JP2006213900A - Soil conditioner - Google Patents
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- JP2006213900A JP2006213900A JP2005058157A JP2005058157A JP2006213900A JP 2006213900 A JP2006213900 A JP 2006213900A JP 2005058157 A JP2005058157 A JP 2005058157A JP 2005058157 A JP2005058157 A JP 2005058157A JP 2006213900 A JP2006213900 A JP 2006213900A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、植物系材料を基材とした土壌改良剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a soil conditioner based on plant materials.
これまで土壌改良剤には一般に多量の化学肥料が用いられてきたが、それにより偏った土質の形成、近隣の河川などの汚染等の問題が生じた。 So far, a large amount of chemical fertilizer has been generally used as a soil conditioner, but this caused problems such as the formation of uneven soil and contamination of nearby rivers.
近年、土壌改良剤の脱化学肥料化の動きも進んできており、その代表例として樹皮を利用した堆肥（以下バーク堆肥という）があげられる。これは、広葉樹、針葉樹等の木材の製材の際に排出される樹皮を主原料としたものである。一部に化学肥料を混合するものもあるが、天然材料のみを原料とするものもある。天然材料のみを原料とするものには、バークを発酵させたもの、魚粉や鶏フンを混合させたもの等がある。 In recent years, the movement of dechemical fertilizers for soil conditioners has also progressed, and a typical example is compost using bark (hereinafter referred to as bark compost). This is mainly made of bark discharged during the lumbering of wood such as hardwoods and conifers. Some are mixed with chemical fertilizers, but others are only natural materials. Those using only natural materials include fermented bark, mixed fish meal and chicken dung.
しかしながら、従来のバーク堆肥は、密度が低くかさばるため、広範囲の地面に散布する場合は、手間がかかる。また、地中深くまで土壌改良する場合土壌との混合が不可欠であるがその作業もまた難しい。 However, since the conventional bark compost has a low density and is bulky, it takes time to spread it over a wide range of ground. Moreover, when soil is improved deeply in the ground, mixing with soil is indispensable, but the work is also difficult.
本発明は、土質改良成分を広い範囲の地面や土中深くに容易に行きわたらせることのできる土壌改良剤を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner capable of easily spreading a soil quality improving component over a wide range of ground or deep in the soil.
本発明者は鋭意研究により、樹皮を主原料とする植物系材料を押出機で金型から押し出しながら切断して、密度が０．８〜３．０ｇ／ｃｍ３のペレット状に形成することによって、本発明の課題を解決した。The present inventor has conducted intensive research to cut a plant material made mainly of bark while extruding it from a mold with an extruder to form a pellet having a density of 0.8 to 3.0 g / cm 3 . The problem of the present invention has been solved.
すなわち、本発明の土壌改良剤は５０重量％以上が樹皮からなる植物系材料のみを原料として、又は前記植物系材料とそれに対して３０重量％以下の添加剤を原料として、その原料を押出し機で金型から押し出しながら切断してペレット状に形成したものであって、密度が０．８〜３．０ｇ／ｃｍ３であり、吸水して体積が２〜１００倍に膨張することを特徴とするものである。That is, the soil conditioner of the present invention is an extruding machine using only a plant material consisting of bark of 50 wt% or more as a raw material, or using the plant material and an additive of 30 wt% or less as a raw material. It was cut into a pellet while being extruded from the mold with a density of 0.8 to 3.0 g / cm 3 , and it absorbs water to expand the volume 2 to 100 times. To do.
本発明における植物系材料とは、針葉樹、広葉樹、草本類などあらゆる種類の小片、断片、粉末などのあらゆる形状のものが対象となるが、植物系材料の５０重量％以上、好ましくは８０重量％以上が針葉樹又は広葉樹の樹皮である。 The plant-based material in the present invention includes all types of small pieces, fragments, powders and the like such as conifers, broad-leaved trees, and herbs, but 50% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight of the plant-based material. The above is the bark of conifers or hardwoods.
本発明の土壌改良剤の主原料は、前記植物系材料であるが、前記植物系材料に対して３０重量％以下の添加剤を使用しても良い。
かかる添加剤としては、リグニン又はその変成物、魚粉や鶏フン等の生物由来のものが好ましい。Although the main raw material of the soil improvement agent of this invention is the said plant-type material, you may use 30 weight% or less additive with respect to the said plant-type material.
