JP2006239510A - Organic wastewater treatment method and organic wastewater treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic wastewater treatment method and an organic wastewater treatment apparatus which can eliminate excess sludge at a low cost without heating and temperature control. <P>SOLUTION: Organic wastewater is biologically denitrified in a biological treatment tank 3 having an anaerobic state and an aerobic state. The biologically treated water is subjected to solid-liquid separation in a solid-liquid separation tank 4 into microorganism-containing sludge (microorganism sludge) and treated water. The microorganism sludge is concentrated in a concentration tank 5. The concentrated microorganism sludge in the anaerobic state is mixed with organic wastewater at the upstream stage of the biological treatment tank 3 or in the anaerobic area of the biological treatment tank 3 to anaerobically perform methane fermentation and organic acid fermentation, which promotes the volume reduction of the sludge, and advances softening/destruction of the shells of the microorganism-containing sludge obstructing the sludge volume reduction. In the aerobic area of the biological treatment tank 3, the contents of the microorganism sludge whose shells have been destroyed are used as a BOD source for aerobic bacteria to be reduced, and are self-digested to be reduced. The biologically treated water is introduced into the solid-liquid separation tank 4. A series of such treatment is repeated to repeatedly reduce the volume of the sludge without heating and temperature control. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for biological treatment of organic wastewater.

As a method of biological treatment of organic sewage, the biological sludge is extracted from the biological treatment process, concentrated and supplied to the agitation tank, and raw sludge and oxygen-containing gas are supplied to the agitation tank. By setting the tank residence time to a predetermined value, biological oxidation occurs, the temperature is raised by 40 ° C. or more with respect to the supplied sludge temperature, and the decomposition of the organic SS proceeds effectively, and this treatment A method is known in which sludge is returned to the biological treatment step to further biodegrade and reduce the volume of sludge, thereby eliminating excess sludge without artificial heating (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-24972 A

  However, in the above publication, the temperature is raised by 40 ° C. or more with respect to the supplied sludge temperature due to biological oxidation in the stirring tank. However, in reality, the temperature is not raised so much and heating is necessary. Therefore, there is a problem that heating energy and temperature control are necessary and the cost is increased.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and provides an organic wastewater treatment method and an organic wastewater treatment apparatus that can eliminate excess sludge at low cost without heating and temperature control. The purpose is to do.

  The organic wastewater treatment method according to the present invention is a method in which organic wastewater is biologically denitrified in a biological treatment tank having an anaerobic state and an aerobic state, and biologically treated water biologically treated in the biological treatment tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation. The microbial cell-containing sludge and the treated water are separated in the tank, the microbial cell-containing sludge separated in the solid-liquid separation tank is concentrated in the concentration tank, and the concentrated sludge concentrated in the concentration tank is mixed with the organic waste water. It is characterized by sending it back.

  Moreover, the organic wastewater treatment apparatus according to the present invention includes a biological treatment tank that biologically denitrifies organic wastewater in an anaerobic state and an aerobic state, and biologically treated water that is biologically treated in the biological treatment tank. The solid-liquid separation tank for solid-liquid separation into microbial cell-containing sludge and treated water, the concentration tank for concentrating the microbial cell-containing sludge separated into solid and liquid in the solid-liquid separation tank, and the concentration tank And a concentrated sludge return line for returning the concentrated sludge so as to be mixed with the organic waste water.

  According to such an organic wastewater treatment method and an organic wastewater treatment apparatus, the organic wastewater is biologically denitrified in a biological treatment tank having an anaerobic state and an aerobic state. The microbial cell-containing sludge and the treated water are solid-liquid separated in the liquid separation tank, and the microbial cell-containing sludge is concentrated in the concentration tank. This concentrated microbial cell-containing sludge is in an anaerobic state, and this is mixed with organic waste water in the previous stage of the biological treatment tank or in the anaerobic state of the biological treatment tank to anaerobically perform methane fermentation and organic acid fermentation. As a result, sludge volume reduction is promoted, and microbial cell-containing sludge shell softening and destruction that hinders sludge volume reduction progresses. In the aerobic region of the biological treatment tank that follows, the contents of sludge containing microbial cells that have broken the shell are reduced to the volume of aerobic bacteria, and the sludge containing microbial cells that have been softened is self-digested. The biologically treated water is introduced into the solid-liquid separation tank, and such a series of processes is repeated. Therefore, sludge is repeatedly reduced in volume without heating and temperature control, and excess sludge is eliminated at low cost.

