JP2006299404A - Valve seat material made from iron-based sintered alloy for internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Valve seat material made from iron-based sintered alloy for internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006299404A JP2006299404A JP2006046138A JP2006046138A JP2006299404A JP 2006299404 A JP2006299404 A JP 2006299404A JP 2006046138 A JP2006046138 A JP 2006046138A JP 2006046138 A JP2006046138 A JP 2006046138A JP 2006299404 A JP2006299404 A JP 2006299404A
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- internal combustion
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 composed of Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007088 Archimedes method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017116 Fe—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017625 MgSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017263 Mo—C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical group [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
- A47C27/08—Fluid mattresses or cushions
- A47C27/086—Fluid mattresses or cushions with fluid-like particles, e.g. filled with beads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C21/00—Attachments for beds, e.g. sheet holders, bed-cover holders; Ventilating, cooling or heating means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses
- A47C21/04—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating
- A47C21/048—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating for heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C27/00—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas
- A47C27/12—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with fibrous inlays, e.g. made of wool, of cotton
- A47C27/124—Spring, stuffed or fluid mattresses or cushions specially adapted for chairs, beds or sofas with fibrous inlays, e.g. made of wool, of cotton with feathers, down or similar inlays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C31/00—Details or accessories for chairs, beds, or the like, not provided for in other groups of this subclass, e.g. upholstery fasteners, mattress protectors, stretching devices for mattress nets
- A47C31/004—Means for protecting against undesired influence, e.g. magnetic radiation or static electricity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
- B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B68G7/00—Making upholstery
- B68G7/06—Filling of cushions, mattresses, or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
- A61N2005/0659—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared
- A61N2005/066—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared far infrared
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、内燃機関用バルブシート材に係り、とくに強度、耐摩耗性が更に向上し、相手攻撃性が低い、ガス燃料エンジン用として好適な鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材に関する。 The present invention relates to a valve seat material for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly, to a valve seat material made of an iron-based sintered alloy suitable for a gas fuel engine, which has further improved strength and wear resistance and low counterattack properties.
ガソリンや軽油等の液体燃料を使用する内燃機関(エンジン)では、燃料や、燃焼生成物によってバルブとバルブシートとの潤滑性が保たれるため、バルブシートの摩耗がある程度抑制されている。しかし、LPGやCNG等のガス燃料を使用するエンジンでは、液体燃料を使用する場合と比べて、燃焼生成物が少なく、バルブとバルブシートとの間が金属接触となりやすく、バルブシートの摩耗が増大する傾向にある。このような状況から、ガス燃料エンジン用として、バルブシートの耐摩耗性の更なる向上が要望されていた。 In an internal combustion engine (engine) that uses liquid fuel such as gasoline or light oil, the lubricity between the valve and the valve seat is maintained by the fuel and the combustion products, so that the wear of the valve seat is suppressed to some extent. However, engines using gas fuels such as LPG and CNG have fewer combustion products than metal liquid fuels, making metal contact between the valve and the valve seat easier, and increasing wear on the valve seat. Tend to. Under such circumstances, there has been a demand for further improvement in wear resistance of valve seats for gas fuel engines.
バルブシートの耐摩耗性向上の手段としては、従来からバルブシートの基地中にFe−W系硬質粒子、Fe−Mo系硬質粒子や炭化物系硬質粒子等を多量に分散させる方法が用いられてきた。しかし、これら硬質粒子の分散量を多くすると、相手攻撃性が増大しバルブの摩耗が増加するという問題が生じる。
このような問題に対し、例えば、特許文献1には、基地成分としてC:0.5〜1.5重量%、Crおよび/またはV:合計で0.5〜10.0重量%、あるいはさらにNi、Co、Moよりなる群から選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素:合計で2.0〜20.0重量%、および残部Feが少なくとも含有されているとともに、コバルト基硬質粒子が26〜50重量%含有されている内燃機関用バルブシートが提案されている。特許文献1に記載された技術で製造されたバルブシートが、金属間接触摩耗の起き易い厳しい使用条件のガス燃料エンジン用として好適に使用できるとしている。
As a means for improving the wear resistance of the valve seat, a method of dispersing a large amount of Fe-W hard particles, Fe-Mo hard particles, carbide hard particles, etc. in the base of the valve seat has been used conventionally. . However, when the dispersion amount of these hard particles is increased, there arises a problem that the attacking property of the counterpart increases and the wear of the valve increases.
