JP2006257646A - Replacement method for cutter bit of shield machine and shield machine to which the replacement method is applicable - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a replacement method for a cutter bit capable of replacing the cutter bit while reducing a time under safe working environmental conditions. <P>SOLUTION: A center bit 4 is installed at the center part 2 of a rotating panel 1. A cutter spoke 7 having the cutter bit 9 and extending from the center part 2 in the radial direction is installed slidably in the radial direction. A replacement working space 6 is formed on the rear side of the center bit 4. To prevent sediment from flowing in, the replacement working space 6 is filled up by filling water therein at a feeding pressure high than the pressure of the outside. The cutter spoke 7 is stored in the replacement working space 6. After the water is drained from the replacement working space 6 in the cutoff state of the inflow of sediment, the replacement of the cutter bit 9 is performed in the replacement working space 6. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging method and a shield excavator to which the exchanging method can be applied, in which a cutter bit of a shield engraver can be replaced while reducing the time under safe working environment conditions.

  Conventionally, in shield machines, as a method of exchanging worn cutter bits, a ground improvement agent is injected into the ground directly above the planned stop position, and the shield machine is directed to the planned stop position. Cutter bit replacement methods are known, such as changing the cutter bit into the chamber of the shield machine, replacing the cutter bit individually, checking the wear condition of the cutter bit, and exchanging all the cutter bits at once. ing.

  In addition, when the bit is connected to the chain and the cutter bit is exchanged, a cutter bit exchange method is also known in which the cutter bit connected to the chain is drawn into the chamber for exchange.

In addition, in order to achieve uniform wear of the cutter bit, a technique for advancing and retreating the cutter spoke in which the cutter bit is arranged at an interval in the radial direction is also known (for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-27523 A

  However, in conventional shield machines, the equipment for exchanging cutter bits becomes large, which increases the production cost of shield machines, and works in a narrow work environment with concerns about collapse of natural ground. Since it must be performed, it cannot always be easily replaced under a safe environment, and there is a problem that it takes time to replace the cutter bit.

  When a ground improver is injected into the ground and the ground is improved and the cutter bit is replaced, safety is improved, but there is a concern that the construction cost will increase as a whole.

  A relay bit method is known as a highly secure cutter bit replacement method without incurring such an increase in construction costs. In a shield machine that can be applied to this, an exchange work space extending in the radial direction along the cutter spoke is provided on the back side of the face board as a cutter. An operator can enter the replacement work space through a shaft that is a rotating shaft of the face plate. The cutter bit is attached to a special ball valve. The ball valve is configured to be reversible in a state in which the mounting portion is closed. The operator enters the replacement work space, reverses the ball valve, pulls out the worn cutter bit using a jack, inserts a new cutter bit, inverts the ball valve, and replaces the cutter bit.

  However, in the relay bit method, since it is necessary to attach the cutter bit to the ball valve, the arrangement position of the cutter bit is restricted to the position where the ball valve can be arranged.

  A tele-spoke bit method is known as another cutter bit replacement method. In the shield machine that can be applied to this, the cutter spoke has a triple structure including the inner tube and the slide frame. An operator takes a single cutter bit into a cutter spoke with a hydraulic jack, and then rotates an inner tube into which a slide frame is incorporated by 180 °. As a result, the opening for the cutter bit is closed with the inner tube, and inflow of earth or sand or water into the cutter spoke is prevented. Thereafter, the slide frame is pulled out, and the cutter bits are sequentially replaced from within the shield machine.

  However, in the tele-spoke bit method, it is necessary to have a structure in which the cutter spoke is divided into short pieces. In addition, since the exchange work space is narrow, it takes time to exchange the cutter bit.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to replace a cutter bit of a shield machine, and to perform a cutter bit replacement method capable of reducing time under a safe working environment condition and this The object is to provide a shield machine capable of applying the exchange method.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the cutter bit replacement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that a center bit is provided at a central portion of a rotating cutter and the cutter spoke has a cutter bit and extends from the central portion in a radial direction. Is a cutter bit exchanging method of a shield machine in which an exchange work space is provided on the back side of the center bit, and the exchange work space is fed higher than the external pressure. Water is injected by water pressure and filled with filling water, the cutter spoke is accommodated in the replacement work space, and after draining from the replacement work space, the cutter bit is replaced in the replacement work space.

  The cutter bit replacement method according to claim 2 is the cutter bit replacement method according to claim 1, wherein the cutter prevents the earth and sand from flowing into the replacement work space. After the replacement work space is filled with filling water, the first gate is opened, the cutter spoke is accommodated in the replacement work space, the first gate is closed, and then the replacement work space. It is characterized by draining from.

  The cutter bit replacement method according to claim 3 is the cutter bit replacement method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a passage passes through the replacement work space, and the cutter includes: A second gate for preventing the filling water filled in the exchange work space from entering the passage is provided, and the second gate is opened after draining from the exchange work space.

