JP2006177136A - Structure of external wall or roof having vent layer for reducing transmission of radiation heat and acquisition of solar radiation heat - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To assure high heat insulating and heat shielding performances of an external wall or a roof without changing the thickness of a heat insulating material by imparting the heat insulating and heat shielding properties to a vent layer which is conventionally expected to have a dehumidifying action by the circulation of the air, and to reduce a thickness of the heat insulating material compared to the conventional one when the heat insulation and heat shielding properties do not have to be changed, in a structure of the external wall or the roof of a building. <P>SOLUTION: In a building having an external facing material 11 installed by the intermediary of the vent layer 9 mounted on the outside of the structure of the external wall or the roof, low radiating sheets 8, 8a having a low radiating performance against the heat radiation of long wavelength components are installed on the vent layer 9 side surfaces of one or both of the external material 11 and the heat insulating material 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a building having a function of blocking heat transfer such as radiation of outside heat into the room or radiation of room heat into the outside air on the outer surface side of the outer wall or the roof, particularly high heat insulation / high heat shielding performance. It relates to an outer wall or roof structure having The outer wall or roof structure is used in the sense that the heat insulating structure of the present invention can be commonly applied to the outer wall and the roof.

  In buildings such as houses, adopting sufficient heat insulation structure not only saves air conditioning costs, but also contributes to comfortable living spaces. It is also effective in maintaining a comfortable living space.

  The heat insulation structure of a building is roughly divided into an inner heat insulation method and an outer heat insulation method. The inner heat insulation method is also referred to as the filling heat insulation method, and is a method in which the heat insulating material is filled from the inside of the wall to the indoor side or the gap of the structure, and the outer heat insulation method is a method in which the heat insulating material is installed outside the structural housing. is there. In any of the heat insulation methods, a method of installing an exterior material through the ventilator edge is often used. In addition, although a ventilation layer is formed between the exterior material by the ventilation trunk edge, this ventilation layer has not been treated as a conventional heat insulation layer, and is a method used exclusively as a layer for removing moisture. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-212813 is a related art related to an external heat insulation system having a ventilation layer.

In the roof structure, a ventilation layer is formed between the roof base material and the heat insulating material or the structural material, or between the roofing material and the roof base material. The emissivity of the surface facing this ventilation layer, this ventilation layer Based on the relationship between the air flow rate, the heat insulation power of the heat insulating material, the solar reflectance of the outer surface of the exterior material and the emissivity and the heat transfer, the heat insulation performance is actively reduced by reducing the emissivity of the surface facing the ventilation layer. Improved technology has not been developed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-212813

  Conventionally, the heat insulating function of the outer wall and the ventilation layer of the roof has been ignored. For this reason, in order to improve heat insulation performance and energy saving performance, the specification and thickness of the heat insulating material are changed.

  However, increasing the thickness of the heat insulating material is not enough for a single plate heat insulating material, and multiple heat insulating plates will be placed on top of each other, which will increase the work and increase the construction cost as well as the material cost. There is a problem that leads to a large cost increase. For example, in order to improve the heat insulation performance, a 140 mm thick heat insulating material is disposed. In addition, it takes three construction steps to bond a 50 mm thick veneer + a 50 mm thick veneer + a 40 mm thick heat insulating veneer, and the heat insulation to be used. A lot of materials are also required.

For example, in a steel house having an outer heat insulating structure, as described above, the ventilation layer is expected to have a dehumidifying effect due to the air circulation of the ventilation layer, and normally the outside from the heat insulating material including the ventilation layer is treated as outside air. In contrast, in the present invention, in the present invention, this ventilation layer functions as a highly heat-insulating / high-heat-shielding layer against the entry of outside air heat into the room in the summer, and this ventilation layer is connected to the outside of the room heat in the winter. The design model is incorporated so as to function as an outflow suppression layer. By designing the outer heat insulation structure in this way, it is possible to provide high heat insulation and heat insulation performance without changing the thickness of the heat insulating material, and when it is not necessary to change the heat insulation and heat insulation performance, compared to the conventional case It is possible to realize a roof / wall structure having high heat insulation and high heat insulation performance that can reduce the cost of the heat insulating material and reduce the cost.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows.

  In the first aspect of the present invention, the outer wall is provided with an outer wall exterior material through a ventilation layer on the outer side of the structural body. The outer surface of the exterior material has a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity (corresponding to heat radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more). A coating with a low emissivity) and a coating with a low emissivity on the inner surface of the exterior material. An outer wall structure characterized by that.

  A second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior member with a minute space between the inner surface and the outer surface. .

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed via the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, the outer surface of the exterior material has a high solar reflectance and an emissivity (corresponding to heat radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more). A coating with a high outer surface) is provided on the outer surface of the exterior material, and a small space is provided between the inner surface of the exterior material and the inner surface with a lower emissivity on the inner surface. It is characterized by being provided.

  A fourth invention is characterized in that, in the first to third inventions, a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the outer wall exterior material via the ventilation layer.

  The fifth invention is characterized in that, in the fourth invention, the emissivity of the surface film facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less.

  A sixth invention is the first or second invention, wherein the outer surface solar reflectance of the exterior material outer surface film is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less. And the emissivity of the film | membrane of the inner surface of an exterior material is 0.3 or less, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in a roof in which a roof covering material is installed via a ventilation layer on the upper side of a structural driving body, or a roof having a ventilation layer between a waterproofing material and a roof covering material installed on the roof base material, A small space between the outer surface of the roofing material and an outer surface having a high solar reflectance and an emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) and an inner surface with a low emissivity. It is characterized by having a low emissivity coating on the inner surface of the roofing material.

  An eighth invention is characterized in that, in the seventh invention, a film having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the roof covering material with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. .

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in a roof in which a roof covering material is installed via a ventilation layer on the upper side of a structural driving body, or a roof having a ventilation layer between a waterproofing material and a roof covering material installed on the roof base material, On the outer surface, a film having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) is provided on the outer surface of the roofing material, and the emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the roofing material. A film having a low inner surface and an outer surface is provided with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface.

