JP2006266610A - Absorption chiller and heater using wood biomass as heat source - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance an equipment utilization factor of an absorption chiller and heater throughout the year by utilizing wood biomass such as wood pellet as a heat source in the absorption chiller and heater of compact constitution to efficiently utilize the wood biomass as the heat source. <P>SOLUTION: The absorption chiller and heater 1 comprises an evaporator 2, a condenser 3, an absorber 4, a low temperature regenerator 5, a heat exchanger 6, a high temperature regenerator 7, a combustion apparatus 8, an absorption liquid pump 9 and a refrigerant pump 10, and produces cold water or hot water by leading combustion heat of the combustion apparatus 8 into the high temperature regenerator 7 and then leading an absorption liquid to the low temperature regenerator 5 and the absorber 4, wherein the combustion apparatus 8 is provided with a wood biomass burner 11 for burning wood biomass. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat source device used for air conditioning using woody biomass as a heat source, and more particularly to an absorption chiller / heater using woody biomass as a heat source for operating an absorption chiller / heater using combustion heat of woody biomass.

  Conventionally, an oil-fired absorption chiller / heater or a gas absorption chiller / heater has been used as a heat source device for air conditioning. These absorption chiller / heaters are heat source devices that supply chilled water for cooling and hot water for heating using heavy oil, kerosene, city gas, or the like as fuel. This absorption chiller / heater uses water as a refrigerant and uses lithium bromide as an absorbent, and chilled water can usually obtain a temperature of about 7 ° C. and is sent to an air conditioner or the like for cooling air. Use as Moreover, at the time of heating, warm air is normally produced | generated with an air conditioner by sending out hot water of 50-60 degreeC.

  This absorption chiller / heater cools using the heat of vaporization of liquid. This vaporized vapor needs to be reused, and a compressor is used to restore the original liquid state. Absorption chillers use absorbents to do this chemically. When this absorbent absorbs vapor, the concentration becomes thin and the absorption capacity becomes weak. Therefore, in order to restore this absorption capacity, a process of heating and concentrating the absorbent is required. As the heat source, combustion gas, steam from a boiler, or high-temperature water is used.

  Various techniques relating to the heat source in such an absorption chiller / heater have been proposed. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-53122, “Exhaust gas injection type absorption chiller / heater”, when the heat source of the absorption chiller / heater is insufficient, An exhaust gas absorption type chiller / heater that can back up a heat source with fuel and can be made compact has been proposed.

The exhaust gas high temperature regenerator, low temperature regenerator, condenser, absorber, evaporator, high temperature regenerator using high potential energy as a heat source and these devices are connected to the “exhaust gas input type absorption chiller / heater” of Patent Document 1 An exhaust gas charging type absorption chiller / heater equipped with a solution channel and a refrigerant channel has been proposed. In this “exhaust gas type absorption chiller / heater”, an exhaust gas high-temperature regenerator has a vertical heat transfer tube group in an exhaust gas passage having a rectangular cross section, and covers an opening of the vertical heat transfer tube group above the vertical heat transfer tube group. The liquid supply chamber is provided in the lower part of the vertical heat transfer tube group so as to cover the opening of the vertical heat transfer tube group, and the high temperature regenerator is disposed in the can body of the regenerator. The structure is such that a heat transfer tube that holds the solution and is immersed in the solution. The exhaust gas high-temperature regenerator overflows from the gas-liquid chamber and flows into the high-temperature regenerator. And a pipe having one end of the connection port in the solution supply chamber below the exhaust gas high-temperature regenerator and having the other end connection port in the solution part of the high-temperature regenerator.
JP 2004-53122 A

  On the other hand, woody biomass has been attracting attention as a fuel because of the effects of carbon dioxide reduction and the beginning of efforts to spread in each region. This woody biomass has a characteristic that it does not increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so-called “carbon neutral”. On the other hand, fossil fuel is a lump of carbon fixed in the ground, so it unilaterally releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, wood can be used in place of fossil fuels to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increase energy self-sufficiency. In particular, Japan currently has a lot of energy imported from overseas. Conversely, this woody biomass can be used to procure energy from within the country by utilizing abundant forest resources.

  The types of wood biomass used for fuel include wood chips and wood pellets obtained by pulverizing wood. In addition to this, there are ogarite, briquette and the like as solid fuel obtained by solidifying wood chips. These are characterized by the fact that wood chips are strongly compressed, so that there is less space for placing them, and that automatic combustion is easy.

