JP2006249917A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavator capable of excavating at any excavating diameter and with less man-hour by a rather simple structure if excavating blades with an expansible/reducible diameter is adopted. <P>SOLUTION: The plurality of excavating blades 15 formed of fixed blades 15a and movable blades 15b are installed around a tube attachment 12 for excavating blade through a bracket 19. The tube attachment 12 forms a part of a drill casing 2. The excavating blade 15 is so formed that its movable blade 15b can be extended in diameter by sliding it by a cylinder 25 for increasing the diameter. Accordingly, the excavating blade can cope with a change in the excavating diameter. Also, it can cope with a change in the excavating diameter by changing the combination of mounting holes 20 and 22 on the bracket 19 side and the fixed blade 15a side by detaching and attaching the excavating blade 15. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a ground excavation device, and more particularly to an excavation device suitable for excavation in a form in which the bottom of the well tip of the well is expanded or expanded in the construction of a vertical shaft by so-called press-fitting of a well such as a PC well or caisson. It is about.

  For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known in addition to Japanese Patent No. 3031876, which uses a drilling blade capable of expanding and contracting as an excavator for this type of diameter excavation.

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, a variable telescopic excavation blade mounted on a casing pipe is constituted by a fixed blade and a movable blade, and the displacement amount of the movable blade is continuously controlled by, for example, a cam or hydraulic pressure, so-called Ellipse drilling and stepped hole drilling are possible.

In the technique described in Patent Document 2, the excavation blade is configured with a fixed wing for primary excavation and a movable wing that can be expanded and contracted based on a turning operation for secondary excavation. While the movable wing is in a reduced diameter state, a relatively small-diameter excavation is performed with a fixed wing, while in the secondary excavation, the movable wing is in an expanded state and the primary excavated area is expanded It is based on that.
JP 2000-8780 A JP 2004-176530 A

  Although the former technique excels in versatility in that it can excavate holes of any shape other than circular, the use of a cam is used to control the displacement of the movable wing relative to the fixed wing that makes up the variable telescopic wing. Since it is a so-called copying control method based on the premise, the structure is complicated and the cost is inevitably increased.

  In the latter technique, the excavator blades can be attached to and detached from the drill casing. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the excavating blade in advance, and therefore the cost is inevitably increased as described above, which is not preferable. In addition, when the excavating blade is attached / detached, it is necessary to attach / detach the hydraulic cylinder for turning the movable blade, which increases the number of work steps and makes the attaching / detaching operation complicated.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and on the premise of adopting excavating blades capable of expanding and contracting, excavation at an arbitrary excavating diameter with a relatively simple structure and a small number of man-hours. An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling rig that can cope with the above.

  The invention described in claim 1 is formed of a fixed wing and a movable wing, on the premise that the ground drilling device is rotated while rotating a tube-shaped drill casing with a digging wing attached to the outer periphery together with the digging wing. The excavating blade is capable of expanding and contracting by sliding and moving the movable blade along the fixed blade, and a direct acting actuator that slides and displaces the movable blade with respect to the fixed blade, and is fixed to the drill casing. The wing mounting position can be adjusted in the sliding direction of the movable wing.

  Preferably, as described in claim 2, the movable wing is arranged so as to overlap the fixed wing, and the actuator is arranged in a bridging manner so as to straddle the fixed wing and the movable wing. More preferably, as described in claim 3, the fixed blade is detachable from the drill casing, and its mounting position can be adjusted stepwise in the sliding direction of the movable blade. .

  Further, in order to protect the actuator from earth and sand or bedrock during rotation of excavation, the direct acting type is provided on the surface of the excavating blade opposite to the rotational direction of itself as described in claims 4 and 5. In addition, the excavating blade is set so as to be in a diameter-expanded state with the contraction state of the direct acting actuator.

  Therefore, in at least the first aspect of the invention, the excavation diameter can be changed based on the contraction / expansion diameter of the excavation blade by changing the position of the movable vane with respect to the fixed vane. It is possible to change the drilling diameter by adjusting the blade mounting position in the sliding direction of the movable blade, and drilling a drilling diameter of any size from a small diameter to a large diameter with a single set of drilling blades. Is possible.

  According to the first and second aspects of the invention, it is possible to support excavation under an arbitrary excavation diameter with only one set of excavation blades, and it is not necessary to prepare many excavation blades. Equipment costs can be reduced.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the mounting position of the fixed wing with respect to the drill casing can be adjusted stepwise in the sliding direction of the movable wing, the digging diameter can be easily adjusted.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, the actuator for reducing and expanding the diameter is disposed substantially on the back side of the excavating blade, so that an actuator that is functionally important from the earth or sand during excavation or the like Can be protected.

  Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 5, since the excavating blade is set to be in a diameter-expanded state with the contracted state of the actuator, it is functionally important in the same manner as described above from the earth or sand during the excavation. The piston rod can be protected.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the preceding excavation blade is attached in addition to the excavation blade, the excavation efficiency is improved, and for example, there is an advantage that even hard ground can be easily excavated.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the drilling efficiency inside the drill casing is improved by providing the inner drilling blade in addition to the drilling blade.

  According to the invention described in claim 10, by providing the stabilizer, there is an advantage that the verticality of the excavation hole and, more particularly, the concentric accuracy between the excavation hole and the well can be increased particularly in the case of the well laying method.

  1 and the following drawings show a more specific embodiment of the present invention. In particular, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a well such as a PC well or a caisson, which becomes a shaft body, is added in parallel with the excavation of a hole. However, an example in the case of press-fitting and sinking by a predetermined amount is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the system of the present embodiment, roughly divided, a pipe or tube-shaped drill casing (hereinafter simply referred to as “casing”) 2 is rotated and pressed into the ground gradually to form a shaft ( Excavation hole) An all-swivel all-casing excavator (hereinafter simply referred to as “excavator”) 1 that excavates H, and caisson 3 as a well in the excavated excavation hole H as press-fitting / sinking means. It is supported by a press-fitting and sinking device 4 and a crawler crane (not shown), etc., and has a hammer grab 5 and the like for discharging the earth and sand generated by excavation by the excavator 1 to the outside. Reference numeral 6 denotes a hydraulic power unit for the excavator 1.

  The press-fitting / sinking device 4 includes a hydraulic power jack 9 for driving the pressurizing plate 8 up and down in a frame-like gantry 7 erected on the ground G. The upper caisson 3 has the function of press-fitting all caisons 3, 3.

  A rotary press-fitting drive unit 10 that functions as excavation drive means of the excavator 1 is mounted on the mount 7 of the press-fitting and setting device 4. As is well known, the rotary press-fitting drive unit 10 grips the tubular casing 2 disposed so as to penetrate the central part of the press-fitting and setting device 4 and the rotary press-fitting drive unit 10 and rotates this around the vertical axis. It has a function to press fit into the ground while driving.

  2, 3 and 4 show details of the main part of the casing 2, and a stabilizer tube attachment 11 having a diameter substantially the same as that of the casing 2 and a tube attachment for excavating blades are arranged at the tip of the casing 2 in order from the upper stage. 12 and the first tube attachment 13 are connected in series so as to be detachable in series with bolts and nuts, etc. (not shown), and each of these tube attachments 11, 12, 13 forms a part of the casing 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the stabilizers 14 that are inscribed in the lowermost caisson 3 are radially arranged on the outer periphery of the stabilizer tube attachment 11. The excavating blade tube attachment 12 is provided with a plurality of excavating blades 15 having a fixed wing 15a and a movable wing 15b, which can be expanded and contracted, together with a spiral leading excavating blade 16, as will be described later. Further, the first tube attachment 13 is provided with a plurality of excavating blades (bits) 17 as shown in FIG. 12 on the tip side thereof, and an internal excavating blade 18 is provided on the inner peripheral side thereof as shown in FIG. They are arranged radially.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the excavation blade tube attachment 12 has a flat box-shaped bracket 19 having a seating surface 19 a of the excavation blade 15 to be described later fixed at a three-divided position on the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. This bracket 19 is set so that the seating surface 19a is parallel to the tangential direction of the tube attachment 12 for excavating blades, and a number of mounting holes 20 are regularly formed in the seating surface 19a. In addition, a spiral leading excavation blade 16 located between adjacent brackets 19 and 19 is detachably mounted on the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the excavation blade tube attachment 12 below the bracket 19. .

  On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the excavating blade 15 is formed by slidably overlapping a flat plate-shaped fixed blade 15a and a flat plate-shaped movable blade 15b smaller than the fixed blade 15a. In the same manner as in the bracket 19 on the excavating blade tube attachment 12 side described above, a large number of mounting holes 22 are formed with regularity. As is clear from the figure, the fixing wing 15a is seated on the seating surface 19a of the bracket 19, and the mounting holes 20, 22 on the bracket 19 side and the fixed wing 15a side are matched with each other, The excavation blade 15 is detachably fixed to the bracket 19 by a nut 29. In other words, the excavating blade 15 is detachably fixed to the bracket 19 so as to largely protrude in a tangential direction of the casing 2 or a direction parallel thereto in a plan view.

