JP2006289288A - Method for detoxifying pole-mounted transformer including pcb-mixed insulating oil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detoxifying a pole-mounted transformer, in which the pole-mounted transformer including PCB-mixed insulating oil is disassembled safely without compelling a worker to work in a PCB atmosphere, components of the disassembled transformer are sorted by members and each of sorted members is recycled as resources. <P>SOLUTION: The method for detoxifying the pole-mounted transformer, in which the pole-mounted transformer including PCB-mixed insulating oil is disassembled/sorted and each of sorted members is detoxified by multistage cleaning and recycled as resources, comprises a step (a) of withdrawing PCB-mixed insulating oil from the pole-mounted transformer including PCB-mixed insulating oil, a step (b) of disassembling/sorting the oil-withdrawn pole-mounted transformer into a case, metals, a thunder-resistant element, an insulator, electrical wires, a core and other members, a step (c) of disassembling/sorting the core into an iron core and a coil, a step (d) of primarily cleaning, secondarily cleaning and drying each of sorted members, a step (e) of suitably sorting each of sorted members and reducing the volume of each of them and a step (f) of judging the cleanliness of each of the cleaned members and cleaning each of uncleaned members again. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention extracts PCB oil from equipment using low-concentration PCB-mixed insulating oil (hereinafter referred to as PCB oil), disassembles the equipment from which PCB oil has been extracted, and cleans the disassembled parts. In addition, the present invention relates to a processing method for recycling a member constituting a part as a recycling resource. More specifically, after extracting PCB oil from a pole transformer (hereinafter referred to as transformer or transformer) containing insulating oil mixed with PCB, the component parts of the transformer parts are disassembled, cut, washed, and the like. It is related with the processing method for separating into a container, a metal, an insulator, an iron core, copper, paper, PCB oil, etc., and recycling it.

PCB has excellent chemical stability, is not easily decomposed by heat, is not easily oxidized, is stable to acids and alkalis, hardly corrodes metals, is extremely insoluble in water, has good electrical insulation, high boiling point, nonflammability, etc. Therefore, for high-voltage transformers, high-voltage capacitors, low-voltage transformers and capacitors (home appliances, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, etc.), low-voltage transformers (6 kVA or less), insulating oil for pole transformers, etc. Has been used. However, the toxicity of PCBs to the human body became apparent, and by 1974, the use in manufacturing, importing and open systems was prohibited. In 1992, waste PCBs, waste oil containing PCBs and PCB contaminants were designated as specially controlled industrial wastes based on the “Waste Management Law” and required to be stored at business establishments. A considerable number of devices are stored at offices.
Furthermore, according to the “Special Measures Law for Promotion of Proper Treatment of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Waste”, it became obligatory to treat PCB, waste oil containing PCB, etc. within 15 years. As a result, the PCB that has been safely stored in the storage location is in a state where detoxification processing has begun in accordance with the Waste Disposal Law (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).

However, the following problems remain in the detoxification process for the components of the PCB-containing device.
For example, the transformer is composed of a case and a core, and the core is composed of an iron core and a coil. It is not preferable to incinerate the coil to which the PCB oil adheres when recycling the coil components, because toxic gas is generated from the insulating oil and causes air pollution. In order to recycle the coil to which the PCB oil is adhered without incineration, it is necessary to perform a cleaning operation or vacuum heating and deaeration in order to remove the PCB oil from the coil. However, since the PCB oil is infiltrated into the coil, it is difficult to completely remove the PCB oil even if the transformer is washed or vacuum-heated and degassed as it is. Further, in order to completely remove PCB oil from the core, it is necessary to first perform a disassembly work to separate the iron core and the coil, and individually clean the iron core and the coil or perform a vacuum heating deaeration process. .

  A typical pole transformer is shown in FIG. 2 (a) is a partially cutaway plan view of a pole transformer, FIG. 2 (b) is a partially cutaway front view of the pole transformer, and FIG. 2 (c) is one of the pole transformers. It is a part notch side view. In the description of each drawing, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 2, the transformer includes a container (case) 201, a lid (cover) 202, a metal such as a bolt and nut 203, a lightning protection element 204, an insulator 205, an electric wire 206, an iron core 207, a coil 208, a gantry ( (Metal) 209, band (metal) 210, tap stand (insulator) 211, insulating oil 212, and the like.

  When recycling the transformer components, it is necessary to perform a process such as cleaning or vacuum heating and degassing for each of the above-mentioned components. For this purpose, it is necessary to disassemble and separate the transformer into the above-mentioned components. There is. However, since a certain amount of PCB is vaporized even at room temperature, it is difficult to completely remove the vaporized PCB from the work environment from the technical and economic viewpoints, and the safety of workers may not be sufficiently secured. was there. Further, if all the dismantling work of the transformer is performed manually, the worker is not only contaminated with the PCB oil, but the work time becomes enormous, and the burden on the worker and the cost are large.

  Patent Documents 1 to 4 disclose various harmless processing methods for PCB-containing devices. However, any of the methods described in Patent Documents 1, 3 and 4 requires cleaning the transformer body before disassembling the transformer, and in a preferred embodiment of the method described in Patent Document 2, It is required to cool to −70 ° C. or lower before crushing, and it takes time for the treatment, and necessary facilities must be provided, which is costly.

JP-A-9-79531 JP 2000-140817 A JP 2001-246014 A JP 2002-143825 A

  The present invention allows a worker to safely dismantle a pole transformer containing insulating oil mixed with PCB without separating it from working in a PCB atmosphere, separate the disassembled parts into members, and recycle each member into resources. It aims at providing the detoxification processing method of a pole transformer.

  Insulating oil for high-pressure transformers has a PCB concentration of about 60% and trichlorobenzene of about 40%, and the PCB concentration is high. On the other hand, the PCB concentration of the insulating oil for the pole transformer is several tens of ppm or less. Based on this fact, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies, and as a result, the treatment of low-concentration PCB oil can be performed by a method different from the treatment of high-concentration PCB oil. The knowledge that it is reasonable and can be processed at low cost was obtained. The present invention has been made based on such findings.