  A tenth invention is characterized in that, in the seventh to ninth inventions, a film having a low emissivity or a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the roofing material through the ventilation layer. And

  An eleventh invention is characterized in that, in the tenth invention, the emissivity of the surface coating facing the roof covering material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less.

  In a twelfth aspect, in the seventh or eighth aspect, the outer solar radiation reflectance of the outer surface of the roofing material is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less. And the emissivity of the film | membrane of the inner surface of a roof covering material is 0.3 or less, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the outer wall in which the outer wall exterior material is installed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural casing, or in the roof in which the roof casing is installed through the upper ventilation layer of the structural casing, the outer wall exterior material or the roof casing material A coating layer having a high solar reflectance is provided on the outer surface of each of the two, and a low-radiation sheet is attached to at least one of the two surfaces facing the respective air-permeable layers.

  In a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waterproofing material or a roofing material that is provided with a paint layer having high solar reflectance on the outer surface of the roofing material and faces a ventilation layer formed between the waterproofing material installed on the roof base material and the roofing material. 2. A low radioactive sheet is attached to at least one of the two surfaces.

  According to a fifteenth aspect, in the thirteenth or fourteenth aspect, a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on a surface facing the outer wall exterior material via the ventilation layer, or a roof covering material via the ventilation layer. A film having a low emissivity or a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the surface.

  According to a sixteenth aspect, in the thirteenth to fifteenth aspects, the solar radiation reflectance of the reflective paint provided on the outer surface of the outer wall exterior material or the roof is 0.5 or more, and the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more is 0.00. The emissivity of at least one of the low-radiation sheets attached to either or both of the surfaces facing the ventilation layer is 7 or more.

  According to a seventeenth aspect, in the first to sixteenth aspects, the vent layer is a vent layer having an opening for taking in outside air and an opening for discharging the taken outside air to the outside.

  In an eighteenth aspect based on the first to seventeenth aspects, the low radiation coating is any one of a metal foil sheet, a metal vapor deposition sheet, a metal plate or a sheet containing a surface-treated metal plate, and a low radiation coating. Features.

  A nineteenth invention is characterized in that, in the first to eighteenth inventions, the film having a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity is the surface of the exterior material itself or a coating film.

  A twentieth invention is characterized in that, in the first to nineteenth inventions, the main structural drive body in terms of structural strength is composed of a thin plate lightweight steel, wood, steel frame, reinforced concrete, or a mixed structure thereof.

  According to a twenty-first aspect, in the first to twentieth aspects, the thickness of the outer wall ventilation layer is 50 mm or less, and the thickness of the roof ventilation layer is 100 mm or less.

  According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, in an outer wall exterior material or roof covering material installed through a ventilation layer on the outer side of a structural driving body, the outer surface has high solar reflectance and emissivity (for heat radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more). Corresponding emissivity) A coating with an outer surface with a low emissivity and an inner surface with a low emissivity is provided with a minute space between the outer surface and a coating with a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface. Features.

  According to a twenty-third aspect, in the twenty-second aspect, a film having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface.

  According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention, in an exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall installed through a ventilation layer on the outside of a structural driving body, the outer surface has a high solar reflectance and an emissivity (for heat radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more). Corresponding emissivity) is provided with a coating with an outer surface, and the inner surface is provided with a coating with a low emissivity inner surface and outer surface with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. To do.

  According to a twenty-fifth aspect, in the twenty-second to twenty-fourth aspects, the outer surface solar reflectance of the outer surface coating is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and The emissivity of the coating on the inner surface is 0.3 or less.

  According to a twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention, in an exterior material for an outer wall that is installed through an outer ventilation layer of a structural body or a roofing material that is installed through an upper ventilation layer of a structural body, solar radiation is reflected on the outer surface. A film having a high rate and a high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more) is provided, and a film having a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface.

According to a twenty-seventh aspect, in the twenty-sixth aspect, the outer surface solar reflectance of the outer surface coating is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the emissivity of the inner surface coating is 0.3 or less. It is characterized by being.

  According to the present invention, the outer surface of a building exterior material has a coating film having high reflection performance with respect to heat radiation of a short wavelength component having a wavelength of 3 μm or less and low radiation with respect to heat radiation of a short wavelength component having a wavelength of 3 μm or more. Low radiation performance with low radiation against heat radiation of short wavelength components of 3 μm or more on the surface of the ventilation layer side of at least one of the heat insulating material and outer wall exterior material of the building By installing a low-radiation sheet having a heat-insulating / heat-insulating layer, the ventilation layer, which was previously expected only to function as moisture removal, can be made cheaper without changing the thickness of the heat-insulating material. It is possible to realize an outer wall or roof structure with high heat insulation and heat insulation performance. Therefore, when it is not necessary to change the heat insulation / heat insulation performance, the heat insulating material can be thinned by applying the present invention, which is economical in terms of construction and material costs. In addition, the outer surface of the outer wall is coated with high solar reflection performance for the short wavelength components of sunlight, etc., and by the synergistic effect with the previous low-radiation sheet, even higher heat insulation and heat insulation performance in summer Can be granted.

These low-radiation sheets and reflective paints are not on-site, painted on-site, but are subjected to surface treatment and other measures in advance when manufacturing building materials at the factory for outer walls or roof panels, resulting in mass production and further reduction in cost. Can be realized. As described above, according to the present invention, as a means for realizing the outer wall or roof structure of a building having high heat insulation and heat insulation performance, the cost of the building is lower than that in the conventional case where the performance depends only on the thickness of the heat insulating material. In addition, a shorter construction period can be realized.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention can be applied to any of thin and light steel structures represented by steel houses, or wooden structures, steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, or mixed structures of these structures. To do.

  A steel house is a thin, lightweight steel structure made of thin lightweight steel with a thickness of around 1mm and a structural surface material. It has superior seismic resistance, durability, heat insulation, etc. compared to a wooden structure. In recent years, an attempt has been made to further improve the outer heat insulating structure that is currently standardized in pursuit of higher performance of the heat insulating performance. In the present embodiment, new technical improvements that have not been attempted in the conventional heat insulating structure have been made.

  1-4, FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view showing a structure for attaching an exterior material via a structural housing and a ventilation layer in a steel house of an outer heat insulation system, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a front view of the outdoor side.

