and the amount of toner supplied and discharged decreases.
The length of the control valve 34 is 10 mm to 25 mm. The size of the space formed between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33 is determined by the length of the control valve 34. Therefore, if the length of the control valve 34 is less than 10 mm, the amount of discharged toner is reduced, so that the replacement of toner becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 25 mm, the amount to be discharged increases and the amount of toner in the developing unit decreases.
Further, the valve angle at a fixed position of the control valve 34 is set to 20 ° to 45 °, and the valve angle at the operating position is set to 0 ° to 15 °. Since the control valve is elastic and bends, the valve angle here is defined as an angle formed by a straight line connecting a portion where the control valve is in contact with the wall surface and the tip of the control valve and the wall surface. The size of the space formed between the control valve 34 and the communication port 33 is determined by the angle of the control valve 34. When the valve angle at the fixed position of the control valve 34 is less than 20 °, the amount of toner discharged becomes small, and the replacement of toner becomes insufficient. On the other hand, when the valve angle at the fixed position exceeds 45 °, the amount to be discharged increases and the amount of toner in the developing hopper decreases.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
The image forming apparatus 1 includes a photosensitive unit 10, a writing optical unit 20, a developing unit 30, an intermediate transfer unit 40, a secondary transfer unit 50, a fixing unit 60, a duplex printing paper reversing unit 70, and the like. Then, black (hereinafter referred to as Bk), cyan (hereinafter referred to as C), magenta (hereinafter referred to as M), and yellow (hereinafter referred to as Y) color images are successively developed on the photoreceptor belt 11 of the photoreceptor unit 10. These are then superimposed to form the final four-color full color image. Around the photoreceptor belt 11, a photoreceptor cleaning device 12, a charging roller 13, a plurality of developing devices 30, an intermediate transfer belt 41 of an intermediate transfer unit 40, and the like are disposed. The photosensitive belt 11 is stretched between a driving roller 14, a primary transfer counter roller 15, and a stretching roller 16, and is rotated by a driving motor. The writing optical unit 20 converts the color image data into an optical signal, performs optical writing corresponding to each color image, and forms an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive belt 11. The writing optical unit 20 includes a semiconductor laser 21 as a light source, a polygon mirror 22, three reflecting mirrors 23, and the like.
The developing device 30 includes, in order from the lower side of the main body of the image forming apparatus 1, a Bk developing device 30K containing black toner, a C developing device 30C containing cyan toner, an M developing device 30M containing magenta toner, and a yellow. A Y developing device 30Y containing toner is provided. Here, a contact / separation mechanism for moving the developing devices in the left-right direction in the drawing to perform the contact / separation operation with respect to the photosensitive belt 11 is further provided.

  The toner in the developing device 30 is charged to a predetermined polarity, and a developing bias is applied to the developing sleeve 31 a by a developing bias power source, and the developing sleeve 31 a is biased to a predetermined potential with respect to the photosensitive belt 11. The contact / separation mechanism moves the developing device 30 toward the photosensitive belt 11 by the driving force when an electromagnetic clutch (not shown) for transmitting driving from the motor to each developing device 30 is turned on. At the time of development, any one selected from the developing device 30 moves and contacts the photosensitive belt 11. On the other hand, when the electromagnetic clutch is turned off to cancel the drive transmission, the developing device that has been in contact with the photosensitive belt 11 moves away from the photosensitive belt 11.