That is, the present invention
(1) It is a detoxification processing method for a pole transformer that separates and dismantles pole transformers containing insulating oil mixed with PCB, detoxifies each member, and recycles them.
(A) A step of draining the PCB mixed insulating oil from the pole transformer containing the PCB mixed insulating oil,
(B) a step of separating and disassembling the pole transformer into a case, a metal, a lightning protection element, an insulator, an electric wire, a core, and other members,
(C) a step of further separating and disassembling the core into an iron core and a coil;
(D) Steps of primary cleaning, secondary cleaning, and drying of each of the disassembled members,
(E) a step of appropriately separating and reducing the volume of each member described above,
(F) A detoxifying treatment method for a pole transformer, comprising a step of determining and washing each member after washing,
(2) A method for detoxifying a pole transformer that separates and dismantles pole transformers containing insulating oil mixed with PCBs, detoxifies each member, and recycles them.
(A) A step of draining the PCB mixed insulating oil from the pole transformer containing the PCB mixed insulating oil,
(B) a step of separating and disassembling the pole transformer into a case, metal, lightning protection element, insulator, electric wire, core, and wood, packing, press board, and other members;
(C) a step of separating and disassembling the lightning-resistant element into metal and insulators and elements;
(D) a step of further separating and separating the insulator into an insulator part and an electric wire;
(E) cutting the winding of the core and further separating and disassembling into an iron core and a coil;
(F) cutting the iron core, correcting the iron core curvature, performing a V-shaped press treatment, and cleaning the obtained iron core plate with a cleaning device;
(G) After removing the wood from the coil, the coil is washed with a washing device, crushed, separated into copper and paper with a specific gravity sorter, and the copper is secondarily washed with the washing device, Compressing and reducing the volume,
(H) a step of cleaning the case, metal, insulator, electric wire, wood, packing, press board and other members with a cleaning device,
(I) A method for detoxifying a pole transformer, comprising a step of determining and cleaning the cleaned case, metal, insulator, iron core plate, and copper with a cleaning device for each member. ,

(3) Each member is stored in a transport container to which an identifier is assigned for each member, the identifier information given to the transport container is collated with the processing reservation registration of the management system, Alternatively, the process for detoxifying a pole transformer according to the item (1) or (2), wherein each process is carried by an automatic carrier.
(4) In each of the above-described cleaning steps, cleaning is performed using a hydrocarbon-based cleaning agent or an organic solvent of the second petroleum or the third petroleum, and the used cleaning agent is purified by a distillation regenerator and printed on the PCB. (1) to (3), the detoxification method for a pole transformer according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the mixed insulating oil is separated and recovered, and the cleaning agent is used repeatedly.
(5) The opening of each processing apparatus used in each of the above steps is surrounded by a hood, the inside of the hood is sucked under negative pressure, and the atmosphere is circulated through an activated carbon filter (1) to (4) Detoxification method for pole transformers according to any one of the above,

(6) In the process where exhaust is generated among the above processes, the PCB vapor content is reduced to a concentration lower than the environmental regulation value using a condenser, a local exhaust suction device and an activated carbon filter, and exhausted. (1) The detoxification method for a pole transformer according to any one of (1) to (5), and (7) the cleaning device or the distillation regeneration device includes a PCB leakage detection device and an oil pan. The present invention provides a method for detoxifying a pole transformer according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein each of the devices is operated under reduced pressure.
In step (2), either step (c) or step (d) may be performed first, and steps (e) to (g) are performed after step (b). It may be performed before step (h) and may be performed before step (c) or (d).

The primary purpose of the present invention is to remove the PCB itself, but in the process of removal, the rationality of the process, the ease of work, the high safety of the workers, the evaporation of harmful substances from the equipment. Prevention, exhaust treatment, safe solvent application, solvent recovery, low running cost, consideration of the surrounding environment such as odor, sufficient processing capacity, transportation and other processing automation, parts recycling, recycling High consideration is given to all aspects such as cost recovery, and PCB-containing insulating oil transformers that have been stored for many years are processed, and recycled as industrial waste and valuable metals, copper, insulators, etc. It is an effective method.
That is, the method of the present invention can safely detoxify a pole transformer in which low-concentration PCB-containing insulating oil has been used at low cost, and can recycle the members constituting the parts. .

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
As mentioned above, transformers are composed of various parts such as containers, metals (including bolts and nuts), lightning protection elements, insulators, electric wires, iron cores, coils, paper, wood, packing and press boards. (See FIG. 2). In the method of the present invention, these parts / members are separated and disassembled, cleaned and rendered harmless, and each member is recycled.

A flow chart of one preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention preferably includes the following steps.
(1) Acceptance process 101
(2) Drying step 102
(3) Storage process 103
(4) Oil removal / disassembly step 104
(5) Cleaning step 105
(6) Core processing step 106
(7) Determination washing process 107
(8) Judgment waiting storage process 108
(9) Discharge / storage process 109
(10) Exhaust treatment process (not shown)
In addition to these steps, it is preferable to include a cleaning agent regeneration step, a step of treating paper, wood, packing, etc., and a PCB oil detoxification treatment step.

Each of the steps from the above (4) oil draining / disassembling step to (8) determination waiting storage step is boxed or hooded, and the outside air and the working atmosphere are shut off. (8) It is preferable that air is supplied from the downstream side of the determination waiting storage step, and (4) the working atmosphere is cleaned with a suction device such as a blower installed on the upstream side of the oil draining / disassembling step.
In addition, (4) Oil draining / dismantling process and (9) Discharge / storage process from the container or basket to the identification number is assigned and registered in the management system. (4) Oil draining / dismantling From the process to the (9) payout / storage process, it is preferable that the transport and work of each process be performed under the control of the management system.
Below, the preferable aspect of each process is demonstrated, referring FIG.

