JP2006212619A - Ultrasonic machining apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure capable of giving a stable ultrasonic vibration irrespective of the magnitude of a load. <P>SOLUTION: A frame table 11 made of a stainless steel is secured to a rod 19 of an air cylinder 18 fixed to a base table 12 made of a stainless steel with bolts and nuts not shown in Fig. Then, a supporting part 9 made of a stainless steel and secured to a rear mass 4 of a bolt-tightened Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator 2 with bolts is fixed to the frame base 11. Further, a cone 7 is fixed to the bolt-tightened Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator 2 with bolts not shown in Fig. Then, a horn 8 is fixed to the corn 7, and a tool 10 is fixed. A workpiece 16 fixed to a work table 17 is placed under the tool 10. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an ultrasonic processing apparatus used for abrasive grain processing, cutting processing, plastic processing, cutting processing, metal bonding processing, plastic bonding, metal molding processing and plastic molding processing using ultrasonic vibration. is there.

Applications that use ultrasonic energy are called dynamic ultrasonic applications, and those that use ultrasonic waves with large vibration amplitude and vibration speed are particularly called strong ultrasonic applications.
The application of high-intensity ultrasound is described in detail in “Ultrasonic Handbook” (Maruzen Co., Ltd., published in 1999), pages 661-697.

For example, it is used for processing and processing a substance by utilizing a large acceleration which is a characteristic of ultrasonic waves. This field is abrasive processing, cutting processing, plastic processing, and cutting processing.
Further, in a solid, when powerful ultrasonic waves propagate, there is a remarkable heat generation effect due to generation of vibration stress. This effect combined with heat generated by friction is used for joining metals, joining thermoplastics, and crosslinking polymer materials.

In order to generate a powerful ultrasonic wave, a strong ultrasonic wave generation source is required, and a bolted Langevin ultrasonic vibrator is usually used. An example of this is the ultrasonic abrasive processing machine shown in FIG. In order to perform efficient abrasive processing, ultrasonic vibration displacement of several tens of microns is required for the tool. Since the vibration displacement of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator is several microns, it is necessary to expand the vibration, and the vibration displacement is amplified to several tens of microns using a cone and a horn. This is shown by the vibration displacement distribution in FIG. The belly indicates the vibration belly, and the node indicates the vibration node.
In order to reduce vibration loss in a structure in which a bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator, cone, horn and tool are connected, it is indispensable to support it with a vibration node. Normally, as shown in FIG. A flange is provided at the joint, and the flange is supported by a frame base. The details of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, the cone 7, the horn 8 and the flange 6 attached to the cone are shown in the perspective view of FIG. Alternatively, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3, when there is no horn or cone, the center portion of the bolted Langevin ultrasonic transducer 2 is a node portion, and a flange 6 is provided and supported there.

  However, when there is no tool or the mass of the tool is small in the method of providing a flange at the position of the vibration node, such as the node of the vibration of the cone or the center of the bolted Langevin ultrasonic transducer Since the impedance of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is small, a large ultrasonic AC power is input, which may damage the ultrasonic driving circuit. Also, the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer may be damaged.

  Further, when the workpiece is processed before the workpiece is processed, that is, when the workpiece is processed, the impedance of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is increased. If the impedance difference between the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer during no load and machining is large, the resonance frequency of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer changes rapidly, causing the ultrasonic drive circuit to change the resonance frequency. A so-called step-out phenomenon that makes tracking impossible occurs and ultrasonic vibration may stop.

In addition, when the tool becomes larger, even if the impedance of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer increases due to contact between the tool and the workpiece, there is no load on the rear mass side of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer. Therefore, the rear mass side vibrates greatly and generates heat, and the heat generation may deteriorate the electrical efficiency. Moreover, a limit arises in vibration displacement.
The objective of this invention is providing the ultrasonic processing apparatus which eliminates the above-mentioned problem.

  The present invention has one or more bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers, the tool is connected to the front mass side of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers, and supports the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers. Therefore, an ultrasonic machining apparatus in which a supporting component for the bolting is connected to an end portion of a rear mass of a bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer.

  Ultrasonic machining in which the support component connected to the rear mass end of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is connected to the frame base at a height position near the center of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer It is a device.

  The ultrasonic processing apparatus is intended for welding.

  The ultrasonic processing apparatus is intended for pressing.

  The ultrasonic processing apparatus is intended for cutting.

  The ultrasonic processing apparatus is intended to process using abrasive grains.

  Ultrasonic machining that is hardly affected by the size and machining load of the tool is possible, and the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer or ultrasonic drive circuit is damaged even in no-load operation when there is no tool. The present invention provides an ultrasonic machining apparatus with extremely low fear.

  The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing the ultrasonic welder having the first configuration of the present invention.

  A stainless steel frame 11 is attached to a rod 19 of an air cylinder 18 attached to a stainless steel base 12 with bolts and nuts (not shown). Next, the support part 9 made of stainless steel attached to the rear mass 4 is attached to the frame base 11. Further, the cone 7 is attached to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 with a bolt (not shown). Next, a horn 8 and a tool 10 are attached to the cone 7. A work piece 16 attached to a work table 17 is placed under the tool 10.