In order to solve such a problem, for example, in Patent Document 1, as a base component, C: 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, Cr and / or V: a total of 0.5 to 10.0% by weight, or a group consisting of Ni, Co, and Mo At least one element selected from: a total of 2.0 to 20.0 wt%, and a valve seat for an internal combustion engine that contains at least the balance Fe and 26 to 50 wt% of cobalt-based hard particles Has been. It is said that the valve seat manufactured by the technique described in Patent Document 1 can be suitably used for a gas fuel engine under severe use conditions in which contact wear between metals is likely to occur.
また、特許文献2には、全体組成が、適正量のC、Si、Cr、Ni、Mo、W、Co、Vを含み残部Feからなり、金属炭化物が分散した高速度工具鋼相、金属間化合物が分散したコバルト合金硬質相、Co−Ni−Mo−Cを含む鉄合金相およびコバルト合金硬質相が他の相に拡散した中間残りが、斑状に混在している組織を有する内燃機関用弁座材が提案されている。特許文献2に記載された技術によれば、弁座材の高温耐摩耗性が向上し、LPG内燃機関用弁座の長寿命化が図れるとしている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a high-speed tool steel phase in which the overall composition is made of the balance Fe, including appropriate amounts of C, Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, W, Co, and V, in which metal carbides are dispersed. A valve for an internal combustion engine having a structure in which a cobalt alloy hard phase in which a compound is dispersed, an iron alloy phase containing Co-Ni-Mo-C, and an intermediate residue in which a cobalt alloy hard phase diffuses into other phases are mixed in a patchy state Seating materials have been proposed. According to the technique described in Patent Document 2, the high temperature wear resistance of the valve seat material is improved, and the life of the valve seat for the LPG internal combustion engine can be extended.
また、特許文献3には、全体組成が、適正量のCo、Mo、Cr、V、Si、C、Niを含み残部Feからなり、ベイナイトまたはベイナイトとソルバイト、およびマルテンサイトとオーステナイトの混合組織中にMo珪化物よりなる硬質相を核としてその周囲にCoが拡散した拡散相が取り囲む硬質相が分散した金属組織を有する高負荷エンジン用バルブシート材が提案されている。特許文献3に記載された技術によれば、耐摩耗性が向上し、CNGエンジン等の高負荷エンジン用のバルブシート材として好適となるとしている。
最近のガス燃料用エンジンにおいては、エンジン性能の更なる向上が指向されており、それに伴いバルブシートの使用環境もさらに厳しいものとなっている。このため、使用されるバルブシートの強度や耐摩耗性の更なる向上が要求されている。しかしながら、上記した従来技術で製造されるバルブシートでは、このような要求に対し十分に満足できる特性を確保できていないという問題があった。 In recent gas fuel engines, further improvement in engine performance is aimed at, and the use environment of the valve seat is becoming more severe. For this reason, the further improvement of the intensity | strength and abrasion resistance of the valve seat to be used is requested | required. However, the valve seat manufactured by the above-described prior art has a problem that it is not possible to secure a sufficiently satisfactory characteristic for such a requirement.
本発明は、このような従来技術の問題を有利に解決し、ガス燃料エンジン用として厳しい使用環境下でも所定の強度を有し、しかも優れた耐摩耗性を維持できる、耐摩耗性に優れた内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材を提案することを目的とする。 The present invention advantageously solves such problems of the prior art, has a predetermined strength even under severe use environment for gas fuel engines, and can maintain excellent wear resistance, and has excellent wear resistance. The object is to propose a valve seat material made of an iron-based sintered alloy for an internal combustion engine.
本発明者らは、上記した課題を達成するために、耐摩耗性に影響する各種要因について鋭意検討した。その結果、ガス燃料用エンジンにおけるような厳しい使用環境下で強度と耐摩耗性を向上させるためには、基地相中に相手攻撃性の低い硬質粒子を多量分散させることが重要で、安定して基地中に多量の硬質粒子を分散させるためには、6.7g/cm3以上の密度と、350MPa以上の圧環強度を有する材料とする必要があることを知見した。これにより、硬質粒子が基地相から離脱することを防止でき、高強度と優れた耐摩耗性を厳しい使用環境下で長期間にわたり確保できることを知見した。本発明は、上記した知見に基づき、さらに検討を加えて完成されたものである。 In order to achieve the above-described problems, the present inventors diligently studied various factors that affect the wear resistance. As a result, in order to improve strength and wear resistance under harsh usage environments such as in gas fueled engines, it is important to disperse a large amount of hard particles with low opponent aggression in the base phase. In order to disperse a large amount of hard particles in the base, it has been found that a material having a density of 6.7 g / cm 3 or more and a crushing strength of 350 MPa or more is required. As a result, it has been found that hard particles can be prevented from detaching from the matrix phase, and that high strength and excellent wear resistance can be ensured over a long period of time in a severe use environment. The present invention has been completed based on the above findings and further studies.
