JP2006262884A - Mat material for seedling raising and vegetation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightweight mat material for raising seedling and vegetation excellent in seeding and raising and raising or planting seedling, and also assimilated into soil as roots expand and grow. <P>SOLUTION: The mat material for seedling raising and vegetation is such that the base material is foamed in a porous manner at an expansion ratio of 15 to 35 by heating or higher a macromolecular solution of a siloxane and a silanol salt or a gelatinized product thereof at 100°C and the surface of the base material is provided with corrugations or unevenesses having necessary level difference and pitches longitudinally or transversely. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The present invention relates to mat materials for sowing and raising seedlings or vegetation of flower buds, trees or vegetables, and more particularly, it is extremely lightweight and excellent in sowing and raising seedling vegetation and can be assimilated with soil by self-disintegration. The present invention relates to a seedling material and a mat material for vegetation which are extremely suitable as a seedling substrate.

  Flower buds, trees, and vegetables are originally simple and economical to sow in the open ground and grow under natural growth conditions. The growing conditions fluctuate drastically due to sunshine or dew, etc., and poor germination, root rot, arabic disease, or death due to this frequently occur, making stable sowing and raising seedlings difficult.

  For this reason, florets and vegetables are sown or raised in a nursery bed isolated from the open field conditions, and are transplanted or planted after being nurtured to the extent that they can grow under the open field conditions. In recent years, the number of part-time farmers and the integration and expansion of farmland have been increasing due to the nuclear family and labor migration to urban areas, etc., and it has not been possible to cope with artificial planting work on vast farmland. It is being shifted to mechanical planting work such as mechanization.

  In order to cope with such a situation, a peat pot or a paper pot formed in a cup shape using a material such as peat moss or recycled paper that retains corrosiveness is used, and the pots are filled with a required amount of culture soil. Although attempts have been made to perform mechanical planting after transplanting and growing, a large amount of labor and time are required for transplanting, in which a large number of pots are lined up and filled with an equal amount of culture soil for growing. In addition, the pots are made by pressure-molding peat moss and recycled paper waste into a pot shape, so that their drainage and air permeability are not the same, and there are some differences in the amount of culture soil to be filled. There is a big difference in the degree of training.

  In addition, the pots are lightweight and soft, and are extremely weakened by the impregnation of the cultivation soil and a large amount of water during growth. The problem that causes the trouble is inherent.

On the other hand, in recent years, with the reduction of green spaces due to excessive urbanization, combined with the paving of roads, the heating and cooling of buildings and facilities, and the socialization of automobiles, excessive carbon dioxide emissions and climate warming have occurred. Invited, a rooftop greening policy has been advocated as one of the urgent measures against these.
This rooftop greening is to plant flowers and trees on the rooftops and balconies of urban buildings and facilities, but in the case of vegetation due to soil, multiple loads are added to the buildings and facilities. Such buildings and facilities are not expected to be subjected to such loads, and therefore light vegetation materials that can replace soil are required.

  For this reason, vegetation materials such as rock materials intertwined with synthetic fiber materials, piled fabrics made of napped wool, rock wool intertwined with mineral fibers, or porous concrete blocks have been proposed and tested. However, rock materials and pile fabrics made of synthetic fibers can exhibit the entanglement support function of the roots that spread, but they must be used in combination with a large amount of soil. Thick enough to grow, it is extremely expensive and multi-volume, and the porous concrete block has a problem that only some trees with strong root growth ability can cope with it. .

  In view of such problems, the inventors have conducted extensive research, and as a result, water glass in which silicon oxide, which is a major component of natural ejecta such as weathered rocks, sand, and volcanic ash, that forms the soil, is once dissolved with an alkaline agent. Siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution obtained by polycondensation by the condensation action of silanol groups, or a siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight gel product obtained by dehydrating and concentrating the water content of the siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution However, it has high foaming, low specific gravity, porous permeability, water retention and moisture retention, and self-collapsed and assimilated with the soil, along with the root growth of vegetation florets and trees. The present invention has been clarified that it can be formed at a low cost, and that a glass-layered ceramic body can be formed by heating at a high temperature. Was Tsu.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive seedling and a mat material for planting that are extremely lightweight and excellent in sowing and raising seedlings or vegetation and that can be assimilated with soil as roots grow.