  In each figure, a frame of a structural frame is constructed by assembling a thin frame lightweight shape steel vertical frame 1, a lower frame 2 and an upper frame (not shown), and plaster the other flange 1b of the vertical frame 1. An interior material (covering material) 3 such as a board is fixed. This structural frame may be composed of thin lightweight steel or wood, steel frame, reinforced concrete, or a mixed structure thereof. The interior material 3 has an indoor side fireproof covering structural surface material 3a made of reinforced gypsum board joined to the other side flange 1b of the vertical frame 1 with a fastener 5 such as a nail or a drill screw as an underlay, and further indoor side fireproofing. The indoor side fireproof covering material 3b made of reinforced gypsum board or the like is stapled on the indoor side surface of the covering structural face material 3a.

  A structural strength face material 4 made of structural plywood or fiber reinforced cement board is joined to one side flange 1a of the vertical frame 1 by a fastener 5 such as a nail or a drill screw. A structural strength main part (hereinafter referred to as a structural frame) 6 is composed of the structural strength face material 4, the indoor side fireproof covering structural surface material 3a, and the thin lightweight steel steel frame 1 (and upper and lower frames). It is composed. Alternatively, the structural housing 6 may be configured without including the indoor side fireproof covering structural face material 3a.

  A foamed plastic heat insulating material 7 such as polystyrene foam is disposed on the outer side (outdoor side) of the structural load-bearing face material 4, and the ceramic industry system is further connected to the outer side of the heat insulating material 7 through the ventilator edge 10. A siding exterior 11 is installed. The ventilation trunk edge 10 is vertically arranged with a predetermined interval, and a ventilation layer 9 is formed between the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 via the ventilation trunk edge 10. The ventilation layer 9 may be configured as a ventilation layer having an opening for taking in outside air and an opening for discharging the taken outside air to the outside. When applied as an outer wall structure, the thickness of the ventilation layer 9 may be 50 mm or less, and when applied as a roof structure, the thickness of the ventilation layer 9 is 100 mm or less. It may be.

  The reason is that when the ventilation layer formed between the outer wall exterior material and the ventilation layer 9 formed between the roofing materials is the target, there is actually not much ventilation layer 9 with a thickness larger than this. It is expected that the calculation method used in the simulation is an application limit (a relatively thin ventilation layer 9 is set with a condition that the ventilation rate is not so large).

  The dimensions of the air-permeable layer 9 at the working level are about 20 mm on the wall and about 50 mm on the roof. However, it does not mean that the effect is not exhibited unless it is less than this value.

The heat insulating material 7 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 are fixed to the vertical frame 1 by passing through the ventilation trunk edge 10 and placing a fastener 5 such as a nail or a drill screw on the other flange 1b of the vertical frame 1. Yes. Further, the outer packaging material 11 is fixed to the ventilator rim 10 by driving a fastener 5 such as a nail and a drill screw from the outer side of the ventilator rim 10 to the ventilator rim 10. The space | interval of the ventilation trunk | drum 10 is arbitrary, and you may arrange | position not only vertically but horizontally.

  Furthermore, low-radiation sheets 8 and 8 a are disposed on the surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 facing the air-permeable layers 9. Here, the low emissivity sheet refers to a sheet having an emissivity of 0.3 or less with respect to long-wavelength (3 μm or more) thermal radiation. It is most desirable to provide the low radiation sheets 8 and 8a on both surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the outer packaging material 11 as shown in the figure. It may be disposed only on one of the surfaces. In this case, the necessary high heat insulation and high heat shielding properties can be secured by a synergistic effect with a reflective paint (described later) applied to the outer surface of the exterior material 11. Is possible. Further, the low-emissivity sheets 8 and 8a are those having a predetermined emissivity, and details thereof will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In particular, the low radiation sheet 8a may have moisture permeability. Here, moisture permeability refers to the degree of the property of passing water vapor (gas). In general, it is often embodied as a membrane that allows water vapor to pass but not water (liquid). A typical film having moisture permeability is embodied in, for example, Tyvek (registered trademark).

  Incidentally, the low radiation sheet 8, 8a may be formed of any one of a metal foil sheet, a metal deposition sheet, a sheet including a metal plate or a surface-treated metal plate, or a low radiation coating. .

  Air flows through the ventilation layer 9 provided with the low radioactive sheets 8 and 8a. That is, the ventilation layer 9 has a moisture removal function by circulating the ventilation layer 9 with one end (not shown) on the air inflow side and the other end on the air outflow side.

  In the present invention, the name of the low-radiation sheet is used in a broad sense as a representative example of forming a low-radiation layer on the surface of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 on the side of the ventilation layer 9. The system includes a low radioactive sheet. In the case of a sheet system, specific examples of the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a include an aluminum foil reflective sheet, a stainless sheet, and an aluminum vapor deposition sheet in which a low radiation layer is laminated on one surface or both surfaces of a resin-based sheet body. . In the case of a low radiation sheet in which a low radiation layer is laminated on one surface of the resin-based sheet body, the low radiation sheet 8 on the exterior material 11 side is attached so that the low radiation layer faces the ventilation layer 9 side. Further, even in the low radiation sheet 8 on the heat insulating material 7 side, the low radiation layer is attached so as to be on the side facing the ventilation layer 9. When the low-radiation sheet is a paint system, the low-radiation paint is applied to the surface of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 on the side of the ventilation layer. These low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a and low-radiation paint can be disposed on the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 by on-site work, but must be performed by mechanical work in advance in the process of manufacturing the wall panel at the factory. The workability is further improved.

  In addition to installing the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a on one or both surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 facing the ventilation layer 9, in the present invention, the outer surface of the exterior material 11 also has high solar reflectivity. A reflective layer 15 such as a coating having a low-radiation sheet 8 and 8a is formed, and further high heat insulation and high heat shielding performance can be achieved by a synergistic effect with the low radiation sheets 8 and 8a. Further, the reflective paint forming the reflective layer 15 is defined as a reflective paint having high reflective performance with respect to a short wavelength component (less than 3 μm) of sunlight, and more specifically, a reflectance of 0.5 or more. Say things.