(1) Acceptance process 101
The transformer carried into the processing factory from the storage location by truck or the like is subjected to an acceptance process in the acceptance process 101.
When the truck enters the cargo receiving room and stops at the designated location, it is unloaded with an overhead crane or the like with a dedicated transfer hand attached and loaded onto an empty pallet placed at the designated location of the receiving device. The transformer is given an identifier such as a barcode that can identify the transformer that has been carried in. The barcode is read by a dedicated terminal, and acceptance information is input to the management system.
Transformer identification is not particularly limited, as long as it is a perforated code, binary code, numeric code, symbol code, etc. that does not stick to barcodes and has the necessary number of digits to enable the transformer to be identified Good.
Further, the identification number is not given at the time of acceptance, but may be given at a necessary time.

(2) Drying step 102
The accepted transformer is sent to a drying process 102 where raindrops and the like adhering to the outer surface are dried by a dryer in order to avoid intrusion of water into the process due to rain or the like during rainy weather.
The purpose of the drying process 102 is to prevent water from entering the treatment process. If the water can be prevented from entering the process, the operation in the drying process 102 can be omitted. The dryer used here is not a special one as long as it can dry the moisture on the surface of the transformer.
The transformer after drying of moisture on the outer surface of the transformer is automatically transferred to the storage process 103 under the control of the management system for the purpose of measuring the uniformity of the production load.

(3) Storage process 103
The transformer transported to the storage process 103 is stored in the receiving storage at the designated address under the control of the management system.
The receiving storage is preferably a first-in / first-out storage, and a stacker crane or the like is used for transfer.
The entire process is controlled by a management system. The management system does not need to be a special system, and a normal management system is used. The transformer is carried out from the storage process 103 to the oil draining / dismantling process 104 under the control of the management system by an automatic transfer device such as a conveyor based on the processing reservation scheduled by the management system.
The automatic transfer device is not particularly limited, and may be a belt conveyor, a roller conveyor, a self-propelled carriage, a lifter, an elevator, a transfer device, etc., as long as it can be controlled by a management system, and a special automatic transfer device is necessary. do not do.

(4) Oil removal / disassembly step 104
The oil draining / disassembling step 104 is performed at a dismantling place where the airflow is controlled and the atmosphere is cleaned. Since the PCB mixed insulating oil used in the pole transformer has a low PCB concentration, it is not necessary to clean the inside of the transformer body after oil draining, and can be disassembled immediately after oil draining. The transformer can be dismantled manually because the PCB concentration is low, but it is preferable to automate in consideration of worker safety, work efficiency, cost, and the like.
First, the PCB mixed insulating oil 10 is drained from the pole transformer containing the PCB mixed insulating oil. The deoiled PCB oil 10 is temporarily stored in the tank in the process together with the insulating oil separated by the distillation regenerator, transferred by a pump or the like at the request of the PCB oil processing process, and decomposed in the processing process 129 of the transfer destination. And detoxified.

Subsequently, the pole transformer is separated and disassembled into a case (container) 1, a metal 2, a lightning protection element 3, an insulator 4, an electric wire 5, a core, and wood / packing / press board and other members 9.
Further, the lightning protection element 3 is disassembled, the metal cage containing the ceramic element is efficiently removed, and is separated into the metal 2, the insulator and the element 4 (hereinafter simply referred to as insulator) (step 111). ). The lightning protection element 3 can be disassembled by any method.

  Moreover, since the cable which penetrates the center of an insulator is fixed with the epoxy resin about the insulator 4, this is removed efficiently, and it separates and disassembles into the insulator component 4 (henceforth only insulator) and the electric wire 5 ( Step 112). The insulator 4 can be disassembled by any method.

The container 1, metal 2, insulator / element 4, electric wire 5, and wood / packing / press board and other members 9 separated and disassembled as described above are separately stored in dedicated transport containers (for example, baskets). .
An identifier is appropriately given to each of the sorted members by a bar code or the like, and is input to the management system. Under the control of the management system, it is preferable to collate the information of the identifier given to the transport container with the processing reservation registration of the management system and transport each process or each process by an automatic transport machine. The identifier may be given as needed before the transport container is used or when a member is inserted.

(5) Cleaning step 105
Containers, metal, insulators, electric wires, wood, packing, pressboards and other members separated and stored in each transport container are respectively transferred to the cleaning process 105 by an automatic transport machine such as a belt conveyor under the control of the management system. Automatically transported and cleaned.
Cleaning is performed efficiently in accordance with the characteristics of the member by combining unit steps of immersion, ultrasonic cleaning, steam cleaning, and vacuum drying under reduced pressure in any order and time under the control of the management system. For example, it can be performed by a multi-stage cleaning method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-73936.

  Specifically, the immersion cleaning is a method of dissolving and removing contaminants such as PCBs by immersing an object in a cleaning solution stored in a cleaning tank for a predetermined time. In the immersion cleaning, a cleaning liquid (solvent) supplied to the cleaning tank is used. As the cleaning liquid (solvent), a cleaning liquid suitable for the degree of contamination of the object to be cleaned and the type of PCB to be removed can be selected from hydrocarbon-based cleaning liquids (for example, normal paraffin-based cleaning liquids). The immersion cleaning means is preferably provided with a cleaning tank and a device (for example, a distillation device) for regenerating the solvent containing the collected PCB. By providing the solvent regeneration device, the amount of new solvent used (the amount of solvent to be replenished) can be reduced. The solvent cleaning means is preferably installed at a position lower than the cleaning tank. With this arrangement, the solvent can be caused to flow down to the solvent cleaning means by gravity when draining the liquid into the cleaning tank, and equipment such as a pump can be omitted. From the viewpoint of decontamination efficiency, it is preferable to increase the cleaning effect by irradiating an object to be cleaned in the basket with ultrasonic waves during the immersion cleaning.