  The support component 9 attached to the rear mass 4 is fixed to the frame base 11 at the position of the vibration node at the center of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2. The support component 9 has the largest vibration at the position in contact with the rear mass 4, and the vibration at the same height as the central position of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 is the smallest. Therefore, it is fixed to the frame base 11 at the position of the node of the support component 9. This is the same vibration as providing a flange at the center of the conventional bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 and supporting it, and providing a flange at the center of the cone and supporting it. This is what we support in the section. In addition, here, the frame base 11 is connected to the base base 12, but the frame base 11 and the base base 12 may be integrated.

  The weight of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, the cone 7, the horn 8, and the tool 10 is added to the support component 9 attached to the rear mass 4. Tensile stress from the support component 9 acts on the reamer 4 in contact with the support component 9.

  Further, tensile stress due to the weight of the cone 7, the horn 8, and the tool 10 is applied to the front mass 3 of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2.

  Since stress is applied from both the front mass 3 side and the rear mass 4 side of the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 does not operate without load.

  Further, even if an ultrasonic AC voltage is applied to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator 2 with the cone 7, the horn 8 and the tool 10 removed, stress is applied from the rear mass 4 side, so that no load operation is performed. Must not. Therefore, the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 or the ultrasonic driving power source is not likely to be damaged.

Further, the support component 9 attached to the rear mass 4 can be provided at the positions shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 aiming at the same effect.
In FIG. 5, which is a side sectional view, the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, the support component 9, the cone 7 and the horn 8 are joined in this order. The support component 9 is attached to the frame base 11. In this configuration, a support component is attached to the antinode of vibration as in FIG. 4, but the rear mass 4 side is not loaded, so there is no effect as in FIG. 4, but rather than the conventional support method, There is little risk of damage to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer or ultrasonic drive circuit even in no-load operation when there is no tool.

  In FIG. 6, which is a side sectional view, the support component 9 can be provided at a position closer to the end of the rear mass 4 than the center of the rear mass 4 of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, but from the end of the rear mass 4. Since it is close to the joint, it is not as effective as in FIG. 4, but the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator 2 or the ultrasonic drive circuit may be damaged even in the no-load operation when there is no tool than the conventional support method. Is small.

  Next, the operation method of FIG. 4 will be described. An ultrasonic alternating voltage is applied to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2. And the air cylinder 18 is operated and the workpiece 16 is welded. At that time, no-load operation is performed until the tool 10 comes into contact with the workpiece 16, but in the configuration of the present invention, stress is already acting on both sides of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator 2, Does not enter into no-load operation. Therefore, since the difference in load between when the workpiece 16 and the tool 10 are in contact with each other and when the workpiece 16 and the tool 10 are not in contact with each other is small, a stable operation state can be maintained.

  In the conventional configuration, when the load suddenly changes, the ultrasonic processing machine generates a so-called step-out phenomenon in which the ultrasonic drive circuit cannot track the resonance frequency due to the sudden change in the resonance frequency. Ultrasonic vibration may stop. On the other hand, since the configuration of the present invention is applied even when no load is applied, since the change in the resonance frequency is small, a stable ultrasonic oscillation state can be maintained.

  Here, an example of the ultrasonic drive circuit 15 will be described with reference to FIG. The ultrasonic drive circuit 15 applies a sine wave voltage having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2. The vibrator in FIG. 7 is a bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator.

  A PLL (Phase-locked-loop) circuit shown in FIG. 7 generates a rectangular wave voltage having a frequency corresponding to the resonance frequency of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2. This rectangular wave voltage is amplified by the driver circuit, and then the electric power factor is improved by the matching circuit, and is applied to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 as a sine wave voltage.

  The voltage / current detection circuit provided between the matching circuit and the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 detects an AC voltage, an AC current, and a phase thereof applied to the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer. To do.

  The power control unit calculates the power applied to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer based on the AC voltage and AC current detected by the voltage / current detection circuit and their phases. The power control unit controls the power amplification factor of the driver circuit based on the calculated power value so that a predetermined amount of power is applied to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer.

  On the other hand, the phase circuit inputs a signal obtained by converting the current flowing in the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer from the voltage / current detection circuit into current-voltage, and the control frequency of the frequency control block is the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic wave The signal is phase-shifted so as to have the resonance frequency of the vibrator, and then a voltage signal converted into a pulse voltage is output to the PLL circuit.

  The PLL circuit controls the frequency of the rectangular wave voltage output from the PLL circuit so that the phase of the pulsed voltage output from the phase circuit matches the phase of the rectangular wave voltage output from the PLL circuit. By such control, even when the resonance frequency of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is slightly changed due to a change in the environmental temperature, for example, the resonance frequency of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is always changed. It is possible to apply an alternating voltage with a frequency corresponding to.

  Next, an ultrasonic abrasive processing apparatus that is an ultrasonic processing machine having a second configuration of the present invention will be described. First, a conventional ultrasonic abrasive machining apparatus will be described.