  Here, in the past, it was thought that microbial fermentation could not be performed due to the death of bacterial cells in slightly anaerobic sludge, but according to the study by the present inventors, methane fermentation can be performed even in slightly anaerobic sludge. found.

  Therefore, the concentration tank is a sedimentation tank that precipitates and separates microbial cell-containing sludge.The bottom layer of the absolute anaerobic layer sludge that has been separated by sedimentation in the sedimentation tank, You may make it return so that it may mix with property wastewater.

  Specifically, the sludge of the slightly anaerobic layer here has a redox potential of 0 to -350 mV.

In addition, return the sludge of the anaerobic layer above the slightly anaerobic layer separated and separated in the settling tank, and the sludge and supernatant of the uppermost aerobic layer above the anaerobic layer to mix with organic waste water. It is preferable to do this. Here, the aerobic layer is a layer of supernatant having dissolved oxygen and a thin sludge, and the anaerobic layer is in an oxygen-free state, but is apt to be aerobic by NO ₃ , NO ₂ , SO _4, etc. It is a sludge layer in the situation, and acid fermentation is performed by the organic acid-producing bacterium which is a facultative aerobic bacterium to produce an organic acid, and the organic acid is contained in the supernatant. Therefore, this organic acid-containing liquid is returned to the front stage of the biological treatment tank (if the concentrated sludge is returned here, this is an anaerobic state) or the anaerobic region of the biological treatment tank to return the organic wastewater. When the microbial cells release the phosphorous, the organic acid is taken in, and in the subsequent aerobic region, dephosphorization is performed in which the microbial cell takes in more phosphorus than the released amount.

  In addition, when organic wastewater and concentrated sludge are introduced into the adjustment tank and mixed in the adjustment tank, and the organic wastewater mixed with the concentrated sludge in the adjustment tank is introduced into the biological treatment tank, microbial cells in the adjustment layer The sludge shell softening and shell destruction of the sludge progresses sufficiently and the sludge volume reduction is further promoted.

  Thus, according to the present invention, since sludge is repeatedly reduced in volume without heating or temperature control, it is possible to eliminate excess sludge at low cost.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of an organic wastewater treatment method and an organic wastewater treatment apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an organic wastewater treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is employed in, for example, a manure treatment facility.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the organic wastewater treatment apparatus 100 includes a pretreatment tank 1, an inflow adjustment tank (conditioning tank) 2, a biological treatment tank 3, a solid-liquid separation tank 4, a concentration tank 5, and a sludge storage tank 6. Concentrated sludge return line L1 connecting the sludge storage tank 6 and the inflow adjusting tank 2, the organic acid-containing liquid return line L2 connecting the concentrate tank 5 and the biological treatment tank 3, and the solid-liquid separation tank 4 and the sludge return line L4 which connects the connection line L3 of the concentration tank 5 and the biological treatment tank 3 (anaerobic tank 3a).

  The pretreatment tank 1 removes coarse solids and floating solids such as plastic bags from the introduced organic waste water.

  The inflow adjusting tank 2 is equipped with a stirrer 2a, and the organic waste water from the pretreatment tank 1 and the concentrated sludge (sludge containing microbial cells) returned from the sludge storage tank 6 via the concentrated sludge return line L1. The mixture is agitated and mixed to make the properties uniform and to promote shell softening and shell destruction of the sludge containing microbial cells (details will be described later).

  The biological treatment tank 3 is a tank that performs biological treatment by an activated sludge method called a so-called A2O method, and biological denitrification and dephosphorization of the organic waste water from the inflow adjusting tank 2. Specifically, the anaerobic tank 3a, the anaerobic tank 3b, and the aerobic tank 3c are provided in this order, and a staying liquid return line L5 for returning the staying liquid in the aerobic tank 3c to the anaerobic tank 3b is provided.

  The anaerobic tank 3a includes a stirrer 3d, an organic drainage from the inflow adjusting tank 2, an organic acid-containing liquid returned from the concentration tank 5 via the organic acid-containing liquid return line L2, and a solid-liquid separation tank 4 A part of the microbial cell-containing sludge that is returned through the sludge return line L4 is stirred and mixed to perform anaerobic treatment.

  The anaerobic tank 3b includes a stirrer 3e, stirs and mixes the treated water from the anaerobic tank 3a and the staying liquid returned from the aerobic tank 3c via the staying liquid return line L5, and nitrified nitrogen. Is decomposed into nitrogen gas and water by oxygen-free treatment.

