JP2006260582A - Raidディスクサブシステムと統合されたファイルシステムのファイル割り当て方法 - Google Patents
Raidディスクサブシステムと統合されたファイルシステムのファイル割り当て方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】ディスクアレイ1030の各ディスク1022のために個別のCWLポインタを使用する。アルゴリズムは、RAID1030を効率化させることと読み出し動作を効率化させることを目的とし、そのため、最低位のCWLポインタを有するディスク1022上に常に書き込み、また、新規ファイルのためのスペースの割り当てが始まるとき、又は単一のファイルに同じディスク1022上のN個のブロックが割り当てられているときのみに、別のディスクを選ぶ。その結果、異なったディスク1024上でもCWLポインタはNブロックより離れず、大きなファイルも、同じディスク1022上のN個の連続するブロックに収めることができる。
【選択図】図19
Description
本発明は任意場所書き込みファイルシステムレイアウト(Write Anywhere File-system Layout)(WAFL)と名付けられたファイルシステムを採用するものである。広い意味では、WAFLはファイルシステムレイアウトの情報が記憶されているメタデータを記憶するファイルを利用するものである。このファイルシステムはフラグメントを一切用いない4キロバイトのブロックを用いるブロック単位で構成されるものである。WAFLファイルシステムにおける複数のファイルは全てiノードにより表され、iノードには各ファイルのサイズ、位置、制作者、その他ファイルに関する情報が含まれている。第3に、ディレクトリはこのシステムにおいては単なるファイルであり、それらファイルは特別にフォーマットがなされている。このWAFLにおいて2つの重要なインコア(コア内)のデータ構造はWAFLiノードとWAFLバッファである。WAFLiノードはファイルシステムにおいて特別のファイルを示すものである。それにはディスク上のiノードの全ての情報の外、他の情報が含まれる。WAFLバッファは、メモリになるファイルの1つの4キロバイトデータブロックを記憶するものである。
図6はWAFLiノード610の概略図を示す。ここにおいてファイルは間接WAFLバッファ620〜624と、直接WAFLバッファ630〜634から構成される。WAFLのインコアのiノード610は、標準的なiノード情報610A(ダーティバッファ(汚れたバッファ)のカウントを含む)、WAFLバッファデータ構造610B、16個のバッファポインタ610C、および標準的なオンディスクiノード610Dを含むものである。インコアのWAFLiノード610は約300バイトの大きさを有する。オンディスクiノードは128バイトの大きさを有する。WAFLバッファデータ構造610Bは2つのポインタを有し、第1番目のポインタは16個のバッファポインタ610Cを参照し、第2番目のポインタはオンディスクブロックナンバー610Dを参照する。
WAFLファイルシステムのWAFLのインコアのiノード(すなわち図6に示すWAFLiノード610)はそのステータスにより異なったリンクのリストで保全される。ダーティデータを含むiノードは図7に示すように、ダーティiノードリストに加えられる。従来から知られているように、ダーティではない有効なデータを含むiノードは別のリストに加えられ、有効なデータを全くもたないiノードはさらに別なリストに加えられる。本発明においてはダーティデータブロックを有するiノードのリストを利用するので、書き込みのために割り当てを行う必要がある全てのiノードを見つけ出す機能を容易にすることができる。
図3は本発明に係るファイル割り当て方法を示すフローチャートである。このアルゴリズムはステップ310のスタートから始まる。ステップ320においてダーティブロックを有するiノードのリストからダーティブロックを含むiノードが選択される。ステップ330において、iノードで表されたツリー構造のバッファは、書き込みのためにディスクに割り当てられる。判定ブロック340においては、ダーティリストにある全てのiノードが処理されたかどうかの判定が行われる。もし判定結果が偽(NO)であれば、ステップ320に戻る。しかし、判定ブロック340の結果が真(YES)であれば、ステップ350へ進む。ステップ350において、全ての書き込みが行われていないストライプはディスク上に書き出される。そしてステップ360でこのアルゴリズムは終了する。キャッシュにあるファイルが割り当てのために選択されれば、まずディレクトリの割り当てが行われる。次に、ファイルは、最後に使用されてから最も時間が経過したものを選択する基準(lest-recently-used(LRU)basis)に基づいて割り当てが行われる。
図7に示すダーティiノードのリスト710は、図3に示すフローチャートに基づき以下のように処理される。ステップ320において、iノード720はダーティiノードのリスト710から選びだされる。WAFLのインコアのiノード720により参照されるツリー構造のバッファについては、ステップ330において書き込みのための割り当てが行われる。判断ブロック340においてダーティiノードのリスト720にあるすべてのiノードが処理されたか否かが判断される。判断ブロック340の結果が偽(NO)であれば、ステップ320へ進む。ステップ320では、ダーティバッファを有する次のiノード722が選ばれる。iノード722はリスト710における前のiノード720によって参照される。ステップ330において、WAFLのインコアのiノード722によって参照されるツリー構造のバッファについて、書き込みのための割り当てが行われる。判断ブロック340において、ダーティiノードのリスト710にあるすべてのiノードが処理されたか否かが判断される。判断ブロック340の結果が偽(NO)であったとする。この場合はiノード730および740は同様な方法で処理される。ステップ330において、iノード740について、書き込みのための割り当てが行われた場合、判断ブロック340においてダーティリストにおけるすべてのiノードが処理されたか否かがチェックされる。判断ブロック340の結果が偽(NO)であれば、ステップ320に進む。
