JP2006296274A - Core of cultured pearl, method for producing the same and method for culturing pearl by using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a practically low cost core of a cultured pearl, without requiring a special facility, harmless to producing shells, showing less rejection, and capable of widely improving yield, a method for producing the same and a method for producing the cultured pearl by using the same, and especially enable its mass production well by using an abalone of a univalve shell as the producing shell. <P>SOLUTION: This core for the cultured pearl consists of a calcinated and formed material of calcium carbonate, and has a high purity of the same. Also, the fine particles of waste shells, rejected pearls of the same quality or the same materials coated with a protein can be used. The culturing of the pearl is performed by sitting for attaching the carnosity 1b of the abalone 1 on a basket type attaching bed 7 hanged from a raft 2 into the sea, and inserting the core 11 and a section of mantle robe of the abalone into the gonad of the carnosity 1b in a suitably matured period and then holding for a long period. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a nucleus used for pearl farming, a method for producing the same, and a pearl farming method using the nucleus, and is particularly low-cost, does not require special equipment, is non-toxic to mother shellfish, has little rejection, and yield. The present invention relates to a high pearl culturing nucleus, a method for producing the same, and a pearl culturing method using the nucleus.

Pearl culture is manufactured by inserting a nucleus into a mother shell such as pearl oyster, culturing the mother shell for a certain period, and forming a pearl layer on the surface of the nucleus over a period of more than one year. In order to obtain high-quality pearls with good yield in aquaculture, the selection of the core to be inserted into the mother shell is an extremely important factor. In general, the core used for pearl culture is that it should not be toxic enough to kill the mother shellfish. The mother shellfish must not be rejected. It is necessary to satisfy various requirements such as high surface processing accuracy and that the material is tough. For this reason, conventionally cultured pearl nuclei have been widely used in which small spherical nuclei cut from Mississippi black butterfly shells and shells of shellfish are polished.
However, shellfish such as the dove shellfish depend on import first, and the wall thickness has its own limit, and the disadvantage is that the finishing process and yield are poor and the yield is low. Moreover, the yield as a product is as low as 50%. For this reason, there is “Patent Document 1”, which proposes a core technology that is artificially made using calcium phosphate as apatite. Calcium phosphate is an artificial apatite suitable for artificial bones, and the cultured shell of pearl oysters is carbonated. Since it is calcium, there was a problem that when it was used as a nucleus, rejection was high, yield was low, and implantation was low.
On the other hand, “Patent Document 2” has been proposed, which can solve the above-mentioned problems by using a core made of a molded body containing hydroxyapatite. In such a prior art, calcium nitrate and calcium phosphate are mixed so that the Ca / P atomic cost becomes 10/6, and reacted to precipitate amorphous hydroxyapatite, which is then heat-treated to form hydroxyapatite. Obtain a powder.
Then, the hydroxyapatite powder alone or a mixed powder obtained by mixing a pigment or calcium carbonate powder at a convenient blending ratio is subjected to high temperature and high pressure treatment at 800 ° C. and 1500 kgf / cm ² aid using a hot isostatic press (HIP) device. Thus, a dense nucleus having a porosity diameter of about several mm is obtained.
JP 7-163266 (all pages) JP 3-219817 (all pages)

However, in the prior art, in order to reduce the particle size of the powder, it is necessary to perform a molding process at a high pressure of about 1500 kgf / cm ² using a special apparatus called a hot isostatic press (HIP) apparatus. In addition, a very large amount of money is required, and since only a very small amount can be produced for one badge processing, there is a problem in manufacturing.
For this reason, attempts have been made to make the particle size possible by sintering, for example, at normal pressure. However, when the powder is molded at normal pressure, there is a problem in hardness, and the mother shell of seawater. It was extremely difficult to maintain and maintain the shape for a long time.

  The present invention was invented in view of the above circumstances, is practical, low-cost, does not require special equipment, is non-toxic to mother shellfish, has low rejection, and can greatly improve yield. It is an object of the present invention to provide a pearl culture nucleus, a method for producing the same, and a pearl culture method using the nucleus.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, the nucleus having a purity of less than 0.5% by weight. It is characterized in that it is formed from the above-mentioned calcium carbonate or a substance mainly composed of the calcium carbonate (hereinafter referred to as a calcium carbonate-based product).