  Here, as described above, the mounting holes 20 and 22 formed in the bracket 19 and the fixed blade 15 a are not all used at the same time. 8 and 9, the distance a from the center of the excavating blade tube attachment 12 to the tip of the movable blade 15b, that is, the turning radius of the excavating blade 15 can be adjusted stepwise as shown in FIGS. It has become.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 in addition to FIGS. 8 and 9, the excavating blade 15 is configured so that the movable blade 15 b overlaps the surface of the fixed blade 15 a on the rotation direction side when the rotation direction is the clockwise direction. The movable blade 15b is slidably guided and supported by a blade guide 23 provided on the fixed blade 15a so as to move along the fixed blade 15a. Further, an expansion / contraction diameter cylinder (hydraulic cylinder) 25 is mounted as a direct acting actuator on the back side of the fixed wing 15a toward the rotation direction, that is, the surface opposite to the rotation direction of the fixed wing 15a. is there. The piston rod 26 of this expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25 is connected to one end of a slider 27 located on the opposite side of the fixed wing 15a, and the other end of the slider 27 is opposite to the fixed wing 15a. As a result, the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25 is disposed in a bridging manner so as to straddle the fixed blade 15a and the movable blade 15b. Accordingly, by operating the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25 to expand and contract, the movable blade 15b slides relative to the fixed blade 15a by the stroke of the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25, and as a result, excavation is performed in the tangential direction of the casing 2 or in a direction parallel thereto. The blade 15 has a structure capable of reducing and expanding the diameter.

  A plurality of excavation blades (bits) 30 are attached to the lower ends of the fixed wing 15a and the movable wing 15b forming the excavation wing 15.

  Here, the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25 is mounted on the surface of the fixed wing 15a on the side opposite to the rotational direction. This is to protect. Further, as is clear from comparison between FIG. 9 and FIG. 13, the expansion direction of the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25 is set so as to be opposite to the expansion slide direction of the movable blade 15b. In the contracted state, the excavating blade 15 is set in the expanded state, and conversely, the excavating blade 15 is set in the contracted state in the expanded state of the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25.

  Also, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, between the adjacent brackets 19 and 19 of the excavating blade tube attachment 12, a window portion 28 is opened so as to open directly above the preceding excavating blade 16. It is formed. Thus, regardless of whether the excavating blade 15 is in an expanded state or a reduced diameter state, the earth and sand excavated by the excavating blade 15 is taken into the casing 2 (excavated blade tube attachment 12) through the window portion 28. It is like that. Further, the spiral leading excavation blade 16 is divided into a plurality of pieces in the circumferential direction so that it can be exchanged, for example, with a different size, and then the excavation blade tube attachment as shown in FIG. It is detachably fixed with bolts and nuts 22 to a bracket 21 that is welded and fixed to the 12 side in advance.

  When the rotation direction of the casing 2 at the time of excavation is, for example, a clockwise direction, the leading excavation blade 16 has a twist angle that positively bites into the ground with the rotation in the clockwise direction.

  FIG. 12 shows details of the first tube attachment 13 shown in FIG. 3, and internal excavation blades 31 are radially arranged on the inner peripheral surface thereof. Then, as described above, when the rotation direction of the casing 2 is the clockwise direction, the internal excavation blade 31 is set so that the internal excavation blade 31 positively bites into the ground as the first tube attachment 13 rotates. It is inclined by a predetermined angle toward the rotation direction. The internal excavation blade 31 is equipped with an excavation blade (bit) 32 similar to the tip portion of the first tube attachment 13.

  Therefore, in the system of the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a predetermined excavation thrust (digging force) is applied while rotating the casing 2 in the clockwise direction, and a plurality of excavating blades 15 are used. The caisson 3 is gradually press-fitted and submerged while excavating under the cutting edge of the caisson 3 (below the blade edge 3a of the lowermost caisson 3). As the caisson 3 is pushed and set, the casing 2 is added to the upper side of the caisson 3 itself, and a predetermined tube attachment is also added.

  That is, in FIG. 2, each excavation blade 15 is in a diameter-expanded state as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 9, so that a predetermined excavation thrust (digging force) is applied while the casing 2 is driven to rotate clockwise. Then, the first tube attachment 13 at the lowermost end of the casing 32 digs into the ground first, cuts the earth and sand corresponding to the caliber from the surrounding earth and sand, and the internal excavation blade 31 removes the earth and sand taken into the first tube attachment 13. Crush the soil while excavating. On the other hand, each of the excavating blades 15 in an expanded state outside the casing 2 excavates the ground with a large diameter, and the excavated earth and sand passes through the window portion 28 to the inside of the casing 2 (excavating blade tube attachment 12). Will be taken in.