  Means for solving the above-mentioned problems include a siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution as a raw material, or a siloxane and silanol salt in which the water content of the siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution is dehydrated and concentrated to maintain plastic workability. A porous material with a foaming ratio of 15 to 35 times is formed by heating at a relatively low temperature of at least 100 ° C., and a silicon oxide base material that can be assimilated with soil is formed by self-disintegration. Or a porous substrate having a foaming ratio of 15 to 35 times due to a high temperature of 600 to 850 ° C., and a ceramic substrate is formed by glass layering, and the substrate has a required thickness. For raising seedlings and vegetation in which corrugated or uneven portions are formed with the required height difference and pitch interval in the vertical or horizontal direction in size and size The structure of the soot material and the base material is flat and holds the seeds to be sown and the seedlings to be transplanted and spread with roots at equal intervals over the entire surface with the required hole diameter and depth. It exists in the structure of the mat material for raising seedling and the vegetation in which the growth hole was formed.

  Furthermore, for mechanical planting, the holding and growing hole is arranged at the center thereof, and can be divided into a plurality of the same size with a slight additional force at a predetermined interval from the holding and growing hole. It exists in the structure of the seedlings and vegetation mat materials in which split grooves are formed at a depth ratio of 60 to 90% of the thickness from the upper surface or the lower surface of the base material in the vertical and horizontal directions. For vegetation over a long period of time, when forming a base material, a porous material is obtained by heating and foaming a siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution or gel at a foaming ratio of 15 to 35 times at a high temperature of at least 600 to 850 ° C. In addition, it is in a structure that maintains the durability of the glass-layered ceramic state, and in addition, it is necessary for the base material to promote sowing growth or seedling to be transplanted or growth of planted trees. Those existing in subjecting comprising comprises a dry after having a liquid manure is sprayed or impregnated.

  The present invention is configured as described above, and the base material on which the mat member is formed is a raw material made of siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution or a gel material thereof, and the raw material is made of silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, Because it is a composition with water, it is very safe because it does not elute harmful substances into sowing or raising seedlings or vegetated vegetables, flower buds or trees, and at a relatively low temperature of 100 ° C. or higher. By heating and foaming at a foaming ratio of 15 to 35 times, the bulk specific gravity is about 0.1 to 0.03, and it becomes an extremely light and porous molded body of silicon oxide, so that it has excellent water retention and moisture retention. At the same time, the foaming structure strength is suppressed by 15 to 35 times the foaming structure strength, so that seedlings grown or transplanted or vegetated trees can be easily rooted and grown. With the use elapses water embrittlement is promoted to be a foam structure of the state by self-disintegration it becomes possible to assimilate the soil.

  Furthermore, by heating and foaming the raw material siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution or gel material at a high temperature of 600 to 850 ° C., the glass layer of silicon oxide is similarly made extremely lightweight and porous. Because it has a ceramic-like foam structure, durability is maintained for a very long time. By doing so, the vegetated trees are firmly entangled and fixed.

  In the present invention, the corrugated portion or the uneven portion is formed in the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction of the base material, or the holding and growing holes are formed evenly on the entire surface. Since the seedling or transplantation can be easily carried out with a little culture soil or soil in the recessed part or in the holding and growing hole, and the overall weight can be set extremely lightly, the structural strength of the building or facility is specially increased. Installation is possible even if it is not reinforced.

  In addition, holding and growing holes are formed at equal intervals over the entire surface of the base material, and a depth of 60 to 90% of the thickness from the upper surface or the lower surface of the holding and growing holes in the vertical and horizontal directions at a predetermined interval. In the case where split grooves of a large proportion are formed, each of the divided grooves is easily divided by sowing and raising seedlings in the holding and growing holes and adding a slight bend. Since it has a shape and foam structure, it can be held firmly and continuously planted even during mechanical planting, and after planting it has many excellent features such as self-collapse and assimilation with soil. ing.