すなわち、本発明の要旨はつぎのとおりである。
(1)鉄基焼結合金の基地相中に、硬質粒子を分散させてなる内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材であって、前記基地相が、質量%で、C:0.3〜1.5%と、Ni、Co、Mo、Cr、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を合計で1〜20%とを、含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる基地相組成を有し、前記硬質粒子として、Fe、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物、Co、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物、Ni、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物のうちの1種または2種以上を含み、ビッカース硬さで500HV0.1〜1200HV0.1の硬さを有する硬質粒子を、質量%で10〜60%含有し、6.7g/cm3以上の密度と、350MPa以上の圧環強さを有することを特徴とする内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材。
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) A valve seat material made of an iron-based sintered alloy for an internal combustion engine in which hard particles are dispersed in a base phase of an iron-based sintered alloy, wherein the base phase is in mass% and C: 0.3 to A base phase composition containing 1.5% and a total of 1 to 20% of one or more selected from Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, and V, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities And the hard particles include intermetallic compounds mainly composed of Fe, Mo, Si, intermetallic compounds mainly composed of Co, Mo, Si, and intermetallic compounds mainly composed of Ni, Mo, Si. Hard particles containing one or more of them, having a Vickers hardness of 500HV0.1 to 1200HV0.1 in 10% to 60% by mass, and having a density of 6.7 g / cm 3 or more An iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material for internal combustion engines, having a crushing strength of 350 MPa or more.
(2)(1)において、前記基地相が、質量%で、C:0.3〜1.5%と、Ni、Co、Moのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、あるいはさらに、Cr、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種を、合計で1〜20%含有することを特徴とする内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材。
(3)(1)または(2)において、前記硬質粒子が、Fe、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物、Co、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物、Ni、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物のうちの1種または2種以上を含む硬質粒子であって、質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、Cr、Ni、Co、Feのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を10〜70%を含み、残部不可避的不純物からなる組成を有することを特徴とする内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金バルブシート材。
(2) In (1), the matrix phase is, by mass%, C: 0.3 to 1.5%, one or more selected from Ni, Co, and Mo, or further Cr, V A valve seat material made of an iron-based sintered alloy for an internal combustion engine, containing 1 to 20% in total of one or two selected from among them.
(3) In (1) or (2), the hard particles are intermetallic compounds mainly composed of Fe, Mo, Si, intermetallic compounds mainly composed of Co, Mo, Si, Ni, Mo, Si Hard particles containing one or more of the intermetallic compounds whose main component is bismuth and containing, by mass%, Si: 1 to 15%, Mo: 20 to 60%, Cr, Ni, Co An iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material for an internal combustion engine having a composition comprising 10% to 70% of one or more selected from Fe and the balance of inevitable impurities.
(4)(3)において、前記硬質粒子が、質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、あるいはさらにCr:25%以下および/またはCo:10〜40%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のFe基硬質粒子、質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、あるいはさらにCr:5〜25%を含み、残部がCoおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のCo基硬質粒子、および質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、あるいはさらにCr:5〜25%および/またはCo:10%以下を含有し、残部がNiおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のNi基硬質粒子のうちのいずれかであることを特徴とする内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材。 (4) In (3), the hard particles contain, in mass%, Si: 1 to 15%, Mo: 20 to 60%, or Cr: 25% or less and / or Co: 10 to 40%. And Fe-based hard particles having a composition consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities in the balance, in mass%, including Si: 1 to 15%, Mo: 20 to 60%, or further including Cr: 5 to 25%, Co-based hard particles with the balance consisting of Co and inevitable impurities, and in mass%, Si: 1-15%, Mo: 20-60%, or Cr: 5-25% and / or Co: A valve seat material made of an iron-based sintered alloy for an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it contains 10% or less and the balance is any one of Ni-based hard particles having a composition consisting of Ni and inevitable impurities.
(5)(1)ないし(4)のいずれかにおいて、固体潤滑剤を、質量%で、0.2〜5%含有することを特徴とする内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材。
(6)(1)ないし(5)のいずれかにおいて、圧縮成形−焼結を2回繰り返す工程を経て、あるいは鍛造成形−焼結を行う工程を経て製造されてなることを特徴とする内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材。
(5) In any one of (1) to (4), the solid lubricant is contained in an amount of 0.2 to 5% by mass, and the valve seat material made of an iron-based sintered alloy for an internal combustion engine.