  Regardless of whether the excavating blade 15 is in a diameter-expanded state or in a diameter-reduced state, the oil pressure supply path of the cylinder 25 for diameter-expansion / reduction is locked hydraulically, so that the diameter-expanded or diameter-reduced state is Self-held.

  Here, at the time of excavation by each excavation blade 15, the excavation efficiency is improved by the spiral advance excavation blade 16 digging into the ground prior to the excavation blade 15, and the preceding excavation blade 16 is directly below the window portion 28. By being positioned, the efficiency of taking excavated earth and sand into the casing 2 (excavation blade tube attachment 12) is improved.

  In parallel with the progress of such excavation, the earth and sand in the casing 2 is discharged by the hammer grab 5 which is, for example, the bucket excavator shown in FIG. Further, during excavation, as shown in FIG. 5, the stabilizer 14 rotates with the casing 2 while being inscribed in the caisson 3, so that the relative positional relationship between the caisson 3 and the casing 2 in the radial direction is maintained by the stabilizer 14. The concentric accuracy of the excavation hole H and the casing 2 and the caisson 3 during excavation is kept highly accurate.

  Here, FIG. 14A is an enlarged view of FIG. 4, and the excavation diameter (diameter of the excavation hole H) when the excavation blade 15 is in an expanded state as shown in FIG. 9 as described above. D1 is shown, and when the diameter of the excavating blade 15 is reduced as shown in FIG. 13, the excavating diameter (excavated) is smaller than that shown in FIG. Drilling can be performed at the diameter of the hole H) D3.

  On the other hand, FIG. 15 shows the mounting position of the excavating blade 15 with respect to the bracket 19 on the excavating blade tube attachment 12 side on the assumption that each excavating blade 15 is in a diameter-expanded state, similarly to FIG. 9 and FIG. The case where it changed is shown. That is, in FIG. 15, the mounting position of the excavating blade 15 with respect to the bracket 19 is retracted by a predetermined amount C as compared to FIG. 14A (however, this predetermined amount C is smaller than the stroke of the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25). ). The adjustment of the mounting position is performed by changing the combination of the mounting holes 20 and 22 on the bracket 19 side and the fixed wing 15a side as described above with reference to FIGS. As a result, as shown in FIG. 15, the excavation diameter D2 (D1> D2> D3) is intermediate between the excavation diameter D1 in FIG. 14A and the excavation diameter D3 in FIG. Drilling is possible.

  The amount of adjustment of the excavation diameter depends on the pitch and the number of the mounting holes 20 and 22 shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, and as described above, the mounting holes 20 and 20 on the bracket 19 side and the fixed wing 15a side. It becomes possible to adjust in steps by changing the combination of 22.

  Of course, when the diameter of the excavating blade 15 is reduced as shown in FIG. 14B, excavation with a smaller excavation diameter than D3 is possible if the mounting position is retracted by a predetermined amount C as in FIG. Become.

  16 and 17 show an example of changing the excavation diameter without detaching the excavation blade 15 as described above.

  In FIG. 16, as is clear from comparison with FIG. 13, the stroke of the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25 is adjusted by using the spacer 33 together, so that the excavation diameter by the excavation blade 15 at the time of diameter expansion is shown in FIG. Smaller than the ones. As is clear from FIG. 17, the spacer 33 does not function at all when the diameter is reduced, so the excavation diameter in the reduced diameter state is the same as that shown in FIG.

  More specifically, by attaching a detachable spacer 33 to the piston rod 26 of the expansion / contraction diameter cylinder 25, in FIG. 16, the diameter of the excavation by the excavating blade 15 in the expanded state becomes smaller than that of FIG. ing. Then, by preparing a plurality of spacers 33 having different sizes in advance and appropriately exchanging them, it becomes possible to adjust the excavation diameter by the excavating blade 15 in a stepwise manner also by this spacer method.