In the standby state of the main body of the image forming apparatus 1, the developing devices 30K, C, M, and Y are also set at positions separated from the photosensitive belt 11, and when the image forming operation is started, the laser beam is based on the color image data. Is started, and electrostatic latent image formation is started (hereinafter, an electrostatic latent image based on Bk image data is referred to as a Bk electrostatic latent image; the same applies to C, M, and Y). Before the leading edge of the electrostatic latent image reaches the Bk developing position so that the leading edge of the Bk electrostatic latent image can be developed, the Bk developing sleeve 31a starts to rotate, and the Bk electrostatic latent image is transformed with Bk toner. develop. Thereafter, the developing operation of the Bk electrostatic latent image area is continued, but when the rear end portion of the Bk electrostatic latent image passes the Bk developing position, the K developing device 30K is separated from the photosensitive belt 11, The developing device of the corresponding color comes into contact with the photosensitive belt 11 in preparation for the development of the next color. This is completed at least before the leading edge of the electrostatic latent image based on the next image data reaches the developing position.
The intermediate transfer unit 40 includes an intermediate transfer belt 41, a belt cleaning device 42, a position detection sensor 43, and the like. The intermediate transfer belt 41 is stretched around a drive roller 44, a primary transfer roller 45, a secondary transfer counter roller 46 as a driven roller, a cleaning counter roller 47, and a tension roller 48, and is driven and controlled by a drive motor (not shown). The A plurality of position detection marks are provided in the non-image forming area at the end of the intermediate transfer belt 41, and any one of these position detection marks is detected by the position detection sensor 43, and this detection is performed. Image formation starts at the timing. Further, the belt cleaning device 42 includes a cleaning brush 42a, a contact / separation mechanism, and the like, while transferring the Bk image of the first color to the intermediate transfer belt 41 and the images of the second, third, and fourth colors. During the transfer to the intermediate transfer belt 41, the cleaning brush 42a is separated from the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 41 by the contact / separation mechanism.
Further, the secondary transfer unit 50 includes a contact / separation mechanism including a clutch or the like for contacting / separating the secondary transfer roller 51, the secondary transfer roller 51 with the intermediate transfer belt 41. The secondary transfer roller 51 swings about the rotation axis of the contact / separation mechanism in accordance with the timing when the transfer paper reaches the transfer position. The secondary transfer roller 51 and the secondary transfer counter roller 46 bring the transfer paper and the intermediate transfer belt 41 into contact with each other with a constant pressure. The secondary transfer roller 51 has a positional accuracy of parallelism with the secondary transfer counter roller 46 by a positioning member (not shown) provided in the intermediate transfer unit 40. Further, the contact pressure of the secondary transfer roller 51 with respect to the intermediate transfer belt 41 is made constant by a positioning roller (not shown) provided on the secondary transfer roller 51. At the same time as the secondary transfer roller 51 is brought into contact with the intermediate transfer belt 41, a transfer bias having a polarity opposite to that of the toner is applied to the secondary transfer roller 51, and the superimposed toner images on the intermediate transfer belt 41 are collectively transferred onto the transfer paper. .

  On the other hand, at the time when the image forming operation is started, the transfer sheet is fed from either the sheet feeding device 80 or the manual feed tray 83 and waits at the nip of the pair of registration rollers 82. Then, when the leading edge of the four-color superimposed toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 41 approaches the secondary transfer roller 51, the registration roller pair 82 is driven so that the leading edge of the transfer paper coincides with the leading edge of the toner image. The transfer paper and the toner image are aligned. Then, the transfer paper is superimposed on the toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 41 and passes through the secondary transfer position. At this time, the transfer paper is charged by the transfer bias by the secondary transfer roller 51, and most of the toner image is transferred onto the transfer paper. Then, the transfer paper onto which the four-color superimposed toner images are collectively transferred from the intermediate transfer belt 41 is conveyed to the fixing unit 60, and the toner image is melted at the nip portion between the fixing belt 61 and the pressure roller 62 controlled to a predetermined temperature. It is fixed, sent out of the apparatus main body, and stacked face down on the paper discharge tray 84 to obtain a full color copy.