  Next, the assembly process which comprises the wall of a steel house is demonstrated.

  (1) The low radiation sheets 8 and 8a are disposed on the surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 by mechanical means so that the reflection surface faces the air-permeable layer 9.

  (2) The vertical frame 1 is arranged on the upper frame (not shown) and the lower frame 2 arranged in advance. In this case, if necessary, the vertical frame 1 and the upper and lower frames are temporarily fixed with a tape, a tapping screw, caulking, or the like.

  (3) A structural load bearing member 4 is attached. At this time, the vertical frame 1 is made to be a longitudinal seam of the structural load bearing member 4. Further, the structural load bearing member 4, the vertical frame 1, and the upper and lower frames are joined and integrated with a screw 5 or a fastener 5 such as a tapping screw.

  (4) The heat insulating material 7 is arranged on the outdoor side of the structural load bearing material 4 so that the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a face the ventilation layer 9. In this case, the heat insulating material 7 is arrange | positioned on the outdoor side of the structural yielding face material 4 without a gap, and temporarily fixed with a tape or the like.

  (5) The ventilation trunk edge 10 for forming the ventilation layer 9 is attached. When the exterior material 11 is horizontally stretched, the ventilation trunk edge 10 is arranged in the vertical direction at a predetermined interval, and the vertical frame 1 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 are joined by a fastener 5 such as a tapping screw. When the exterior material 11 is vertically stretched, the ventilation trunk edge 10 is horizontally arranged at a predetermined interval, and the vertical frame 1 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 are joined by a fastener 5 such as a tapping screw.

  (6) A steel joint joiner (plated steel plate, etc.) 12 is attached. When there is an outer wall sealing joint 13, a steel joint joiner 12 is arranged in advance.

  (7) The exterior material 11 is arranged so that the low radioactive sheets 8 and 8a face the ventilation layer 9. The mutual overlap allowance of the exterior material 11 shall be about 9 mm. The width of the sealing joint 13 is about 10 mm.

  (8) At the position where the exterior material 11 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 intersect, the exterior material 11 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 are joined with a tapping screw. The sealing joint 13 is filled with joint material made of urethane, acrylic urethane, polysulfide, silicone, or the like to complete the outer heat insulating wall.

  The applicant of the present invention has a high heat insulation and high heat shielding performance by combining the low radiation sheets 8 and 8a of the ventilation layer 9 and the reflective layer 15 of the exterior material 11 with respect to the roof / wall structure shown in FIGS. Since a simulation for confirming the above has been performed, a description will be given with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a model of a roof / wall structure similar to that in FIG. 1 for performing a test for confirming high heat insulation and high heat shielding performance. 6 and 11 show the external conditions for simulation, and FIGS. 7 to 10 and 12 show the numerical values of the high thermal insulation and high thermal insulation performance in the roof / wall structure confirmed by the simulation under different conditions. It is a graph shown.

  In FIG. 5, similarly to FIG. 1, a structural housing 6 is constituted by the interior material 3 and the structural load-bearing face material 4, and a heat insulating material 7 is disposed outside the structural housing 6, and a ventilation layer 9 is disposed outside thereof. The exterior material 11 is provided through the. In the figure, as a target parameter for controlling the heat insulation / heat insulation performance in the wall structure, the thickness of the heat insulating material 7 is indicated by “TH”, and similarly, the low-radiation sheet 8 on the side facing the ventilation layer 9 of the exterior material 11. Surface emissivity according to (not shown in FIG. 5): “E1”, surface emissivity due to low emissivity sheet 8a (not shown in FIG. 5) arranged facing the ventilation layer 9 side of the heat insulating material 7: “ E2 ”, emissivity of the outer surface by providing the reflective layer 15 on the exterior material 11:“ ESO ”, solar reflectance of the outer surface of the exterior material 11:“ ρS ”, and upper and lower aperture ratios of the ventilation layer 9:“ OA ” ] Respectively.

  In the following, the configuration shown in FIG. 5 when the thickness (TH) of the heat insulating material 7 is 40 mm will be the model of the present invention, and the conventional model without the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a and the reflective layer 15 in the above configuration is used. (Reference), and the reflectivity of the low-radiation sheet and the reduction rate of heat flow through the wall (described later) are both displayed as a comparison with the conventional model (reference).

  FIG. 6 shows the ambient temperature, solar radiation amount, nighttime radiation amount (cooling) according to the time in Tokyo / summer season as the external conditions when performing the numerical prediction simulation that can optimize the solar reflection and the surface reflection in the model of the present invention of FIG. The change in temperature, nighttime radiation amount, and solar radiation amount for 24 hours a day is shown for 1 day for design).

  Under the external conditions of FIG. 6, the present invention model of FIG. 5 is incorporated into the conventional model to simulate the heat flow reduction rate when the horizontal plane (roof) and the east / west / south / north plane (wall) are used. Numerical simulation (quantification of heat shielding effect) was performed to optimize the surface radiation of the part.

  In the present invention, the combined performance of the model composite shown in FIG. 5 is targeted to reduce the heat flow rate reduction rate of 20% to 60%, and numerically confirm this. That is, as a means for achieving the goal of reducing the heat flow rate with reference to the heat flow rate of the composite having the structure of the conventional model, the solar reflectance on the outer surface of the exterior material 11 is increased and faces the ventilation layer 9. Assuming that a low-radiation sheet is attached to the surface of the exterior material 11 and the heat insulating material 7, what is the value of the values of the solar reflectance and the radiation rate of the low-radiation sheet relative to the conventional model? It was simulated whether a flow rate of 20% to 60% could be achieved. As a result, the solar reflectance of the outer surface of the exterior material 11 is 0.8, and the emissivity of the low radioactive sheet is 0.2 or less or 0.3 or less (in this case, a synergistic effect with the reflective layer on the outer surface of the outer wall). It has been confirmed that the heat flow rate can be reduced by 20% to 60% by combining numerical values.