  A siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight gel is heated at a temperature of at least 100 ° C. and the foaming ratio is heated and foamed to 15 to 35 times to form a porous substrate, and the required thickness and size. The configuration in which the corrugated portion or the uneven portion having the required height difference and pitch interval is formed in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction of the base material.

  In the following, the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a siloxane and silanol salt polymolecular solution 1 or gel 1A used as a raw material of the present invention. It is cheap, safe and safe sowing and raising seedlings or cultivating flower buds, vegetables or trees, etc. A substrate 2 that is porous and can be assimilated into soil after growth is desired.

  A siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution 1 or a gel-like product 1A thereof is selected as a raw material for satisfying such conditions, and the siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution 1 is soil as shown in FIG. The silicon oxide, which is abundantly contained in inorganic industrial waste such as incineration sludge and casting waste sand, is first dissolved in an alkali agent to form water glass. In addition, in order to maintain the viscosity that can produce the foam structure due to the water evaporation, the molecular weight is increased to about 4,000 to 8,000 by the condensation action of silanol groups, and the composition As an aqueous solution having a solid content of siloxane and silanol salt of about 20 to 25% by weight and water of about 75 to 80% by weight. .

The siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution 1 generates a foamed structure due to moisture transpiration by heating at 100 ° C. or higher, and heat-fusibility, and a maximum foaming ratio of about 50 to 60 times under no pressure. Foam until.
However, the aqueous solution-like siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution 1 is greatly restricted in molding the substrate 2 of the present invention. That is, the base material 2 is usually molded by heating and foaming at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher after injecting and sealing the siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution 1 into the molding gap between the molding female mold and the molding male mold formed in a required shape. Thus, the molding gap is formed by foam filling.

Thus, since the base material 2 foams the foaming ratio from 15 to 35 times in terms of sowing and breeding, seedling or vegetation and usage, the siloxane and silanol salt polymolecular solution 1 as the raw material is A small volume of about 1/15 to 1/35 of the molding gap volume is injected.
If the substrate 2 to be molded is flat, foam molding is performed in the horizontal molding gap between the molding female mold having a horizontal bottom surface and the molding male mold having a horizontal sealing lid surface, so that a few raw materials Even in the injection, a horizontal foam is formed and uniform foaming is formed throughout.

  On the other hand, when the corrugated part 2A and the concavo-convex part 2B are formed with the required height difference and pitch interval in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the base material 2, or even in the case of the provisionally flat base material 2, In the case where the holding and growing hole 2C having the required diameter and depth is formed, the molded female mold and the molded male mold are formed so as to correspond to such a shape, so that a raw material material in an aqueous solution and a small injection volume is injected. In such a case, it is extremely difficult to form the base material 2 by forming a uniform foam in the forming gap over the entire portion of the concave portion such as the corrugated portion 2A, the concavo-convex portion 2B, or the holding and growing hole 2C. It becomes.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1B, by dehydrating and concentrating the water content of the siloxane and silanol salt multimolecular weight solution 1 to about 25 to 45% by weight, the plastic workability is maintained and the sheet or film shape is maintained. In addition to the gel-like product 1A, the gel-like product 1A is coordinated and held over the entire molding gap between the molded female mold and the molded male mold, and then heated and foamed to achieve uniform heating and foaming throughout. The base material 2 can be formed.

FIG. 2 is a sketch of the present invention 3 having a corrugated portion, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the same cross section. The present invention 3 is suitable as a mat material for growing or vegetation used for rooftop greening. As for the thickness of the material 2, about 60 to 120 mm is sufficient when the root growth is small like a flower bud, but about 120 to 360 mm is desirable when the root growth is large and growth enlargement such as a tree. However, the thickness of the base material 2 can be formed by a single sheet, or can be used by appropriately stacking several sheets.
Further, when the base material 2 is installed on the roof or balcony of a building or facility such as rooftop greening, a width of about 90 cm and a length of about 180 cm are advantageous for installation.