The steam cleaning will be described. First, steam obtained by evaporating the cleaning liquid is introduced into the cleaning tank. At this time, by setting the temperature of the cleaning object to be equal to or lower than the vapor condensation temperature, the steam of the cleaning liquid is condensed on the cleaning object. A method of dissolving and removing contaminants such as PCB attached to the surface of the object with this condensate is called steam cleaning. At the time of condensation, it has the effect of moving the latent heat of condensation possessed by the steam to the object, so it also has the effect of heating the object.
The vapor cleaning means has means for flowing the evaporated and evaporated cleaning liquid into the cleaning tank in addition to the means for flowing the cleaning liquid directly from the immersion cleaning into the cleaning tank. A steam cleaning means (steam generator or the like) for supplying heat necessary for evaporating and evaporating the cleaning liquid is installed in the middle of the pipe from the immersion cleaning to the cleaning tank. As a heat source supplied to the steam generator, a heat medium such as water vapor or heating oil can be appropriately used.

  Vacuum drying is used to depressurize the inside of the cleaning tank. As the vacuum pump, a pump satisfying the conditions to be used (the resistance of the pump to the cleaning liquid, the required degree of vacuum, etc.) can be appropriately selected. Further, it is preferable to use a plurality of vacuum pumps so as to reach the required degree of vacuum more efficiently. Before and after the vacuum drying, it is preferable to install a cooler for cooling the gaseous cleaning solvent (cleaning liquid). The solvent or PCB liquefied by the cooler can be sent to the solvent cleaning means to recycle the solvent, and by reducing the amount of gaseous PCB, it is possible to reduce the load on the exhaust processing at the subsequent stage. .

  As the cleaning agent used in the cleaning process, one or a plurality of mixed liquids selected from hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents selected from the second petroleums or the third petroleums and organic solvents can be used. Selected in consideration of sex and economy. The cleaning agent after use can be purified by a regenerator such as an atmospheric pressure or vacuum distillation regenerator to separate and recover the PCB mixed insulating oil, and the cleaning agent can be repeatedly used and recycled.

  If it is necessary to further reduce PCB, wood, packing, press board and other members 9 are crushed and washed again after the cleaning step 105 (steps 124 and 125). The crushing particle size at this time is preferably about 2 mm, whereby the PCB concentration in the cleaned member can be made uniform without unevenness. The crushed member can be cleaned by, for example, a cleaning and drying method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-77219. Specifically, it is preferable to wash with a basket for washing and drying, which is provided with a basket for washing and drying the crushing member using a washing liquid and having a heat storage material capable of storing a heat quantity equal to or greater than the total evaporation heat of the washing liquid.

  The wood, packing, press board, and other members 9 that have completed the cleaning process are filled with drums and stored in a warehouse (processes 126 and 127) in the same manner as paper 8 included in the coil described later. On the other hand, the transport container containing the container 1, the metal 2 and the insulator 4 after the cleaning process is automatically transported to the determination cleaning process 107 under the control of the management system. The washed electric wire is conveyed to the coil crushing step 119 in order to crush it together with the washed coil described later.

(6) Core processing step 106
The core is conveyed to the core processing step 106 and further disassembled. The core is composed of an iron core 6 in which a large number of thin silicon steel plates are laminated, and primary and secondary windings 7 (copper) wound around insulating paper and oil ducts (wooden chopstick-like wood, corrugated sheets, etc.) Wires: those composed of insulating paper, oil ducts and windings are called coils.) Are combined in a chain.
In order to dismantle, either one of the iron core 6 or the coil 7 is cut, but the iron core has a plurality of lamination methods, and depending on the cutting location, there is a possibility of causing inconvenience in the subsequent process. In the present invention, a method of cutting a coil is preferable.
The core has an inner iron type, an outer iron type, etc., both of which are set in such a positional relationship that the laminated surface of the iron core faces front and back and the upper and lower ends of the coil are up and down with respect to the cutting teeth, and cut Cut and dismantle with teeth. In the disassembled coil 7, the oil duct is separated by manual work at the work place (step 117). However, depending on the final processing form of paper / wood, there is no influence on the subsequent process even if the separation is not performed.

  The disassembly of the core can be performed by any method, and for example, can be performed by the disassembly method of the transformer described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-217756. Specifically, as a method for separating the coil from the iron core of the transformer, a method is preferable in which the iron core is placed on the side surface with an electric saw or the like, and the coil wound around the iron core is cut and separated.

  The iron core 6 separated and separated is further cut. In the iron core cutting (step 113), the optimum cutting location is cut with hydraulic cutting teeth according to the type of iron core (wrap winding, C type, wound iron core, etc.), and one iron core is divided in half. One half of the iron core is straightened by the straightening device almost straightly (step 114). In this process, since an operation of spreading iron cores one by one at a high speed is added, a large amount of PCB oil adhering to the gap can be removed by washing or the like. The iron core can be cut by any method, but for example, the iron core cutting method described in JP-A-2003-285224 can also be used. Specifically, a method in which an iron core is placed on a turntable or the like, and is cut by applying a cutting blade to a core (pressed from above and below) installed in an internal hollow portion of the iron core.

After correcting the curvature of the cut iron core, a V-shaped press process (step 115) is performed, and the obtained iron core plate is put into a cleaning basket.
In the V-shaped press, 50 to 60 sheets of iron core after correction (thickness: about 20 mm) are set on the press stand at a time, the press die is pushed down by hydraulic pressure, and the iron core plate is V-shaped in parallel with the longitudinal direction. Press (step 115). By doing this, the iron core that has been curved is further straightened, so it can be gripped by a robot hand and automatically sucked by an iron plate separator. Can be finished properly.
Separation of the iron core plate can be performed by any method, and for example, it can be performed by an iron plate separator described in JP-A No. 2002-124426. Specifically, by installing a magnetic body on the plate-like body, a magnetic field is induced along the main surface from the end face of the plate-like body to give a repulsive force between the plate-like bodies, and the plate generated by the repulsive force A method of providing voids in the shape is preferred.

