JP2006200296A - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tunnel construction method for enabling sufficient high speed construction by early construction of a floor slab. <P>SOLUTION: For performing digging and floor slab construction in parallel by constructing the floor slab 4 following and right behind the digging of a tunnel excavator such as a shield machine 1, a crane 11 is arranged between a succeeding carriage 2 and the constructed floor slab behind the carriage so as to be capable of advancing, and the floor slab is extended forward by arranging a PCa slab 10 for forming the floor slab in a tunnel bottom part by the crane, and the crane is advanced together with the succeeding carriage by following the digging of the tunnel excavator. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel method capable of high-speed construction.

In recent years, various tunnel construction methods for enabling high-speed construction of tunnels have been proposed. For example, in the construction of road tunnels having large cross sections and long distances such as those provided in urban areas, Patent Documents 1 to 3 show. As described above, a tunnel construction method is proposed in which a floor slab is manufactured in advance as a PCa plate (precast concrete plate), and the floor slab is constructed at an early stage by assembling it. According to such a construction method, it is said that rationalization of floor slab construction and shortening of the entire construction period can be realized to some extent compared with conventional construction methods in which floor slabs were usually constructed with cast-in-place concrete. .
Japanese Patent No. 3458176 JP 2003-64994 A JP 2004-176322 A

  However, even in the case of the construction method shown in Patent Documents 1 to 3, due to the restriction that various operations are complicated in the vicinity of the face, and to ensure efficient material conveyance to the face, It is extremely difficult to assemble the PCa plate and install the floor slab immediately after the face, so in practice the floor slab construction by assembling the PCa plate must be carried out considerably behind the face. Therefore, sufficient high-speed construction is not always possible.

  In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide an effective tunneling method capable of performing floor slab construction immediately after the face and realizing sufficient high-speed construction.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a tunnel construction method in which a floor slab is constructed immediately after the tunnel excavator is dug, and a subsequent carriage installed so as to be able to advance behind the tunnel excavator; A PCa plate for floor slab formation is installed at the bottom of the tunnel between the tip of the floor slab that has already been constructed on the rear side, and a crane for constructing the floor slab is disposed so that the PCa plate can be moved forward. Is transported from the wellhead side to the crane position, the PCa plate is lifted by the crane, transported to the tip of the installed floor slab and installed there, and the installed floor slab is gradually extended forward The crane is caused to follow the excavation of a tunnel excavator and advance together with the subsequent carriage.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the PCa plate for forming the floor slab is a rectangular lithographic plate whose longitudinal dimension is slightly shorter than the entire width of the floor slab to be constructed. When the PCa plate is installed, first, the leg portion is formed by a horizontal portion unit of the pair and a pair of leg units that are installed at the bottom of the tunnel with an interval in the tunnel width direction and support the horizontal portion unit. The unit is lifted by the crane and installed in a self-supporting state at the bottom of the tunnel in front of the floor slab that has already been installed, and then the horizontal unit is placed from the wellhead side with the long side direction along the tunnel axis direction. After transporting to the position of the crane for plate construction, it is lifted by the crane and transported further forward and rotated in the horizontal plane so that its long side direction matches the tunnel width direction, In this state, the horizontal unit is placed on the leg unit so as to be continuous with the tip of the floor slab that has been installed, and then concrete is placed between the both ends of the horizontal unit and the tunnel well wall. The road slab is constructed by forming a road shoulder by installing.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the tunnel construction method according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, the crane for floor slab construction is set up on a floor slab that has been constructed at intervals in the tunnel width direction via a carriage. A pair of support columns that can be moved in the tunnel axis direction, and the front end portion is supported by the succeeding carriage and the vicinity of the rear end portion is supported by the support columns, and they are installed parallel to each other along the tunnel axis direction. A pair of main beams, a sub beam which is horizontally mounted between the main beams and can travel in the tunnel axis direction, and a PCa plate which is supported by the sub beam and can travel in the tunnel width direction and which forms the floor slab. It is comprised by the hoist which can be heavy, and follows the excavation, It is characterized by advancing this crane by the said following trolley.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the tunnel construction method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a transport path for transporting materials such as lining materials is secured in the lower space of the floor slab that has been constructed. A material conveying device is installed in the conveying path, and the conveying device is also extended forward following the extension of the floor slab. The conveying device has been conveyed by the conveying device in front of the conveying device. A relay transport device that relays materials and transports them further forward is installed to follow the excavation so that it can move forward, and these transport devices and relay transport devices transport materials from the wellhead to the tunnel excavator or subsequent carriage for excavation. It is characterized by performing.