  The shield machine according to claim 4, wherein a center bit is provided at a central portion of a rotating cutter, and a cutter spoke having a cutter bit extending radially from the central portion is provided slidably in the radial direction, and A shield excavator provided with an exchange work space on the back side of the center bit, wherein the exchange work space has a passage, and the cutter is used for accommodating the cutter spoke in the exchange work space. A first gate that is opened and closed and has a water-stopping property, and a second gate that is opened and closed to interrupt communication between the passage and the exchange work space, and the first gate and the first gate With the two gates closed, the replacement work space is filled with filling water poured by a water supply pressure higher than the external pressure, and the first gate is opened. The cutter spoke is accommodated in the exchange work space filled with filling water through the first gate, the first gate is closed, and the second gate is opened after draining from the exchange work space, It is characterized in that the exchange work space is made equal to atmospheric pressure.

  The shield machine according to claim 5 is the shield machine according to claim 4, wherein the replacement work space is provided so as to protrude from the cutter spoke in the drilling direction.

  According to the cutter bit replacement method of the present invention, the cutter bit replacement work can be performed in the replacement work space in which inflow of earth or the like is prevented. For this reason, replacement work can be performed in a safe work environment, and work efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the cutter bit is submerged and cleaned in the replacement work space, the hygiene of the environmental conditions of the replacement work can be improved and the replacement work can be facilitated. Furthermore, since the entire cutter spoke is slid and accommodated in the replacement work space on the back side of the center bit, the time for the replacement work can be greatly shortened.

  Embodiments of a method for replacing a cutter bit of a shield machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  In this embodiment, a face plate 1 is employed as a cutter provided in a shield machine (not shown) according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing the face plate 1. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II shown in FIG.

  The face plate 1 is advanced in the excavation direction (see arrow A). The face plate 1 has a disk shape as a whole, and has a central portion 2 and a cutter spoke placement plate portion 3. The cutter spoke disposing plate portion 3 is provided on the outer periphery of the central portion 2. The central portion 2 protrudes from the cutter spoke disposing plate portion 3 in the digging direction. A fishtail bit 4 as a center bit is provided on the front end side of the central portion 2 in the digging direction. As shown in FIG. 2, a shaft 5 is attached to the rear end side of the central portion 2 in the digging direction. The face plate 1 rotates as the shaft 5 rotates. A cutter spoke 7 to be described later is disposed on the cutter spoke disposing plate portion 3.

  The central portion 2 protrudes from the cutter spoke disposing plate portion 3 in the digging direction, and the space on the back side of the fish tail bit 4 is enlarged, and this space is used as an exchange work space 6.

  The cutter spoke disposing plate portion 3 is provided with a cutter spoke 7 extending in the radial direction. The cutter spoke 7 is provided with a plurality of cutter bits 9. The cutter bits 9 are arranged at intervals in the radial direction.

  The cutter-spoke arrangement plate part 3 is provided with a groove-shaped spoke installation space 10. In the present embodiment, the spoke installation space 10 is provided every 90 ° in the rotation direction of the face plate 1 (see FIG. 1). A fixed cutter bit (not shown) is provided between the spoke installation spaces 10 of the cutter spoke disposing plate part 3. Each cutter spoke 7 is disposed in the spoke installation space 10. Each of the spoke installation spaces 10 extends along the radial direction by the cutter spoke disposing plate portion 3 and communicates with the replacement work space 6. Each cutter spoke 7 is slidable between the spoke installation space 10 and the exchange work space 6. A known drive mechanism such as a winch or a jack is used to slide each cutter spoke 7.

  In the shaft 5, a passage 12 for the operator 11 is formed. The passage 12 leads to the replacement work space 6.

  Between the exchange work space 6 and each spoke installation space 10, an openable and closable knife gate valve 13 is provided. Each knife gate type valve 13 has a water-stopping property and is closed to prevent earth and sand or water from flowing into the exchange work space 6. Similarly, a knife gate type valve 14 is provided between the exchange work space 6 and the passage 12. Normally, each knife gate valve 13 and knife gate valve 14 are closed.

  Next, a method for replacing the cutter bit 9 according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 3: is typical sectional drawing which shows the replacement | exchange method of the cutter bit 9 which concerns on this invention by (a)-(d) along a procedure.

  First, the replacement work space 6 is filled with water supply pressure higher than the external pressure in front of the face plate 1, the replacement work space 6 is filled with filling water, and the water pressure is equal to the pressure of the external earth or sand or water. Or more (see FIGS. 3A and 3B). For this filling water, muddy water, water, and a mud material are used.

  Next, the knife gate valve 13 corresponding to the cutter spoke 7 to be replaced is opened above the replacement work space 6. Thereafter, the cutter spoke 7 is slid from the spoke installation space 10 to the replacement work space 6 (see FIG. 3B). At this time, since the exchange work space 6 is pressure balanced with the outside, the inflow of outside earth and sand or water is prevented. In addition, the cutter spoke 7 is immersed in the water of the exchange work space 6.