  More desirably, by using both the adjustment of the mounting position of the excavation blade 15 by the combination of the mounting holes 20 and 22 and the spacer replacement method, the difference between the maximum excavable diameter and the minimum excavated diameter can be increased. It is possible to adjust the excavation diameter more finely and in multiple stages while ensuring. In addition, when the inventor conducted an experiment, it was found that excavation is possible even when the excavation diameter is twice or more the diameter of the casing 2 and the excavation area is four times or more that of the casing 2 alone.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the diameter of each excavation blade 15 is reduced or increased, or the excavation diameter is increased by positively changing the mounting position by detaching the excavation blade 15 from the bracket 19. It is possible to adjust, and excavation under a substantially arbitrary excavation diameter is possible with one excavator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Schematic explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the whole excavation apparatus as the 1st Embodiment of this invention. The principal part enlarged view of FIG. Explanatory drawing of the principal part of FIG. The top view of the tube attachment for excavation blades in FIG. The top view of the tube attachment for stabilizers in FIG. It is a figure which shows the detail in the tube attachment single unit for excavation blades in FIG. 3, (A) is the top view, (B) is a front view. The principal part expanded sectional view which shows the attachment state of the preceding excavation blade in FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged explanatory view of the excavating blade in FIG. 3. The principal part top view of FIG. The left view of FIG. FIG. 9 is a rear view of the excavating blade shown in FIG. 8. It is a figure which shows the detail of the first tube attachment in FIG. 3, (A) is the top view, (B) is a front view. It is the figure which made the diameter reduction state of the excavation blade of FIG. 9, (A) is the top view, (B) is a front view. It is explanatory drawing of the drilling diameter by a drilling blade, (A) is a top view which shows a drilling diameter when a drilling blade is made into a diameter-expanded state like FIG.4, 9, (B) is a drilling blade like FIG. The top view which shows the excavation diameter when it is set as the diameter reduction state. The top view which shows the excavation diameter at the time of changing the attachment position of the excavation blade with respect to a casing in the diameter expansion state of (A) of FIG. It is a figure which shows the diameter expansion state of an excavation blade when a spacer is used together as 2nd Embodiment of this invention, (A) is the top view, (B) is a front view. It is a figure when it is a diameter reduction state from the state of FIG. 16, (A) is a top view, (B) is a front view.

Explanation of symbols

1 ... All-swivel all-casing excavator 2 ... Drill casing 3 ... Caisson
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 4 ... Press-fit installation apparatus 11 ... Tube attachment for stabilizers 12 ... Tube attachment for excavation blades 13 ... First tube attachment 14 ... Stabilizer 15 ... Excavation blades 15a ... Fixed blades 15b ... Movable blades 16 ... Advance excavation blades 20 ... Mounting holes 22 ... Installation Hole 25 ... Cylinder for expansion / contraction diameter (Direct acting actuator)
29 ... Bolts and nuts 31 ... Internal drilling blades

Claims (13)

An apparatus for excavating the ground while rotating a tubular drill casing with a drilling blade on the outer periphery together with the drilling blade,
An excavating blade that is formed of a fixed blade and a movable blade, and can expand and contract by sliding and moving the movable blade along the fixed blade;
A direct-acting actuator that slides the movable wing against the fixed wing;
With
The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the mounting position of the fixed wing with respect to the drill casing is adjustable in the sliding direction of the movable wing. The movable wing is arranged so as to overlap the fixed wing,
2. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein the actuator is disposed in a bridging manner so as to straddle the fixed wing and the movable wing.   The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed wing is attachable to and detachable from the drill casing, and an attachment position thereof can be adjusted stepwise in a sliding direction of the movable wing.   The excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a linear motion type actuator is disposed on a surface of the excavating blade opposite to the rotation direction of the excavating blade.   The excavation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the excavation blade is set so as to be in a diameter-expanded state with a contraction state of a direct acting actuator.   The excavation blade according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of the excavating blades are arranged along the tangential direction of the drill casing or in parallel with the tangential direction and at equal positions on the circumference of the drill casing. apparatus.   The excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a spiral leading excavation blade is mounted at a position below the excavation blade mounting position in the drill casing.   The excavation apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the preceding excavation blade is detachable.   The excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an inner excavation blade is mounted on an inner peripheral side of the drill casing and below the excavation blade mounting position. A device that excavates the cutting edge of the well when the well is constructed.
The excavator according to claim 9, wherein a stabilizer that contacts the inner peripheral surface of the well is installed at a position above the excavation blade installation position in the drill casing.   2. A portion of the drill casing to which at least a drilling blade is attached is divided as a tube attachment, and the tube attachment to which the drilling blade is attached is detachably connected to the drill casing. The excavation apparatus in any one of -10.   Of the above drill casing, the part where the drilling blade is mounted and the part where the inner drilling blade is mounted are divided as independent tube attachments, and these multiple tube attachments and drill casing can be attached and detached in series. The excavator according to claim 9, wherein the excavator is connected.   Of the above drill casing, the portion where the drilling blade is mounted, the portion where the inner drilling blade is mounted, and the portion where the stabilizer is mounted are divided as independent tube attachments, and these tube attachments and drill casings The excavator according to claim 10, wherein the two are connected detachably in series.

Images