  The invention described in claim 5 is the tunnel method of the invention described in claim 4, wherein the transport device installed in the lower space of the floor slab that has been constructed is formed by a series of unit rails of a predetermined length. As a configuration for supporting and guiding the carriage by the rail, the forward rail for allowing the carriage to self-propell from the wellhead side to the position of the tip of the floor slab that has been installed, and the tip of the floor slab that has already been installed. And the return rails that are self-propelled from the position of the head portion toward the wellhead side, and the outbound rails and the return rails are installed in the upper and lower two stages independently in the lower space of the installed floor slab, A point switching mechanism for moving the transport carriage from the forward rail to the backward rail is provided in a forward position at the front end of the return rail so that the point can be moved forward. Advances are not characterized, respectively to annex a new unit rails to the beginning of the forward rail of the termination and return rails with.

  According to the tunnel construction method of the present invention, the floor slab is constructed by assembling the PCa plate with a crane immediately after the tunnel excavator is advanced, and the floor slab is used as an equipment travel path for material transportation. Since it can be used at an early stage, it is extremely easy to construct and allows high-speed construction of the entire tunnel, resulting in a sufficiently short construction period and cost reduction compared to conventional construction methods.

  In particular, when the PCa plate for forming the floor slab is composed of a rectangular flat plate-shaped horizontal unit that is slightly shorter than the tunnel width and a pair of leg units that support the central portion, the horizontal unit is installed. The central part can be used as a transport path immediately, and after the road shoulders are formed with cast-in-place concrete on both ends of the horizontal unit, the entire surface can be used as a transport path, which is excellent in transport efficiency and workability. In addition, the floor slab construction accuracy can be sufficiently secured.

  Further, as a crane for assembling the PCa plate for forming a floor slab, a crane in the form of a portal crane in which a hoist can be moved in each horizontal direction is adopted, and the crane is followed by excavation and pulled by a subsequent carriage. Therefore, complicated equipment and troublesome replacement operations are not required for floor slab construction, and conventional shield machines and subsequent carriages can be used almost as they are.

  In addition, the transport device is installed in the lower space of the floor slab that has been constructed early, and the relay transport device is further provided in front of the floor slab so that the material such as the lining material can be transported by them. The space below can be used effectively as a material conveyance path from the early stage, and the most efficient material conveyance and digging can be achieved without the complication of PCa plate conveyance on the floor slab and material conveyance below the floor slab. Is possible.

  Furthermore, by adopting a configuration in which the conveyance device provided in the lower space of the floor slab is configured to cause the conveyance carriage to self-travel by the forward rail and the backward rail that are independently provided in the upper and lower two stages and to switch the traveling route by the point switching mechanism, In addition to being able to transport materials efficiently, the installation space for the transport device can be minimized, and by extending the point switching mechanism and adding unit rails, stretching along with excavation can be performed easily. .

  An embodiment in which the present invention is applied when constructing a road tunnel having a large cross section by a shield method will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 is a shield machine as a tunnel excavator, 2 is a subsequent carriage, and the tunnel construction method of this embodiment is basically assembling a segment 3 as a lining material by the shield machine 1. The floor slab 4 is constructed at an early stage immediately after the succeeding carriage 2 by performing the excavation and almost simultaneously with the excavation, and the constructed floor slab 4 is used as it is as a traveling path for various equipment. It is designed to carry materials. 1 to 2, reference numerals 5, 6, and 7 are trucks, concrete pump trucks, and mixer trucks as equipment that travels on the installed floor slabs, and 8 is a turntable for changing the direction thereof.