  FIG. 7 shows, as part of the summer season, the Tokyo region as a test site, the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a as the exterior material 11 and the heat insulating material 7, the heat insulating material thickness of 40 mm, and the solar reflectance of 0.8. It is a graph which shows the reduction | decrease rate of the inflow heat amount when it raises even to. The thickness of the ventilation layer is 20 mm for the wall, 50 mm for the roof, and the roof slope is 30 ° facing south. These points are common to FIGS. 8 to 10 and 12. In the graph of the figure, in the dotted line curve of “ρS, E1, E2”, the heat flow reduction rate can be reduced by about 65% at maximum due to the synergistic effect of the reflectance of the outer surface of the exterior material 11 and the emissivity of the ventilation layer. Was confirmed. Further, in the curve of “E1, E2”, it was found that the heat flow reduction rate can be stably reduced by about 20% when the emissivity of the ventilation layer is reduced to about 0.2. On the other hand, it was also confirmed that when the emissivity of the outer surface of the “ESO” exterior material 11 was reduced, the heat flow rate increased by about 20 to 30%.

  FIG. 8 shows, as part of the summer season, the Tokyo region as a test site, the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a as the exterior material 11 and the heat insulating material 7, the heat insulating material thickness of 60 mm, and the solar reflectance of 0.8. It is a graph which shows the reduction | decrease rate of the inflow heat amount when it raises even to. In the graph of the figure, the dotted line curve of “ρS, E1, E2” confirms that the heat flow reduction rate can be reduced by about 63% at maximum by the synergistic effect of the reflectance of the outer surface and the emissivity of the ventilation layer. It was. Further, in the curve of “E1, E2”, it was found that the heat flow reduction rate can be stably reduced by about 20% when the emissivity of the ventilation layer is reduced to about 0.2. On the other hand, when the emissivity of the outer surface of the “ESO” exterior material 11 is reduced, the heat flow rate is increased by about 20 to 30% as in FIG.

  FIG. 9 shows, as part of summer season 3, the Tokyo area as a test site, the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a described above are used for the exterior material 11 and the heat insulating material 7, the heat insulating material thickness TH is added to the parameters, and the solar reflectance is It is the graph which showed the reduction rate of the inflow heat amount in the case of raising to 0.5. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the solar reflectance is increased to 0.8. However, FIG. 9 shows the effect when the solar reflectance is increased to 0.5, which can be achieved relatively easily. On the outer wall, even if the solar reflectance (ρS) and the surface emissivity (E1, E2) are changed independently, the heat penetration rate is reduced when the insulation thickness (TH) is changed from 40mm to 60mm. It does n’t come. However, on the roof, by changing the emissivity (E1, E2) on both sides of the ventilation layer, approximately 25% of the inflow heat reduction effect is obtained, which is the same as changing the insulation thickness (TH) from 40 mm to 60 mm. It is done. The greatest effect is when both the solar reflectance (ρS) and the surface emissivity (E1, E2) are changed, about 40% larger than changing the insulation thickness (TH) from 40 mm to 60 mm. An effect is obtained, and an effect of about 25% to 30% is obtained at the outer wall.

  In FIG. 10, in summer season 4, for the roof, the ratio of the inflow heat when each parameter is changed with the aperture ratio (OA) of the ventilation layer added to the parameters as described above and the reference case as 100 is shown. Show. Increasing the opening ratio of the ventilation layer from the standard narrowness to 2.5 times that of the standard, and taking into account the change in solar reflectance (ρS) and surface emissivity (E1, E2), the inflow heat amount of up to 50% in Case 6 Can be reduced. Returning to FIGS. 7 and 8, the effect only when the aperture ratio is increased from the standard narrowness to 2.5 times that of the standard is about 18% for the roof as shown in “OA”, and the maximum is 10 for the wall depending on the direction. %. For this reason, it is effective to use the ventilation effect of the ventilation layer in combination particularly on the roof. For this purpose, it is preferable that the air supply / exhaust port of the ventilation layer has as much ventilation resistance as possible.

  From the above, the following can be said. On summer days, the incoming heat of the sun is reflected or absorbed by the reflective layer 15 of the exterior material 11. Still, heat from the heat rays (infrared rays) is radiated from the surface on the side of the ventilation layer 9 through the exterior material 11, so this heat is blocked by the low radiation sheet 8 attached to the surface of the exterior material 11 on the side of the ventilation layer 9. To do. Further, the heat radiated to the ventilation layer 9 through the low radiation sheet 8 is blocked by the low radiation sheet 8a on the heat insulating material 7 side. In this way, the three-stage heat insulation structure reduces the heat flow rate of the wall structure composed of, for example, the heat insulating material installed on the outside of the structural housing to the exterior material by about 70% to about 20% compared to the conventional case. It was confirmed that it was possible. In addition, when it is not necessary to change the heat insulation / heat insulation performance, the heat insulating material 7 can be made thinner by applying the present invention, which is economical in terms of construction and material costs.

  FIG. 11 shows the ambient temperature, solar radiation amount, nighttime radiation amount (heating) according to the time of Tokyo / winter as the external conditions when performing the numerical prediction simulation capable of optimizing the solar reflection and the surface reflection in the model of the present invention of FIG. The change in temperature, nighttime radiation amount, and solar radiation amount for 24 hours a day is shown for 1 day for design).

  The present invention model of FIG. 5 is incorporated into the conventional model under the clear cold winter external conditions of FIG. 11, and the heat flow reduction rate when the horizontal plane (roof) and the east, west, south, and north surfaces (walls) are simulated is simulated. A numerical prediction simulation (numerization of heat shielding effect) was carried out to optimize solar reflection and surface radiation of the ventilation layer.

  FIG. 12 shows the heat-transmission flow rate reduction rate using the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a as the exterior material 11 and the heat insulating material 7 as a test site in winter in the winter, and using the heat insulating material thickness TH as a parameter. It is a graph. In the graph of the figure, increasing the solar reflectance (ρS) as a measure to reduce the amount of heat passing through by solar radiation reduces the acquisition of solar heat in the winter, and heat loss increases slightly. However, if the surface emissivity (E1) on one side is changed in addition to the solar reflectance (ρS), this increase in heat loss can be prevented. In addition, when the solar reflectance (ρS) and the surface emissivity (E1, E2) on both sides are changed, not only compensate for the negative increase in the solar reflectance (ρS), but also the insulation thickness (TH) is 40mm. The heat loss can be reduced by about 10% as in the case of increasing from 50 mm to 50 mm.