As such an additive, lignin or a modified product thereof, and those derived from organisms such as fish meal and chicken dung are preferable.
前記リグニンの変成物としては、リグニンスルホン酸ナトリウム、リグニンスルホン酸カルシウム等が好ましいが、リグニンスルホン酸カルシウムを使用するのが特に好ましい。
リグニン又はその変成物を使用することにより、本発明の土壌改良剤の常態での強度が増し、ペレットの形状が使用前に崩れにくくなる。またリグニン又はその変成物は、使用後に土中で分解され土壌と一体化する。As the modified product of lignin, sodium lignin sulfonate, calcium lignin sulfonate and the like are preferable, but calcium lignin sulfonate is particularly preferable.
By using lignin or its modified product, the normal strength of the soil conditioner of the present invention is increased, and the shape of the pellet is less likely to collapse before use. Moreover, lignin or its modified product is decomposed in the soil after use and integrated with the soil.
また、上記添加剤として、窒素、リン酸、カリウムなどの化合物からなる化学肥料を使用することも可能であるが、多量の化学肥料の使用は土壌や環境汚染の原因となるので好ましくなく、前記植物系材料に対して２０重量％以下の使用が好ましい。 Further, as the additive, it is possible to use a chemical fertilizer made of a compound such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, etc. However, the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizer is not preferable because it causes soil and environmental pollution, It is preferable to use 20% by weight or less based on the plant material.
尚本発明における原料の重量比は全て絶乾重量比すなわち水分を除外した重量比である。本発明において原料中の水分量は、原料の絶乾重量に対して５〜５０重量％が好ましく、１０〜３０重量％がより好ましい。 The weight ratios of the raw materials in the present invention are all absolute dry weight ratios, that is, weight ratios excluding moisture. In the present invention, the amount of water in the raw material is preferably 5 to 50% by weight, more preferably 10 to 30% by weight, based on the absolute dry weight of the raw material.
次に、本発明に使用する押出機であるが、プラスチック成形材料用のペレタイザー、木質燃料用のペレット製造機等、圧力をかけて押し出し、ペレット状に形成するあらゆる押出機が対象となる。かかる押出機の使用により密度が０．８ｇ／ｃｍ３以上、通常１．０ｇ／ｃｍ３以上のペレットが形成される。Next, as the extruder used in the present invention, any extruder that forms a pellet by extruding it under pressure, such as a pelletizer for plastic molding material and a pellet manufacturing machine for wood fuel, is an object. By using such an extruder, pellets having a density of 0.8 g / cm 3 or more, usually 1.0 g / cm 3 or more are formed.
前記押出機での形成温度は特に限定しないが、押出口の温度が８０〜２５０℃が好ましく、１００〜１８０℃がより好ましい。この好ましい温度においては原料が軟化し圧縮されやすいのでより密度の高いペレットが製造できる。 Although the formation temperature in the said extruder is not specifically limited, The temperature of an extrusion port is 80-250 degreeC, and 100-180 degreeC is more preferable. At this preferable temperature, since the raw material is softened and easily compressed, a denser pellet can be produced.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記原料を前記押出機によってペレット状に形成したものであって、密度は０．８〜３．０ｇ／ｃｍ３、好ましくは１．０〜３．０ｇ／ｃｍ３である。本発明の目的を達するためにはペレットの密度はできるだけ高い方が好ましく、密度が０．８ｇ／ｃｍ３を下回るものは、本発明の目的を達し得ない。また、密度３．０ｇ／ｃｍ３以上の密度のものは既存の押出機では製造が技術的に困難である。The soil conditioner of the present invention is obtained by forming the raw material into a pellet by the extruder, and has a density of 0.8 to 3.0 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / cm 3. It is. In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the density of the pellets is preferably as high as possible. If the density is less than 0.8 g / cm 3 , the object of the present invention cannot be achieved. In addition, it is technically difficult to manufacture an existing extruder having a density of 3.0 g / cm 3 or more.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、吸水して体積が２〜１００倍、通常３〜２０倍に膨張する。膨張率は土壌改良剤の密度に関連しており、密度が高いほど膨張率が大きい。 The soil conditioner of the present invention absorbs water and expands in volume by 2 to 100 times, usually 3 to 20 times. The expansion rate is related to the density of the soil conditioner, and the higher the density, the larger the expansion rate.
