JP2006255537A - Method and apparatus for treating garbage and paper refuse - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of solubilizing a to-be-treated material comprising garbage and paper refuse by solubilizing hydrogen fermentation and methane fermentation, promoting generation of hydrogen and acid and production of methane efficiently and improving the digesting rate by raising the gasification efficiency of organic matter. <P>SOLUTION: The method is an anaerobic treating method based on anaerobic treatment of a to-be-treated material comprising garbage and paper refuse and is characterized by performing digestion through a combination of a solubilizing hydrogen fermentation treatment and a methane fermentation treatment by the use of a solubilizing hydrogen fermentation vessel and a methane fermentation vessel. The gas-phase product is used as a fuel, and the solid-phase product as an organic fertilizer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention quickly decomposes organic matter in the object to be treated by utilizing solubilized hydrogen fermentation and methane fermentation for both garbage and paper waste discharged from homes, restaurants, offices, food factories, etc. The present invention relates to a digestion method and apparatus.

  In recent years, the anaerobic digestion method has attracted attention as a method for treating organic waste such as garbage and sewage sludge. In the conventional anaerobic digestion method, there is a problem that the decomposition rate of organic substances and the digestion gas generation rate are not sufficiently high, and therefore, it is necessary to prepare a digestion tank that is large to some extent. However, if the decomposition rate of organic matter is increased, the digester can be made more compact, and the economic efficiency and energy balance can be improved.

For anaerobic digestion, granule with self-aggregated microorganisms called UASB method (upward flow type anaerobic sludge blanket method) is used. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1) However, since this method cannot decompose solids so much, it is used exclusively for the treatment of organic wastewater with low suspended solids, and wastewater containing a large amount of solids. It is also unsuitable for anaerobic treatment of organic waste that is mostly solid.
Moreover, although the hydrogen fermentation method of organic waste is proposed, this is a method of performing hydrogen fermentation under reduced pressure slight anaerobic conditions (for example, refer patent document 2), The purification process of the hydrogen fermentation liquid after fermentation processing The problem remains.

Further, a more stable hydrogen fermentation method has been proposed. This is an invention relating to a method for stably performing hydrogen fermentation by controlling the residence time in the hydrogen fermenter (see, for example, Patent Document 3). ) The problem of processing the hydrogen fermentation broth after the treatment is still not solved.
Furthermore, although a method for promoting hydrogen fermentation has been proposed, it is a technique for heating the raw material to promote the activity of the hydrogen-fermenting microorganisms (see, for example, Patent Document 4). The problem of processing the fermentation liquor remains.

  Regarding the disposal of waste paper to be recycled, shredder paper to be disposed of, and paper waste such as household waste, it is generally regenerated by physical means such as separation and crushing and chemical treatment means including deinking treatment. In addition, a large amount is also subject to incineration. However, there has been no low-cost treatment and effective utilization method for paper waste targeted for disposal, and biological treatment methods, particularly techniques for anaerobic fermentation, have not been fully researched.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-319782 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-031998 JP 2002-272491 A JP 2003-135089 A

When processing paper waste, the balance of nutrient substrates is poor with paper waste alone, and pretreatment such as fiber refinement and homogenization is inadequate. In the conventional one-tank methane fermentation such as garbage, the growth of methane-producing microorganisms is slow and the methane production reaction is slow, so it is necessary to take a long residence time and hydrogen gas is not generated. There was a point.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a solubilized hydrogen fermentation process in which an organic substance is solubilized and hydrogen gas is generated in an anaerobic digestion treatment method in which an object to be treated consisting of garbage and paper waste is decomposed in the presence of anaerobic microorganisms. And by methane fermentation treatment that generates methane gas, solubilization of raw garbage and paper waste, hydrogen / acid generation, and methane generation are efficiently advanced, and gasification efficiency of organic matter is increased to improve digestion rate. As a result, the digester is further miniaturized, and the degree of purification of the processing waste liquid is increased by improving the decomposition rate of the hardly-decomposable cellulose and hemicellulose. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus in which the obtained gas and solid can be used effectively.