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the calcium carbonate-based product is formed by firing and molding calcium carbonate.

  The invention of claim 3 is a core inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the core is formed by finely pulverizing, firing and molding a waste shell of a mother shell for pearl culture. It is characterized by that.

  Further, the invention of claim 4 is a nucleus inserted into the mother shell for pearl culture, and the nucleus is rejected from the pearl manufactured using the nucleus of any one of claims 1 to 3. It consists of goods.

  Further, the invention of claim 5 is a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, wherein the nucleus is formed by coating the nucleus of any one of claims 1 to 4 with a protein. Features.

  The invention of claim 6 is a core inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the core is abalone, pearl oyster shell, white butterfly shell, black butterfly shell, pink shellfish, shellfish shell, squid butterfly shell , Bamboo butterfly shells, crow shells and the like inserted into the mother shell.

  The invention of claim 7 is a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the nucleus consists of a combination of the nucleus of claims 1 to 4.

  The invention of claim 8 is a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the nucleus is a mixture of the nucleus of claim 7 and the finely ground body of the mother shell of claim 6. It consists of things.

  The invention of claim 9 is a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the nucleus consists of the nucleus of claim 7 or 8 coated with a protein. .

  The invention of claim 10 is characterized in that the protein coating of claims 5 and 9 comprises a surface layer forming agent formed by adding a small amount of chitin or conchiolin.

The invention of claim 11 is a method for producing a nucleus according to claim 2, wherein the method uses a discharge plasma sintering apparatus and is 800 ° C. or less, 30 MPa or less, normal pressure or 10 ⁻¹ Pa. It consists of what performs baking for a short time (5 minutes or less) in the following low vacuums.

  The invention of claim 12 is also provided. At the time of firing or after firing according to claim 11, coloring is performed by adding a pigment inorganic agent such as benigara (red pigment), vanadium yellow, cobalt blue, cobalt violet, and carbon-based ultrafine particles (black pigment). Features.

  The invention of claim 13 is a culture method for culturing pearls using abalone larvae or mature shellfish as a single shellfish, and the method hangs down on a floating body assembled in a cage shape. A first rework for seating the abalone flesh on the supported floor made of bamboo or resin in the cage, and a second covering the entire circumference of the cage with a mesh of 3 mm to 5 mm. A third procedure in which the nucleus of any one of claims 1 to 10 and the abalone mantle slice are transplanted and cured on the gonad in the flesh, and the grass is opened to open the seaweed The fourth procedure of inserting bait such as seaweed is performed and held for a long time.

  The invention of claim 14 is a culture method for cultivating pearls using a bivalve other than abalone as a mother shell, and the method is applied to the string body that is suspended and supported by a floating body assembled in a bowl shape. A first procedure for binding a bivalve juvenile or a mature shellfish, and a section of the bivalve mantle used with the nucleus of any one of claims 1 to 10 in the gonad of the flesh in the bivalve A second procedure for transplanting is performed and held for a long time.

  According to the pearl-cultivating nucleus of claim 1 of the present invention, the nucleus to be used is made of calcium carbonate or the main product which is the same as that of the mother shellfish, so that it is possible to obtain a pearl with good affinity and good yield. Moreover, although it is not found as "patent document", there is a known technique using calcium carbonate, but this calcium carbonate is not high in purity and as a result has a problem of low yield.

  In addition, according to the pearl cultivating cores of claims 2 and 3, the calcium carbonate-based product is a calcined product of calcium carbonate, so that the growth secretory product and collagen are easily attached and grow while producing a growth factor. In order to promote, the growth of pearls is fast, the assimilation is good and the yield is good. Further, pearl nuclei having a predetermined strength can be obtained even under atmospheric pressure because of firing molding, mass production is possible, and the size can be freely set.

  Moreover, according to the pearl culture nucleus of claim 4, the rejected product has a pearl layer made by itself, so that the landing is fast, the yield is high, and planned production and production prediction are possible.