  The aerobic tank 3c includes a blower 3g outside the tank and a diffuser 3f that diffuses air from the blower 3g into the tank, and aeration of the treated water from the anoxic tank 3b by the aeration apparatus 3f. The aerobic treatment is performed.

  The solid-liquid separation tank 4 is a sedimentation tank here, and separates the biologically treated water biologically treated in the biological treatment tank 3 into microbial cell-containing sludge and treated water. Is subjected to subsequent sterilization treatment to be discharged into rivers. The sludge return line L4 connecting the connection line L3 between the solid-liquid separation tank 4 and the concentration tank 5 and the anaerobic tank 3a is a solid-liquid separation tank 4 in order to prevent a decrease in biological concentration in the biological treatment tank 3. Part of the microbial cell-containing sludge that has been separated by precipitation is returned to the anaerobic tank 3a.

  The concentration tank 5 is a precipitation tank here, and concentrates the microbial cell-containing sludge precipitated and separated in the solid-liquid separation tank 4 and supplied via the connection line L3. The organic acid-containing liquid return line L2 connecting the concentration tank 5 and the anaerobic tank 3a includes a pump 5a, and the organic acid-containing liquid (described later in detail) in the concentration tank 5 is driven into the anaerobic tank 3a by driving the pump 5a. Return it.

  The sludge storage tank 6 stores the concentrated sludge (described later in detail) from the concentration tank 5. The concentrated sludge return line L1 connecting the sludge storage tank 6 and the inflow adjustment tank 2 includes a pump 6a, and the concentrated sludge in the sludge storage tank 6 is returned to the inflow adjustment tank 2 by driving the pump 6a.

  Next, the effect | action of the organic waste water treatment apparatus 100 comprised in this way is demonstrated. First, the organic wastewater is removed from coarse solids and floating solids such as plastic bags in the pretreatment tank 1, and in the inflow adjusting tank 2, the properties are homogenized by stirring with the stirrer 2a, and the biological treatment tank. 3 is introduced. The organic waste water is anaerobically treated while being stirred by the stirrer 3d in the anaerobic tank 3a, is anaerobically treated by the stirrer 3e in the anaerobic tank 3b, and is aerated by the diffuser 3f in the aerobic tank 3c. Has been aerobic treated. At this time, nitrogen (organic nitrogen, ammonia, etc.) in the treated water is nitrified in the aerobic tank 3c, and the nitrified nitrogen is returned to the anoxic tank 3b via the staying liquid return line L5 and circulated. Then, it is decomposed into nitrogen gas and water, and the nitrogen gas is released to the atmosphere, and biological denitrification is performed.

  Moreover, the sludge containing the nitrified nitrogen from the aerobic tank 3c is returned to the anaerobic tank 3a via the sludge return line L4, and circulates through the anoxic tank 3b and the aerobic tank 3c. For this reason, further biological denitrification is performed. In addition, you may make it return the sludge returned to the anaerobic tank 3a by the sludge return line L4 to the anaerobic tank 3b.

  On the other hand, the biologically treated water biologically treated in the biological treatment tank 3 is precipitated and separated in the solid-liquid separation tank 4, and the supernatant is subjected to a subsequent sterilization process. On the other hand, a part of the precipitated microbial cell-containing sludge is returned to the anaerobic tank 3a via the sludge return line L4 as described above, and the other is supplied to the concentration tank 5 via the connection line L3.

  In the concentration tank 5, the microbial cell-containing sludge is further precipitated and separated. FIG. 2 shows the state of precipitation separation in the concentration tank 5, which is separated into four layers as shown in the figure, and in order from bottom to top, an absolute anaerobic tank A, a micro anaerobic layer B, and an anaerobic layer. Layer C and aerobic layer D are formed.

The uppermost aerobic layer D is a layer of a supernatant having dissolved oxygen and a thin sludge. The anaerobic layer C below the aerobic layer D is in an oxygen-free state, but it is NO ₃ or NO. ₂ , It is a layer of sludge that is in a facultative aerobic condition due to SO ₄ etc., acid fermentation is performed by the organic acid producing bacteria that are this facultative aerobic bacterium, the organic acid is generated, the organic acid is the supernatant Contained in the liquid. Therefore, the redox potential of these layers C and D is positive.

  The micro-anaerobic layer B below the anaerobic layer C is a micro-anaerobic sludge layer having a redox potential of about 0 to 350 V, and the absolute anaerobic layer below the micro-anaerobic layer B and below the bottom layer. Layer A is a layer of absolute anaerobic sludge and has a redox potential of −400 V or less. The concentration tank 5 is a tank having a capacity with a sludge residence time of at least about 12 hours, and sufficient acclimatization time for acid-producing bacteria and methane-producing bacteria is ensured.