  Therefore, an absorption chiller / hot water machine using woody biomass as a heat source has been proposed as a “cold / warm water supply system” as shown in FIG. In this cold / hot water supply system, a pellet boiler 51 using wood biomass, particularly wood pellets as fuel, is provided, and hot water at 80 ° C. is supplied to the low-temperature absorption chiller 52. The cooling is generated and used for cooling. On the other hand, for heating, hot water generated by the pellet boiler 51 is supplied at a temperature of about 55 ° C. after temperature adjustment by the temperature regulator 53.

  Furthermore, various techniques for effectively using the woody biomass have been proposed. For example, in Patent Document 2, “fuel gas mainly composed of wood biomass and gas power generation method using it as a heat source”, wood gas produced by dry distillation of wood biomass and combustible gas obtained by purifying the combustion gas of wood charcoal A gas power generation method has been proposed in which a combustible wood gas obtained by mixing and homogenizing or one of the wood gas and the combustible gas is obtained, and power is generated using any of these gases.

The conventional cold / hot water supply system combines a wood pellet boiler 51 and an absorption chiller 52 and uses wood biomass for air conditioning. However, operating the absorption chiller 52 with warm water of about 80 ° C. generated in the wood pellet boiler 51 has low operating efficiency, and the absorption chiller 52 itself is likely to be large. In particular, the wood pellet boiler 51 and the absorption chiller 52 are required separately, and incidental facilities such as piping are further increased, resulting in an increase in equipment costs.
Furthermore, since the absorption chiller 52 is used for a short period from June to September in the summer, there is a problem that the utilization factor of the facility is extremely low.

  In addition, in the “gas power generation method using a fuel gas mainly composed of wood biomass as a heat source” in Patent Document 2, the wood biomass is simply used for the gas power generation method, and the wood biomass is used as the heat source of the absorption chiller / heater. There was no technology used.

  The present invention has been developed to solve such problems. That is, the object of the present invention is to use wood biomass such as wood pellets as a heat source in an absorption chiller / heater having a compact configuration, so that the woody biomass can be efficiently used as a heat source and the absorption chiller / heater can be used throughout the year. The purpose is to provide an absorption chiller / heater using woody biomass as a heat source that can increase the facility utilization rate.

According to the invention, the evaporator (2), condenser (3), absorber (4), low temperature regenerator (5), heat exchanger (6), high temperature regenerator (7), combustion device (8) An absorption liquid pump (9) and a refrigerant pump (10), the combustion heat of the combustion device (8) is introduced into the high temperature regenerator (7), and then the low temperature regenerator (5) and the absorber (4) An absorption chiller / heater (1) for generating cold water or hot water by introducing an absorption liquid into the combustion apparatus (8) provided with a wood biomass burner (11) for burning wood biomass. An absorption chiller / heater using woody biomass as a heat source is provided.
The combustion device (8) may be provided with a fossil fuel burner together with the woody biomass burner (11).
The woody biomass supplied to the woody biomass burner (11) is wood pellets or wood chips.

The combustion device (8) was provided with a supply screw conveyor (13) for supplying woody biomass. The combustion device (8) was provided with an ash discharge screw conveyor (14) for discharging the wood biomass combustion ash.
Furthermore, it is preferable to provide a silo (12) for storing woody biomass so as to be adjacent to the combustion device (8).

  In the invention of the above configuration, since the wood biomass burner (11) for burning wood biomass is provided in the combustion device (8), it is not necessary to install a boiler separately from the absorption chiller / heater (1), The peripheral equipment of the absorption chiller / heater (1) can be made compact. In addition, by using a fossil fuel burner as necessary, the absorption chiller / heater (1) can use various heat sources, and its versatility is expanded.

  By providing the combustion device (8) with a screw conveyor for supply (13), woody biomass can be supplied easily and stably. On the other hand, by providing the combustion device (8) with the ash discharging screw conveyor (14), it is possible to easily discharge the combustion ash and avoid reduction in combustion efficiency. Moreover, this woody biomass can be stably supplied to the combustion device (8) by storing the woody biomass in the silo (12).

  The absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass of the present invention as a heat source is an absorption chiller / heater provided with a burner for woody biomass that burns the woody biomass serving as the heat source in the combustion device.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a layout view showing an absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass of the present invention as a heat source.
The absorption chiller / heater 1 using the woody biomass of the present invention as a heat source includes an evaporator 2, a condenser 3, an absorber 4, a low temperature regenerator 5, a heat exchanger 6, a high temperature regenerator 7, a combustion device 8, and an absorption liquid pump. 9 and the refrigerant pump 10. The absorption chiller / heater 1 introduces the combustion heat of the combustion device 8 into the high-temperature regenerator 7, and then introduces an absorption liquid such as lithium bromide into the low-temperature regenerator 5 and the absorber 4 to generate cold water or hot water. Is. Water is used as the refrigerant.