  In this embodiment, the construction of the floor slab 4 is performed by assembling the PCa slab 10 produced in advance, and the crane 11 for the assembly work is arranged behind the succeeding carriage 2 and the crane 11 is The vehicle is pulled by the trailing carriage 2 to follow the excavation and advance.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the PCa plate 10 for floor slab formation in the present embodiment is a rectangular lithographic plate as a half PC mold frame whose dimension in the long side direction is slightly shorter than the width of the entire floor slab to be constructed. And a pair of columnar leg units 10b installed at the bottom of the tunnel and supporting the horizontal unit 10a at intervals in the tunnel width direction. The leg unit 10b and the horizontal unit 10a Is constructed in a form in which the floor slab 4 is gradually extended forward by assembling in front of the floor slab 4 that has been constructed.

  The construction procedure of the floor slab 4 by assembling the PCa plate 10 is shown in FIG. After the pole anchors 12 are installed at the bottom of the tunnel in advance and the leg units 10b are erected by the crane 11 as shown in (a), the horizontal unit 10a is placed on the leg units 10b as shown in (b). Install. Then, as shown in (c), concrete is placed between the both ends of the horizontal unit 10a and the tunnel wall as shown in (c), and the road shoulder 13 is constructed. Finally, as shown in (d), the horizontal unit The floor slab 4 is completed by placing concrete as a road surface on the unit 10a.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4, the crane 11 for assembling the PCa plate 10 includes a pair of main beams 20 that are connected to the trailing carriage 2 and extend in parallel toward the rear. The main beam 20 has a gate shape mainly composed of a pair of support columns 21 that respectively support the vicinity of the rear end of each main beam 20, and each support column 21 is installed on a floor slab 4 that has already been constructed via a carriage 22. Thus, the vehicle is pulled by the succeeding carriage 2 and can move forward with it. A sub beam 23 is installed between the main beams 20. A hoist 24 is movably provided on the sub beam 23. The PCa plate 10 to be assembled is lifted by the hoist 24, and the sub beam 23 is moved along the main beam 20. By moving the hoist 24 in the tunnel width direction along the sub-beam 23 by moving in the tunnel axis direction, the lifted PCa plate 10 is conveyed in each horizontal direction, and its posture is freely changed and positioned with high accuracy. Can be done.

  FIG. 4 shows an assembling procedure of the PCa plate 10 by the crane 11 described above. First, as shown in (a), the leg units 10b are lifted one by one, and as shown in FIG. 1, a predetermined number of leg units 10b are installed in front of the floor slab 4 that has been constructed. . Next, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 2, the horizontal unit 10 a is loaded on the truck 5 with the long side direction along the tunnel axis direction and conveyed from the wellhead side to the position of the crane 11. The unit 10a is lifted by the crane 11 as shown in FIG. 4 (b) and rotated 90 ° in the horizontal plane so that the long side direction matches the tunnel width direction, suspended on the leg unit 10b and installed there. I will do it. In this state, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), both ends of the horizontal unit 10a are free ends, but the central part is stably supported by the pair of leg units 10b. The central portion of 10a can be used as a traveling path for the truck 5 or the like without any trouble. Of course, the crane 11 can be supported sufficiently stably by setting the column 21 of the crane 11 at a position directly above the leg unit 10b or inside thereof.

  As described above, the floor slab 4 is extended forward by a predetermined distance, and when the shield machine 1 is excavated, the crane 11 is pulled forward by the trailing carriage 2 to follow the shield machine 1, and the floor is followed in the same procedure. The plate 4 will be further constructed. Then, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 (c), the movable mold apparatus 25 is installed below both ends of the horizontal unit 10a, and concrete is placed there to construct the road shoulder 13 as shown in FIGS. . After construction of the road shoulder 13, the entire horizontal unit 10a is stably supported, and the entire surface can be used without any trouble as a road, so two or more lanes where large vehicles can pass each other. Can be secured.