As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor treated paper waste and garbage at the same time, and performed hydrogen fermentation treatment and methane fermentation treatment in separate treatment tanks, respectively. It came to be completed.
That is, the present invention
(1) A method for anaerobic digestion treatment of food waste and paper waste, comprising a solubilized hydrogen fermenter and a methane fermenter, and digesting with a combination of solubilized hydrogen fermenter and methane fermenter A method of treating garbage and paper waste, characterized by
(2) The method for treating garbage and paper waste according to (1), wherein the solubilized hydrogen fermentation treatment and / or the methane fermentation treatment is a high-temperature fermentation treatment,
(3) The method for treating garbage and paper waste according to (1), wherein the digested liquid after methane fermentation is returned to the solubilized hydrogen fermenter,
(4) The method for treating garbage and paper waste according to (1) or (2), wherein the methane fermentation treatment is an immobilized methane fermentation treatment comprising an immobilized carrier,
(5) A method for anaerobically treating an object to be treated consisting of raw garbage and paper waste, and (I) solubilization and hydrogen fermentation in a solubilized hydrogen fermenter containing hydrolyzing microorganisms and hydrogen-fermenting microorganisms (II) the step of producing methane in the methane fermentation tank in the presence of methane fermentation microorganisms, (III) the digestion solution obtained in the step (II) A method for treating garbage and paper waste, comprising the step of returning to the step (I),
(6) The gas phase part containing hydrogen gas generated in the step (I) and the gas phase part containing methane gas generated in the step (II) are used as fuels. A method of disposing of garbage and paper waste described in, and
(7) An anaerobic digester for garbage and paper waste, comprising a solubilized hydrogen fermenter and a methane fermenter separately, according to any one of (1) to (6) Anaerobic digester used for the treatment of garbage and paper waste,
Is to provide.

  According to the present invention, paper waste can be treated with raw garbage at a low cost, and the hardly biodegradable substance present in the paper waste also functions as a microorganism carrier. Since garbage and paper waste are subjected to solubilized hydrogen fermentation treatment and methane fermentation treatment in separate tanks in order, microorganisms involved in digestion and digestion are maintained in optimal conditions such as temperature and pH in each tank, The decomposition rate is fast and hydrogen gas and methane gas are generated more quickly. Therefore, the size of the treatment tank with respect to the treatment amount can be made more compact. The obtained hydrogen gas and methane gas can be effectively used as fuel, power source gas, etc., and the fermentation residue becomes a high-quality organic fertilizer with a low salinity. Further, the treatment waste liquid has a higher degree of purification than the conventional fermentation treatment liquid.

A preferred embodiment of the method for treating garbage and paper waste according to the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention comprises two fermenters, a solubilized hydrogen fermenter and a methane fermenter, and performs a solubilized hydrogen fermenter and a methane fermenter, respectively. Although the microorganisms involved in solubilized hydrogen fermentation have a high growth rate and a high reaction rate, the conventional one-tank methane fermentation takes a long residence time because the growth of the methanogenic microorganism is slow and the methane formation reaction is slow. There is a problem that hydrogen gas is not generated. In order to overcome this, in the present invention, a solubilized hydrogen fermenter with a short residence time is provided separately, so that the solubilized hydrogen fermentation can be performed efficiently, so that organic matter can be promoted so that biogas containing hydrogen gas can be taken out. It is.

The solubilized hydrogen fermentation referred to in the present invention is a reaction in which hydrogen gas, an organic acid, and carbon dioxide are generated from an organic substance by the action of an anaerobic microorganism under anaerobic conditions without oxygen, and 20 to 70 ° C., preferably 30 It is a fermentation method carried out at ˜65 ° C. Among them, high-temperature fermentation means one having a temperature of 45 ° C. or higher, preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 65 ° C. Moreover, methane fermentation as used in the field of this invention is the method of producing | generating methane gas and a carbon dioxide from organic substance by the function of an anaerobic microorganism on anaerobic conditions without oxygen, 20-70 degreeC, Preferably it is 30-65 degreeC. Of these fermentation methods, high-temperature fermentation is 45 ° C or higher, preferably 50 ° C or higher and 65 ° C.
The limitation on the temperature range of these fermentations is that if the temperature is too low, the growth activity of the microorganism is low, and if it is too high, the microorganism is inactivated. Among them, the high temperature fermentation is preferable because the organic matter decomposition rate is high.

In addition, the solubilized hydrogen-fermenting microorganism referred to in the present specification means a microorganism that generates hydrogen gas, organic acid, carbon dioxide and the like in anaerobic digestion, and includes Clostridium sp. Microorganisms mean microorganisms that reduce the molecular weight of organic substances, such as Bacillus sp. And Lactobacillus.
sp.) , Bacteroides sp. , Bifidobacterium sp. , Eubacterium sp., and the like. Methane-fermenting microorganisms mean microorganisms that produce methane gas and carbon dioxide in anaerobic digestion . Methanobacterium sp. , Methanothermobacter sp. , Methanosarcina sp. Examples include Methanosaeta sp . Both of these are well known in the art. In the present invention, various hydrogen-fermenting microorganisms that are not specifically identified grow in the hydrogen fermenter, and various methane-fermenting microorganisms that are not otherwise identified grow in the methane fermenter. In this way, due to the presence of various microorganisms, the optimal group of microorganisms corresponding to the raw material can be grown and stably decomposed without sterilizing the object to be processed including raw garbage and paper waste as raw materials. be able to.