The iron core plate that is suspended in the iron plate separator in the pre-treatment and loaded into the transport container and transported is transferred from the transport device to the washing machine by the transfer device and loaded. The iron core plate put in the cleaning basket is cleaned with the plate-like body (step 116).
In addition, it is preferable that the standard value for the cleaning treatment conforms to the “Certification Method for Standards Concerning Specially Managed Industrial Waste” (Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification No. 192, revised August 1998, No. 222). For example, cleaning solution test method: cleaning solution PCB concentration 0.5 mg / kg or less (first of the second table), wiping test method: PCB adhesion amount 0.1 μg / 100 cm ² or less (second table, second table), member sampling test Method: PCB adhesion amount of 0.01 mg / kg or less (Attached Table 2nd 3rd).

For cleaning, one or a mixture of a hydrocarbon-based cleaning agent selected from the second petroleum or the third petroleum and an organic solvent is used as a cleaning stock solution. In the washing machine, first, the first stock solution is introduced into the evaporator, and the solvent (first stock solution) is heated by steam with a heat exchanger under reduced pressure, whereby the solvent is boiled at a low temperature and the solvent vapor is continuously supplied. It is generated and introduced into a cleaning tank by piping, and the iron core plate is cleaned and heated (hereinafter referred to as reduced-pressure steam cleaning).
While the attached PCB oil is removed by flowing under reduced pressure steam cleaning, the iron core plate and the remaining PCB oil are heated and fluidized to enhance the effect of subsequent reduced pressure immersion cleaning. In vacuum immersion cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning is used in combination, and degassing ultrasonic cleaning is performed by synergy with the vacuum device. By oscillating the iron core plate at high speed, the desorption of the insulating oil from the surface is promoted, and the PCB oil that has been desorbed by the flow caused by the vibration is quickly diffused into the solvent, increasing the cleaning power and removing the insulating oil. Promotes.
Following immersion cleaning with the first stock solution, rinse cleaning is performed with a cleaner second stock solution. This cleaning is also performed in the same manner as described above.

After immersion cleaning of the second stock solution, return the first stock solution to the stock solution tank, empty the cleaning tank, introduce the second stock solution into the evaporator, perform steam cleaning, iron core plate, cleaning tank wall, Heat the deposited liquid to about 120 ° C. At this time, various conditions are set so that the inside of the cleaning tank is about 60 to 100 Torr (7999 to 13332 Pa).
After steam cleaning is completed by time control, the inlet valve of the vacuum pump is opened, the vacuum in the tank is increased by vacuum suction, the surface adhering liquid is supersaturated and re-evaporated, iron core plate, basket, The inner wall of the tank is dried to complete the plate cleaning.
The cleaning of the iron core plate is not limited to the above-described method, and can be performed by, for example, a plate-like body cleaning method described in JP-A-2002-124426. Specifically, by installing a magnetic body on the plate-like body, a magnetic field is induced along the main surface from the end face of the plate-like body to give a repulsive force between the plate-like bodies, and the plate generated by the repulsive force Since the cleaning fluid is introduced into the gap of the plate-like body to wash the main surface of the plate-like body, a method that can efficiently wash the main surface of the laminated plate-like body while being laminated is preferable.
The cleaned iron core plate is accommodated in a transfer container and automatically transferred to the determination cleaning step 107 under the control of the management system.

The disassembled and separated coil 7 is washed, crushed, and separated into copper and paper by a specific gravity sorter after removing the tree (oil duct) (steps 117 to 120). The copper is further washed for the second time (step 121), and the paper is crushed and washed (steps 122 and 123).
As described above, the coil is composed of a PCB-impregnated material such as a copper wire, a copper strip, a copper plate, an insulating paper (craft paper), an insulating cloth, an oil duct, a fixing thread, or a structural material for cooling. Yes. Here, the PCB-impregnated material refers to paper waste, wood waste and fiber waste infiltrated with PCB (note that the metal waste to which PCB is attached or enclosed is referred to as PCB non-impregnated material).
First, the oil duct (wood) is removed from the coil, and the coil is cleaned and dried with a cleaning device (steps 117 and 118). The cleaning method is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be performed by a transformer winding method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-257759. Specifically, a method is preferred in which the coil is crushed by a crusher composed of a biaxial crusher, a low-speed crusher, and a high-speed crusher, and sorted into copper wire and insulating paper by a specific gravity sorter.

Since the coil after drying may be not cleaned to the reference value due to the influence of the impregnating material, copper is collected and the second cleaning is performed. The following crushing and specific gravity sorting are performed to recover copper.
The coil is crushed with a crusher and broken into pieces, and at the same time, the insulation coating, paper tape, etc. covering the primary and secondary conductors are effectively peeled off (step 119). Since the secondary conductor coating is difficult to peel off, when combining multiple crushers in stages (a combination of three stages: a twin-screw crusher, a single-screw crusher, and a high-speed crusher is preferred), the final stage high speed In the crusher, the screen diameter is preferably 7 to 8 mm.

The crushed coil fragments are put into a specific gravity sorter via a quantitative feeder, paper, cloth, yarn, etc. are separated, and high purity copper is recovered (step 120). The specific gravity sorter processes a screen using a small-diameter hole punching metal into a staircase shape, and by moving the screen elliptically, it blows air from the bottom of the screen while applying a step-up force to separate light specific gravity paper. Are preferred because they give high copper purity.
The punching metal hole diameter has a great influence on preventing clogging and increasing the purity of copper. Therefore, a sufficient examination is necessary for selection. However, when the diameter is 0.8 mm, clogging is small and the copper purity is 99.9. It is particularly preferable because good results of weight percent or more are obtained.