  According to the tunnel construction method of this embodiment, the floor slab 4 can be constructed immediately after the trailing carriage 2 following the excavation, and the floor slab 4 can be used at an early stage as a travel path for equipment for material conveyance. Since it is possible, it is extremely excellent in workability, enables high-speed construction of the entire tunnel, and can realize a sufficiently shortened construction period and construction cost compared to conventional construction methods.

  In particular, the PCa plate 10 for forming a floor slab is composed of a rectangular flat plate horizontal unit 10a that is slightly shorter than the tunnel width and a pair of leg units 10b that support the central portion thereof, so the horizontal unit 10a is installed. At that time, the central part can be used immediately as a running path for the equipment, and the floor slab can be used as a running path entirely after the road shoulder 13 is formed by cast-in-place concrete at both ends of the horizontal unit 10a in the subsequent stage. Therefore, the conveyance efficiency and workability are extremely excellent, and the construction accuracy of the floor slab 4 can be sufficiently secured.

  Further, as a crane 11 for assembling the PCa plate 10 for forming a floor slab, a crane in the form of a portal crane capable of moving a hoist 24 in each horizontal direction is adopted, and the succeeding carriage 2 is made to follow the crane 11 following the excavation. Because it is towed and moved forward, complicated equipment and troublesome replacement operations are not necessary for floor slab construction, and the shield machine 1 and the subsequent carriage 2 are used almost as they are. Is possible.

  In the tunnel method of this embodiment, the lower space of the floor slab 4 constructed early as described above is also used as a material conveyance path, and the segment 3 as a lining material is provided there from the wellhead side. A conveying device 30 for conveying toward the shield machine 1 is installed so as to be able to extend forward following the excavation.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the conveying device 30 installed in the lower space of the floor slab 4 includes two upper and lower rails 31 (a lower-side forward rail 31 a and an upper-side rail 31 a provided between the leg units 10 b of the PCa plate 10. The carriage 32 is supported and guided by the return rail 31b) to reciprocate.

  The transport carriage 32 is provided with four traveling wheels 34 on both sides of a main body frame 33 that is rectangular and flat in plan view, and these traveling wheels 34 are driven by a drive source 35 such as an electric motor via a power transmission mechanism 36. It can be self-propelled. As shown in FIG. 6, the transport carriage 32 is provided with a holding mechanism 40 that holds the segment 3 in a state in which the segment 3 is suspended and supported by the hydraulic cylinder 38 via the wire 39. As shown in FIG. 6A, the wire 39 is pulled up by the hydraulic cylinder 38 and stably held in a state where both ends of the segment 3 are pressed against the stopper 41, and when the transported segment 3 is lowered from the transport cart 32 ( As shown in b), the hydraulic cylinder 38 is extended and the wire 39 is fed out to lower the segment 3. In addition, it is good to supply electric power to the conveyance trolley 32 from the outside with the trolley which is not shown in figure. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 42 is a control panel, 43 is a hydraulic pump for driving a hydraulic cylinder 38 as a holding mechanism 40, 44 is a buffer bumper provided before and after the main body frame 33, and 45 is a running direction of the transport carriage 32. It is a spring-type guide roller for stabilization.

  The upper and lower two-stage rail 31 for running the transport carriage 32 is an outward path 31a that causes the lower stage side to self-propell the transport carriage 32 holding the segment 3 from the wellhead side to the position of the end of the floor slab 4 that has been constructed. The upper stage is a return rail 31b for moving the carriage 32 after the segment 3 is lowered in the reverse direction and returning it to the wellhead side. These rails 31 are each formed by connecting unit rails 31c of a predetermined length as shown in FIG. 7 (b), and the unit rails 31c are associated with the extension of the floor slab 4 to the front. As it is added, it is possible to gradually extend forward.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the carriage 32 is moved from the lower-stage forward path 31a to the upper-side return path 31b at the front position of the end of the forward path 31a and the start end of the return path 31b. A point switching mechanism 50 is arranged to be able to move forward. The point switching mechanism 50 is a body frame 52 that can be moved forward on the rail 51, and is provided with a lifting rail 56 that can be lifted and lowered by a hydraulic cylinder 53 via a wire 54 and a lifting frame 55. After the rail 56 is aligned with the end of the forward rail 31a, the transport carriage 32 that has transported the segment 3 is placed there, and after the transport cart 32 lowers the segment 3, the lift rail 56 is transported by the hydraulic cylinder 53. The transport carriage 32 is moved from the forward rail 31a to the return rail 31b by being raised to the position of the return rail 31b together with the carriage 32. When each rail 31 is extended, the point switching mechanism 50 is moved forward so as to secure an interval corresponding to the length of the unit rail 31c between each rail 31, and the unit rail 31c is added thereto. It has become.