The garbage to be treated in the present invention is food residues and wastewater discharged from households, restaurants, food factories, etc., and the paper waste is waste paper, shredders discharged from offices, printing factories, households, etc. Paper waste that has been put on.
The material to be treated is 30 parts or less, preferably 20 parts or less, and a mixture of at least 1 part or more with respect to 100 parts of garbage (water content of about 80%). If there is too much paper waste, the fermentation raw material will be in a solid state and digestion will not progress much. If it is too little, it will be a low-load treatment, and it will not be a paper waste treatment.
In the present invention, food waste and paper waste are treated at the same time. Paper waste is an organic substance containing a large amount of fibers, and also contains biodegradable carbon sources such as cellulose and persistent materials such as hemicellulose, lignin and ash. Because it is a waste. By mixing paper waste, the biodegradable material of garbage and paper waste becomes a substrate for microorganisms, and the persistent biodegradable material of paper waste also functions as a carrier for microorganisms, increasing the microorganism concentration. Solubilized hydrogen fermentation treatment and methane fermentation treatment proceed better.

Next, an implementation method of the present invention will be described. First, raw garbage and paper waste are pulverized, mixed with a solubilized hydrogen-fermenting microorganism group in a solubilized hydrogen fermenter, and adjusted to a moisture content of 75 to 99.9%, preferably 85 to 98%. The wet solubilized hydrogen fermentation treatment is performed at 20 ° C. or higher, preferably 30 to 70 ° C., more preferably 35 to 65 ° C. In the case of high temperature fermentation, 50 ° C to 65 ° C is preferable. In addition, pH 5 to 6.5, residence time 8 hours to 10 days, and oxidation-reduction potential −300 to −600 mV are preferable.
Subsequently, using the fermented material after solubilized hydrogen fermentation as a raw material, it is mixed with a methane fermentation microorganism group in a methane fermentation tank, and wet methane fermentation at 20 ° C. or higher, preferably 30 to 70 ° C., more preferably 35 to 65 ° C. Let it be processed. In the case of high temperature fermentation, 50 ° C to 65 ° C is preferable. In addition, pH 6.5 to 8.5, residence time 6 to 30 days, and oxidation-reduction potential −300 to −700 mV are preferable.

In this case, in the present invention, the alkalinity of the solubilized hydrogen fermenter is replenished by returning a part of the treatment liquid after methane fermentation to the solubilized hydrogen fermenter, and the pH is 5 to 6.5 and the alkalinity is 500 to 500. It can be adjusted to 5000 mg / l so that more stable hydrogen fermentation can be sustained.
Moreover, in this invention, the immobilization support | carrier used as a corner of the slow growth methane fermentation microorganisms is comprised in a methane fermentation tank, the microorganisms density | concentration in a tank can be made high, and the efficiency of methane production | generation can be improved.

As described above, when raw garbage or paper waste is solubilized hydrogen fermentation treatment / methane fermentation treatment, the organic matter is decomposed and gasified to obtain an anaerobic digestion treatment product. The anaerobic digestion product generated at that time contains a lot of fertilizer components such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and since fermentation is progressing, it can be used as it is as liquid fertilizer, or after solid-liquid separation, the solid content can be used as organic fertilizer .
In organic fertilizers produced from food waste etc. by the aerobic composting method currently being implemented, the salt content contained therein may be a problem. Since a large amount of salt is contained in the liquid phase part, the fermentation residue, which is a solid phase, becomes an organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer obtained by this method has the advantage that the salt concentration is lower than the organic fertilizer by the compost method .

  In addition, hydrogen gas and methane gas generated during digestion by each fermentation process can be used for boiler fuel, digestion gas power generation, and micro gas turbine, as well as for fuel of fuel cells directly or after reforming to hydrogen. Can do.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing processing steps when the present invention is implemented.
A raw material storage tank 1 for storing raw garbage and paper waste is supplied through a raw material pipe 2 to a solubilized hydrogen fermentation tank 3 containing a microorganism group that causes solubilized hydrogen fermentation. The solubilized hydrogen fermenter 3 is kept under anaerobic conditions.
As a group of microorganisms that cause solubilized hydrogen fermentation, anaerobic digested sludge, compost (compost), or the like of sewage sludge from a sewage treatment plant may be used.