  From the above, the following can be said. In winter, heat loss is increased by reflecting heat input from solar radiation by the reflective layer 15 of the exterior material 11, but heat that moves from the indoor side to the outside by the low-radiation sheet 8 attached to the surface on the side of the ventilation layer 9. Since the heat loss can be reduced, the heat loss can be reduced, and when the heat loss is made equal, it is economical in terms of construction and material costs to make the heat insulating material thinner. That is, the low radioactive sheet 8 can reduce the heat flow rate from the outside to the inside or from the inside to the outside, regardless of summer or winter.

  FIGS. 13A and 13B show an example in which the present invention is applied to a roof having two outer heat insulating structures as another embodiment. In FIG. 13A, a structural frame is configured by attaching a face plate 17 such as a plywood to a frame body 16 made of a thin, lightweight steel, and a field board 19 is installed on the face plate 17 via a base rafter 18. A heat insulating material 7 is installed in the gap between the face plate 17 and the base plate 19. In FIG.13 (b), the roof base material 20 which serves as a field board is provided, and these structures are common to Fig.13 (a), (b). Further, in FIG. 13A, a roof base material 21 is provided on the base plate 19 via the ventilator edge 10, and the roof covering material 22 is provided on the roof base material 21 via a waterproof material (not shown). Is provided. A ventilation layer 9 is formed between the base plate 19 and the roof base material 21.

  In FIG. 13 (b), a waterproof material 23 is stuck on the roof base material 20, and the waterproof material 23 is pressed by a flow beam 24. A tile beam 25 is provided orthogonal to the flow beam 23, and a roof frame 22 is provided above the roof base material 20 via the tile beam 25. In addition, a ventilation layer 9 is formed between the roof frame material 22 and the roof base material 20 via the tile beam 25 and the flow beam 23.

  In the roof of the external heat insulation system of FIG. 13A, a coating layer 15 having high solar reflectance is provided on the outer surface of the roof covering material 22 as necessary, and the base plate 19 and the roof base material facing the ventilation layer 9 are provided. The low radioactive sheet 8, 8a is attached to at least one of the two surfaces 21. The figure shows an example in which a low radioactive sheet is attached to two surfaces.

  In the outer heat insulating roof of FIG. 13B, a paint layer 15 having high solar reflectance is provided on the outer surface of the roof covering material 22 as necessary, and the waterproof material 23 and the roof installed above the roof base material 20. The low radiation sheets 8 and 8a are attached to at least one of the two surfaces of the waterproof material 23 or the roof material 20 facing the ventilation layer 9 formed between the materials 22. In the figure, an example in which a low radioactive sheet is attached to two surfaces is shown.

  As shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), the low-radiation sheets 8, 8a and the reflective layer 15 of the present invention are installed on the outer surfaces of the ventilation layer 9 and the roof covering material 22 formed on the roof of the outer heat insulation system. By doing so, radiant heat transfer and solar heat acquisition into the building due to solar radiation of the roof can be significantly reduced.

  FIG. 14 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a wall of a filled heat insulating structure as still another embodiment. The case where the space between the pillars is filled with a heat insulating material is called filling heat insulation. Referring to FIG. 14, a base 29 is installed on the cloth foundation 26 via a mortar 27 and a rubber sheet 28, and a pillar 30 is erected from the base 29 to form a wall 31 between the pillars. The left side of the wall 31 is the outdoor side, the right side is the indoor side, and a heat insulating material (not shown) is stretched on the right side of the wall 31 to form a casing of a filled heat insulating structure. The exterior material 11 is attached to the left side of the wall 31 (that is, the outdoor side) through a horizontal trunk edge 32 and fixed with a nail 33, and the ventilation layer 9 is formed between the exterior material 11 and the wall 31. A vent drainer 34 is provided at the lower lateral trunk edge 32.

  14, the coating layer 15 having high solar reflectance is provided on the outer surface of the exterior material 11 as necessary, and at least the surface of the outer wall material 11 facing the ventilation layer 9 and the surface of the wall 31 are provided. On one side, the low radioactive sheets 8 and 8a are attached. The figure shows an example in which a low radioactive sheet is attached to two surfaces.

  As shown in FIG. 14, by installing the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a in the ventilation layer and the solar radiation reflection layer 15 on the outer surface of the exterior material, it is possible to significantly reduce the acquisition of solar heat into the building having a filled heat insulating structure.

  In the present invention, the exterior material 11 may be replaced with an exterior material 41 described below.

  FIG. 15 shows a cross section of the exterior material 41. The outer surface 51 of the exterior material 41 is coated with a coating 54 having an outer surface 52 having a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more) and an inner surface 53 having a low emissivity. ing. The film 54 is covered with a minute space 56 between the outer surface 51 of the exterior member 41. Hereinafter, a layer constituted by the minute space 56 is referred to as a porous layer 57.

  The coating 54 reflects heat of short wavelength components due to solar radiation through the outer surface 52 and radiates heat of long wavelength components due to outside air temperature. In addition, the inner surface 53 having a low emissivity in the coating 54 can exhibit high heat shielding performance together with the porous layer 57 in contact therewith.

Furthermore, when a coating film having a low emissivity is provided on the surface 59 of the exterior material 41 facing the ventilation layer, the performance is remarkably improved.

  FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the exterior material 41 in which the porous layer 57 is formed on the inner surface 59 facing the ventilation layer. In the configuration of the exterior material 41 shown in FIG. 16, the same components and members as those in FIG. 15 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted here.

  A coating 64 is coated on the outer surface 51 of the exterior material 41. The coating 64 has an outer surface 52 that has high solar reflectance and high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation having a wavelength of 3 μm or more). A coating 69 is formed on the inner surface 59 of the exterior material 41. The coating 69 is covered with a porous layer 57 having a space 56 formed in the vicinity of the outer surface 59 of the exterior material 41. The coating 69 has an inner surface 62 and an outer surface 63 both having a low emissivity.