Furthermore, when performing duplex printing, the transfer paper that has passed through the fixing unit 60 is sent to the duplex printing paper reversing unit 70 by the duplex switching claw 65. In the double-sided printing paper reversing unit 70, the transfer paper is first guided in the direction of arrow D by the reversal switching claw 71, and after the rear end of the transfer paper passes through the reversal switching claw 71, the reversing roller pair 72 stops and the transfer paper also Stop. Then, the reverse roller pair 72 starts reverse rotation after a certain blank time, and the transfer paper starts to switch back. At this time, the reverse switching claw 71 is switched, and the transfer paper is sent to the registration roller pair 82. The transfer sheet sent to the registration roller pair 82 stands by at the nip of the registration roller pair 82 with the front and back reversed. Then, the registration roller pair 82 is driven at a predetermined timing, the transfer paper is sent to the secondary transfer position, and the four-color superimposed toner image is collectively transferred from the intermediate transfer belt 41, and then the toner image is melted by the fixing unit 60. It is fixed and sent out of the main body.
On the other hand, the surface of the photoreceptor belt 11 after the primary transfer is cleaned by the photoreceptor cleaning device 12. At this time, the charge can be uniformly removed by a charge removal lamp or the like to facilitate cleaning. Further, the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 41 after the toner image is transferred onto the transfer paper is cleaned by pressing the cleaning brush 42a of the belt cleaning device 42 with a contact / separation mechanism. The toner cleaned from the intermediate transfer belt 41 is stored in a waste toner tank 49.

Here, the developing device will be further described in detail. The developing device 30 includes a developing sleeve 31a that rotates while carrying toner on the surface to develop an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor belt 11, and a first conveyance paddle 31d that rotates to pump up and stir the toner. And a toner cartridge 32 for containing toner. The reason why it is divided into two units in this way is that the developing unit 31 has durability that can withstand even if the toner cartridge 32 is replaced several times.
7A and 7B are schematic views showing the configuration of the communication port 33 in the developing device of the present embodiment. FIG. 7A shows the configuration on the developing unit 31 side, and FIG. 7B shows the configuration on the toner cartridge side. . A slide shutter 31e is provided outside the housing of the developing unit 31, and an elastic member 31f is attached to the slide shutter 31e. The communication port 33 of the developing unit 31 is opened and closed by opening and closing the slide shutter 31e. Further, the toner cartridge 32 side prevents the toner from spilling from the elastic member 32d having an opening corresponding to the communication port 33 provided in the housing, and the communication port 33, or can replenish the toner. A slide shutter 32c to be opened and a fixed seal 32e for fixing them to the housing are provided.

By arranging the toner cartridge 32 in the developing device, the slide shutter 31e on the developing unit 31 side is opened, and the slide shutter 32c on the toner cartridge 32 side is opened, so that a communication port 33 through which toner can pass is formed.
There are a plurality of communication ports 33 on the developing unit 31 side, and a slide shutter 31e with an elastic member attached is provided between the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32. By moving the slide shutter 31e, the communication port 33 provided in the housing of the developing unit 31 is opened and closed. When there is no toner cartridge 32 or when it is not attached to the image forming apparatus main body, the communication port 33 is closed by the slide shutter 31e to prevent toner from spilling from the developing unit 31.
Further, when the developing unit 31 is not provided or the toner cartridge 32 is not attached to the main body of the image forming apparatus, the communication port 33 is closed in order to prevent the toner from spilling out from the toner cartridge 32. A slide shutter 32c is provided. An elastic member 32d, a slide shutter 32c, and a fixed seal 32e are provided for the toner cartridge 32. The elastic member is preferably a foamed material such as urethane resin or silicone resin.
As shown in FIG. 7, window portions 31 g opened to the slide shutter are provided corresponding to the plurality of communication ports 33 provided in the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32. When the communication port 33 is closed, the communication port 33 is closed where there is no window portion of the slide shutter, and when the communication port 33 is opened, the slide shutter is moved so that the window portion and the communication port 33 are aligned with each other. To communicate.