Copper recovered with high purity via a specific gravity sorter is less than the standard value for PCB oil that is supposed to re-adhere from the impregnating material (standard value indicated in “Standard Test Method for Specially Controlled Industrial Waste”) The second cleaning is performed for the purpose of removing (step 121).
In the second cleaning, the same cleaning method as that used in the cleaning step (5) above is used, so that the members put into the transport container etc. can be subjected to steam cleaning, immersion cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, and vacuum drying. Cleaning is performed automatically and effectively for an appropriately set time for each member. Moreover, the same thing as the above-mentioned can be used also about the cleaning agent to be used.
The cleaned copper is accommodated in a transfer container and automatically transferred to the determination cleaning step 107 under the control of the management system.

  The separated paper 8 is reduced in volume and blocked by a paper compressor, and is then transported and put into a hopper by an automatic transporter, and the drum can is metered and filled by a drum filling device (step 126).

(7) Determination washing process 107
Of each member after cleaning, the container 1, the metal 2, the insulator 4, the iron core plate 6 and the copper are transported to the determination cleaning step for each member and subjected to determination cleaning, and after the determination cleaning, are sent to the determination waiting storage step 108. It is done.
In the determination cleaning step 107, cleaning is performed by a cleaning method and apparatus in which the stock solution tank is composed of only one tank. The cleaning agent used in the determination cleaning can use the same cleaning agent as the cleaning agent used for the secondary cleaning of copper in the cleaning step (5) and the core processing step (6). Is the same as above.
After the cleaning, the cleaning solution is analyzed (oil analysis by FID (hydrogen flame ionization detector) or PCB analysis by ECD (electron capture detector)) and within legal standard values (“standard test for specially controlled industrial waste” It is determined whether it is the reference value indicated in “Method”. An online analyzer (FID type gas chromatograph, ECD type gas chromatograph, etc.) can be used for this determination.

(8) Judgment waiting storage process 108
After the determination cleaning, the determination liquid is analyzed with an analyzer such as gas chromatography. However, because the analysis time is long, the determination liquid is stored for the purpose of preventing the traffic jam until the result is obtained.
The pass / fail status of the cleaning determination is determined by the determination liquid method according to the “standard verification method for specially controlled industrial waste”.
Each member stored in the judgment waiting storage process is transported to the dispensing storage process if the analysis result of the judgment cleaning liquid is acceptable (less than 0.5 mg-PCB / kg-determination liquid), stored in the storage, and tilted. Stored in containers, pallets, etc. with shipping-related equipment such as rolling equipment and palletizers, and shipped from time to time. If it fails, it returns to each washing | cleaning apparatus process, and repeats after a washing | cleaning process.
Note that an air suction port is provided on the downstream side of the determination waiting storage step, and air is continuously sucked in. The amount of air sucked is determined under the control of the management system while monitoring the air cleanliness of each process. The sucked air passes through the sealed hood and is circulated through the activated carbon filter.

(9) Discharge / storage process 109
In the payout / storage process 109, the container is loaded on the pallet by the palletizer and stored in the payout storage.
The metal 2, the insulator 4, the iron core plate 6, and the copper are replaced in a dedicated container by a basket reversing device and stored in a payout storage. In the shipment, based on a delivery command from the reservation management system, the delivery is sequentially delivered from the delivery storage in response to a request for parts, quantities, etc., and loaded onto the truck (step 128).
The paper 8 and the cleaned wood, packing, press board, and other members 9 are transported and loaded into the hopper by an automatic transport machine, and the drum can is metered and filled by the drum filling device (step 126). The filled drum cans are temporarily stored in a drum can storage installed in the drum filling chamber, and are discharged and stored in the warehouse according to a payout reservation (step 127).

(10) Exhaust treatment step The exhaust treatment step is a step of treating exhaust in each step such as disassembly, core cutting / disassembly, and crushing (not shown). As the exhaust treatment process, the object to be processed in each process such as the above dismantling is stored in a hood, etc., the generated exhaust is sucked with a fan, activated carbon treatment and exhausted outside the facility, or a cleaning device Examples include a step of treating the exhaust gas pumped from the apparatus with activated carbon. In the former, the inside of the hood is maintained at a negative pressure by sucking the exhaust with a fan, and the exhaust can be processed without leaking outside the hood. In the latter case, the exhaust is pumped by a vacuum pump or the like, but by introducing the exhaust into a highly airtight duct, the exhaust can be processed without leaking out of the system.

  By the above process, without the operator working in the PCB atmosphere, the pole transformer containing the PCB mixed insulating oil can be safely disassembled, the disassembled parts are separated into members, and each member is recycled. be able to.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  The PCB-containing transformer was carried in a truck and loaded on an empty pallet placed at a fixed position of the receiving device. At this time, the bar code affixed to the transformer was read with a dedicated terminal, the information was entered into the management system, and transferred to the receiving storage at the given address. A stacker crane was used to transfer the transformer.

  The transformer was automatically transported from the receiving storage to the oil draining and dismantling process in units of pallets. One transformer was transferred from the pallet to the dismantling conveyor using a jib crane. The conveyor was moved to one position by a foot switch at each work station, and the following operations were sequentially performed by workers in the workplace. The following dismantling work was performed manually by workers because the PCB concentration of the insulating oil used in the pole transformer is low and does not affect the human body.

First, the transformer lid fixing screw was loosened and the lid was removed. The lid was removed from the attached packing, and each member was put into the basket separately. Next, the heel oil extraction pump nozzle was inserted to perform the oil removal operation. The drained PCB oil is temporarily stored in the tank in the process together with the insulating oil separated by the distillation regenerator, transferred by a pump or the like according to the demand of the PCB oil processing process, and decomposed in the processing process of the transfer destination. Made harmless.
When oil draining was completed, the primary and secondary electric wires penetrating the case were cut. The screws and springs fixing the primary and secondary insulators for electric wires were removed, the insulators were removed from the case, and the members were put into baskets assigned identification numbers.

  The bolts fixing the contents to the case were loosened and removed, and the bolts were put into a metal basket. The fixing band, screws, electric wires, etc. of the contents were cut or removed, and the member mounting base was removed from the core. Since this base also has tapping bases, electric resistance elements, and other parts, they were disassembled into metal, lightning resistance elements, insulators, electric wires, cores, wood, press boards, and other parts, and each was put into a basket.

