JP2006166404A - Antenna device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna device capable of changing the radiation characteristic of a radio wave to a wide range of not less than 90° with a simple structure by making a propagation mode returning means approximate to a delay wave propagation means by an approximating means. <P>SOLUTION: This antenna device is provided with a dielectric line 31 functioning as the delay wave propagation means for propagating a radio wave in a delay wave mode, a corrugated plate 222 functioning as at least one propagation mode converting means for converting the radio wave into the delay wave mode, and a hollow enclosure 23 having an opening 235 for making any one of the corrugated plate 222 selectively approximate to the dielectric line 31. The dielectric line 31 extends to the outside of the hollow enclosure 23 to function as a dielectric rod antenna. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an antenna device applicable to wireless communication, and more particularly to an antenna device capable of changing the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves in a wide range even with a simple structure.

  When performing large-capacity wireless transmission such as transmission / reception of video signals between cameras and receivers of wireless camera systems used in broadcast station program production, and transmission / reception of data via wireless LAN, a wide-band millimeter wave band is applied. The

  When the relative position of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna varies greatly depending on the usage environment, the antenna mounted on the millimeter wave band wireless transmission system may be capable of changing the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves in a wide range according to the usage environment. desirable.

  Further, in order to attach the antenna to the millimeter-wave band wireless transmission device itself, the space is generally limited, so the antenna needs to have a small and simple configuration.

  As a millimeter-wave band antenna having a small and simple configuration, there is a surface wave antenna or a leaky wave antenna. A typical surface wave antenna can be a dielectric rod antenna composed of a dielectric rod, and a typical leaky wave antenna is a dielectric leaky wave composed of a dielectric line having a periodic structure. An antenna can be mentioned.

  The dielectric rod antenna radiates a radio wave from the end of the dielectric rod antenna in the propagation direction of the radio wave of the dielectric rod antenna, and the leaky wave antenna radiates a radio wave in a direction different from the propagation direction of the radio wave on the dielectric line.

  And the dielectric rod antenna apparatus and leaky wave antenna apparatus which can change the radiation | emission direction of an electromagnetic wave have already been proposed (for example, refer patent document 1 and patent document 2).

  As shown in FIG. 41, the conventional dielectric rod antenna device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with a reflecting member 192 along the dielectric rod antenna 191, thereby changing the radiation direction of the radio wave to the dielectric rod antenna. It is possible to tilt about 15 degrees with respect to the 191 axis.

  Further, the conventional leaky wave antenna device disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a propagation path in which a ground plane conductor 201 and a dielectric substrate 202 are arranged in parallel via a spacer 203 as shown in FIG.

  A plurality of metal strips 204 are provided at predetermined intervals on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 202. Further, a metal plate 205 is disposed above the dielectric substrate 202 at a predetermined interval and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the radio wave, but the metal plate 205 is within a predetermined angle in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the radio wave. It can be rotated.

  The radio wave propagates from the metal plate 205 toward the metal strip 204, leaks from the metal strip 204, and is emitted into the air.

Then, by changing the inclination of the metal plate 205, the radiation direction of the radio wave can be controlled.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-244628 ([0007], FIG. 1) JP 2003-338706 A ([0031], FIG. 1)

  In order to stably transmit a large amount of information, it is necessary to increase the ratio (C / N ratio) between received power and noise power. As one method for increasing the C / N ratio, it is conceivable to increase the transmission power radiated in the direction of the receiving antenna as much as possible.

  Therefore, in the antenna applied to the wireless camera system, the relative position of the transmission antenna and the reception antenna changes depending on the use environment, so that the transmission power of the transmission antenna is increased so that the transmission power radiated in the direction of the reception antenna increases. It is necessary to be able to change the radiation direction over a wide range.

  When using the wireless camera indoors, it is often the case that the receiving antenna is installed above the wireless camera to ensure visibility, and when used outdoors, the wireless camera and the receiving antenna are often installed horizontally with respect to the wireless camera. In consideration, it is desirable that the radio wave radiation direction can be changed by 90 degrees or more according to the use environment.

  Further, in order to increase the C / N ratio, it is conceivable to increase the antenna gain. However, the antenna directivity becomes sharper as the antenna gain is increased. Therefore, when shooting while moving with a wireless camera, the relative position of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna changes from moment to moment, so that the radio wave radiation of the transmitting antenna is increased so that the transmission power radiated in the direction of the receiving antenna increases. It is desirable that the direction can be changed continuously and in a wide range.

  However, the dielectric rod antenna disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the radio wave radiation direction cannot be changed according to the use environment.

  Furthermore, the dielectric leaky wave antenna disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a problem in that the range is limited although the radio wave radiation direction can be changed according to the use environment.

  Although it is possible to expand the radio wave radiation range using both surface wave antennas and leaky wave antennas, it is necessary to have a configuration that can switch the power feeding circuit that feeds radio waves to each antenna, and the structure is complicated It cannot be avoided.

  The present invention has been made to solve the conventional problems, and a first object of the present invention is to provide an antenna device that can change the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves in a wide range of 90 degrees or more with a simple configuration.

  Furthermore, a second object is to provide an antenna device that can change the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves in a wide range and continuously with a simple configuration.