  FIG. 17 shows a configuration of the exterior material 41 in which the porous layer 57 is formed on both surfaces. In the configuration of the exterior material 41 shown in FIG. 17, the same components and members as those in FIGS. 15 and 16 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted here. The outer surface 51 of the exterior material 41 is coated with a film 54, and the inner surface 59 is coated with a film 69.

  Here, for example, the solar reflectance (short wavelength 3 μm or less) of the outer surface 52 of the coating 54 coated on the surface of the exterior material 41 in FIG. 15 is 0.5 or more, and the surface emissivity (long wavelength 3 μm or more) is 0.7 or more. It is assumed that the surface emissivity (long wavelength: 3 μm or more) of the inner surface 53 is 0.3 or less.

The heat shielding effect of the film 54 and the porous layer 57 shown in FIG. 15 was estimated using the model described in FIG. The parameters and reference thermal resistance values are shown in the table below.

Next, the result of calculating the ratio of the heat insulation effect according to the depth and area of the uneven portions constituting the porous layer 57 will be described. The ratio of the heat insulating effect can be calculated based on the following calculation according to the depth of the porous layer 57 on the inner and outer surfaces.

(1) When the average depth of the concavo-convex part is 3 mm and the ratio of the adhesive part area to the exterior material surface area is 30%
Thermal resistance of 3mm air layer = 0.1083 (Air layer is sealed. Calculated as film emissivity 0.2, exterior material emissivity 0.9. The same applies hereinafter) Additional thermal resistance = 0.1083 x 0.7 = 0.0758 (30% is for adhesion) No heat insulation effect. The same applies hereinafter)
Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.0758 × 100 / 1.978 = 4 (%)

(2) When the average depth of the concavo-convex part is 5 mm and the ratio of the adhesive part area to the exterior material surface area is 30%
Thermal resistance of 5mm air layer = 0.169, additional thermal resistance = 0.169 × 0.7 = 0.118
Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.118 × 100 / 1.978 = 6 (%)

(3) When the average depth of the concavo-convex part is 7 mm and the ratio of the adhesive part area to the exterior material surface area is 30%
5mm air layer thermal resistance = 0.222, additional thermal resistance = 0.222 x 0.7 = 0.155
Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.155 × 100 / 1.978 = 8 (%)

(4) When the average depth of the concavo-convex part is 9 mm and the ratio of the adhesive part area to the exterior material surface area is 30%
5mm air layer thermal resistance = 0.269, additional thermal resistance = 0.269 x 0.7 = 0.1883
Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.1883 × 100 / 1.978 = 10 (%)

  Thus, by covering the surface of the exterior material 41 with a film having a plurality of performances, it is possible to improve the effect of installing a low radiation sheet on either one facing the ventilation layer by about 10%.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 17, when the films | membranes 54 and 69 are formed in both sides, a thermal resistance can be improved further. For example, when the depth of the concavo-convex portion of the porous layer 57 on the outer surface 51 is 5 mm and the depth of the concavo-convex portion on the inner surface 59 is 9 mm, when the coatings 54 and 69 are respectively coated, the heat insulating property is improved. It can be improved to around 16%. That is, when the porous layer 57 is formed on both the inner surface and the outer surface, the heat insulating effect can be expressed by the sum as the calculated value.

  Incidentally, you may apply the structure of the exterior material 41 mentioned above as a roof structure as it is. Further, the exterior material 41 may be applied not only to the outer wall to which the present invention is applied, but also to any outer wall.

<Operation / Effect of Embodiment>
According to the outer wall or roof structure of the present invention, the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a are installed in the ventilation layer 9 that has been conventionally ignored as a thermal model and is expected to function exclusively as moisture removal. As a result, it was possible to improve the heat insulation and heat insulation performance at a lower cost than by increasing the thickness of the heat insulating material 7. Further, if a reflective layer 15 such as a coating having high solar reflection performance is applied to the outer surface of the exterior material 11 or the roof covering material 22, a higher heat insulation and heat insulation in the summer due to a synergistic effect with the low radiation sheets 8 and 8a. Performance could be given.

  When the technology of the present invention such as a low radioactive sheet is applied, high heat insulation / heat shielding performance can be imparted without changing the thickness of the heat insulating material. When it is not necessary to change the heat insulation and heat insulation performance, the heat insulation material can be made thinner by applying this technology, and it is cheaper and shorter than the conventional case where the performance depends only on the thickness of the heat insulation material. Construction is feasible. By applying measures such as surface treatment in advance when building materials are manufactured without using materials such as sheets and paints on-site or on-site, further cost reduction is possible.

  In addition, it is included in the scope of the present invention to appropriately change the design of the configuration shown in this embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view showing a wall structure to which an exterior material is attached via a structural housing and a ventilation layer in a steel house of an outer heat insulation system. It is a cross-sectional view of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. It is the outdoor side front view of FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the same structure as FIG. 1 for simulating the high heat insulation and high heat-insulating performance of this invention as a model. It is a graph which shows the summer external condition at the time of simulating high heat insulation and high heat insulation performance with the model of FIG. It is a graph which shows the simulation result under the 1st setting conditions of FIG. It is a graph which shows the simulation result under the 2nd setting conditions of FIG. It is a graph which shows the simulation result under the 3rd setting conditions of FIG. It is a graph which shows the influence which the heat insulating material thickness of a roof, solar reflectance, an aperture ratio, and an emissivity have on heat insulation. It is a graph which shows the winter external condition at the time of simulating high heat insulation and high heat insulation performance with the model of FIG. It is a graph which shows the simulation result under the setting conditions of FIG. (A), (b) is sectional drawing of embodiment which applied this invention to two roof models. It is sectional drawing of embodiment which applied this invention to the wall of an inner heat insulation structure. It is a figure which shows the example of the exterior material in which the porous layer was formed in the outer surface. It is a figure which shows the example of the exterior material in which the porous layer was formed in the inner surface. It is a figure which shows the example of the exterior material in which the porous layer was formed on both sides.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical frame 1a One side flange 1b Other side flange 2 Lower frame 3 Interior material 3a Indoor side fireproof covering structural surface material 3b Indoor side fireproof covering material 4 Structural load bearing surface material 5 Fastener 6 Main part on structure strength (structure Body)
7 Heat Insulating Material 8 Low Radiation Sheet 8a Low Radiation Sheet 9 Venting Layer 10 Venting Body Edge 11 Exterior Material 12 Steel Joint Joiner 13 Sealing Joint 14 Joint Receiving 15 Reflective Layer 16 on Exterior Material Exterior Surface 16 Frame Material 17 Face Material 18 Base Rafter
19 Field plate 20 Roof base material 21 Roof base material 22 Roof covering material 23 Waterproof material
24 Drawer 25 Tile bar 26 Cloth foundation 27 Mortar 28 Rubber sheet 29 Base 30 Pillar 31 Wall 32 Horizontal trunk 33 Nail 34 Drainer