In the image forming apparatus 1, the developing device 30 transports the toner to the developer supply roller 31b while stirring the toner with the first transport paddle 31d in the developing unit 31, and the supply roller 31b rubs against the developing sleeve 31a. At the same time, the toner is rubbed and frictionally charged to charge the toner. The charged toner is attracted to the developing sleeve 31a with a mirror image force and conveyed. Thereafter, the amount of toner conveyed to the development area is regulated by the regulation roller 31c. A thin toner layer formed on the developing sleeve 31a is developed on the photosensitive belt 11 with a developing bias in the developing region.
At this time, the toner rubbed against the developing sleeve 31a by the supply roller 31b receives a large pressing force, and the irregularities on the surface of the toner are scraped to become spherical and increase the adhesion force of the toner. Further, the external additive on the surface of the toner is buried by this pressing force and the fluidity is lowered, and further, the charge amount cannot be adjusted by the external additive, so that the charge amount is changed. Under these influences, the developing property of the toner is lowered, and further, the transfer property and the cleaning property are lowered.
As described above, the deteriorated toner increases in the hopper of the developing unit, and the toner in the developing unit 31 decreases because the toner is consumed by the development. Therefore, the toner is supplied from the toner cartridge 32 to the developing unit 31 through the plurality of communication ports 33. In the toner cartridge 32, a second transport paddle 32 a and a third transport paddle 32 b slidably contacted with the inner wall of the toner cartridge main body 32 are provided in the first storage chamber 321 and the second storage chamber 322, respectively. Alternatively, the third transport paddles 32 a and 32 b rotate to push the toner toward the developing unit 31, so that the toner is supplied to the developing unit 31 from the plurality of communication ports 33.

  Further, the toner in the developing unit 31 is discharged to the toner cartridge 32 through the plurality of communication ports 33, and the toner is mixed with the toner in the toner cartridge 32. A large amount of unused toner is stored in the toner cartridge 32 and is mixed with the deteriorated toner in the developing unit 31. As a result of this mixing, the external additive present in large amounts on the surface of the unused toner is redistributed to the deteriorated toner, whereby the charge amount and fluidity of the deteriorated toner become close to those of the original unused toner. This is because the toner discharged from the developing unit 31 to the first storage chamber 321 is further transported to the second storage chamber 322 by the second transport paddle, and then to the first storage chamber 321 by the third transport paddle. Returned. During this time, the external additive is redistributed.

According to the present embodiment, since the control valves at both ends are wider than the other control valves by 20% or more, the amount of toner that wraps around the back side of the control valve at both ends and the amount of toner that wraps around the back side of the control valve other than both ends The toner replacement rate (b / a), which is the ratio between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b for each communication port 33 per unit time, can be made uniform. it can. Therefore, the properties of the toner in the developing unit become uniform, and a high-quality image free from background stains can be formed.
Further, according to the present embodiment, the ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b per unit time can be adjusted in the range of 0.05 to 2.0, so that the developing unit 31 can be adjusted. The deteriorated toner can be returned to the toner cartridge 32 as necessary, mixed with the toner that has not deteriorated, and then returned to the developing unit 31, so that the chargeability of the toner can be kept good. Therefore, a high-quality image can be obtained by obtaining a stable charge amount over a long period of time. In addition, since the decrease in toner fluidity can be suppressed, the toner can be stably and uniformly supplied to the developing sleeve, so that an image having a high density can be stably obtained.
In the present embodiment, the photoconductor as the image carrier and the developing device form a process cartridge that is integrally supported. This facilitates attachment / detachment, facilitates return to the current state at the time of failure, and improves maintainability.