  The antenna device of the present invention includes a slow wave propagation unit that propagates an electromagnetic wave in a slow wave mode, and a propagation mode conversion unit that converts the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave that propagates through the slow wave propagation unit from a slow wave mode to a fast wave mode. And relative position changing means for changing the relative position of the propagation mode converting means and the slow wave propagating means.

  With this configuration, since the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the slow wave propagation means is converted into a fast wave mode having a different phase constant, the electromagnetic wave can be emitted in a direction different from the electromagnetic wave propagation direction in the slow wave propagation means.

  The slow wave propagation means may be a surface wave line, and the surface wave line may be a dielectric line or an image line.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line, and the propagation mode conversion means has at least one periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric line. It is a structure, and the relative position changing means is proximity means for bringing the periodic structure close to the dielectric line.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be changed in a wide range by causing the dielectric line to function as a leaky wave antenna.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means may function as a surface wave antenna.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the surface wave antenna may be a dielectric rod antenna or an antenna constituted by an image line.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna, and the propagation mode conversion means has at least one structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna. It is a periodic structure, and the relative position changing means is proximity means for bringing the periodic structure close to the dielectric rod antenna.

  With this configuration, the dielectric line can also function as a dielectric rod antenna, and the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves can be changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna, and the propagation mode conversion means periodically changes the structure in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna, and the hollow portion is formed. A hollow periodic structure through which the dielectric rod antenna penetrates, and the relative position changing means moves the hollow body along the dielectric rod antenna so as to be close to the side surface of the dielectric rod antenna. Means.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be changed by moving the hollow body along the dielectric rod antenna. That is, when the hollow body is disposed on the dielectric rod antenna, electromagnetic waves can be radiated from the hollow body omnidirectionally about the axis of the dielectric rod antenna.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, each of the propagation mode conversion means is a dielectric in which a corrugation is periodically formed in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation means, and the corrugation has a size or a period. At least one of them may be different from each other.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, each of the propagation mode conversion means is a dielectric in which a metal strip is periodically attached to the surface in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation means, You may have the structure from which the at least one of the length or the period of the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves differs from each other.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, each of the propagation mode conversion means is a metal body in which slits are periodically perforated in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation means, and the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slit It is also possible to have a configuration in which at least one of the length or the period is different from each other.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line, the propagation mode conversion means periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the dielectric line, and the period Is a periodic structure that changes in a direction different from the propagation direction, and the relative position changing means is a moving means that moves the periodic structure in a direction different from the propagation direction of the radio wave in the dielectric line.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves can be changed over a wide range and continuously.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna, the propagation mode conversion means has a structure periodically changing in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna, and A periodic structure whose period changes in a direction different from the propagation direction, and the relative position changing means moves the periodic structure in a direction different from the propagation direction of the radio wave of the dielectric rod antenna. Means.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves can be continuously changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion means is a dielectric in which a corrugation is periodically formed in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave of the slow wave propagation means, and at least one of the size or the period of the corrugation is It may be a periodic structure that changes in a direction different from the propagation direction.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion means is a dielectric in which a metal strip is periodically installed on the surface in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation means, and the propagation direction of the metal strip It may be a periodic structure in which at least one of the length or the period changes in a direction different from the propagation direction.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion means is a metal body in which slits are periodically perforated in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves in the slow wave propagation means, and the length of the slits in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves. It may be a periodic structure in which at least one of length or period changes in a direction different from the propagation direction.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line, and the propagation mode conversion means is a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric line. And the relative position changing means is a rotating means for rotating the propagation mode changing means with respect to the dielectric line.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be changed over a wide range and continuously by rotating the propagation mode conversion means.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna, and the propagation mode conversion means has a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna. The relative position changing means is a rotating means for rotating the propagation mode changing means relative to the dielectric rod antenna.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be continuously changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more by causing the slow wave propagation means to function as a dielectric rod antenna.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion means may be a dielectric periodic structure in which corrugations are periodically formed in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation means.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion unit may be a periodic structure made of a dielectric material in which a metal strip is periodically attached to the surface in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation unit. Good.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion means may be a metal periodic structure in which slits are periodically perforated in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave in the slow wave propagation means.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric disk line, and the propagation mode conversion means transmits the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric disk line on a surface facing the dielectric disk line. A disc having a periodic structure whose structure changes periodically in the propagation direction, and the relative position changing means changes the relative position between the disc and the dielectric disk line. It is.

  With this configuration, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be changed by changing the distance between the disk and the dielectric disk line. That is, the electromagnetic wave is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric disk line when the disk is brought close to the dielectric disk line, or a conical beam in which the direction perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric disk line is null. When it is radiated as and is not brought close to it, it is omnidirectionally radiated in the plane of the dielectric disk line.

  In the antenna device of the present invention, the propagation mode conversion unit may be a disk in which a spiral structure is formed on a surface facing the dielectric disk line.

  In the antenna device according to the present invention, the propagation mode conversion unit may be a disc in which a concentric structure is formed on a surface facing the dielectric disc line.