  The evaporator 2 includes, for example, a heat transfer tube, a refrigerant spray device, a refrigerant tray, an eliminator, and a refrigerant pipe connecting the refrigerant tray and the refrigerant spray device. Copper tubes are used for the heat transfer tubes, and cold water flows through the tubes in a grid pattern or zigzag pattern. Outside the pipe, a refrigerant such as water pumped up from the refrigerant tray by the refrigerant pump 10 is dropped from a spraying device provided at the upper part of the pipe group. While the dropped refrigerant flows down the surface of the cold water pipe, the inside of the evaporator 2 evaporates due to the vacuum. At this time, heat of evaporation for evaporation is taken from the cold water flowing in the pipe, the temperature of the cold water is lowered, and cold water can be generated. This cold water is set to, for example, about 7 ° C. and used for the cooling device.

  The absorber 4 is the same as the evaporator 2 described above, and includes several tens to several hundreds of heat transfer tubes, an absorbing liquid spraying device, an eliminator, and an absorbing liquid reservoir. The absorber 4 uses a copper pipe like the evaporator 2, and the cooling water flows through the pipe. On the outer surface of the absorber 4 tube, a concentrated solution is dripped from an absorbing liquid spraying device provided at the upper part of the tube group. The dripped absorbing liquid spreads as a thin film on the outer surface of the pipe, and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 2 is absorbed on the surface. At this time, the absorbed heat is transferred to the cooling water in the pipe. The absorber 4 lowers the pressure in the chamber, promotes the evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator 2, and absorbs the evaporated refrigerant vapor. Absorbing liquid having a reduced concentration due to absorption of the refrigerant vapor accumulates in the lower absorbing liquid reservoir and is sent from there to the high-temperature regenerator 7 by the absorbing liquid pump 9.

  The high temperature regenerator 7 includes a combustion device 8, a combustion chamber, a heat transfer section such as a smoke pipe, an eliminator, and the like. The combustion chamber and the smoke tube are immersed in the absorbent. The low-concentration absorption liquid sent by the absorption liquid pump 9 is heated to the boiling temperature with combustion heat and high-temperature combustion gas, and then boiled, thereby separating the refrigerant and increasing the concentration itself. Yes.

  The combustion apparatus 8 of the present invention is provided with a wood biomass burner 11 for burning wood biomass. For example, wood pellets are supplied to the wood biomass burner 11 and burned. The wood pellets stored in the silo 12 are stably supplied to the combustion device 8 using a supply screw conveyor 13. Of course, it is also possible to supply the wood pellets to the combustion device 8 by means other than the screw conveyor 13 for supply.

  Thus, since the wood biomass burner 11 for burning wood biomass is provided in the combustion device 8, it is not necessary to install a boiler separately from the absorption chiller / heater 1 as in the prior art, and the absorption chiller / heater. 1 peripheral equipment can be made compact.

  In addition, by providing the burner for fuels (not shown), such as petroleum, coal, or city gas, with the wood biomass burner 11, this burner for fossil fuel can be used as needed. Therefore, the versatility of the absorption chiller / heater 1 is expanded by using various heat sources.

  The low-temperature regenerator 5 includes a shell that stores an absorbent, a heat transfer tube, and an eliminator. A steel pipe or a copper pipe is used as the heat transfer pipe. Inside the pipe, the high-temperature refrigerant vapor generated in the high-temperature regenerator 7 flows, and the condensed liquid heats and concentrates the low-concentration absorption liquid outside the pipe to produce new refrigerant vapor. Is generated. The refrigerant vapor passes through an eliminator provided to prevent the absorption liquid from scattering and flows into the condenser 3. On the other hand, the concentrated and concentrated absorbent is passed through the heat exchanger 7.

  The condenser 3 includes a heat transfer tube and a refrigerant tray. The same material as the absorber 4 is used for the heat transfer tube, and cooling water flows through the tube. The refrigerant vapor generated in the low-temperature regenerator 5 flows outside the pipe, is cooled by the cooling water in the pipe on the pipe surface, condenses and liquefies, and accumulates in the refrigerant tray. The refrigerant liquid condensed in the pipe of the low temperature regenerator 5 joins and is sent to the evaporator 2.

  The heat exchanger 6 includes a dilute dilute solution from the absorber 4 toward the high temperature regenerator 7, a medium concentration solution (intermediate solution) from the high temperature regenerator 7 to the low temperature regenerator 5, and the low temperature regenerator 5 to the absorber 4. Heat exchange between concentrated solutions flowing into The temperature of the solution in which the heat exchanger 6 also enters the high-temperature regenerator 7 is set as high as possible because the solution is heated by the combustion heat of the combustion device 8 in the high-temperature regenerator 7 and steam is generated. The lower the temperature is, the stronger the water-absorbing power from the evaporator 2 is, so heat exchange between the solutions is performed so as to be as low as possible.