  Further, a relay transfer device 60 is installed in front of the transfer device 30 to relay the segment 3 transferred by the transfer device 30 and further transfer it forward. As shown in FIG. 8, the relay transfer device 60 is basically a belt conveyor 61, and a lift turntable 62 for lifting the segment 3 and rotating it in a horizontal plane to change the direction is incorporated at the tip thereof. It has been. In addition, since the PCa plate 10 is assembled by the crane 11 and the floor slab 4 is constructed above the relay conveyance device 60, the protective frame 63 for curing is provided as shown in FIGS. It is preferable to cover the relay conveyance device 60 so that it can be used as a scaffold for floor slab construction, and when the leg unit 10b is installed, the protective frame 63 is used for temporary support. .

  In the tunnel construction method of the present embodiment, by using the transport device 30 and the relay transport device 60 as described above, the lower space of the floor slab 4 that has been constructed early can be used as the transport path of the segment 3 from the early stage. The conveyance of the PCa plate 10 and the conveyance of the segment 3 below the floor slab 4 are not complicated, and the most efficient material conveyance and excavation are possible.

  Moreover, since the transport device 30 is configured to cause the transport carriage 32 to self-run by the forward rail 31a and the return rail 31b provided independently in two upper and lower stages and to switch the travel route by the point switching mechanism 50, In addition to being able to efficiently transport materials, the installation space is also minimal, and it is possible to easily extend along with excavation simply by advancing the point switching mechanism 50 and adding unit rails 31c. It is extremely effective.

  Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the above embodiment is merely a preferred example, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the following appropriate design changes are possible. Is possible.

  Although the said embodiment is an example applied to the shield construction method by the shield machine 1, this invention is similarly applicable not only to a shield construction method but also to other tunnel construction methods by other tunnel excavators, such as a tunnel boring machine, The construction process of the floor slab 4 may be appropriately changed in accordance with the configuration of the tunnel excavator, the excavation process, the lining process, and the like.

  In the above-described embodiment, the PCa plate 10 for forming the floor slab is configured by the horizontal unit 10a and the leg unit 10b that supports it. However, the configuration of the PCa plate 10 is not limited to such conditions as the scale of the tunnel and the cross-sectional shape. The design and the construction process of the floor slab 4 can be variously changed including the form of the shoulder portion 13 and the construction procedure thereof.

  In the above embodiment, a portal crane having a configuration in which the hoist 24 is moved in each horizontal direction is adopted as the crane 11 for floor slab construction, and the crane is pulled by the subsequent carriage 2. An optimum type may be adopted in consideration of various conditions such as the configuration and the assembling procedure thereof, and a self-propelled crane, for example, can be adopted in addition to the towing type.

  As in the above-described embodiment, the lower part of the floor slab 4 is used as a transport path for the segment 3, and the transport device 30 having a configuration in which the transport carriage 32 is self-propelled is installed in the stretchable manner. Although it is preferable to install 60 so as to be able to move forward, it may be omitted if the transport device 30 and the relay transport device 60 are unnecessary. Of course, the configurations of the transfer device 30 and the relay transfer device 60 can be variously changed, and it is conceivable to transfer not only the segment 3 but also other materials and cases.

It is a perspective view which shows the construction condition by the tunnel construction method which is embodiment of this invention. FIG. It is a figure which shows the construction procedure of a floor slab. It is a figure which shows the assembly operation procedure of the PCa plate for floor slab formation same as the above. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of a conveying apparatus equally. It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the holding mechanism in a conveyance trolley. It is a figure which shows the point switching mechanism in a conveying apparatus equally. It is a figure which shows a relay conveyance apparatus equally.