In the solubilized hydrogen fermenter 3, raw garbage and paper waste are decomposed by solubilized hydrogen-fermenting microorganisms and decomposed into hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and organic acid. By this solubilization treatment, organic substances in the raw material are rapidly and stably decomposed.
The solubilized hydrogen fermenter according to the present invention stirs and mixes the raw material and the microorganism group in the tank, but it is desirable to provide the stirring device 4 in the tank in order to promote the fermentation reaction. Moreover, you may implement | achieve stirring by circulation of the fermented liquor which removes some fermented liquor in a tank and throws in again.
Furthermore, biogas containing hydrogen gas generated in the solubilized hydrogen fermenter 3 is stored in the hydrogen gas storage tank 6 through the hydrogen gas pipe 5. In this case, the hydrogen-containing gas usually contains H ₂ : 40 to 80 mol% and CO ₂ : 20 to 60 mol%.

On the other hand, the fermented product obtained in the solubilized hydrogen fermenter 3 is introduced into the methane fermenter 8 through the fermented product pipe 7. The methane fermenter 8 is kept under anaerobic conditions.
As a group of microorganisms that cause methane fermentation, anaerobic digested sludge or the like of a sewage treatment plant may be used.
In the methane fermentation tank 8, the fermented product mainly composed of organic acid is subjected to the action of methane fermentation microorganisms and decomposed into methane gas and carbon dioxide. By this methane production treatment, the organic acid in the fermented product is rapidly and stably decomposed.

The methane fermenter according to the present invention is preferably provided with a stirring device 9 in order to stir and mix the fermented material and the microorganism group in the tank and promote the fermentation reaction. Moreover, you may implement | achieve stirring in a tank by circulating utilization of the fermented liquid which extracts the fermentation liquid in a tank and throws in again.
In order to maintain a high concentration of methane fermentation microorganisms, it is desirable to provide the methane fermentation tank with an immobilized carrier 10 serving as a methane fermentation microorganism residence.
Further, the gas containing methane generated in the methane fermentation tank 8 is stored in the methane gas storage tank 12 through the methane gas pipe 11. The methane-containing gas in this case usually contains CH ₄ : 40 to 90 mol% and CO ₂ : 10 to 60 mol%.

On the other hand, the processed product obtained in the methane fermentation tank 8 is stored in the processed product storage tank 14 through the processed product piping 13. Moreover, as described above, the alkalinity of the solubilized hydrogen fermenter can be adjusted by partially returning the processed product obtained in the methane fermenter 8 to the solubilized hydrogen fermenter.
Since the processed product in the processed product storage tank 14 is usually one having a low concentration of dissolved organic matter or dissolved inorganic matter, it is separated into solid and liquid, and the liquid phase is discharged after wastewater treatment as necessary.
The solid phase can be reused as organic fertilizer, soil conditioner, and aggregate.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Example 1]
The fermentation apparatus used in the examples is a two-stage fermentation apparatus in which a solubilized hydrogen fermentation apparatus and a methane fermentation apparatus are connected in series as shown in FIG. The solubilized hydrogen fermentation apparatus was a complete mixing type with an effective volume of 300 L, the methane fermentation apparatus was an effective volume of 340 L, and a fixed bed type filled with a synthetic resin carrier. A warm water boiler was used to heat the fermenter. The fermented sludge of the solubilized hydrogen fermenter and methane fermenter was acclimatized and operated for 1 month or more in advance with experimental raw materials, and solubilized microorganisms, hydrogen fermenting microorganisms, and methane fermenting microorganisms were sufficiently grown in the fermenter.
The raw materials used in the examples are those obtained by regularly collecting leftovers from the A office and shredder paper waste. After removing unsuitable fermented foods such as plastic bags, shells, egg shells, bird bones, metal pieces, plastic pieces, etc., the cafeteria leftovers are compact choppers [MKBC-42 type (trade name), Masuyuki Sangyo ( Co., Ltd.] and transferred to a raw material tank with a MONO pump. In the raw material tank, a concentration of 1: 1 (weight ratio) can be obtained for the remaining food in the cafeteria and made into a slurry. It was finely crushed while operating for a total of 2 hours per day. Properties of raw water are shown in Table 1.