In the present embodiment, the plurality of communication ports 33 that connect the developing unit 31 and the toner cartridge 32 are subject to the shape, size, and / or arrangement position on the left and right sides with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the connecting portion. It is preferable. As a result, it is possible to more reliably ensure the uniform flowability of the toner.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing a communication port portion provided in the developing unit in a modification of the present embodiment. In FIG. 8, the communication ports 33 are arranged so that the same number of the same shapes in the left and right directions are line symmetric with respect to the longitudinal center of the developing unit 31. By disposing each communication port 33 in this way, it is possible to more reliably ensure uniform flowability in a cross section perpendicular to the toner flow direction.
In this embodiment, instead of making the control valves at both ends in the longitudinal direction 20% or more wider than the other control valves, control corresponding to the communication ports at both ends among the plurality of arranged control valves. A control valve having the same shape as that of the plurality of control valves may be provided adjacent to the valve, on the outside thereof, that is, corresponding to a portion where the communication port is not provided. By doing in this way, the control valve corresponding to the communicating port of both ends can be made into the same conditions as those in which the same control valve is arranged on both sides like the other control valves. It is possible to ensure the uniform flowability of the toner in each communication port including the communication port of the part.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing a control valve arrangement in a modification of the present embodiment. In FIG. 9, among the plurality of control valves, the control valves corresponding to the communication valves corresponding to the communication ports at both ends are adjacent to the outside, that is, corresponding to the portion where the communication ports are not provided. Since the control valve 34d having the same shape is provided, the movement of the toner around the control valve at both ends can be made the same as the movement of the toner around the control valve other than the both ends. The ratio b / a (replacement rate) between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b can be equalized.

1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a developing device of the present invention. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the control valve arrange | positioned at the image development unit in the image development apparatus of this invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram for schematically explaining a state in which toner is supplied from a toner cartridge side to a developing unit. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state where toner on the toner cartridge side is supplied. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating toner movement between a developing unit and a toner cartridge. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating toner movement between a developing unit and a toner cartridge. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating toner movement between a developing unit and a toner cartridge. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams illustrating a configuration of a communication port in the developing device of the present invention, in which FIG. 3A illustrates a configuration on a developing unit side, and FIG. 3B illustrates a configuration on a toner cartridge side. It is a front view which shows the communicating port part in the modification of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the control valve arrangement | sequence in the modification of embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Image forming apparatus 10 Photoconductor unit 11 Photoconductor belt 12 Photoconductor cleaning apparatus 13 Charging roller 14 Drive roller (photoconductor)
15, 16 Followed roller (photosensitive member)
20 Writing optical unit 21 Semiconductor laser 22 Polygon mirror 23 Reflecting mirror 25 Feeding roller 26 Contacting / separating mechanism 30 Developing device 31 Developing unit 31a Developing sleeve 31b Supply roller 31c Restricting roller 31d First transport paddle 31e Slide shutter 31f Elastic member 31g Window 32 toner cartridge 321 first storage chamber 322 second storage chamber 32a second transport paddle 32b third transport paddle 32c slide shutter 32d elastic member 32e fixed seal 33 communication port 34 control valve 34a support portion 34b film 34c wide film (wide film) Control valve)
34d Film not compatible with communication port (control valve not compatible with communication port)
35 Rib 40 Intermediate transfer unit 41 Intermediate transfer belt 42 Belt cleaning device 43 Mark sensor 44 Drive roller (intermediate transfer belt)
45 Primary transfer rollers 46, 47, 48 Driven roller 49 Waste toner tank 50 Secondary transfer unit 51 Secondary transfer roller 60 Fixing unit 61 Fixing belt 62 Pressure roller 65 Duplex switching claw 70 Duplex printing paper reversing unit 71 Reverse switching claw 72 Reverse roller 80 Paper feed device 81 Paper feed roller 82 Registration roller 83 Manual feed tray 84 Paper discharge tray 90 Transfer material

Claims (20)