(6) In any one of (1) to (5), the internal combustion engine is manufactured through a process of repeating compression molding-sintering twice or a process of performing forging molding-sintering. Iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material.
本発明によれば、ガス燃料用エンジンにおけるような厳しい使用環境下においても、優れた強度とともに、優れた耐摩耗性を確保できるバルブシートを容易にしかも安定して製造でき、産業上格段の効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, it is possible to easily and stably manufacture a valve seat that can ensure excellent wear resistance as well as excellent strength even under severe use environment such as in a gas fuel engine, and a remarkable industrial effect. Play.
本発明のバルブシート材は、鉄基焼結合金の基地相中に、硬質粒子を分散させてなる内燃機関用鉄基焼結合金製バルブシート材である。以下、組成に関する質量%は単に%で記す。
本発明のバルブシート材では、基地相が、C:0.3〜1.5%と、Ni、Co、Mo、Cr、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を合計で1〜20%とを、含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる基地相組成を有する。
The valve seat material of the present invention is an iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material for internal combustion engines in which hard particles are dispersed in the base phase of the iron-based sintered alloy. Hereinafter, the mass% related to the composition is simply expressed as%.
In the valve seat material of the present invention, the base phase is C: 0.3 to 1.5%, and one or two or more selected from Ni, Co, Mo, Cr and V in total 1 to 20%. And having a matrix phase composition composed of the remaining Fe and inevitable impurities.
まず、基地相の組成限定理由について説明する。
C:0.3〜1.5%
Cは、焼結時の拡散を促進させるために添加されるが、基地中に固溶し、基地相の強度を増加させる元素であり、このような効果を得るために、0.3%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、1.5%を超えて含有すると、基地にセメンタイトが生成しやすくなるとともに、焼結時に液相が発生しやすくなり、組織の安定性が低下し、製品の寸法変化が大きくなる。このため、本発明では基地相中のCは0.3〜1.5%の範囲に限定した。
First, the reason for limiting the composition of the base phase will be described.
C: 0.3-1.5%
C is added to promote diffusion during sintering, but is an element that dissolves in the matrix and increases the strength of the matrix phase. Need. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 1.5%, cementite is likely to be generated in the matrix, and a liquid phase is likely to be generated during sintering, the stability of the structure is lowered, and the dimensional change of the product is increased. For this reason, in the present invention, C in the base phase is limited to a range of 0.3 to 1.5%.
Ni、Co、Mo、Cr、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上:合計1〜20%
Ni、Co、Mo、Cr、Vはいずれも、基地の耐摩耗性を向上させる元素であり、本発明では合計で1%以上の含有を必要とする。一方、合計で20%を超えて含有しても、効果が飽和し含有量に見合う効果が期待でできなくなり経済的に不利となる。なお、Ni、Co、Moは、Cr、Vに比べて、高温強度や靭性向上に対する効果が大きく、Ni、Co、Moのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を含有することが好ましい。このため、Ni、Co、Mo、Cr、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、好ましくはNi、Co、Moのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上、あるいはさらにCr、Vのうちから選ばれた1種または2種を合計で1〜20%に限定することが好ましい。
One or more selected from Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, V: Total 1-20%
Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, and V are all elements that improve the wear resistance of the matrix, and in the present invention, a total content of 1% or more is required. On the other hand, even if it contains more than 20% in total, the effect is saturated and an effect commensurate with the content cannot be expected and it is economically disadvantageous. Note that Ni, Co, and Mo have a greater effect on improving high-temperature strength and toughness than Cr and V, and preferably contain one or more selected from Ni, Co, and Mo. Therefore, one or more selected from Ni, Co, Mo, Cr and V, preferably one or more selected from Ni, Co and Mo, or even Cr, V It is preferable to limit 1 type or 2 types selected from 1 to 20% in total.
基地相における上記した成分以外の残部は、Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる。
本発明のバルブシート材は、上記した基地相組成を有する基地相中に、ビッカース硬さで500HV0.1〜1200HV0.1の硬さを有する硬質粒子を、質量%で10〜60%分散させた鉄基焼結合金で構成される。
硬質粒子は、耐摩耗性を確保するために基地相中に分散させるが、硬質粒子の硬さが500HV0.1未満では、所望の耐摩耗性を確保することができない。一方、1200HV0.1を超えて高くなると、相手攻撃性が増加する。このため、硬質粒子の硬さはビッカース硬さで500HV0.1〜1200HV0.1の範囲に限定した。基地相中に分散させる硬質粒子は、耐摩耗性、自己潤滑性、相手攻撃性の観点から、硬質粒子全体に対する質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、Cr、Ni、Co、Feのうちから選ばれた1種または2種以上を10〜70%を含んでなる組成を有する、Fe、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物、Co、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物、Ni、Mo、Siを主成分とする金属間化合物のうちの1種または2種以上を含む硬質粒子とする。
The balance other than the above components in the matrix phase is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the valve seat material of the present invention, hard particles having a Vickers hardness of 500 HV0.1 to 1200 HV0.1 are dispersed in a matrix phase having the matrix phase composition described above by 10 to 60% by mass. Consists of iron-based sintered alloy.