For the lightning protection element, the insulator constituting the lightning protection element was removed, the metal container containing the element was disassembled, further disassembled into ceramic elements and metal parts, and put into each basket. In addition, the electric wires fixed to the insulators with epoxy resin or the like were separated from the insulators and put into the respective baskets.
The remaining members here became a container and a core, the container was transferred to a container basket, and the core was transported to an iron core / coil separation device.
Containers, metal, insulators, electric wires, and baskets filled with wood, packing, press board, and other members were conveyed to a cleaning device by a belt conveyor.
Each member separated and disassembled is transported and transferred in a basket unit with an identification number, and all openings are surrounded by a hood to prevent the release of PCB vapor to the outside and atmospheric contamination.

  The container, metal, insulator, electric wire, and wood / packing / press board and other members placed in the basket were cleaned. The container was subjected to immersion cleaning 1 for 3 minutes, immersion cleaning 2 for 3 minutes, steam cleaning for 10 minutes, and vacuum drying for 6 minutes. For the metal, immersion cleaning 1 was performed for 8 minutes, immersion cleaning 2 was performed for 8 minutes, steam cleaning was performed for 16 minutes, and vacuum drying was performed for 9 minutes. For the insulator, immersion cleaning 1 was performed for 8 minutes, immersion cleaning 2 was performed for 8 minutes, steam cleaning was performed for 16 minutes, and vacuum drying was performed for 9 minutes. The electric wire was subjected to immersion cleaning 1 for 8 minutes, immersion cleaning 2 for 8 minutes, steam cleaning for 16 minutes, and vacuum drying for 9 minutes. For wood, packing, press board and other members, immersion cleaning 1 was performed for 3 minutes, immersion cleaning 2 was performed for 3 minutes, steam cleaning was performed for 10 minutes, and vacuum drying was performed for 6 minutes. In each cleaning, NS200P (trade name, manufactured by Nikko Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) was used as the cleaning agent. The container, metal, and insulator after cleaning were transported to the determination cleaning process. The washed electric wire was conveyed to a coil crushing step in order to crush it together with the washed coil described later.

  The core is a primary / secondary winding wound around an iron core in which a large number of thin silicon steel sheets with a thickness of about 0.3 mm are laminated and insulating paper or oil ducts (wooden chopstick-like wood, corrugated sheet, etc.) (Copper wire: what consists of insulating paper, an oil duct, and a coil | winding is called a coil) and it is comprised by combining in a chain form mutually. In order to disassemble the core, the coil was cut.

  The disassembled and separated iron core was cut with hydraulic cutting teeth, and one iron core was divided into two halves. One half of each iron core was straightened with a straightening device. About 50 to 60 sheets of iron core after correction (thickness: 20 mm) are set on the press stand by an operator, the press button is pressed to press the press die down hydraulically, and the iron core is V-shaped in parallel with the longitudinal direction. Pressed. The obtained iron core plate was put into a washing basket by an iron plate separator and conveyed to a washing device by a belt conveyor.

For iron core plates, the standard values of “Standard Test Methods for Specially Controlled Industrial Waste” (cleaning solution test method: cleaning solution PCB concentration 0.5 mg / kg or less, wiping test method: PCB adhesion amount 0.1 μg / 100 cm ² or less In addition, cleaning was performed so as to satisfy the member sampling test method: PCB adhesion amount of 0.01 mg / kg or less.

  In the washing machine, first, the first stock solution (NS200P) is introduced into the evaporator, and the solvent (NS200P) is heated to 130 ° C. by steam with a heat exchanger under a reduced pressure of 10 kPa. Solvent vapor was continuously generated and introduced into a washing tank by piping, and the iron core plate was subjected to vacuum steam washing. Subsequently, vacuum immersion cleaning combined with ultrasonic cleaning was performed. Deaeration ultrasonic cleaning was performed in a state where the pressure was reduced to 10 kPa, and the iron core plate was vibrated at high speed for 10 minutes.

After immersion cleaning with the first stock solution, rinse cleaning was performed with a cleaner second stock solution (NS200P). The conditions for this cleaning are the same as in the above-described vacuum immersion cleaning. After immersion cleaning with the second stock solution, return the cleaning solution to the stock solution tank, empty the cleaning tank, introduce the second stock solution into the evaporator, perform steam cleaning, and remove the iron core plate, cleaning tank wall, and attached liquid. Heat to 120 ° C. and hold for 10 minutes. At this time, the inside of the cleaning tank was set to about 60 to 100 Torr (7999 to 13332 Pa).
After completion of steam cleaning, open the inlet valve of the vacuum pump and increase the vacuum in the tank by vacuuming, re-evaporate the surface adhering liquid by supersaturation, iron core plate, basket, tank inner wall, etc. Was dried to finish washing the plate-like body. The iron core plate after washing was conveyed to the judgment washing process.

  The disassembled and separated coils were manually separated from the oil duct at the work site. The coil was subjected to immersion cleaning 1 for 12 minutes, immersion cleaning 2 for 12 minutes, steam cleaning for 12 minutes, and vacuum drying for 10 minutes. NS200P (trade name, manufactured by Nikko Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) was used as the cleaning agent.

The coil after washing and drying was crushed with a crusher, and at the same time, the insulation coating and paper tape covering the primary and secondary conductors were peeled off. The crusher was a combination of three stages: a twin-screw crusher, a single-screw crusher, and a high-speed crusher. The screen diameter in the uniaxial crusher was 20 to 50 mm, and the screen diameter was 7 to 8 mm in the final stage high-speed crusher.
The crushed coil fragments were put into a specific gravity sorter via a quantitative feeder. The specific gravity sorter processes a screen using small-diameter punched metal into a staircase shape, and this screen is elliptically moved to blow air from the bottom of the screen while applying a step-up force. Were separated from copper. The punching metal hole diameter was 0.8 mm.