Explanation of symbols

1 Shield machine (tunnel excavator)
2 Subsequent cart 3 segment (lining material)
4 Floor slab 10 PCa slab 10a Horizontal unit 10b Leg unit 11 Crane 13 Road shoulder 20 Main beam 21 Strut 22 Cart 23 Sub beam 24 Hoist 25 Mobile formwork device 30 Transport device 31 Rail 31a Outbound rail 31b Return rail 31c Unit rail 32 Transport cart 50 Point switching mechanism 60 Relay transport device

Claims (5)

It is a tunnel construction method that follows the tunnel excavating machine and constructs the floor slab immediately after,
A PCa slab for floor slab formation is installed at the bottom of the tunnel between the trailing carriage installed behind the tunnel excavator so as to be able to move forward and the tip of the slab already installed behind it. The crane for constructing the
The PCa slab is transported from the wellhead side to the position of the crane, and the PCa slab is lifted by the crane, transported to the tip of the floor slab that has been installed, and installed there, gradually. Extend forward,
A tunnel construction method characterized by causing the crane to follow a tunnel excavator and advance together with the subsequent carriage. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1,
The PCa plate for floor slab formation is installed at the bottom of the tunnel with a space in the width direction of the tunnel and a rectangular planographic horizontal unit whose length in the long side is slightly shorter than the width of the entire floor slab to be constructed. And a pair of leg units that support the horizontal unit,
When installing the PCa plate, first, the leg unit is lifted by the crane and installed in a self-supporting state at the bottom of the tunnel in front of the finished floor slab, and then the horizontal unit is installed in the long side direction. After transporting from the wellhead side to the position of the crane for floor slab construction as the direction along the tunnel axis direction, it is lifted by the crane and transported further forward and rotated in the horizontal plane to tunnel the long side direction Match the width direction, and in that state, place the horizontal unit on the leg unit and connect it to the tip of the floor slab that has already been installed.
After that, the tunnel construction method is characterized in that the floor slab is constructed by forming a road shoulder by placing concrete between both ends of the horizontal unit and the tunnel well wall. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1 or 2,
A pair of struts that can be moved in the tunnel axial direction by standing on a floor slab that has been constructed with a gap in the tunnel width direction through a carriage, respectively, and the tip part is followed by the crane. A pair of main beams that are supported by a carriage and supported by the pillars in the vicinity of the rear end and are parallel to each other along the tunnel axis direction, and run in the tunnel axis direction across the main beams. A sub beam that is made possible, and a hoist that supports the sub beam and can travel in the tunnel width direction and can lift the PCa plate for floor slab formation;
A tunnel construction method characterized by following the excavation and pulling the crane forward by the following carriage. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
A transport path for transporting materials such as lining materials is secured in the lower space of the installed floor slab, and a material transport device is installed in the transport path, and the floor slab is made to follow the extension to the front. The conveyor is also extended forward,
In front of the transport device, a relay transport device that relays the material transported by the transport device and transports it further forward is installed so as to be able to move forward following the excavation,
A tunnel construction method characterized in that materials are transported from a wellhead side to a tunnel excavator or a succeeding carriage by the transport device and the relay transport device. The tunnel construction method according to claim 4,
As a configuration in which the conveying device installed in the lower space of the floor slab that has been constructed is configured to support and guide the conveyance carriage by a series of rails formed by continuing unit rails of a predetermined length, the rails, Consists of a forward trajectory that allows the carriage to self-propell from the wellhead side to the position of the end of the floor slab that has been constructed, and a return trajectory that self-travels from the position of the end of the floor slab that has already been constructed toward the wellhead, These forward rails and return rails are installed independently in the upper and lower two levels in the lower space of the installed floor slab, and the carriage is moved from the forward rail to the return rail at the end of the forward rail and the front end of the return rail. A point switching mechanism for making it possible to move forward,
A tunneling method characterized in that when the transport device is extended forward, the point switching mechanism is advanced to add new unit rails to the end of the forward rail and the start of the return rail.

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