The hard particles are dispersed in the matrix phase in order to ensure wear resistance. However, if the hardness of the hard particles is less than 500 HV0.1, desired wear resistance cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1200HV0.1, the opponent aggression will increase. For this reason, the hardness of the hard particles is limited to the range of 500 HV0.1 to 1200 HV0.1 in terms of Vickers hardness. The hard particles dispersed in the matrix phase contain Si: 1 to 15%, Mo: 20 to 60% in terms of mass% with respect to the entire hard particles, from the viewpoint of wear resistance, self-lubricating property, and opponent attack, Cr An intermetallic compound containing Fe, Mo, Si as a main component, having a composition comprising 10 to 70% of one or more selected from Ni, Co, and Fe, Co, Mo, Si Hard particles containing one or more of intermetallic compounds containing Ni, Mo and Si as main components.
具体的には、本発明で基地相中に分散させる硬質粒子としては、硬質粒子全体に対する質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、あるいはさらにCr:25%以下および/またはCo:10〜40%を含み、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のFe基硬質粒子、硬質粒子全体に対する質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、あるいはさらにCr:5〜25%を含み、残部がCoおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のCo基硬質粒子、および硬質粒子全体に対する質量%で、Si:1〜15%、Mo:20〜60%を含み、あるいはさらにCr:5〜25%および/またはCo:10%以下を含み、残部がNiおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成のNi基硬質粒子のうちのいずれかあるいはそれらの複合とすることが好ましい。 Specifically, the hard particles to be dispersed in the matrix phase in the present invention include, by mass% with respect to the entire hard particles, Si: 1 to 15%, Mo: 20 to 60%, or Cr: 25% or less. And / or Co: 10-40% Fe-based hard particles having a composition consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, the mass% of the entire hard particles, Si: 1-15%, Mo: 20-60% In addition, or in addition, Cr: 5 to 25%, Co-based hard particles having a composition consisting of Co and inevitable impurities, and the mass% based on the whole hard particles, Si: 1 to 15%, Mo: 20 to 60 %, Or further, Cr: 5 to 25% and / or Co: 10% or less, the balance being Ni-based hard particles composed of Ni and inevitable impurities, or a composite thereof Is preferred.
基地相中に分散させる硬質粒子が、バルブシート材全体に対する質量%で10%未満では、目的とする耐摩耗性が確保できなくなる。一方、60%を超えて多量に含有すると、製造コストが高騰し経済的に不利となるうえ、成形性が劣化し、相手攻撃性が増加するとともに、基地との結合力が低下する。このため、本発明では硬質粒子はバルブシート材全体に対する質量%で10〜60%の範囲に限定した。 If the hard particles dispersed in the matrix phase are less than 10% by mass with respect to the entire valve seat material, the intended wear resistance cannot be ensured. On the other hand, if it is contained in a large amount exceeding 60%, the production cost is increased and it is economically disadvantageous, the moldability is deteriorated, the opponent aggression is increased, and the bond strength with the base is lowered. For this reason, in this invention, the hard particle was limited to the range of 10 to 60% by mass% with respect to the whole valve seat material.
また、本発明のバルブシート材には、切削性改善を目的として、固体潤滑剤を、バルブシート材全体に対する質量%で、0.2〜5%含有してもよい。固体潤滑剤を基地相中に分散させることにより、刃具の保護ができ、さらに切り込みの起点となり、切削性がさらに改善される。固体潤滑剤としては、MnS、MoS2等の硫化物、CaF2等の弗化物、MgSiO2等の酸化物が例示できる。固体潤滑剤が0.2%未満では、上記した効果が認められない。一方、5%を超えて多量に含有しても、強度の低下が生じる。このため、固体潤滑剤は質量%で0.2〜5%の範囲に限定することが好ましい。なお、より好ましくは0.5〜3%である。 Further, the valve seat material of the present invention may contain a solid lubricant in an amount of 0.2 to 5% by mass with respect to the entire valve seat material for the purpose of improving machinability. By dispersing the solid lubricant in the matrix phase, the cutting tool can be protected, and it becomes a starting point of cutting, and the machinability is further improved. As solid lubricant, MnS, sulfides such as MoS 2, fluorides such as CaF 2, oxides such MgSiO 2 can be exemplified. If the solid lubricant is less than 0.2%, the above-mentioned effects are not observed. On the other hand, even if the content exceeds 5%, the strength decreases. For this reason, it is preferable that the solid lubricant is limited to a range of 0.2 to 5% by mass. In addition, More preferably, it is 0.5 to 3%.