本発明の土壌改良剤の形状は、米粒状、円柱状、球状、あらゆる形状のものが含まれる。また、本発明の土壌改良剤の一粒の体積は、０．０２〜１００ｃｍ３、好ましくは０．１〜１０ｃｍ３である。体積は用途により調整できる。The shape of the soil conditioner of the present invention includes rice grains, cylinders, spheres, and any shape. The volume of one grain of the soil conditioner of the present invention is 0.02 to 100 cm 3 , preferably 0.1 to 10 cm 3 . The volume can be adjusted depending on the application.
次に本発明の土壌改良剤の使用方法について説明する。まず地面に散布する場合、例えば手まきすれば良く、容易に広範囲の面積を散布できる。
また、土中深く土壌改良する場合、土地をほぐした後本発明の土壌改良剤を所々に埋める、又は、地面の所々に穴をあけその穴の中に本発明の土壌改良剤を入れれば良い。
かかる作業を行った後、雨が降ると本発明の土壌改良剤は膨張し、地表にまいたものは瞬く間に地表を覆い、また地中に埋めたものは地中で膨張し土壌と混和する。これは土質の改良だけでなく、地中深くを柔らかくして植物の育成を助ける。Next, the usage method of the soil improvement agent of this invention is demonstrated. First, when spraying on the ground, for example, it can be spread by hand, and a wide area can be easily sprayed.
In addition, when soil is deeply improved in the soil, after loosening the land, the soil improver of the present invention may be buried in places, or holes may be formed in places on the ground and the soil improver of the present invention may be placed in the holes. .
After such work, when it rains, the soil conditioner of the present invention expands, and those scattered on the surface cover the surface quickly, and those buried in the surface expand in the ground and mix with the soil. To do. This not only improves soil quality, but also softens deep underground to help plants grow.
本発明によれば次のような効果がある。
（１）本発明の土壌改良剤は、手撒きなどの簡単な作業で広範囲の土地に容易に散布できる。
（２）本発明の土壌改良剤は、簡単な作業で地中深くまで土壌改良できる。
（３）本発明の土壌改良剤は、化学薬品を使用していないので、偏った土質の形成をせず、又近隣河川等の汚染をしない。
（４）本発明の土壌改良剤は、かさばらず輸送に適している。The present invention has the following effects.
(1) The soil conditioner of the present invention can be easily applied to a wide range of land by a simple operation such as hand-rolling.
(2) The soil improver of the present invention can improve the soil deeply into the ground by a simple operation.
(3) Since the soil conditioner of the present invention does not use chemicals, it does not form uneven soil and does not contaminate neighboring rivers.
(4) The soil conditioner of the present invention is not bulky and suitable for transportation.
次に実施例により本発明を更に詳しく説明する。
製材所から排出された杉の破材のうち樹皮と木部の重量比が８５：１５のものを粉砕して長さ２〜１０ｃｍの長方形状のチップを製造した。このチップに１０重量％のリグニンスルホン酸カルシウムの粉末を添加混合し、本発明における土壌改良剤の原料とした。尚、この原料の絶乾重量に対する水分の割合は１８重量％であった。Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Of the broken cedar materials discharged from the sawmill, those having a bark to xylem weight ratio of 85:15 were pulverized to produce rectangular chips having a length of 2 to 10 cm. To this chip, 10% by weight of calcium lignin sulfonate powder was added and mixed to obtain a raw material for the soil conditioner in the present invention. In addition, the ratio of the water | moisture content with respect to the absolute dry weight of this raw material was 18 weight%.