  The present invention can not only provide an antenna device that can change the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave over a wide range of 90 degrees or more by changing the phase constant of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the slow wave propagation means by the propagation mode conversion means. To provide an antenna device having a simple structure capable of changing the radiation direction of electromagnetic waves in a wide range and continuously by changing the period of the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves in the slow wave propagation means of the periodic structure of the conversion means. It is something that can be done.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the antenna device according to the present invention includes a slow wave propagation unit 11 that propagates an electromagnetic wave in a slow wave mode, and an electromagnetic wave that propagates through the slow wave propagation unit 11 when approaching the slow wave propagation unit 11. At least one propagation mode conversion means 12 that converts a propagation mode of electromagnetic waves into a fast wave mode by applying periodic perturbation; and a relative position change means 13 that changes a relative position between the propagation mode conversion means 12 and the slow wave propagation means 11; Is provided. In the following embodiments, the electromagnetic waves are assumed to be millimeter-wave radio waves.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the antenna device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The propagation mode conversion means 12 is at least one whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the slow wave propagation means 11. The relative position changing means 13 is a proximity means for bringing the propagation mode changing means close to the slow wave propagation means.

  In the following embodiments, the slow wave propagation means 11 is a dielectric line 21.

  As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 3, the propagation mode conversion means 12 includes a corrugated plate 222 (a), which is a dielectric plate having corrugates 221 formed at regular intervals in the propagation direction (arrow P) of radio waves, Strip plate 224 (b), which is a dielectric plate with metal strips 223 attached to the back surface at regular intervals along the propagation direction (arrow P), or regular intervals along the propagation direction of radio waves (arrow P) Any of the slit plates 226 (c) which are metal plates each having a slit 225 perforated may be used. In the following description, it is assumed that the propagation mode conversion means 12 is the corrugated plate 222.

  The proximity means is a means for selectively bringing one corrugated plate 222 close to a distance that perturbs the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 21, and directly contacts the corrugated plate 222 and the dielectric line 21. It may be allowed.

  FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the first embodiment. The hollow housing 23 includes a bottom plate 231 having a long side longer than the axial length of the dielectric line 21 and a short side longer than the width of the dielectric line 21. Two side plates 232 and 233 having a height higher than the height of the dielectric line 21 disposed along the long side of the bottom plate 231 and disposed along the two long sides of the bottom plate 231; It covers approximately half of the track 21 and comprises a side plate 232 and a top plate 234 that fits into a groove formed on the inner wall of the side plate 233. A portion of the dielectric line 21 that is not covered with the top plate 234 forms an opening 235.

  In the opening 235, the side plate 232 and the side plate 233 need to maintain an interval that does not affect the propagation of radio waves in the slow wave propagation mode in the dielectric line 21.

  The hollow housing 23 may be made of a conductor or a dielectric. However, since the power feeding portion needs to be a conductor, the power feeding portion is formed of a conductor-made waveguide even when the hollow casing 23 is made of a dielectric. When the hollow casing 23 is made of a conductor, the waveguide for supplying radio waves to the dielectric line 21 is also a hollow body made of a conductor. By narrowing the distance 233, the hollow casing 23 itself can be used as a waveguide.

  The corrugated plate 222 is detachably disposed with respect to the opening 235. That is, in the first embodiment, selectively arranging the corrugated plate 222 in the opening 235 functions as a proximity means.

  The operation of the first embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment, and shows a case where three types of corrugated plates 222 having different periods in the radio wave propagation direction (arrow P) are installed on the opening 235 that is not covered by the top plate 234. Show.

  A radio wave propagating through a waveguide (not shown) is supplied to the dielectric line 21 at the lower end 21D of the dielectric line 21 and propagates along the dielectric line 21 to the upper end 21U. Note that the lower end 21D of the dielectric line 21 is appropriately tapered to prevent the reflection of radio waves.

  The periodic structure of the corrugated plate 222 perturbs the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 21 and changes the phase constant of the radio wave.

  Then, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 21 is converted from the slow wave mode to the fast wave mode, and the radio wave on the dielectric line 21 is radiated in a direction different from the axial direction of the dielectric line 21. That is, the dielectric line 21 and the corrugated plate 222 function as a leaky wave antenna.

  And it becomes possible to change the radiation direction (arrow Q) of a radio wave by replacing | exchanging the corrugated board 222 with the thing in which the corrugate was formed with a different period in a radio wave propagation direction.

  In the above embodiment, the proximity means 13 for bringing the dielectric line 21 and the corrugated plate 222 close to each other is configured to change the radio wave radiation direction by exchanging the corrugated plate 222, but is not limited thereto. Instead, any configuration may be employed as long as one of the plurality of corrugated plates 222 having different structures can be selectively brought close to the dielectric line 21.

As described above, according to the first embodiment, the radiation direction of the radio wave can be changed in a wide range by causing the antenna device to function as a leaky wave antenna and exchanging the propagation mode conversion means 12.
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described.

  In the second embodiment, by causing the slow wave propagation means 11 to function as a dielectric rod antenna 31 which is a kind of surface wave antenna, radio waves are also radiated in the axial direction of the dielectric rod antenna 31 and radio wave radiation characteristics are obtained. Can be expanded.

  6 and 7 are a perspective view and an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention, in which the slow wave propagation means 11 is a dielectric rod antenna 31, and the dielectric rod antenna 31 The upper end 31U extends to the outside of the hollow housing 23.

  FIG. 6 shows a case where the corrugated plate 222 is on the top plate 234 (a) and a case where the corrugated plate 222 is moved to the opening 235 (b).