さらに、本発明のバルブシート材は、6.7g/cm3以上の密度と、350MPa以上の圧環強さを有することを特徴とする。なお、ここでいう「圧環強さ」は、JIS Z 2507の規定に準拠してもとめた値とする。
密度が6.7g/cm3 未満では、硬質粒子と基地との結合力が不足して、さらに耐摩耗性が低下して、ガス燃料エンジンの厳しい環境下における所望の耐摩耗性を確保することができなくなる。このため、密度を6.7g/cm3以上に限定した。なお、好ましくは6.8g/cm3以上である。
Furthermore, the valve seat material of the present invention is characterized by having a density of 6.7 g / cm 3 or more and a crushing strength of 350 MPa or more. The “crushing strength” referred to here is a value determined even in accordance with the provisions of JIS Z 2507.
When the density is less than 6.7 g / cm 3 , the bonding force between the hard particles and the base is insufficient, and the wear resistance is further lowered, so that the desired wear resistance in the severe environment of the gas fuel engine can be secured. become unable. For this reason, the density was limited to 6.7 g / cm 3 or more. The amount is preferably 6.8 g / cm 3 or more.
また、本発明では、硬質粒子と基地との結合力を向上させ、ガス燃料エンジンの厳しい環境下における所望の耐摩耗性を確保するために、圧環強さを350MPa以上とする。圧環強さが350MPa未満では、硬質粒子と基地との結合力が不足し、耐摩耗性が不足するうえ、バルブシート(製品)加工時に割れや欠け等が発生しやすくなる。なお、好ましくは450MPa以上である。 Further, in the present invention, the crushing strength is set to 350 MPa or more in order to improve the bonding force between the hard particles and the base and to ensure the desired wear resistance in the severe environment of the gas fuel engine. When the crushing strength is less than 350 MPa, the bonding force between the hard particles and the base is insufficient, wear resistance is insufficient, and cracks and chips are likely to occur during the processing of the valve seat (product). In addition, Preferably it is 450 MPa or more.
上記した本発明のバルブシート材は、上記した密度、圧環強さを安定して確保するために、圧縮成形−焼結を2回繰り返す工程を経て、あるいは鍛造成形−焼結を行う工程を経て製造されてなることが好ましい。
つぎに、本発明のバルブシート材の好ましい製造方法について説明する。
まず、原料粉として、上記した基地相組成となるように、純鉄粉に、合金元素粉としての、黒鉛粉末とさらにNi粉、Mo粉、Co粉のうちの1種以上、あるいはさらにCr粉、V粉のうちの1種以上、を上記した基地相組成となるように、配合し、さらに上記した硬さあるいはさらに上記した組成を有する硬質粒子粉末を上記した含有量となるように配合し、あるいはさらに固体潤滑剤粉末を上記した含有量となるように配合し、好ましくはさらには潤滑剤としてステアリン酸亜鉛等を配合し、混合、混練して混合粉とする。なお、本発明では、上記した基地相組成となるように、上記したように純鉄粉にそれら合金元素の粉末を所定量配合しても、それら元素を含有した低合金鋼粉末、合金鉄粉を所定量配合しても、あるいは両方を併用しても、いずれでもよい。
The valve seat material of the present invention described above undergoes a process of repeating compression molding-sintering twice or a process of performing forging molding-sintering in order to stably secure the above-described density and crushing strength. It is preferable to be manufactured.
Below, the preferable manufacturing method of the valve seat material of this invention is demonstrated.
First, as the raw material powder, pure iron powder, alloy powder, graphite powder and further one or more of Ni powder, Mo powder, Co powder, or further Cr powder so as to have the matrix phase composition described above. One or more of the V powders are blended so as to have the above-described matrix phase composition, and further, the above-described hardness or the hard particle powder having the above-described composition is blended so as to have the above-described content. Alternatively, a solid lubricant powder is blended so as to have the above-mentioned content, preferably zinc stearate or the like is blended as a lubricant, and mixed and kneaded to obtain a mixed powder. In the present invention, even if a predetermined amount of these alloying element powders is blended with pure iron powder as described above so as to have the matrix phase composition described above, low alloy steel powder and alloying iron powder containing these elements are included. May be blended in a predetermined amount, or both may be used in combination.