  The absorption liquid pump 9 is used for pumping the absorption liquid from the absorber 4 to the high-temperature regenerator 7, and a rare solution may be recirculated to the absorber 4 depending on the model. Normally, the absorbing liquid pump 9 is controlled to start / stop or inverter to hold the liquid level in the regenerator at an appropriate position by a liquid level relay provided in the high temperature regenerator 7.

The refrigerant pump 10 is used for pumping the refrigerant accumulated in the tray of the evaporator 2 to the evaporator spraying device. In some cases, the refrigerant pump 10 may be controlled by an evaporator liquid level relay or a temperature controller to prevent idling. .
These absorption liquid pump 9 and refrigerant pump 10 preferably have a structure in which, for example, a motor and a pump are integrated, the motor is sealed with a can such as stainless steel, and there is no leakage of air from the outside.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a cold / hot water supply system using an absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass of the present invention as a heat source.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the cold / hot water supply system by the absorption chiller / heater 1 of the present invention, the absorption chiller / heater 1 generates, for example, 7 ° C. cooling water and uses it for cooling. On the other hand, for example, hot water of 55 ° C. can be supplied to the heating by the same absorption chiller / heater 1. Since it is possible to supply hot water at 80 ° C. without providing a pellet boiler 51 using wood pellets as a conventional fuel, the pellet boiler 51 and the temperature regulator 53 as shown in the conventional example of FIG. Therefore, the equipment can be made compact.

  Since the burner 11 for woody biomass which burns woody biomass is provided in the combustion apparatus 8 of this invention, the screw conveyor 14 for ash discharge | emission is provided. The combustion ash of the woody biomass burned by the woody biomass burner 11 is received by the hopper 15, and the combustion ash can be easily discharged by the ash discharge screw conveyor 14. Of course, it is also possible to discharge the combustion ash from the combustion device 8 by means other than the ash discharge screw conveyor 14.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment of the invention mentioned above, By using wooden biomass, such as a wooden pellet, as the heat source for the absorption chiller / heater 1 having a compact configuration, the wooden biomass can be efficiently used as a heat source. However, as long as it is a structure that can increase the facility utilization rate throughout the year for the absorption chiller / heater 1, it is not limited to the configuration shown in the figure, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. is there.

  The absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass of the present invention as a heat source can be used not only as air conditioning for air conditioning, but also for hot water supply equipment.

It is a layout view showing an absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass of the present invention as a heat source. It is explanatory drawing which shows the cold / hot water supply system by the absorption cold / hot water machine which used the woody biomass of this invention as the heat source. It is explanatory drawing which shows the cold / hot water supply system which consists of a conventional wood pellet boiler and an absorption chiller.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Absorption chiller / heater 2 Evaporator 3 Condenser 4 Absorber 5 Low temperature regenerator 6 Heat exchanger 7 High temperature regenerator 8 Combustion device 9 Absorption liquid pump 10 Refrigerant pump 11 Wood biomass burner 12 Silo 13 Supply screw conveyor 14 Ash Screw conveyor for discharge

Claims (7)

Evaporator (2), condenser (3), absorber (4), low temperature regenerator (5), heat exchanger (6), high temperature regenerator (7), combustion device (8), absorption liquid pump (9 And a refrigerant pump (10),
Absorption cold temperature which produces | generates cold water or warm water by introduce | transducing the combustion heat of this combustion apparatus (8) into a high temperature regenerator (7), and then guide | inducing an absorption liquid to the said low temperature regenerator (5) and the said absorber (4). A water machine (1),
An absorption chiller / heater using wood biomass as a heat source, wherein the burner (11) for burning wood biomass is provided in the combustion device (8). The absorption chiller / heater using woody biomass as a heat source, wherein the combustion device (8) is provided with a burner for fossil fuel together with the burner for woody biomass (11). The woody biomass supplied to the woody biomass burner (11) is wood pellets, and the absorption chiller / heater using woody biomass as a heat source. 3. The absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass as a heat source, wherein the woody biomass supplied to the woody biomass burner (11) is a wood chip. The absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass as a heat source, wherein the combustion device (8) includes a screw conveyor (13) for supplying woody biomass. The absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass as a heat source, characterized in that the combustion device (8) includes an ash discharge screw conveyor (14) for discharging the combustion ash of the woody biomass. The absorption chiller / heater using the woody biomass as a heat source, comprising a silo (12) for storing the woody biomass so as to be adjacent to the combustion device (8).

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