Claims (27)

  In the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed via the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, the solar radiation reflectance is high on the outer surface of the exterior material and the emissivity (the emissivity corresponding to the heat radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) is also high. A film having an outer surface and an inner surface having a low emissivity is provided with a minute space between the outer surface of the exterior material and a film having a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material. Exterior wall structure.   2. The outer wall structure according to claim 1, wherein a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior member with a minute space between the inner surface and the outer surface.   In the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed via the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, the solar radiation reflectance is high on the outer surface of the exterior material and the emissivity (the emissivity corresponding to the heat radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) is also high. A film having an outer surface is provided on the outer surface of the exterior material, and a film having a lower emissivity inner surface and outer surface is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material with a minute space between the inner surface and the outer surface. Characteristic outer wall structure.   The outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on a surface facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer.   The outer wall structure according to claim 4, wherein the emissivity of the surface film facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less.   The outer surface solar reflectance of the exterior material outer surface film is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and the emissivity of the film on the inner surface of the exterior material is 0. 3. The outer wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall structure is 3 or less.   Reflection of solar radiation on the outer surface of the roof covering material in the roof with the roof covering material installed through the ventilation layer on the upper side of the structural body, or the roof with a ventilation layer between the waterproofing material and the roof covering material on the roof base material A coating with an outer surface with a high rate and a high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) and an inner surface with a low emissivity is provided with a minute space between the outer surface of the roofing material. The roof structure is characterized by having a low emissivity coating on the inner surface of the roofing material.   8. The roof structure according to claim 7, wherein a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the roof covering material with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface.   In the roof with roof coverings installed through the upper ventilation layer of the structural body, or with the ventilation layer between the waterproofing and roof coverings installed on the roof base, the solar reflection is reflected on the outer surface of the roof covering. A coating with an outer surface with a high rate and a high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) is provided on the outer surface of the roofing material, and an inner surface and an outer surface with a low emissivity are provided on the inner surface of the roofing material. A roof structure characterized in that a coating having a small space is provided between the inner surface and the inner surface.   10. The film according to claim 7, wherein a film having a low emissivity or a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on a surface facing the roof covering material through the ventilation layer. Roof structure.   The roof structure according to claim 10, wherein the emissivity of the surface coating facing the roof covering material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less.   The outer surface solar reflectance of the roofing material outer surface is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and the emissivity of the coating on the inner surface of the roofing material is 0. The roof structure according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the roof structure is 3 or less.   Solar reflectance on the outer surface of the outer wall exterior material or roof frame material on the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed via the outer ventilation layer of the structural frame, or on the roof where the roof frame material is installed via the upper ventilation layer of the structural frame An outer wall or roof structure characterized in that a low-radiation sheet is attached to at least one of the two surfaces facing each air-permeable layer.   A paint layer having high solar reflectance is provided on the outer surface of the roofing material, and at least one of the two surfaces of the waterproofing material or the roofing material facing the ventilation layer formed between the waterproofing material installed on the roof base material and the roofing material. A roof structure with a low radioactive sheet attached.   A film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the outer wall exterior material via the ventilation layer, or a film having a low emissivity or a low emissivity is provided on the surface facing the roofing material via the ventilation layer and The outer wall or roof structure according to claim 13 or 14, wherein a film having moisture permeability is provided.   The surface of the outer wall exterior material or the reflective coating provided on the outer surface of the roof has a solar reflectance of 0.5 or more, an emissivity corresponding to heat radiation of a wavelength of 3 μm or more, and 0.7 or more, and faces the ventilation layer The outer wall or the roof structure according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the emissivity of at least one of the low-radioactive sheets attached to either one or both is 0.3 or less.   The outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the ventilation layer is an ventilation layer having an opening for taking in outside air and an opening for discharging the taken outside air to the outside. Roof structure.   The low-radiation film is any one of a metal foil sheet, a metal vapor-deposited sheet, a metal plate, a sheet containing a surface-treated metal plate, and a low-radiation paint. Exterior wall structure or roof structure as described.   The outer wall structure or the roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the film having a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity is the surface of the exterior material itself or a coating film.   20. The outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the structural drive body that is main in terms of structural strength is made of thin lightweight steel, wood, steel frame, reinforced concrete, or a mixed structure thereof. Or roof structure.   21. The outer wall or roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the outer wall ventilation layer has a thickness of 50 mm or less, and the roof ventilation layer has a thickness of 100 mm or less. In the exterior material or roof covering material for the outer wall installed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural body,
On the outer surface, a film having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation of a wavelength of 3 μm or more) and an inner surface with low emissivity, and a minute space between the outer surface An exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall, characterized by being provided and having a low emissivity coating on the inner surface.   23. The exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall according to claim 22, wherein a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. In the exterior material or roof covering material for the outer wall installed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural body,
The outer surface is provided with a coating having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and a high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more), and a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity on the inner surface. An exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall, wherein a minute space is provided between the inner surface and the inner surface.   The outer surface solar reflectance of the outer surface film is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and the emissivity of the inner surface film is 0.3 or less. The exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall according to any one of claims 22 to 24. In the exterior material for the outer wall installed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural driving body, or the roof covering material installed through the upper ventilation layer of the structural driving body,
An outer wall characterized in that a coating with high solar reflectance and high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 μm or more) is provided on the outer surface, and a coating with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface. Exterior materials or roofing materials.   27. The outer surface solar reflectance of the outer surface coating is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the emissivity of the inner surface coating is 0.3 or less. Exterior materials for exterior walls or roofing materials.

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