ついで、これら混合粉を、所定寸法のバルブシート状の金型に充填し、圧縮成形し仮焼結する一次圧縮成形−焼結工程を施して、一次焼結体とする。ついで、一次焼結体をさらに再圧縮成形し、ついで焼結する二次圧縮成形−焼結工程を施して焼結体(バルブシート材)とする、圧縮成形−焼結工程を2回繰返す工程とすることが好ましい。これにより、所望の密度、圧環強さを有する焼結体(バルブシート材)となる。 Subsequently, these mixed powders are filled in a valve seat-shaped mold having a predetermined size, subjected to a primary compression molding-sintering step of compression molding and pre-sintering to obtain a primary sintered body. Next, the compression-molding-sintering process is repeated twice. The compression-molding-sintering process is performed twice by subjecting the primary-sintered body to re-compression molding and then subjecting it to a secondary compression molding-sintering process. It is preferable that Thereby, it becomes a sintered compact (valve seat material) which has desired density and crushing strength.
なお、圧縮成形は、メカニカルプレス、油圧プレス等のプレス成形とすることが好ましい。また、焼結は、還元雰囲気中あるいは真空中で、好ましくは1100〜1200℃の温度域に加熱される処理とすることが好ましい。
また、本発明では、圧縮成形−焼結工程を2回繰返す工程に代えて、鍛造−焼結工程としてもよい。
The compression molding is preferably press molding such as a mechanical press or a hydraulic press. Sintering is preferably performed in a reducing atmosphere or in a vacuum, preferably in a temperature range of 1100 to 1200 ° C.
Moreover, in this invention, it is good also as a forging-sintering process instead of the process of repeating a compression molding-sintering process twice.
なお、得られた焼結体の空孔にPb、Cu、Zn等の低融点金属を溶浸させてもよい。低融点金属を空孔内に溶浸させることにより、耐摩耗性と相手材攻撃性を更に改善することができる。
得られた焼結体(バルブシート材)は、必要に応じ切削加工されて、製品であるバルブシートとされる。
Note that a low melting point metal such as Pb, Cu, or Zn may be infiltrated into the pores of the obtained sintered body. By infiltrating the low melting point metal into the pores, it is possible to further improve the wear resistance and the counterpart material attack.
The obtained sintered body (valve seat material) is cut as necessary to obtain a product valve seat.
以下、実施例に基づき、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, based on an Example, this invention is demonstrated in detail.
純鉄粉と合金元素粉とを、表1に示す基地相組成となるように、さらに表2に示す種類、硬さの硬質粒子を表1の含有量となるように、あるいはさらに表1に示す種類の固体潤滑剤を表1に示す含有量となるように、それぞれ配合し、さらに潤滑剤としてのステアリン酸亜鉛を配合し、V型混合機で混合・混練し混合粉とした。なお、潤滑剤としてのステアリン酸亜鉛の配合量は、純鉄粉、合金元素粉、硬質粒子および固体潤滑剤の合計量100重量部に対する重量部で、1.0重量部とした。 The pure iron powder and the alloy element powder have the matrix phase composition shown in Table 1, and the hard particles having the types and hardnesses shown in Table 2 have the contents shown in Table 1, or further in Table 1. Each of the types of solid lubricants shown was blended so as to have the contents shown in Table 1, and further zinc stearate as a lubricant was blended, and mixed and kneaded with a V-type mixer to obtain a mixed powder. The blending amount of zinc stearate as a lubricant was 1.0 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of pure iron powder, alloy element powder, hard particles and solid lubricant.
また、一部のバルブシート材では、純鉄粉と合金元素粉の一部に代えて、低合金粉A(Cr:3.0質量%、Mo:0.2質量%、V:0.3質量%、Bal.:Fe)、低合金粉B(Cr:1.0質量%、Mo:0.3質量%、Bal.:Fe)を用いた。
ついで、混合粉を金型に充填し、メカニカルプレス機で圧縮成形し、27φmm×22φmm×7.0mmのバルブシート状の成形体としたのち、仮焼結し、一次焼結体とした。さらに得られた一次焼結体を油圧プレスで仕上げ寸法(27φmm×22φmm×6.5mm)のバルブシート状に再圧縮成形したのち、再焼結を施し、焼結体とする圧縮成形−焼結工程を2回繰返した(2P2S)。なお、一部のシート材では1回圧縮成形−焼結工程(1P1S)後、鍛造し、焼結する鍛造−焼結工程(FS)を施した。なお、焼結は、還元雰囲気中の1160℃に加熱する、熱処理(焼結処理)とした。
Further, in some valve seat materials, instead of a part of pure iron powder and alloy element powder, low alloy powder A (Cr: 3.0 mass%, Mo: 0.2 mass%, V: 0.3 mass%, Bal .: Fe), low alloy powder B (Cr: 1.0 mass%, Mo: 0.3 mass%, Bal .: Fe) was used.