  And the supernatant liquid which has dissolved oxygen of the aerobic layer D of the concentration tank 5, and the sludge which is in the aerobic condition of the thin sludge and the oxygen-free layer C are driven by the pump 5a to return the organic acid-containing liquid return line L2. Is returned to the anaerobic tank 3a. As a result, the organic acid-containing liquid is supplied to the anaerobic tank 3a, and the microbial cells release phosphorus and take in the organic acid. In the subsequent aerobic tank 3c, the microbial cells release more phosphorus than the released amount. Dephosphorization is performed for incorporation.

  On the other hand, particularly in the present embodiment, the sludge of the absolute anaerobic layer A and the sludge of the slightly anaerobic layer B of the concentration tank 5 are taken out from the bottom as the concentrated sludge and stored in the sludge storage tank 6 to drive the pump 6a. Is returned to the inflow adjusting tank 2 through the concentrated sludge return line L1. Since the microbial cell-containing sludge thus concentrated is supplied to the inflow adjusting tank 2, the inflow adjusting tank 2 into which the organic waste water flows is in an anaerobic zone (anaerobic state).

  By the way, in the past, it was thought that the microbe anaerobic sludge could not perform methane fermentation due to the death of bacterial cells, but according to the study by the present inventors, it is possible to perform methane fermentation even with the microaerobic sludge. found.

  FIG. 3 is an experimental result by the present inventors, and is a diagram showing the methane gas generation situation over time due to the difference in oxidation-reduction potential of microbial cell-containing sludge, and the horizontal axis represents time (h), The vertical axis represents the amount of methane gas generated (ml). In this figure, the x mark indicates the sludge of the absolute anaerobic layer A, the other mark indicates the sludge of the slightly anaerobic layer B, and specifically, the x mark indicates the sludge having a redox potential of −400 mV, Black triangle marks indicate sludge with a redox potential of −70 mV, triangle marks indicate sludge with a redox potential of −50 mV, and square marks indicate sludge with a redox potential of −23 mV.

  As is clear from FIG. 3, the amount of methane gas generated is reduced compared to the sludge of the absolute anaerobic layer A marked with x, but even if it is sludge of the slightly anaerobic layer B, a predetermined amount of methane gas is continuously generated. It can be seen that the cells are not dead.

  And since the sludge of the absolute anaerobic layer A is supplied to the inflow adjusting tank 2 together with the sludge of the slightly anaerobic layer B, in the inflow adjusting tank 2, methane fermentation and organic acid fermentation are performed anaerobically, As the volume reduction is promoted, the microbial cell-containing sludge shell softening and destruction that hinders sludge volume reduction progresses.

  The organic wastewater containing microbial cell-containing sludge that has undergone shell softening / shell destruction is introduced into the anaerobic tank 3a to further promote volume reduction of the sludge and to soften / shell the microbial cell-containing sludge. In the aerobic tank 3c where destruction continues, the contents of the sludge containing microbial cells that have broken the shell are reduced to the aerobic bacteria BOD source and the sludge containing the microbial cells that have softened the shell are self-digested. The biologically treated water is introduced into the solid-liquid separation tank 4 and such a series of processes is repeated.

  Thus, in this embodiment, organic waste water is biologically denitrified in the biological treatment tank 3 having the anaerobic tank 3a and the aerobic tank 3c, and this biologically treated water is separated in the solid-liquid separation tank 4. Solid-liquid separation into microbial cell-containing sludge and treated water, this microbial cell-containing sludge is concentrated in the concentration tank 5, and this concentrated and anaerobic microbial cell-containing sludge is organic in the inflow control tank 2. Mixing with wastewater, anaerobically causing methane fermentation and organic acid fermentation, promoting sludge volume reduction and promoting microbial cell-containing sludge shell softening and destruction that hinders sludge volume reduction, Next, the anaerobic tank 3a of the biological treatment tank 3 further promotes the volume reduction of sludge, and the shell softening / shell destruction of the microbial cell-containing sludge is advanced. In the subsequent aerobic tank 3c of the biological treatment tank 3, the shell destruction Reduce the volume of sludge containing microbial cells as a source of aerobic BOD and shell The microbial cell-containing sludge is reduced by self-digestion, and a series of treatments for introducing this biologically treated water into the solid-liquid separation tank 4 is repeated, so that sludge can be produced without heating or temperature control. Volume reduction is repeated, and as a result, excess sludge can be eliminated at low cost.