  Further, according to the pearl culturing nucleus of claim 5, the affinity and the landing property can be improved by the protein coating, and the yield can be further improved.

  According to the pearl culture nucleus of claim 6, the nucleus of the present invention is applied to the abalone of the single shellfish and is applied to almost all of the mussel family and the mussel family, and the applicable range is extremely wide. There is no prior art applied to abalone.

  Moreover, according to the pearl culture nucleus of claims 7 to 10, the same effects as described above can be improved.

  Further, according to the method for producing a pearl cultivating nucleus of claim 11, calcium carbonate is decomposed at about 815 ° C. in the conventional technique, and calcium carbonate is decomposed in a long-time baking method using a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) apparatus or the like. Although it was difficult to obtain a dense molded body without decomposing, this problem can be solved and a high-quality pearl can be produced.

  In addition, according to the method for producing a pearl culturing nucleus of claim 12, the glossiness and color of the pearl can be freely changed by coloring, and a more beautiful pearl can be produced.

  Moreover, according to the pearl culturing method using the core of the present invention of claim 13, it is possible to cultivate beautiful pearls with high yield using abalone shellfish.

  Further, according to the pearl culture method using the core of the present invention of claim 14, it can be applied to almost all shellfish except abalone, and mass production and yield improvement can be achieved. In addition, shellfish other than abalone can be fed with seawater plactone and can be implemented at low cost.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the pearl culturing nucleus of the present invention, a method for producing the same, and a pearl culturing method using the nucleus will be described in detail.
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a material that increases the strength by directly processing the artificial spherical core and the molded core obtained by firing calcium carbonate, or by directly cutting the particle size or the plate shape. Moreover, since it is a finely pulverized and fired molded product of the mother shell, a pearl nucleus having a predetermined strength can be easily obtained even under normal pressure. Because it can be freely mass-produced and molded by calcining calcium carbonate, it can be formed freely from large balls and plate materials without the diameter being influenced by the mother shell material, so by culturing using this core, extremely high quality, In addition, pearls having no variation in shape of particle diameter can be obtained at low cost, and pearls with good yield that are compatible with cultured shellfish can be obtained.
Unlike the above-described conventional technique, the present invention is that calcium carbonate is the same material as the cultured mother shellfish and that it is not calcium phosphate in the artificial bone. Therefore, it does not feel as a foreign object, so the flooring property is extremely high. Furthermore, coating the protein surface on the surface of the nucleus in order to increase the affinity and the implantability also has the effect of enhancing the implantability.
Further, the present invention is molded from a calcium carbonate fired product, but may be a core formed by firing and molding a finely pulverized material of mother shell waste shells, and further, a rejected product of cultured pearl itself may be used as a core. go inside.

Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below in an illustrative manner. However, the material, shape, temperature, etc. of the core element described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but merely illustrative examples, unless otherwise specified. . The present invention is mainly composed of a core formed by calcining and molding calcium carbonate, and a finely pulverized material of mother shellfish or a mixed fired product of both may be used, or a core having improved implantation by protein film coating, and further rejected. It is also possible to cultivate pearls into new products with pearls as the core.
When calcining calcium carbonate, or after generation, pigment inorganic agents such as benigara (red pigment), vanadium yellow, cobalt blue, cobalt violet, and carbonated ultrafine particles (black pigment) may be added to produce a coloring effect.
Next, the yield of the molded product can be further improved by making the core of the molded article further have a protein coating to improve the affinity to the mother shellfish and the landing ability. This is a surface layer forming agent formed by adding a small amount of chitin and conchiolin. Also, rejected pearls are useless or useless, but using this defective product again as a nucleus does not require initial coating or implantation time as a core, and does not require affinity and protein. Coating, chitin, and conchiolin are also included, and play a role in nuclear recycling.
Conventional pearl yield is 50%, which is very low in productivity and must be effective. From the aquaculture test on pearl oysters according to the present invention, a good quality with a yield of 85% or more was expected.