図8は、iノード810により参照されるバッファ820〜850,860A〜860F,870A〜870Dのツリー構造の割り当てを示すものである。WAFLiノード810は16個のバッファポインタ810Aと、16個のバッファポインタ810Aを参照するWAFLバッファデータ構造810Bで構成される。図8において、間接バッファ820および830はダーティであり、間接バッファ840〜850はクリーンである。同様に直接バッファ860A〜860Bおよび860Dはダーティであり、直接870Bもダーティである。残りのすべてのバッファはクリーンである。ここでは、図6で示したWAFLバッファの簡単化されたものが示されている。この図8における簡単化されたブロック図は図5に示すアルゴリズムを説明するためのものである。
図9はメモリに記憶されたキャッシュ920と、パリティディスクとデータディスク0〜3で構成されるRAIDアレイのディスクスペース910が示されている。図5に示したスペース割り当てアルゴリズムについて、図9の4つのファイル940〜946を参照しながらさらに詳述する。最初、データディスク0〜3のCWLポインタは同じブロックにセットされている。カレント書き込み位置ポインタ930A〜930Dはそれぞれデータディスク0〜3のデータブロック950B〜950Eを参照する。図9に示すように4つのファイル940〜946はキャッシュ920に含まれている。最初のファイル940は2つのダーティブロックF1−0、F1−1で構成される。第2のファイル942は16個のダーティブロックF2−0からF2−15で構成される。第3のファイル944は4つのダーティブロックF3−0からF3−3で構成される。第4のファイル946は2つのダーティブロックF4−0、F4−1で構成される。ディスクスペース910のデータディスク0〜3において×印は割り当てがなされたブロックを示す。さらに、キャッシュ920にはデータディスク0〜3のそれぞれに対応する4つのディスクキュー920A〜920Dが示されている。
上述したWAFLファイルシステムのためのRAIDアレイに対して書き込みのために割り当てる方法は、“循環書き込み”アルゴリズムを用いたものである。この方法は、ディスクを循環してバッファをRAIDアレイに書き込むもので、1本のストライプのすべてのディスクブロックに割り当てが行なわれるものである。ストライプへの順次書き込みは、少なくとも1つのブロックがフリーにされなければならないという点を除いて、ストライプにおいて割り当てられるフリーブロックの数に依存するものではない。このようにして、ストライプでの書き込みのための割り当ては、RAIDアレイにおけるディスクの最後まで進められる。ディスクの最後に達すれば、書き込みのための割り当ては、ディスクの始めに戻り、そこから続けられる。
620〜624,820〜850…間接WAFLバッファ、
630〜634,860A〜860F,870A〜870D…直接WAFLバッファ、
710…ダーティiノードのリスト、
910…ディスクスペース、
920…キャッシュ、
1010…コンピュータ、
1012…中央演算装置(CPU)、
1014…メモリ、
1016,1026…バス、
1020…パリティディスク、
1022〜1024…データディスク、
1030…RAIDアレイ、
1040…ネットワークコントローラ、
1050…RAIDコントローラ。
Claims (14)
- 1つ又は複数のデータブロックを含む複数のファイルを有するファイルシステムを、複数の記憶ブロックを有する複数の記憶装置を備えた記憶システムと統合する方法であって、
上記記憶システムに係る現在の構成情報であって、上記複数の記憶装置の各々に係る少なくとも1つのカレント書き込み位置ポインタを含む構成情報を、上記ファイルシステムに供給するステップと、
上記構成情報に応答して、上記ファイルシステムのためのデータを上記複数の記憶装置に書き込むステップとを含む方法。 - 上記複数の記憶装置の各々に係る上記カレント書き込み位置ポインタは、上記記憶システムによって保持される請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記データを上記複数の記憶装置に書き込むステップは、最下位の上記カレント書き込み位置ポインタを有する上記記憶装置のうちの1つに、あるファイルのためのデータを書き込むことをさらに含む請求項1記載の方法。
- 上記データを上記複数の記憶装置に書き込むステップは、上記データが他のファイルのためのものであるとき、又は、予め決められた個数のブロックが上記ファイルに関して上記複数の記憶装置のうちの1つにすでに書き込まれているときにのみ、データを他の記憶装置に書き込むことをさらに含む請求項3記載の方法。
- 上記記憶システムはRAIDアレイを備え、上記複数の記憶装置は上記RAIDアレイの中に複数のディスクドライブを備える請求項1記載の方法。
- コンピュータシステムから、複数の記憶ブロックを有する複数の記憶装置を備えた記憶システム中のそれら複数の記憶ブロックにデータを書き込む方法であって、
上記ファイルシステムのためのオンディスクiノードであって、複数のファイルが上記複数の記憶ブロックにおいてどのように格納されるかを記述する複数のオンディスクiノードを、上記記憶システム中の上記複数の記憶ブロックにおいて保持するステップと、
上記データのためのインコアiノードであって、上記データが上記コンピュータシステム中の複数のバッファにおいてどのように格納されるかを記述する複数のインコアiノードを、上記コンピュータシステムにおいて保持するステップと、
上記複数のインコアiノードにおいて記述された上記複数のバッファに係る深さ優先−ポストビジト−トラバーサルにより、上記記憶システムの上記複数の記憶ブロックに上記データを書き込みのために割り当てるステップと、
上記書き込みのために割り当てるステップに応答して、上記データを上記複数の記憶ブロックに書き込むステップとを含む方法。 - 上記記憶システムはRAIDアレイを備え、上記複数の記憶装置は上記RAIDアレイの中に複数のディスクドライブを備える請求項6記載の方法。
- ファイルシステムと統合化された記憶システムであって、
1つ又は複数のデータブロックを備えた複数のファイルを有するファイルシステムと、