Next, the mixed powder was filled into a mold, compression-molded with a mechanical press machine, and formed into a 27? Mm x 22? Mm x 7.0mm valve seat shaped body, and then pre-sintered to obtain a primary sintered body. Furthermore, the primary sintered body obtained is recompressed into a valve seat with a finished size (27φmm × 22φmm × 6.5mm) using a hydraulic press, and then re-sintered to form a sintered body. Was repeated twice (2P2S). In some sheet materials, a forging-sintering step (FS) for forging and sintering was performed after a single compression molding-sintering step (1P1S). The sintering was a heat treatment (sintering treatment) in which heating was performed at 1160 ° C. in a reducing atmosphere.
得られた焼結体をバルブシート材として用いて、バルブシートを完成させた。得られたバルブシートについて、密度、圧環強さを測定するとともに、耐摩耗性を調査した。
密度は、アルキメデス法を用いて、また、圧環強さはJIS Z 2507の規定に準拠して求めた。また、耐摩耗性はつぎのような試験により評価した。
得られたバルブシートを、2000 CC、直列4気筒、4サイクル天然ガスエンジンに装着し、運転条件を6000 rpm/WOT(全開運転)とし、試験時間24hで行った。なお、相手バルブ材は耐熱鋼SUH35を母材としバルブフェース部にトリバロイを盛金したものとした。耐摩耗性は、排気側におけるバルブシートとバルブの摩耗後沈み量を測定して、評価した。
得られた結果を表3に示す。
A valve seat was completed using the obtained sintered body as a valve seat material. About the obtained valve seat, while measuring the density and the crushing strength, the wear resistance was investigated.
The density was determined using the Archimedes method, and the crushing strength was determined in accordance with the provisions of JIS Z 2507. The abrasion resistance was evaluated by the following test.
The obtained valve seat was mounted on a 2000 CC, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-cycle natural gas engine, the operating conditions were 6000 rpm / WOT (fully open operation), and the test time was 24 hours. The mating valve material was heat-resistant steel SUH35 as a base material and the valve face portion was plated with trivalloy. The wear resistance was evaluated by measuring the amount of sinking after wear of the valve seat and the valve on the exhaust side.
The obtained results are shown in Table 3.
本発明例はいずれも、ガス燃料エンジンにおける厳しい環境に晒される排気側でも、バルブシートおよび相手材であるバルブの摩耗量が少なく、耐摩耗性、相手攻撃性が改善されていることがわかる。 It can be seen that in all of the examples of the present invention, even on the exhaust side exposed to a severe environment in the gas fuel engine, the wear amount of the valve seat and the valve as the counterpart material is small, and the wear resistance and the opponent attack property are improved.
一方、本発明範囲を外れる比較例は、バルブシートの摩耗が多く、あるいはさらにバルブの摩耗が多くなり、耐摩耗性が劣化し、相手攻撃性が大きいことがわかる。 On the other hand, it can be seen that the comparative example outside the scope of the present invention has much wear on the valve seat, or more wear on the valve, resulting in deterioration in wear resistance and high opponent attack.
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JP2006046138A JP4584158B2 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-02-23 | Valve seat material made of iron-based sintered alloy for internal combustion engines |
BRPI0601392-9A BRPI0601392B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-03-22 | SINTERIZED IRON BASED BASE VALVE MATERIAL BASE FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
KR1020060026220A KR20060103155A (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2006-03-22 | Iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material for an internal combustion engine |
KR1020070139809A KR100868152B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2007-12-28 | Iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material for an internal combustion engine |
KR1020080054244A KR100939275B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2008-06-10 | Iron-based sintered alloy valve seat material for an internal combustion engine |
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JP2706561B2 (en) * | 1990-10-18 | 1998-01-28 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | Valve seat material for internal combustion engine and method of manufacturing the same |
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JPH0543913A (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1993-02-23 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Fe base sintered alloy valve seat with extremely low attackability against object |
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Also Published As
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KR20080058316A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
KR100868152B1 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
BRPI0601392B1 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
KR20080003763A (en) | 2008-01-08 |
KR100939275B1 (en) | 2010-01-29 |
JP4584158B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
KR20060103155A (en) | 2006-09-28 |
BRPI0601392A (en) | 2006-12-05 |
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