  Since other structures are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  Next, the operation of the second embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a top view and a cross-sectional view of the second embodiment. When the corrugated plate 222 is on the top plate 234 (a), the corrugated plate 222 is connected to the dielectric rod antenna 31 through the opening 235. And (b) in the case of proximity.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, when the corrugated plate 222 is on the top plate 234, the dielectric rod antenna 31 and the corrugated plate 222 are blocked by the top plate 234. A radio wave is radiated in the axial direction of the dielectric rod antenna 31 from 31U into the air.

  As shown in FIG. 8B, the operation when the corrugated plate 222 is on the dielectric rod antenna 31 through the opening 235 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

As described above, according to the second embodiment, when the dielectric rod antenna 31 and the corrugated plate 222 are brought close to each other, the antenna device functions as a dielectric leakage wave antenna, and the dielectric rod antenna 31 and the corrugated When the plate 222 is isolated, the radio wave radiation direction can be changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more by functioning as a dielectric rod antenna.
(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described.

  In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, in order to change the radio wave radiation direction of the leaky wave antenna, it is necessary to replace the corrugated plate 222 installed in the opening 235. By forming a plurality of types of corrugates on one corrugated plate 222, the radiation direction of radio waves can be changed by sliding the corrugated plate 222.

  FIG. 9 is a top view of the dielectric line 21, the hollow casing 23, and the corrugated plate 222 of the third embodiment, and an opening 235 is provided in the hollow casing 23 as shown in FIG. Yes.

  On the back surface of the corrugated plate 222, a plurality of types (three types in FIG. 9) differing in at least one of the corrugated height, the length of the radio wave propagation direction (arrow P), and the period of the radio wave propagation direction (arrow P). A corrugate is formed. And the hollow housing | casing 23 of 3rd Embodiment has a tube length longer than the hollow housing | casing 23 of 1st Embodiment and 2nd Embodiment, and has the opening 235 in the approximate center part of the hollow housing | casing 23. FIG. The three types of corrugations may be formed in the longitudinal direction of the dielectric line 21 as shown in (b), or may be formed in the width direction of the dielectric line 21 as shown in (c). .

  Since other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.

  It is obvious that the strip plate 224 or the slit plate 226 can be used instead of the corrugated plate 222.

  Next, the operation of the third embodiment will be described with reference to the cross-sectional view of FIG.

  In FIG. 10, when the corrugation formed at the center of the corrugated plate 222 is close to the dielectric line 21 (a), the corrugated formed at the left end of the corrugated plate 222 is close to the dielectric line 21. (B) and a case (c) in which the corrugation formed at the right end of the corrugated plate 222 is close to the dielectric line 21 are shown.

  Since the length and period of the corrugated wave propagation direction are different at the left end, center and right end of the corrugated plate 222, the corrugated plate 222 is slid to change the corrugated adjacent to the dielectric line 21. It is possible to change the radiation direction of radio waves over a wide range.

As described above, according to the third embodiment, the corrugated plate 222 can be slid on the opening 235 of the hollow casing 23 to change the radiation direction of radio waves in a wide range.
(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described.

  In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the dielectric line 21 becomes a dielectric rod antenna 31, and the upper end 31 </ b> U of the dielectric rod antenna 31 extends outside the hollow housing 23. It has the same structure as the third embodiment.

  Next, the operation of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 12. (a) to (c) in FIG. 12 correspond to (a) to (c) in FIG. ) Shows a case where the corrugated plate 222 is slid until the right end is removed from the opening 235 of the hollow housing 23.

  In the case of (d), since the corrugated plate 222 is not close to the dielectric rod antenna 31, the radio wave is radiated in the axial direction from the upper end 31 </ b> U of the dielectric rod antenna 31. The arrow (Q) indicates the direction of radio wave emission.

  FIG. 13 is a graph showing the radio wave radiation characteristics of the fourth embodiment. The horizontal axis represents the radio wave radiation direction, and the vertical axis represents the radio wave relative power. Note that the direction perpendicular to the opening 235 is zero degrees as the radio wave radiation direction.

  The radio wave radiation characteristics (a) to (d) of FIG. 13 show the case where the corrugated plate 222 is located at the positions (a) to (d) of FIG. From this graph, it can be seen that in the fourth embodiment, the radiation direction of radio waves can be changed in the range of −24 degrees to +90 degrees.

As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the radio wave radiation direction can be changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more by sliding the corrugated plate 222 on the hollow housing 23.
(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the antenna device according to the present invention will be described.

  In the first to fourth embodiments, the corrugated plate 222 slides on the opening 235 of the hollow housing 23. However, the corrugated plate 222 slides on both the openings 235 provided on both surfaces of the hollow housing 23. Also good.

  FIG. 14 is a left perspective view and a right perspective view of the fifth embodiment, where the first corrugated plate 222 slides on one opening 235 of the hollow housing 23 and the second corrugated plate 227 is hollow. It is configured to slide on the other opening 235 of the housing 23.

  FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment, wherein (a) functions as a dielectric rod antenna, and (b) to (d) function as a leaky wave antenna.

  In (b), the first corrugated plate 222 is close to the dielectric rod antenna 31, and radio waves are radiated to the outside of the first corrugated plate 222.

  In (c), the second corrugated plate 227 is close to the dielectric rod antenna 31, and radio waves are radiated to the outside of the second corrugated plate 227.