  In FIG. 2, the corrugated portion 2A is formed with the required height difference and pitch interval in the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction of the substrate 2, and the height difference and pitch interval of the corrugated portion 2A are raised or In the case of plants having a small degree of root growth or branch and leaf development, such as flowering plants, the difference in elevation, that is, the waveform portion 2A, varies depending on the degree of root spread and the degree of branch and leaf development, such as florets and trees to be vegetated. The substantial depth of the top portion 20 and the bottom portion 20A is preferably about 60 to 120 mm or more, and about 120 to 240 mm or more for a tree having a large degree of root expansion or branching and leaf development. Further, the distance l between the so-called continuous top portions 20 varies depending on the degree of branch and leaf development. However, since it is extremely multi-standard to prepare products suitable for each, the degree of root spread and the degree of branch and leaf development is small. The pitch interval is created at an appropriate interval of approximately 120 to 360 mm in accordance with the florets, and the vegetation of trees with large branches and leaves can be dealt with by vegetation at appropriate intervals.

  FIG. 4 is a sketch of the present invention 3A having an uneven portion, and even in the present invention 3A having the uneven portion 2B, the height difference, that is, the substantial depth and pitch interval between the top portion 21 and the bottom portion 21A of the uneven portion 2B. The distance L between the centers of the continuous top portions 21 may be formed in the same manner as the present invention 3 having the corrugated portion 2A, and the present invention 3A having the concavo-convex portion 2B is excellent in pressure strength and installation stability. It is suitable for vegetation of multiple trees. As a matter of course, for the purpose of growing and vegetation in the present invention 3 having the corrugated part 2A and the present invention 3A having the corrugated part 2B, seeding or transplanting of seedlings or trees and vegetation are carried out together with the culture soil and soil in the recessed part. Is made.

FIG. 5 is a view showing how rooftop greening is used, and the present invention 3 having the corrugated portion 2A and the present invention 3A having the concavo-convex portion 2B are used as a growing or vegetation mat material for rooftop greening. In addition, it is necessary to consider the case where rooftop greening is regularly vegetated and replaced, and when it is permanently vegetated.
In this case, the base material 2 forming the present invention 3 having the corrugated portion 2A and the present invention 3A having the concavo-convex portion 2B is a silicon oxide-type porous foam structure. It is also a very suitable vegetation mat material for vegetation replacement and installation replacement because it can self-collapse and assimilate with soil.

On the other hand, in the case of permanent vegetation, trees that have strong root-growth potential and that grow and enlarge are mainly vegetated, and these trees are thick enough as vegetation mats and grow thick. It is necessary to firmly fix the root of the tree with the vegetation mat material.
For this purpose, when the substrate 2 was formed, the siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution 1 or the gel-like product 1A was heated and foamed at a high temperature of 600 to 850 ° C. to form a glass layer from the silicon oxide state. It is desirable to use a ceramic substrate 22 that has a ceramic state, improved foam structure strength, and excellent water resistance and weather resistance.

  For specific vegetation, as shown in the figure, the protective sheet material 4 prevents the invasion of roots with strong root-growth ability into the roof and balcony walls, and also prevents the infiltration of mud during rainy weather. In the lower layer portion, a vegetation mat material made of a ceramic substrate 22 is coordinated, and the present invention 3 or 3A having the corrugated portion 2A or the concavo-convex portion 2B is coordinated in the upper layer portion. Then, a flower seedling or a tree seedling may be vegetated with an appropriate culture soil or soil 5 in the recessed portion.

In addition, since the present invention is used as a matting material for cultivating seedlings, seedlings or young plants to be cultivated for florets and vegetables, fertilizer is used for seed germination growth and seedling or seedling growth promotion. Management is also required.
Thus, the substrate 2 or the ceramic substrate 22 used in the present invention has a porous foam structure, a silicon oxide state, and a ceramic state. The use of a fertilizer that has been sprayed or impregnated in advance into the substrate 2 or the ceramic substrate 2A and then dried is extremely suitable.

FIG. 6 is a sketch of the present invention 3B having a holding and growing hole 2C, and the present invention 3B having the holding and growing hole 2C is a mat material particularly suitable for sowing and raising seedlings of vegetables and transplanting and planting, A flat substrate having a required thickness is used as the substrate 2, and holding and growing holes 2 </ b> C having a required hole diameter and depth are provided over the entire surface of the substrate 2 at equal intervals. ing.
The hole diameter and depth of the holding and growing hole 2C are not particularly limited, but for seeding and growing, the hole diameter is generally about 10 to 20 mm, and for seedling transplanting and fixed planting, about 30 to 60 mm is generally used. It is easy to use, and its depth is equivalent to the length of the hole diameter or about 1.5 times the depth is good from the growth test results.