  First, an example of a conventional ultrasonic abrasive machining apparatus is shown in FIG. A magnetostrictive transducer is used as an ultrasonic vibration source. The vibration of the magnetostrictive transducer propagates to the cone and further propagates to the horn and the tool. Abrasive grains are interposed between the workpiece and the tool, the abrasive grains are vibrated by the vibration of the tool, and the workpiece is subjected to abrasive machining by the movement of the abrasive grains. For reference, details of the horn and the tool are shown in FIG.

  A structure in which the magnetostrictive transducer, the cone, the horn, and the tool are integrated is supported by a flange provided in the middle portion of the cone. Since the flange is provided and supported at the vibration node, there is no mechanical load on the tool side and the magnetostrictive transducer element side, so no-load operation is performed.

  In this state, since the electrical impedance is low, the input power becomes too large and the magnetostrictive transducer may be damaged.

  On the other hand, the ultrasonic abrasive grain processing apparatus of the second configuration of the present invention is optimal when the fluctuation of the mechanical load is large. FIG. 10 is a plan view, and FIG. 11 is a side view taken along line AA in FIG. The support component 9 and the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are joined with bolts. Next, the cone 7 and the horn 8 are joined to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 with a bolt (not shown). Then, the support component 9 is joined to the frame 11 with a bolt (not shown). The frame base 11 is attached to a rod 19 of an air cylinder. The tool 10 is attached to the horn 8.

  The support component 9 joined to the end face of the rear mass 4 of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 is at the height of the central portion of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, that is, between the two piezoelectric ceramics 5. The frame 11 is joined.

  The support component 9 has the largest vibration at the position in contact with the rear mass 4, and the vibration at the height position at the center of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 is smallest. Therefore, it is fixed to the frame base 11 at the position of the node of the support component 9. This is the same vibration as providing a flange at the center of the conventional bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 and supporting it, and providing a flange at the center of the cone and supporting it. The supporting effect is the same as that supported in the section.

  The weight of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, the cone 7, the horn 8, and the tool 10 is added to the support component 9 attached to the rear mass 4. Tensile stress from the support component 9 acts on the rear mass 4 in contact with the support component 9.

  Further, the weight of the cone 7, the horn 8 and the tool are added to the front mass 3 of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2.

  Since stress is applied from both the front mass 3 side and the rear mass 4 side of the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2, the bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is not in a no-load operation.

  Further, even if an ultrasonic AC voltage is applied to the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator 2 with the cone 7, the horn 8 and the tool 10 removed, stress is applied from the rear mass 4 side, so that no load operation is performed. Must not. Therefore, the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 2 or the ultrasonic driving power source is not likely to be damaged.

  As described above, an ultrasonic machining apparatus having a plurality of bolt-clamped Langevin type ultrasonic transducers must avoid no load because the input becomes large. As a countermeasure, the configuration of the present invention is optimal.

  The above-described configuration of the present invention can be used almost as it is for an ultrasonic machining apparatus used for cutting, plastic working, cutting, metal joining, metal forming, and plastic forming.

  The ultrasonic processing apparatus of the present invention can be used for welding and molding of plastics and metals, abrasive processing of difficult-to-process materials, and the like.

It is a side view which shows the structure of the conventional ultrasonic abrasive grain processing machine. It is a perspective view which provides and supports a conventional cone with a flange. It is a perspective view which provides a flange to a conventional bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer and supports it. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the ultrasonic welding machine of the 1st structure of this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the structure which arrange | positions a support component between a cone and a bolting Langevin type ultrasonic transducer | vibrator. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the structure which provides a support component in a bolt fastening Langevin type ultrasonic transducer | vibrator rear mass. It is a figure which shows an ultrasonic drive circuit. It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional ultrasonic abrasive grain processing apparatus. It is a perspective view which shows the horn and tool used for the conventional ultrasonic abrasive grain processing apparatus. It is a top view which shows the ultrasonic abrasive grain processing apparatus of the 2nd structure of this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the ultrasonic abrasive grain processing apparatus of the 2nd structure of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ultrasonic processing machine 2 Bolt tightening Langevin type ultrasonic transducer 3 Front mass 4 Rear mass 5 Piezoelectric ceramic 6 Flange 7 Cone 8 Horn 9 Supporting part 10 Tool 11 Frame base 12 Base base 13 Bolt 14 Nut 15 Ultrasonic drive circuit 16 Cover Workpiece 17 Worktable 18 Air cylinder 19 Rod

Claims (6)

Support component for supporting one or more bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers, the tool being connected to the front mass side of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers, and supporting the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducers Is connected to the end of the rear mass of a bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer. The support component connected to the rear mass end of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is connected to the frame base at a height position near the center of the bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic vibration table device. The ultrasonic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic processing apparatus is a welding apparatus. The ultrasonic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic processing apparatus is a press apparatus. The ultrasonic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic processing apparatus is a cutting apparatus. The ultrasonic processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic processing apparatus is an apparatus that performs processing using abrasive grains.

Images