複数の記憶ブロックを有する複数の記憶装置を備えた記憶システムと、
上記記憶システムの現在の構成情報を上記ファイルシステムに供給するコントローラとを備え、上記現在の構成情報は、上記複数の記憶装置の各々に係る少なくとも1つのカレント書き込み位置ポインタを含み、
上記ファイルシステムは、上記構成情報に応答してデータを上記複数の記憶装置に書き込む記憶システム。 - 上記複数の記憶装置の各々に係る上記カレント書き込み位置ポインタは、上記記憶システムによって保持される請求項8記載の記憶システム。
- 上記データを上記複数の記憶装置に書き込むステップは、最下位の上記カレント書き込み位置ポインタを有する上記記憶装置のうちの1つに、あるファイルのためのデータを書き込むことをさらに含む請求項8記載の記憶システム。
- 上記データを上記複数の記憶装置に書き込むステップは、上記データが他のファイルのためのものであるとき、又は、予め決められた個数のブロックが上記ファイルに関して上記複数の記憶装置のうちの1つにすでに書き込まれているときにのみ、データを他の記憶装置に書き込むことをさらに含む請求項10記載の記憶システム。
- 上記記憶システムはRAIDアレイを備え、上記複数の記憶装置は上記RAIDアレイの中に複数のディスクドライブを備える請求項8記載の記憶システム。
- ファイルシステムと統合化された記憶システムとを備えたコンピュータシステムであって、
複数の記憶ブロックを有する複数の記憶装置を備えた記憶システムと、
上記複数の記憶ブロックに書き込まれるデータのための複数のバッファと、
上記ファイルシステムのためのオンディスクiノードであって、複数のファイルが上記複数の記憶ブロックにおいてどのように格納されるかを記述する複数のオンディスクiノードを、上記記憶システム中の上記複数の記憶ブロックにおいて保持するコントローラとを備え、
上記コンピュータシステムは、上記データのためのインコアiノードであって、上記データが上記コンピュータシステム中の上記複数のバッファにおいてどのように格納されるかを記述する複数のインコアiノードを保持し、
上記ファイルシステムは、上記複数のインコアiノードにおいて記述された上記複数のバッファに係る深さ優先−ポストビジト−トラバーサルにより、上記記憶システムの上記複数の記憶ブロックに上記データを割り当て、
上記ファイルシステムは、当該ファイルシステムによる割り当てに応答して、上記データを上記複数の記憶ブロックに書き込むコンピュータシステム。 - 上記記憶システムはRAIDアレイを備え、上記複数の記憶装置は上記RAIDアレイの中に複数のディスクドライブを備える、請求項13記載のファイルシステムと統合化された記憶システムとを備えたコンピュータシステム。
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US7164093A | 1993-06-03 | 1993-06-03 |
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JP50200195A Division JP3862274B2 (ja) | 1993-06-03 | 1994-06-02 | Raidディスクサブシステムと統合されたファイルシステムのファイル割り当て方法 |
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JP50200195A Expired - Lifetime JP3862274B2 (ja) | 1993-06-03 | 1994-06-02 | Raidディスクサブシステムと統合されたファイルシステムのファイル割り当て方法 |
JP2006107735A Pending JP2006260582A (ja) | 1993-06-03 | 2006-04-10 | Raidディスクサブシステムと統合されたファイルシステムのファイル割り当て方法 |
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EP (2) | EP1197836A3 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP3862274B2 (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE222384T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69431186T2 (ja) |
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EP0701716A4 (en) | 1999-11-17 |
DE69431186T2 (de) | 2003-05-08 |
DE69431186D1 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
US6038570A (en) | 2000-03-14 |
HK1013871A1 (en) | 1999-09-10 |
EP0701716A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
EP1197836A2 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
JPH08511369A (ja) | 1996-11-26 |
WO1994029796A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
EP1197836A3 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
JP3862274B2 (ja) | 2006-12-27 |
EP0701716B1 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
ATE222384T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
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