Further, FIG. 6 shows that the holding and growing hole 2C is arranged at the center thereof and is divided into a large number, and is artificially planted or mechanically planted on the cultivated ground with a predetermined interval from the holding and growing hole 2C. It is understood that the dividing grooves 2D are formed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction at a depth ratio of 60 to 90% of the thickness from the upper surface of the substrate 2.
In such a case, the dividing groove 2D is not limited to the upper surface of the substrate 2, and may be formed at a depth ratio of 60 to 90% of the thickness from the lower surface of the substrate 2, and the dividing groove 2D. There is no particular restriction on the formation position, and it is determined in consideration of the root expansion of the seedlings to be cultivated or seeded and the extent of the branches and leaves. However, naturally, if the hole diameter of the holding and growing hole 2C is small, it is cultivated or seeded. The branch and leaf development of the seedling is small, and generally a distance corresponding to the diameter of the holding and growing hole 2C or about 1.5 times the diameter from the center of the holding and growing hole 2C is desirable.

  Thus, the present invention 3B in which the holding and growing holes 2C and the divided grooves 2D are formed is allowed to grow to a required size, and when artificially planted, only a slight bending force is applied along the divided grooves 2D. Each is divided, and when planting the machine, the present invention 3B is stored in the storage shelf of the planting machine, and when a bending force is applied along the dividing groove 2D in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, the machine is temporarily divided in that direction. In addition, the first divided base 2 is gripped and lifted by a gripping portion in the middle of the undivided split grooves 2D of the base material 2 so that it is easily divided and planted.

  If seeds to be seeded, seedlings for raising seedlings or seedlings for vegetation and culture soil or soil are prepared, rooftop greening, vegetable seeding and raising, raising seedlings or planting can be carried out immediately.

  It is explanatory drawing of a siloxane and a silanol salt polymolecular weight solution, and a gelled material.   It is a sketch of this invention which has a waveform part.   It is explanatory drawing of a waveform part.   It is a sketch of this invention which has an uneven | corrugated | grooved part.   It is a use mode figure of rooftop greening.   It is a sketch of this invention which has a holding | maintenance growth hole and a division groove.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Siloxane and silanol salt high molecular weight solution 1A Siloxane and silanol salt high molecular weight gel 2 Base material 2A Corrugated part 2B Concavity and convexity 2C Retention groove 2D Dividing groove 20 Top part of corrugated part 20A Bottom part of corrugated part 21 Top part of uneven part 21A The bottom part of the uneven part 22 Ceramic substrate 3 The present invention having a corrugated part 3A The present invention having an uneven part 3B The present invention having a holding growth hole and a dividing groove 4 Protective sheet material 5 Culture soil or soil

Claims (5)

  The substrate is formed by foaming a siloxane and silanol salt polymolecular weight solution or gel in a porous form with a foaming ratio of 15 to 35 times by heating at 100 ° C. or higher, and in the longitudinal direction or the lateral direction of the substrate. A mat for nurturing and vegetation characterized in that a corrugated portion or an uneven portion having a required height difference and pitch interval is formed.   The mating material for raising seedlings and vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the substrate has a flat shape, and holding and growing holes having a required hole diameter and depth are provided at equal intervals over the entire surface.   The upper or lower surface of the base material is vertically and laterally spaced from the holding and growing hole at a predetermined interval so that the holding and growing hole is coordinated at the center and divided into a plurality of pieces with the same size. The mat material for raising seedlings and vegetation according to claim 2, wherein the dividing grooves are formed at a depth ratio of 60 to 90% of the thickness.   The seedling according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is a siloxane and silanol salt multi-molecular weight solution or gel-like material heated at a temperature of 600 to 850 ° C to form a porous and glass layer at a foaming ratio of 15 to 35 times. Mat material for vegetation.   The mat material for raising seedlings and vegetation according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is sprayed or impregnated with liquid fertilizer and then dried.

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