  The copper separated and collected by the specific gravity sorter was subjected to secondary washing. In the secondary cleaning, immersion cleaning 1 was performed for 10 minutes, steam cleaning was performed for 11 minutes, and vacuum drying was performed for 10 minutes. NS200P (trade name, manufactured by Nikko Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) was used as the cleaning agent. The copper after washing was transported to the judgment washing process.

  Paper, cloth, and threads that have been crushed and separated by a specific gravity sorter, as well as wood, packing, pressboard, and other components that have been cleaned are compressed into blocks using a compression device so that drums can be filled easily. Then, it was transferred to the hopper by a belt conveyor and charged into a drum can with a drum filling device.

  The container, metal, insulator, iron core plate and copper after washing were subjected to judgment washing. In the determination cleaning, the stock solution tank is composed of only one tank. Cleaning was performed by immersion cleaning for 10 minutes, steam cleaning for 10 minutes, and vacuum drying for 10 minutes.

  After the determination cleaning, the determination liquid was collected and analyzed with an electron capture gas chromatograph analyzer (GC17A, trade name, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). If it was less than 0.5 mg-PCB / kg-determination solution, it was judged as acceptable. Until the result was obtained, each member was transported to the determination waiting storage process. As a result of the analysis, the PCB concentration of the judgment washing liquid was less than 0.1 mg-PCB / kg-judgment liquid and passed. Each member was transferred from the waiting-for-determination storage process to the payout storage process. In this process, the transformer container was loaded on a pallet with a palletizer and stored in a dispensing storage. Metals, insulators, iron core plates, and copper were replaced by a basket reversing device with special members and stored in a payout storage. Shipments were sequentially paid out from the payout storage in response to requests for parts, quantities, etc., and loaded onto trucks based on the payout command from the reservation management system.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 2 (a) is a partially cutaway plan view of a pole transformer, FIG. 2 (b) is a partially cutaway front view of the pole transformer, and FIG. 2 (c) is one of the pole transformers. It is a part notch side view.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Case 2 Metal 3 Lightning protection element 4 Insulator 5 Electric wire 6 Iron core 7 Coil 8 Paper 9 Wood, packing, press board, and other members 10 Insulating oil mixed with PCB 104 Oil removal / disassembly process 105 Cleaning process 106 Core processing process 107 Determination cleaning Process 111 Lightning protection element disassembly process 112 Insulator disassembly process 113 Iron core cutting process 114 Iron core curving correction process 115 V-shaped press process 116 Iron core plate cleaning process 117 Wood removal process 118 Primary cleaning process 119 Crushing process 120 Specific gravity sorting process 121 Secondary Cleaning process 122 Crushing process 123 Cleaning process 124 Crushing process 125 Cleaning process

Claims (7)

It is a detoxification method for a pole transformer that separates and dismantles pole transformers containing PCB-mixed insulating oil, detoxifies each member by multi-stage cleaning, and recycles them.
(A) A step of draining the PCB mixed insulating oil from the pole transformer containing the PCB mixed insulating oil,
(B) a step of separating and disassembling the pole transformer into a case, a metal, a lightning protection element, an insulator, an electric wire, a core, and other members,
(C) a step of further separating and disassembling the core into an iron core and a coil;
(D) Steps of primary cleaning, secondary cleaning, and drying of each of the disassembled members,
(E) a step of appropriately separating and reducing the volume of each member described above,
(F) A method for detoxifying a pole transformer, comprising a step of determining and cleaning each member after the cleaning. It is a detoxification processing method for a pole transformer that separates and dismantles pole transformers containing insulating oil mixed with PCB, renders each member harmless and recycles,
(A) A step of draining the PCB mixed insulating oil from the pole transformer containing the PCB mixed insulating oil,
(B) a step of separating and disassembling the pole transformer into a case, metal, lightning protection element, insulator, electric wire, core, and wood, packing, press board, and other members;
(C) a step of separating and disassembling the lightning-resistant element into metal and insulators and elements;
(D) a step of further separating and separating the insulator into an insulator part and an electric wire;
(E) cutting the winding of the core and further separating and disassembling into an iron core and a coil;
(F) cutting the iron core, correcting the iron core curvature, performing a V-shaped press treatment, and cleaning the obtained iron core plate with a cleaning device;
(G) After removing the wood from the coil, the coil is washed with a washing device, crushed, separated into copper and paper with a specific gravity sorter, and the copper is secondarily washed with the washing device, Compressing and reducing the volume,
(H) a step of cleaning the case, metal, insulator, electric wire, wood, packing, press board and other members with a cleaning device,
(I) A method for detoxifying a pole transformer, comprising a step of determining and cleaning the cleaned case, metal, insulator, iron core plate, and copper with a cleaning device for each member. .   Each of the above members is stored for each member in a transport container to which an identifier has been assigned, and the identifier information given to the transport container is checked against the processing reservation registration of the management system. 3. The method for detoxifying a pole transformer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gap is conveyed by an automatic conveyor.   In each of the above-described cleaning steps, cleaning is performed using a hydrocarbon-based cleaning agent or an organic solvent of the second petroleum or the third petroleum, and the used cleaning agent is purified by a distillation regenerator, and the PCB mixed insulating oil The method for detoxifying a pole transformer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cleaning agent is repeatedly used.   The opening part of each processing apparatus used for each said process is enclosed with a hood, the inside of the hood is sucked under negative pressure, and the atmosphere is circulated through an activated carbon filter. Detoxification method for pole transformers described in 1.   The step of generating exhaust gas among the above steps is characterized in that the PCB vapor content is reduced to a concentration lower than the environmental regulation value by using a condenser, a local exhaust suction device and an activated carbon filter, and exhausted. Item 6. The method for detoxifying a pole transformer according to any one of Items 1 to 5. The above-mentioned washing device or distillation reproduction device is provided with a PCB leak detection device and an oil pan, and each of these devices is operated under reduced pressure, The column top according to any one of claims 1 to 6 Transformer detoxification method.

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