  In (d), the first corrugated plate 222 and the second corrugated plate 227 are close to the dielectric rod antenna 31, and radio waves are radiated to the outside of the first corrugated plate 222 and the second corrugated plate 227.

  As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, the corrugated plate 222 and the corrugated plate 227 can be arranged on both sides of the hollow casing 23 to change the radio wave radiation characteristic over a wide range of 90 degrees or more. The arrow (Q) indicates the direction of radio wave emission.

In the above embodiment, the cross-sectional shapes of the dielectric rod antenna 31 and the hollow housing 23 are rectangular, but the cross-sectional shapes may be circular.
(Sixth embodiment)
FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of an antenna device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 16A, a dielectric rod having a circular cross section is provided at the tip of a waveguide 33 having a circular cross section. An antenna 31 is fitted, and the dielectric rod antenna 31 is tapered from the middle toward the upper end 31U.

  The propagation mode conversion means 12 is a hollow cylinder 228 as shown in (b), and a periodic structure (for example, a slit 225) is formed around it. When the hollow cylinder 228 is disposed on the waveguide 33 (b), the radio wave propagates through the waveguide 33 and the dielectric rod antenna 31, and the radio wave propagation direction (arrow) of the dielectric rod antenna 31 from the upper end 31U. P).

  As shown in (c), when the hollow cylinder 228 is slid and the hollow cylinder 228 is brought close to the dielectric rod antenna 31, the slit 225 of the hollow cylinder 228 perturbs the radio wave, and the radio wave is in the direction of radio wave propagation (arrow P is omnidirectionally radiated around the axis of the dielectric rod antenna 31 in a direction different from (P).

  Furthermore, as shown in (d), a slit 225 may be formed in a part of the hollow cylinder 228. In this case, by rotating the hollow cylinder 228, the radio wave radiation direction (arrow Q) can be changed around the axis of the dielectric rod antenna in a direction different from the radio wave propagation direction (arrow P).

  FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a usage state of the antenna device of the sixth embodiment, and the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment is attached to the upper surface of the wireless camera 171. In addition, (a) shows the usage situation indoors, (b) shows the usage situation outdoors.

  When the wireless camera 171 is used indoors, the reception antenna 172 is attached to the ceiling 173 in order to secure a line of sight with the transmission antenna. Thus, by arranging the cylinder 228 outside the waveguide 33, radio waves are radiated in the axial direction of the dielectric rod antenna 31.

When the wireless camera 171 is used outdoors, the receiving antenna 174 is often arranged on the side of the camera 171. Therefore, the hollow cylinder 228 is brought close to the dielectric rod antenna 31 to radiate radio waves in a horizontal direction and in a non-directional manner. Accordingly, even when the wireless camera 171 moves, the reception antenna 174 can reliably receive the video imaged by the wireless camera 171.
(Seventh embodiment)
In the first to sixth embodiments, the slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line, but it may be a printed line such as a microstrip line, a coplanar line, or a slot line.

  In the above description, it is assumed that the dielectric line or dielectric rod antenna is housed in a hollow housing, but this easily realizes a structure for sliding a corrugated plate (strip plate, slit plate) as a proximity means. This is because it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be applied even when an image line is used instead of the dielectric line as shown in FIG.

  For example, spacers 183 may be disposed on both sides of the derivative line 182 installed on the ground plane 181 of the image line, and the metal plate 226 having slits may be slid on the spacer 183. The dielectric line 182 is supplied with radio waves from the waveguide 184.

Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the fourth embodiment, and the fifth embodiment, the sliding amount of the corrugated plate is adjusted so that both the leaky wave antenna and the rod antenna are in an operating state and used as a multi-beam antenna. It is also possible to do.
(Eighth embodiment)
In the first to seventh embodiments described above, the propagation mode changing means is replaced in order to change the beam direction of the leaky wave antenna, or different periodic structures are arranged on one corrugated plate (strip plate, slit plate). However, in the eighth to ninth embodiments described below, the beam direction of the leaky wave antenna can be changed over a wide range and continuously by one propagation mode changing means.

  First, an eighth embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

  That is, in the eighth embodiment, the propagation mode conversion means 12 is a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the slow wave propagation means 11, and the periodic structure is propagated. It changes in a direction different from the direction.

  That is, the periodic structure 51 according to the eighth embodiment is periodic in the propagation direction (P) of the radio wave in the dielectric line 21, as shown in a top view (a) and a perspective view (b) of FIG. The period of the structure is configured to change in a direction (R) perpendicular to the radio wave propagation direction (P).

In addition, even if the periodic structure 51 is a corrugated plate in which a corrugate is formed on the dielectric substrate shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 20, a strip in which a metal strip is attached to the dielectric substrate shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. Even if it is a board, the slit board which is a metal plate by which the slit shown in FIG. 22 was perforated may be sufficient. 20 to FIG. 22 (a), (b) and (c) respectively show the X ₁ -X ₁ cross section, X ₂ -X ₂ cross section and X ₃ -X ₃ cross section of FIG. 19 (a). Show.

  FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the image line 52 functioning as the slow wave propagation means 11 in the eighth embodiment. A dielectric line 54 is disposed at the center of the ground plane 53, and spacers 55 are provided on both sides of the dielectric line 54. Is arranged. Note that the upper end 54U of the dielectric line 54 may extend upward from the upper end of the ground plane 53, be tapered, and function as a dielectric rod antenna. The lower end 54 </ b> D of the dielectric line 54 is also subjected to taper processing and is inserted into the waveguide 56.

  The slow wave propagation means may be a dielectric line or a dielectric rod antenna stored in a housing as in the first to sixth embodiments.

  FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view when a slit plate 51, which is a periodic structure, is disposed on the spacer 55 of the image line 52. The slit plate 51 has a slit in the extending direction of the dielectric line 54. It exists periodically, and is arranged so that the period of the slit changes in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the dielectric line 54.

  It is assumed that the slit plate 51 and the dielectric line 54 are arranged at a distance where the periodic structure of the slit plate 51 perturbs the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54.

  That is, in the eighth embodiment, moving the slit plate 51 in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the dielectric line 54 corresponds to the function of the relative position changing means.

  Next, the operation of the antenna device according to the eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 25 and FIG.

  FIG. 25A shows a state in which the portion of the slit plate 51 where no slit is formed is disposed directly above the dielectric line 54. In this state, the radio wave propagated through the waveguide 56 propagates from the lower end 54 </ b> D of the dielectric line 54 to the dielectric line 54. Since the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is not perturbed by the slit plate 51, the radio wave propagates through the dielectric line 54 and is radiated from the upper end 54U in the axial direction (Q) of the dielectric line 54. That is, the dielectric line 54 functions as a dielectric rod antenna.

FIG. 25B shows a state in which the X ₁ -X ₁ cutting line of the slit plate 51 has come directly above the dielectric line 54. In this state, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is perturbed by the slit plate 51 to change the phase constant of the radio wave, and the radio wave is radiated in a direction (Q ₁ ) different from the propagation direction P in the dielectric line. Is done.

The direction Q ₁ is a direction that forms an angle θ ₁ with the central axis of the dielectric line 54 in a plane that passes through the central axis of the dielectric line 54 and is perpendicular to a plane parallel to the ground plane 53.

FIG. 26A shows a state in which the X ₂ -X ₂ cutting line of the slit plate 51 comes directly above the dielectric line 54. In this state, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is perturbed by the slit plate 51 to change the phase constant of the radio wave, and the radio wave is in a direction (Q ₂ ) substantially perpendicular to the propagation direction P in the dielectric line. To be emitted.

The direction Q ₂ is a direction that passes through the central axis of the dielectric line 54 and forms a substantially right angle θ ₂ with the central axis of the dielectric line 54 in a plane perpendicular to a plane parallel to the ground plane 53. Note that θ ₂ > θ ₁ .

FIG. 26B shows a state in which the X ₃ -X ₃ cutting line of the slit plate 51 has come directly above the dielectric line 54. In this state, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is perturbed by the slit plate 51 to change the phase constant of the radio wave, and the radio wave is in a direction (Q ₃ ) different from the propagation direction P in the dielectric line 54. Radiated.

The direction Q ₃ is a direction that forms an angle θ ₃ with the central axis of the dielectric line 54 in a plane that passes through the central axis of the dielectric line 54 and is perpendicular to a plane parallel to the ground plane 53. Note that θ ₃ > θ ₂ .

  FIG. 27 is a graph of the radio wave radiation characteristics of the antenna device of the eighth embodiment, and the radio wave radiation with respect to the change of the period of the slit plate (distance from the front edge of one slit to the front edge of the adjacent slit). Indicates a change in direction.

  The horizontal axis represents the radio wave radiation direction, and the vertical axis represents the radio wave relative power. Note that the radio wave radiation direction is zero degree in a direction perpendicular to a plane parallel to the ground plane 53. That is, the radio wave radiation direction φ in FIG. 27 is defined as (θ−90 °).

  That is, in the eighth embodiment, moving the periodic structure 51 on the spacer 55 of the image line 52 functions as the relative position changing unit 13.

  In the above description, the slit interval of the slit plate 51 changes in a smooth curved shape, but may change linearly or may change in a stepped manner. .

That is, in the eighth embodiment, by moving the slit plate 51 in the direction orthogonal to the dielectric line 54, the periodic structure of the slit plate 61 changes in the central axis direction of the dielectric line 54. The direction can be continuously changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more in a plane perpendicular to the ground plane 53.
(Ninth embodiment)
Next, a ninth embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

  That is, in the ninth embodiment, the propagation mode conversion means 12 is a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the slow wave propagation means, and the relative position changing means 13 is propagated. Rotating means for rotating the mode changing means relative to the slow wave propagation means.

  It is assumed that the slit plate 51 and the dielectric line 54 are arranged at a distance where the periodic structure of the slit plate 51 perturbs the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54.

  That is, the periodic structure 61 of the ninth embodiment has a structure in the propagation direction (P) of the radio wave in the dielectric line 21 as shown in the top view (a) and perspective view (b) of FIG. It is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped plate that changes periodically.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the periodic structure 61 is a corrugated plate (a) in which a corrugate is formed on a dielectric substrate, but a strip plate (b) in which a metal strip is bonded to the dielectric substrate. Or a slit plate (c) which is a metal plate with a slit perforated. Further, the slow wave propagation means 11 of the ninth embodiment is an image line 52 shown in FIG. 23 as in the eighth embodiment.