A developing unit for developing the latent image on the image carrier with toner;
A toner cartridge that is arranged in parallel with the developing unit and supplies toner to the developing unit;
A stirring means provided in the toner cartridge,
In the developing device in which the toner cartridge is detachable from the developing unit,
The toner cartridge and the developing unit are communicated with each other through a plurality of communication ports along the longitudinal direction, and a control valve is provided corresponding to the communication port,
The stirring means and the control valve cooperate to form a toner flow supplied from the toner cartridge to the developing unit via the communication port and a toner flow returned from the developing unit to the toner cartridge, A developing device comprising means for equalizing a ratio b / a between a toner supply amount a and a toner return amount b at the plurality of communication ports per unit time.   2. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the means for equalizing a ratio b / a of the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b includes control valves at both longitudinal ends of the plurality of control valves. A developing device that is 20% wider than other control valves.   2. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein means for equalizing a ratio b / a between the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b corresponds to communication ports at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the plurality of control valves. A developing device in which a control valve having the same shape as the plurality of control valves is provided adjacent to the control valve on the outside thereof.   2. The developing device according to claim 1, wherein means for equalizing a ratio b / a of the toner supply amount a and the toner return amount b is along the longitudinal direction of a communication portion between the toner cartridge and the developing unit. The developing device is configured such that the shape, size and / or arrangement position of the plurality of communication ports provided in the left-right direction are set as the left and right objects with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction. The developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The control valve swings between a fixed position where the communication port is opened and an operating position where the communication valve is closed, and when returning to the fixed position, the control valve corresponds to the downstream side in the moving direction. To form a space that opens to
The stirring means has at least one elastic film,
This elastic film forms a space that opens to each communication port on the downstream side in the rotation direction when the tip of the elastic film comes into contact with the inner wall surface of the toner cartridge by rotation and then comes off.
The toner is supplied into the developing unit through a space formed in the developing unit, and the toner is returned to the toner cartridge through a space formed in the toner cartridge. apparatus. The developing device according to claim 5,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein a valve angle of the control valve at a fixed position is 20 ° to 45 °, and a valve angle of the operating position is 0 ° to 15 °. The developing device according to claim 5 or 6,
Providing a protrusion that curves and leaves after the tip of the elastic film of the stirring means abuts on the inner wall surface of the toner cartridge,
The elastic film is provided with a convex section having a fan-shaped cross section that requires the rotational axis of the elastic film in a range of 30 to 120 ° on the downstream side in the rotational direction of the elastic film. A developing device characterized in that the toner is prevented from flowing into the space formed by the above. The developing device according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
While the space is formed in the toner cartridge, the control valve operates at least once,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the control valve operates at least once even after the space in the toner cartridge disappears. The developing device according to any one of claims 5 to 8,
The control valve is driven by rotating means provided in the developing unit, and the rotating means has at least two rotating blades, and the number of rotations is 0.5 to 5.0 times / Second,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the agitating means in the toner cartridge is 0.04 to 0.4 times / second. The developing device according to any one of claims 5 to 9,
2. A developing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance between a side end portion of the elastic film of the stirring means and a side wall surface of the toner cartridge is 20 mm or less. In the developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A developing device characterized in that a ratio b / a between a toner supply amount a and a toner return amount b per unit time at each communication port can be adjusted in a range of 0.05 to 2.0. The developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 11,
2. A developing device according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the control valves is 2 mm to 20 mm. The developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
A developing apparatus characterized in that the adjacent control valves operate alternately. The developing device according to claim 13,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating blades of the rotating means in the developing unit are comb-shaped. The developing device according to claim 13,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating blades of the rotating means in the developing unit have a rectangular shape. The developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 15,
The developing device according to claim 1, wherein the width of the control valve is 0 mm to 20 mm larger than the width of the communication port. The developing device according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
The developing device characterized in that the length of the control valve is 10 mm to 25 mm. An image carrier that carries a latent image, a charging device that uniformly charges the surface of the image carrier, an exposure device that writes an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier, and a surface formed on the surface of the image carrier. A developing device that visualizes the electrostatic latent image, a transfer device that transfers the visible image on the surface of the image carrier directly or via an intermediate transfer member, and a cleaning that cleans the toner on the image carrier In an image forming apparatus comprising an apparatus and a fixing device that fixes a visible image on a recording member with heat and / or pressure,
The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the developing device is the developing device according to claim 1. The image forming apparatus according to claim 18.
An image forming apparatus comprising a process cartridge that integrally supports the image carrier and the developing device and is detachable. At least in the process cartridge that integrally supports the image carrier and the developing device and is detachable from the image forming apparatus main body,
18. The process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the developing device is the developing device according to claim 1.

Images