  After the cutter spoke 7 is accommodated in the replacement work space 6, the knife gate valve 13 is closed (see FIG. 3C). After this closing, the replacement work space 6 is drained. Even if soil or the like enters the replacement work space 6, it is discharged along with this drainage.

  After draining from the replacement work space 6, the knife gate type valve 14 is opened (see FIG. 3D). As a result, the exchange work space 6 is set to an equal pressure in the shield machine (not shown). A manlock can be used instead of the knife gate type valve 14.

  After confirmation of water stoppage and prevention of sediment inflow, the worker 11 enters the replacement work space 6 from the passage 12. The worker 11 inspects and replaces the cutter bit 9 of the cutter spoke 7 accommodated.

  According to the method for replacing the cutter bit 9, the following effects can be obtained.

  (1) The worker 11 can inspect and replace the cleaned cutter bit 9 in a shield machine (not shown) under equal atmospheric pressure and in a favorable working environment. Safety is improved.

  (2) Since the inflow of earth or sand or water or the like from the outside into the exchange work space 6 is prevented by using the pressure of the filled water, the external earth or sand or water is surely provided without providing a complicated mechanism. Or the like can be prevented from flowing into the exchange work space.

  (3) The operator 11 can check and replace all the cutter bits 9 attached to the cutter spoke 7 by the operation of accommodating the cutter spoke 7 in the replacement work space 6 once. For this reason, the working time can be greatly shortened, and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

  Moreover, in the shield machine which can apply this exchange method, the center part 2 of the face board 1 protrudes from the cutter spoke arrangement | positioning board part 3 in the excavation direction, and the exchange work space 6 is expanded, The accommodated cutter spoke 7 has a place to check and replace the cutter bit 9. For this reason, the thickness dimension of the cutter spoke arrangement | positioning board part 3 can be made substantially equal to the thickness dimension of the conventional face board.

  Further, since the exchange work space 6 protrudes from the position where the cutter spoke 7 is disposed in the excavation direction, the cutter spoke 7 is slid in the radial direction without the need for displacement of the cutter spoke 7 in the excavation direction. It can be accommodated in the work space 6.

  After the replacement, the cutter spoke 7 can be returned to the original position by a known means in a procedure opposite to the previous work procedure.

  In addition, although the present Example demonstrated the muddy water type shield machine, it is not limited to this, This invention is applied also to the muddy type shield machine which does not have the cutter spoke arrangement | positioning board part 3. FIG. Can do.

It is a front view of the face board of the shield machine according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which follows the II line | wire shown in FIG. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the exchange method of the cutter bit which concerns on this invention along a procedure.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Face board 2 Center part 4 Fishtail bit 6 (as a center bit) Replacement work space 7 Cutter spoke 9 Cutter bit 11 Worker 12 Passage 13 Knife gate type valve 14 (as the first gate) (Second gate) As a knife gate valve

Claims (5)

A center bit is provided at the center of the rotating cutter, a cutter spoke having a cutter bit extending radially from the center is provided to be slidable in the radial direction, and an exchange work space is provided on the back side of the center bit. A method for exchanging a cutter bit of a shield machine,
The replacement work space is filled with filling water with a water supply pressure higher than an external pressure, the cutter spoke is accommodated in the replacement work space, drained from the replacement work space, and then the replacement work space A cutter bit exchanging method characterized by exchanging a cutter bit.   The cutter is provided with a first gate for preventing sediment and the like from flowing into the replacement work space, and after the replacement work space is filled with filling water, the first gate is opened and the replacement work is performed. The cutter bit replacement method according to claim 1, wherein the cutter spoke is accommodated in a space, and after the first gate is closed, the cutter bit is drained from the replacement work space.   The exchange work space has a passage, and the cutter is provided with a second gate for preventing the filling water filled in the exchange work space from entering the passage. The cutter bit replacement method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second gate is opened after draining from the space. A center bit is provided at the center of the rotating cutter, a cutter spoke having a cutter bit extending radially from the center is provided to be slidable in the radial direction, and an exchange work space is provided on the back side of the center bit. Shield shield machine,
The exchange work space has a passage, and the cutter is opened and closed for accommodating the cutter spoke in the exchange work space, and has a water stop, the passage and the exchange work space. A second gate that is opened and closed to interrupt communication with the
In the state where the first gate and the second gate are closed, the replacement work space is filled with the filling water poured by the water supply pressure higher than the external pressure, the first gate is opened, and the filling water is filled. The cutter spoke is accommodated in the exchange work space that has been passed through the first gate, the first gate is closed, the second gate is opened after draining from the exchange work space, and the exchange work space is large. A shield machine characterized by equal pressure. The shield excavation machine according to claim 4, wherein the replacement work space is provided so as to protrude from the cutter spoke in the excavation direction.

Images