  The slow wave propagation means may be a dielectric line or a dielectric rod antenna stored in a housing as in the first to sixth embodiments.

  Next, the operation of the antenna device according to the ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 29 and FIG. In the following embodiment, the periodic structure 61 is a slit plate 67.

  FIG. 29A shows a state where the slit plate 61 is rotated so that the longitudinal direction of the slit of the slit plate 61 coincides with the axial direction of the dielectric line 54. In this state, the radio wave propagated through the waveguide 56 propagates from the lower end 54 </ b> D of the dielectric line 54 to the dielectric line 54. Since the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is not perturbed by the slit plate 61, the radio wave propagates through the dielectric line 54 and is radiated from the upper end 54U in the axial direction (Q) of the dielectric line 54. That is, the dielectric line 54 functions as a dielectric rod antenna.

Figure 29 (b) shows a state of being alpha ₁ rotates counterclockwise from the state in FIG. 29 the slit plate 61 (a). In this state, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is perturbed by the slit plate 57 to change the phase constant of the radio wave, and the radio wave is in a direction (Q ₁ ′) different from the propagation direction P in the dielectric line. Radiated.

The direction Q ₁ ′ is a direction that passes through the central axis of the dielectric line 54 and forms an angle β ₁ with the central axis of the dielectric line 54 in a plane perpendicular to a plane parallel to the ground plane 53.

FIG. 30A shows a state in which the slit plate 61 is rotated α ₂ counterclockwise from the state of FIG. However, α ₂ > α ₁ . In this state, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is perturbed by the slit plate 57 to change the phase constant of the radio wave, and the radio wave is in a direction (Q ₂ ′) different from the propagation direction P in the dielectric line. Radiated.

The direction Q ₂ ′ is a direction that passes through the central axis of the dielectric line 54 and forms a substantially right angle β ₂ with the central axis of the dielectric line 54 in a plane perpendicular to the plane parallel to the ground plane 53. Note that β ₂ > β ₁ .

FIG. 30 (b) shows a state in which the slit plate 61 is alpha ₃ rotates in the counterclockwise direction from the state shown in FIG. 29 (a). However, α ₃ > α ₂ . In this state, the radio wave propagating through the dielectric line 54 is perturbed by the slit plate 57 to change the phase constant of the radio wave, and the radio wave has a direction (Q ₃ ′) different from the propagation direction P in the dielectric line 54. To be emitted.

The direction Q ₃ ′ is a direction that passes through the central axis of the dielectric line 54 and forms an angle β ₃ with the central axis of the dielectric line 54 in a plane perpendicular to a plane parallel to the ground plane 53. Note that β ₃ > β ₂ .

That is, in the ninth embodiment, by rotating the slit plate 61 with the dielectric line 54, the periodic structure of the slit plate 61 along the central axis of the dielectric line 54 can be changed. Can be changed over a wide range of 90 degrees or more in a plane perpendicular to the ground plane 53.
(Tenth embodiment)
Next, a tenth embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

  That is, in the tenth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, the slow wave propagation means 11 is a dielectric disk line 71 disposed on the ground plane 70, and the propagation mode conversion means 12 is a dielectric disk line 71. The circular plate 72 is formed with a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric disk line 71 on the surface opposed to.

  An operation rod 721 is attached to the center of the disc 72.

  In the present specification, the dielectric disk line 71 means a disk-shaped dielectric line in which radio waves propagate concentrically from the center toward the outside.

  The operation rod 721 covers the dielectric disk line 71, passes through the top plate of the radome 701 on the hollow cylinder disposed on the main plate 70, and moves the operation rod 721 up and down to make the position of the disc 72 dielectric. The body disk track 71 can be changed up and down.

  Changing the position of the disk 72 up and down with respect to the dielectric disk line 71 corresponds to the relative position changing means 13, but the relative position changing means 13 includes the disk 72 and the dielectric disk line 71. You may make it contact directly.

  A circular waveguide 702 that feeds radio waves to the dielectric disk line 71 extends from the lower surface of the ground plane 70, and the circular waveguide 702 is extended on the upper surface of the dielectric disk line 71 in the propagation mode of the circular waveguide. A converter 711 for converting the propagation mode of the propagated radio wave into the propagation mode of the dielectric disk line is embedded.

  In the disk 72, a periodic structure is formed in a spiral on the surface facing the dielectric disk line 71.

  As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 32, the disc 72 may be a corrugated plate (a) in which a spiral corrugate is formed on the opposing surface of the dielectric disc line 71 (FIG. 31) of the circular substrate. Even a strip plate (b) in which a metal strip is spirally attached to the opposing surface of the dielectric disk line 71 of the circular substrate, or a metal coil (c) in which a metal plate is spirally wound. Good.

  In addition, when the disc 72 is a metal coil (c), you may have the supporting member 722 (FIG. 34) for maintaining a coil shape.

  Next, the operation of the tenth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 33 is a diagram for explaining the operation in a state where the disc 72 is separated from the dielectric disc line 71.

FIG. 33A is a diagram showing a magnetic field in the cross section of the waveguide 702 of the radio wave whose excitation mode in the waveguide 702 is the TM ₀₁ mode, and the magnetic field is distributed concentrically in the waveguide 702. The amplitude and phase of the magnetic field are axisymmetric with respect to the central axis of the waveguide cross section.