次に木材ペレット燃料用ペレット製造機（新興工機株式会社製フラットダイスタイプ）を用いて前記原料１００ｋｇをペレット化して、本発明の土壌改良剤を製造した。この時の製造条件は、押出口の温度１１０℃、製造機の回転速度１１０ｒｐｍであった。
完成したペレットの総重量は９２ｋｇ。ペレット１個の平均サイズは直径６．７ｍｍ、高さ２２ｍｍの円柱形で、体積は０．７７６ｃｍ３、重量は１．００ｇ、密度は１．２９ｇ／ｃｍ３であった。Next, 100 kg of the raw material was pelletized using a pellet manufacturing machine for wood pellet fuel (flat die type manufactured by Shinko Koki Co., Ltd.) to manufacture the soil improver of the present invention. The production conditions at this time were an extrusion port temperature of 110 ° C. and a rotation speed of the production machine of 110 rpm.
The total weight of the finished pellet is 92kg. The average size of one pellet was a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 6.7 mm and a height of 22 mm, a volume of 0.776 cm 3 , a weight of 1.00 g, and a density of 1.29 g / cm 3 .
本発明の土壌改良剤２００ｇ体積１５５ｃｍ３を２１の容器に入れ１１の水を添加した。２４時間後に本発明の土壌改良剤は吸収し、体積９２０ｃｍ３に膨張していた。The soil conditioner 200g volume 155cm 3 of the present invention was added 11 of water placed in a container 21. After 24 hours, the soil conditioner of the present invention absorbed and expanded to a volume of 920 cm 3 .
本発明の雑草抑制剤２０ｋｇ体積１５，５００ｃｍ３を、１００ｍ２の平地に手撒きで散布した。その後、８日後に１００ｍｍ以上の雨が降った。その２日後に調査したところ、地面に散布した本発明の雑草抑制剤は膨張して地表の全土を覆っていた。A 20 kg volume of 15,500 cm 3 of the weed inhibitor of the present invention was sprayed by hand on a 100 m 2 flat ground. After that, it rained more than 100 mm after 8 days. When investigated 2 days later, the weed inhibitor of the present invention sprayed on the ground expanded and covered the entire surface of the ground.
地面に直径５ｃｍ深さ２０ｃｍの穴をあけ、本発明の雑草抑制剤を１００ｇ（７７．５ｃｍ３）を埋めた。その後８日後に１００ｍｍ以上の雨が降った。その５日後に調査した所、本発明の雑草抑制剤を撒いた地点の地表から深さ４０ｃｍ地点から半径３０ｃｍの範囲にまで本発明の雑草抑制剤が拡散し土と混ざっていた。A hole having a diameter of 5 cm and a depth of 20 cm was made in the ground, and 100 g (77.5 cm 3 ) of the weed inhibitor of the present invention was buried. After 8 days, it rained more than 100mm. When investigated five days later, the weed inhibitor of the present invention diffused and mixed with the soil from the surface of the site where the weed inhibitor of the present invention was applied to a range of 40 cm depth to a radius of 30 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2005058157A JP2006213900A (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2005-02-01 | Soil conditioner |
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| JP2005058157A JP2006213900A (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2005-02-01 | Soil conditioner |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008054562A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-13 | Shinko Koki Kk | Pellet-like corn feed and method for producing the same |
| US11134679B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2021-10-05 | Kao Corporation | Method for growing plant |
| US11279877B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2022-03-22 | Kao Corporation | Method for improving soil |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0328116A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-02-06 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Production of low density porous carbon grain |
| JPH07241139A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-09-19 | Nippon Godo Hiryo Kk | Production of granular peat-moss |
| JPH11346568A (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-21 | Tenchion:Kk | Compressed formed product of seed-containing planting base material and its production |
-
2005
- 2005-02-01 JP JP2005058157A patent/JP2006213900A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0328116A (en) * | 1989-06-22 | 1991-02-06 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Production of low density porous carbon grain |
| JPH07241139A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-09-19 | Nippon Godo Hiryo Kk | Production of granular peat-moss |
| JPH11346568A (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-21 | Tenchion:Kk | Compressed formed product of seed-containing planting base material and its production |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008054562A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-13 | Shinko Koki Kk | Pellet-like corn feed and method for producing the same |
| US11134679B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2021-10-05 | Kao Corporation | Method for growing plant |
| US11279877B2 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2022-03-22 | Kao Corporation | Method for improving soil |
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