  Next, a pearl culture method using the pearl culture nucleus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In this example, abalone 1 (FIGS. 4 and 5) is used as a mother shell. First, the ridge 2 shown in FIG. 1 is created in advance and floated on the sea surface 3 (FIG. 2). As shown in the figure, the kite 2 is made up of wood 2a assembled vertically and horizontally in the form of a lattice and a float 2b that is fixed around this and floats the kite 2 on the sea surface 3. As shown in FIG. 2, a cage 4 is suspended from the wood 2a. As shown in FIG. 3A, the cage 4 is composed of a box 6 that surrounds the entire inner space 5, and is made of, for example, bamboo or synthetic resin. A landing 7 shown in FIG. 3B is arranged on the bottom side of the cage 4. The landing 7 is formed of a semicircular hollow body, and is held on the bottom side of the box 6 with the semi-arc-shaped portion facing upward on the upper side. In addition, the landing 7 consists of what forms the missing part 8 in the intermediate part, and is trying to improve the circulation | circulation property of seawater. Further, the entire peripheral surface of the box 6 is encapsulated with a net 9 shown in FIG. The net 9 is made of a mesh of 3 mm to 5 mm, and prevents intrusion of fish and foreign matters into the box 6.

  FIG. 4 shows the abalone 1 seated on the floor 7. The abalone 1 is composed of a single shell, and is composed of a shell portion 1a of the outer shell and a flesh body 1b fixed to the lower surface side. Since the fleshy body 1b has adhesiveness, it adheres on the landing 7 with the tentacles 10 protruding outward.

  The abalone 1 may be a juvenile shell or a mature shellfish, but the above-described pearl culture nucleus 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as the nucleus 11) is inserted when the flesh 1b is matured. In addition, weeds such as seaweed and seaweed are regularly supplied until they mature. Usually, the core 11 is formed into a spherical body and is easily inserted into the fleshy body 1b. The insertion position is the gonad 12 or its vicinity as shown in FIG. In addition, a core 13 mantle shell segment 13 is inserted together with the core 11 so as to improve the aquaculture effect.

  After the insertion of the nucleus 11 etc., the bait is continuously inserted and cured in the sea as calm as possible. Usually, after inserting the nucleus 11 or the like, it is allowed to stand for one to several years, so that a desired pearl is cultivated based on the nucleus 11 to become a finished product.

  This example shows a pearl culture method in the case where a bivalve other than abalone 1 is used as a mother shell. Examples of bivalves include pearl oyster shellfish, white butterfly shell, black butterfly shell, pink shellfish, mabe shellfish, squid butterfly shell, bamboo butterfly shell, and crow shellfish. It also applies to shellfish. As shown in FIG. 6, these shells 14 are coupled to a string body 15 that is suspended and supported by the ridge 2 and are held in the sea. Since the shell 14 is a bivalve and the flesh 14b is trapped by the shell 14a, it is not necessary to use the net 9 as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the food of these shells 14 is plankton of seawater and does not require special food.

  FIG. 7 shows a method of inserting the core 11 into the shell 14 and the outer shell slice 13 of the mother shell. When the flesh 14b matures, the shell 14a of the shell 14 is opened, the nucleus 11 and the slice 13 are inserted into the reproductive part 12 of the flesh 14b, and the shell 14a is closed. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the core 11 and the slice 13 may be stuck to the back side of the shell portion 14a using a harmless inorganic glue to close the shell portion 14a. By leaving it in this state for a long time (1 to several years), a desired pearl is cultured and formed based on the core 11.

  The various nuclei, the production method thereof, and the pearl culturing method using the nuclei have been described above. Of course, the nuclei are not limited to the above contents, and those of the same technical category are of course applied.

  Although this invention demonstrated pearl culture, a pearl is applicable not only to a spherical body but to culture | cultivation of the thing of various shapes, The utilization range is wide.