The raw water was charged intermittently at 40 L / day into the solubilized hydrogen fermenter while measuring with an electromagnetic flow meter using a MONO pump (10 L / times of raw water was charged 4 times / day). The solubilized hydrogen fermented liquid that flowed out of the solubilized hydrogen fermenter was temporarily stored in the fermented liquid adjustment tank and continuously charged into the subsequent methane fermenter.
In this experiment, (1) Experiment A: When the methane fermentation liquor is stored in the sludge return tank, and a part thereof is subjected to two-stage fermentation while returning 30 L / day to the solubilized hydrogen fermenter, (2) Experiment B: When two-stage fermentation was performed without returning the sludge, (3) Experiment C (comparative example): Three operating methods were used when treated in one high-temperature methane fermentation tank.
Table 2 shows the conditions for each experiment and the results obtained.

Each property shown in Table 1 and Table 2 was obtained by the following analysis method.
TS (Total Solids, total evaporation residue); 105 ° C. dry weight method (JIS K 0102)
・ VS (Volatile Solids, loss on ignition); 600 ° C loss on ignition method (JIS K 0102)
SS (Suspended Solids): 105 ° C dry weight method (JIS K 0102)
・ VSS (Volatile Suspended Solids, ignition loss of suspended solids); 600 ° C ignition loss method (JIS K 0102)
COD _Cr (chemical oxygen consumption); potassium dichromate method (JIS K 0102)
・ BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Consumption); Required oxygen amount for 5 days at 20 ° C. (JIS K0102)
・ Protein; (Kjeldahl nitrogen-Ammonian nitrogen) x 6.25
・ TP (total phosphorus); perchloric acid decomposition method (JIS K 0102)
・ Total reducing sugars; phenol-sulfuric acid method (absorbance 488 nm)
・ Cellulose; Ethanol-benzene extraction method ・ Organic acid (VFA); High-performance liquid chromatograph (Elmer Optics ERC-8710, differential refractive index detector ERC-7510, column Shodex RSpack KC-811, column temperature 60 ° C., mobile phase 0.1 %phosphoric acid)
・ Hydrogen gas ・ Methane gas ・ Carbon dioxide; Gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-14B, Detector TCD, Molecular Sieve 2m, Column temperature 160 ℃, Carrier gas He)
-Soluble fraction; Filtrate in GF / B (1 µm)-pH; Glass electrode method (JIS K 0102)

  From the experimental results shown in Table 2, by the fermentation method that combines the solubilized hydrogen fermentation and methane fermentation of the present invention in this order, raw garbage and paper waste are more efficiently hydrogen gas, methane gas, and carbon dioxide than in the prior art. It was found that the decomposition rate and gasification rate of garbage and paper waste are improved.

It is explanatory drawing of the anaerobic digestion process of garbage and paper waste of this invention. It is process explanatory drawing of an Example.

Explanation of symbols

1. 1. Raw material storage tank 2. Raw material piping 3. Solubilized hydrogen fermenter 4. Stirring device Hydrogen gas piping 6. 6. Hydrogen gas storage tank 7. Fermented product piping 8. Methane fermentation tank Stirrer 10. Immobilization support 11. Methane gas piping12. Methane gas storage tank 13. Process pipe 14. Processed storage tank

Claims (7)

  A method for anaerobic digestion of food waste and paper waste, comprising a solubilized hydrogen fermenter and a methane fermenter, and digesting with a combination of solubilized hydrogen fermenter and methane fermenter Of garbage and paper waste.   The method for treating garbage and paper waste according to claim 1, wherein the solubilized hydrogen fermentation treatment and / or the methane fermentation treatment is a high-temperature fermentation treatment.   The digested liquid after methane fermentation is returned to the solubilized hydrogen fermenter. The method for treating garbage and paper waste according to claim 1.   The method for treating garbage and paper waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the methane fermentation treatment is an immobilized methane fermentation treatment comprising an immobilization carrier.   A method for anaerobically treating an object to be treated consisting of raw garbage and paper waste, wherein (I) a step of solubilization and hydrogen fermentation in a solubilized hydrogen fermenter containing hydrolyzing microorganisms and hydrogen-fermenting microorganisms (II) The step of producing methane in the methane fermentation tank in the presence of methane-fermenting microorganisms in the presence of the methane fermentation microorganisms, (III) The digestion solution obtained in the step (II) above (I) A method for treating garbage and paper waste, comprising the step of returning to the step of   6. The gas phase portion containing hydrogen gas generated in the step (I) and the gas phase portion containing methane gas generated in the step (II) are used as fuels. Disposal method of garbage and paper waste. An anaerobic digester for garbage and paper waste, comprising a solubilized hydrogen fermentation tank and a methane fermentation tank separately, and the garbage according to any one of claims 1 to 6 Anaerobic digester used in paper waste disposal methods.

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