  Moreover, since dephosphorization is performed without using chemicals as disclosed in JP-A-2003-24972, costs are reduced.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was concretely demonstrated based on the embodiment, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, concentrated concentrated sludge is returned to the inflow adjusting tank 2 through the concentrated sludge return line L1, but the organic waste water from the pretreatment tank 1 is transferred to the inflow adjusting tank 2. It may be returned to the line, or may be returned to the anaerobic tank 3a of the biological treatment tank 3. In short, it is sufficient that the concentrated sludge can be returned so as to be mixed with the organic waste water. When returning the concentrated sludge to the anaerobic tank 3a of the biological treatment tank 3, the residence time in the anaerobic tank 3a is increased in order to sufficiently advance the shell softening / shell destruction of the microbial cell-containing sludge. It is preferable to configure. And when returning concentrated sludge to the anaerobic tank 3a in this way, the inflow adjustment tank 2 is made unnecessary.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the supernatant liquid of the aerobic layer D of the concentration tank 5, a thin sludge, and the sludge of the anoxic layer C are returned to the anaerobic tank 3a of the biological treatment tank 3 by the organic acid containing liquid return line L2. However, the organic waste water from the inflow adjusting tank 2 may be returned to the line for transferring to the anaerobic tank 3a. In short, it is only necessary to return the organic acid-containing liquid to the organic waste water. .

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the solid-liquid separation tank 4 and the concentration tank 5 are set as the precipitation tank, it can replace with a precipitation tank, for example, can also use a membrane separation tank (membrane separation apparatus) etc.

  Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the biological treatment tank 3 is based on the A2O method capable of biological denitrification. However, for example, it is possible to adopt a method based on the AO method, and biological denitrification. It is also possible to employ other activated sludge methods that can be used.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the organic waste water treatment apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the state of the concentration tank in FIG. It is a diagram which shows the methane gas generation | occurrence | production state with time by the difference in the oxidation reduction potential of microbial cell containing sludge.

Explanation of symbols

  2 ... Inflow adjustment tank (conditioning tank), 3 ... Biological treatment tank, 3a ... Anaerobic tank, 3b ... Anoxic tank, 3c ... Aerobic tank, 4 ... Solid-liquid separation tank, 5 ... Concentration tank (precipitation tank), 100 ... Organic waste water treatment equipment, A ... Absolute anaerobic layer, B ... Slightly anaerobic layer, C ... Anoxic layer, D ... Aerobic layer, L1 ... Concentrated sludge return line, L2 ... Organic acid-containing liquid return line.

Claims (6)

Biological denitrification of organic wastewater in an anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment tank,
The biologically treated water biologically treated in the biological treatment tank is separated into microbial cell-containing sludge and treated water in a solid-liquid separation tank,
Concentrate the microbial cell-containing sludge solid-liquid separated in the solid-liquid separation tank in a concentration tank,
An organic wastewater treatment method comprising returning the concentrated sludge concentrated in the concentration tank so as to be mixed with the organic wastewater. The concentration tank is a sedimentation tank that precipitates and separates the microbial cell-containing sludge.
2. The sludge in the lowermost absolute anaerobic layer precipitated and separated in the settling tank and the sludge in the slightly anaerobic layer above the absolute anaerobic layer are returned so as to be mixed with the organic waste water. Organic wastewater treatment method.   The organic wastewater treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the sludge of the slightly anaerobic layer has an oxidation-reduction potential of 0 to -350 mV.   To mix the sludge of the anaerobic layer above the slightly anaerobic layer separated from the slightly anaerobic layer, and the sludge of the uppermost aerobic layer above the anaerobic layer and the supernatant liquid into the organic waste water. The organic wastewater treatment method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the organic wastewater treatment method is returned. Introducing the organic waste water and the concentrated sludge into the adjustment tank and mixing in the adjustment tank,
The organic wastewater treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the organic wastewater mixed with the concentrated sludge in the adjustment tank is introduced into the biological treatment tank. A biological treatment tank that biologically denitrifies organic wastewater in an anaerobic state and an aerobic state;
A solid-liquid separation tank for solid-liquid separation of biologically treated water biologically treated in the biological treatment tank into microbial cell-containing sludge and treated water;
A concentration tank for concentrating the microbial cell-containing sludge separated in the solid-liquid separation tank;
An organic wastewater treatment apparatus comprising: a concentrated sludge return line that returns the concentrated sludge concentrated in the concentration tank so as to be mixed with the organic wastewater.

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