The schematic diagram which shows the cocoon used at the time of the pearl cultivation of this invention. The schematic diagram which shows the cage | float floating on the sea surface, and the cage | basket-like body which droops and is supported by this and accommodates a mother shellfish etc. inside. The schematic diagram (a) which shows the detailed structure of a cage | basket-like body, The schematic perspective view (b) and (c) which shows landing and a net | network. The schematic diagram which shows the seating state of the abalone seated on the floor in the cage. The schematic diagram which shows the landing state of the nucleus etc. in abalone. The schematic diagram which shows the pearl culture state using bivalves other than abalone. The schematic diagram which shows the seating state of the nucleus etc. to a bivalve. The schematic diagram which shows the sticking state of the nucleus etc. to a bivalve.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Abalone 1a Shell part 1b Flesh body 2 Coral 2a Wood 2b Floating 3 Sea surface 4 Basket-like body 5 Internal space 6 Box body 7 Landing 8 Missing part 9 Net 10 Tentacle 11 Nucleus (Pearl culture nucleus)
12 gonad 13 section 14 shell 14a shell 14b flesh body 15 string

Claims (14)

  A core that is inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the core is mainly composed of calcium carbonate having a purity of less than 0.5% by weight or less (hereinafter referred to as a calcium carbonate-based product). ) For forming pearl cultures.   The pearl cultivating core according to claim 1, wherein the calcium carbonate-based product is formed by firing and molding calcium carbonate.   A core for pearl culture, wherein the core is inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, and the core is formed by finely pulverizing, firing and molding a waste shell of a mother shell for pearl culture. .   A pearl inserted into a mother shell for pearl culturing, the nuclei comprising a rejected pearl produced using the nucleus according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Aquaculture core.   A nucleus for pearl culture, which is a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, wherein the nucleus is obtained by coating the nucleus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 with a protein.   A core inserted into a mother shell for pearl farming, such as abalone, pearl oyster, white butterfly, black butterfly, pink shell, mabe shell, squid butterfly, bamboo butterfly, crow shell, etc. The pearl culture nucleus according to claim 1, wherein the pearl culture nucleus is inserted into the mother shell.   A core for pearl culture, which is a core inserted into a mother shell for pearl culture, wherein the core is a combination of the cores of claims 1 to 4.   A pearl inserted into a mother shell for pearl culturing, the nucleus comprising a mixture of the nucleus of claim 7 and a finely pulverized body of the mother shell of claim 6 Aquaculture core.   A nucleus for pearl culture, which is a nucleus inserted into a mother shell for pearl cultivation, wherein the nucleus is formed by coating the nucleus of claim 7 or 8 with a protein.   A pearl cultivating nucleus, wherein the protein coating of claim 5 or 9 comprises a surface layer forming agent to which a small amount of chitin or conchiolin is added. 3. The method for producing a nucleus according to claim 2, wherein the method uses a discharge plasma sintering apparatus for a short time at a low vacuum of 800 ° C. or lower, 30 MPa or lower, normal pressure or 10 ⁻¹ Pa or lower (5 A method for producing pearl culturing nuclei, characterized in that the pearl cultivating nuclei are characterized by comprising:   At the time of firing or after firing according to claim 11, coloring is performed by adding a pigment inorganic agent such as bengara (red pigment), vanadium yellow, cobalt blue, cobalt violet, carbon-based ultrafine particles (black pigment). A method for producing a core for pearl culture.   A method for culturing pearls using abalone larvae or mature shellfish as a mother shell, the method comprising: bamboo in a cage that is suspended by a floating body assembled in a cage shape; A first rework for seating the abalone on the resin floor, a second procedure for enclosing the entire circumference of the cage with a mesh of 3 mm to 5 mm, and reproduction within the flesh A third procedure for transplanting and curing the nucleus of any one of claims 1 to 10 and the abalone mantle piece to the nest, and a step of inserting food such as seaweed and seaweed by opening the net 4. A method for cultivating pearls, wherein the procedure of 4 is performed and held for a long time.   A method for cultivating pearls using a bivalve other than abalone as a mother shell, wherein the method ties the bivalve or mature shellfish to a string that is suspended by a floating body assembled in a cage shape. A first procedure for wearing, and a second procedure for transplanting the nucleus of any of claims 1 to 10 and the used mantle slice of the bivalve to a gonad in the flesh in the bivalve. A method for culturing pearls characterized in that it is performed and held for a long time.

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