FIG. 33B is a perspective view showing a radio wave radiation direction Q from the dielectric disk line 71 when a radio wave whose excitation mode in the waveguide 702 is the TM ₀₁ mode is supplied to the dielectric disk line 71. It is. Since the electromagnetic field distribution in the cross section of the waveguide is axially symmetric, radio waves are radiated from the center of the dielectric disk line 71 outward with equal amplitude and equal phase in all directions within a plane parallel to the ground plane 70. The The polarization of the electric field is linearly polarized perpendicular to the ground plane.

  FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining the operation in a state where the disc 72 is brought close to (or in contact with) the dielectric disc line 71.

  That is, when the disc 72 is brought close to the dielectric disc line 71 as shown in FIG. 34 (a), it is 180 degrees between the points A and B shown in the top view of FIG. If the period of the periodic structure is such that a phase difference of 360 degrees is created between point C and point C, when the disk 72 is brought close to the dielectric disk line 71, as shown in FIG. In addition, the radio wave is radiated in the direction Q ′ directly above the dielectric disk line 71.

  Note that the radiation phase of the radio wave radiated in the ρ direction shown in FIG. 34C changes in accordance with the angle φ formed by the ρ direction with respect to the Y axis. Become a wave.

That is, according to the tenth embodiment, by changing the relative distance between the dielectric disk line 71 and the disk 72 on which the periodic structure is formed, the radiation direction of the radio wave is changed to the dielectric disk line. It is possible to change 90 degrees between the circumferential direction of 71 and the axial direction.
(Eleventh embodiment)
Next, an eleventh embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

  In the eleventh embodiment, the propagation mode conversion means 12 is a disc 73 in which concentric structures are formed on the surface facing the dielectric disc line 71. Since other configurations are the same as those of the tenth embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the perspective view of FIG. 35, the circular plate 73 is a corrugated plate (a) in which a concentric corrugated corrugate is formed on the opposing surface of the dielectric disk line 71 of the circular substrate. It may be a strip plate (b) in which metal strips are concentrically attached to the opposing surface of the dielectric disc line 71 or a concentric metal plate (c).

  When the disc 73 is a concentric metal plate (c), the disc 73 has a support member 731 (FIGS. 36 and 38) for maintaining the shape.

  Next, the operation of the eleventh embodiment will be described.

First, similarly to the tenth embodiment, a case where a radio wave whose excitation mode in the waveguide 702 is the TM ₀₁ mode is fed to the dielectric disk line 71 will be described.

  In the state where the disk 73 is separated from the dielectric disk line 71, the magnetic field propagates concentrically in the dielectric disk line 71 and the radio wave is transmitted through the dielectric disk line 71, as in the tenth embodiment. Is radiated in all directions within a plane parallel to the ground plane 70 by linearly polarized waves from the center of the substrate to the outside.

  FIG. 36 is a diagram for explaining the operation in a state in which the disc 73 is brought close to (or in contact with) the dielectric disc line 71.

  When the disk 73 is brought close to the dielectric disk line 71 as shown in FIG. 36 (a), the phase of the electromagnetic field is inverted around the central axis of the disk 73, so that FIG. As shown, the radio wave is radiated as a conical beam whose center is null in the direction Q ′ directly above the dielectric disk line 71.

  In this case, a circuit that can excite a rotating electromagnetic field (for example, a cam type phaser [a feeding circuit for rotating electric field excitation in a radial waveguide circuit: Hideo Sumiyoshi) to a feeding circuit that supplies radio waves to the dielectric disk line 71. In addition, by arranging the 1993 IEICE Spring Meeting]), it is also possible to radiate radio waves in a circular polarization along the central axis of the dielectric disk line 71.

Next, a case where a radio wave whose excitation mode in the waveguide 702 is the TE ₁₁ mode is supplied to the dielectric disk line 71 will be described.

  FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining the operation in a state where the disc (concentric metal plate) 73 is separated from the dielectric disc line 71.

FIG. 37A is a diagram showing an electric field in the cross section of the waveguide 702 of the radio wave whose excitation mode in the waveguide 702 is the TE ₁₁ mode, and the electrolytic strength is polarized at the center of the waveguide 702. It becomes the largest in the direction and becomes smaller as the distance from the polarization direction of the waveguide 702 in the orthogonal direction increases.

Figure 37 (b) is radio emission characteristics from the dielectric disc line 71 when the drive mode of the waveguide 702 has powered radio is TE ₁₁ mode in the dielectric disc line 71 (chain double-dashed line) The radio wave has a peak in the polarization direction of the waveguide 702, and has an 8-shaped directivity that is null in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction of the waveguide 702, and is linearly polarized. A wave is radiated in a plane parallel to the dielectric disk line 71.

  FIG. 38 is a view for explaining the operation in a state in which the disc 73 is brought close to (in contact with) the dielectric disc line 71.

  As shown in FIG. 38 (a), when the disk 73 is brought close to the dielectric disk line 71, the radio wave is directed in the direction Q ′ directly above the dielectric disk line 71 as shown in FIG. 38 (b). Radiated as a linearly polarized beam.

  That is, according to the eleventh embodiment, by changing the relative distance between the dielectric disk line 71 and the disk 73 on which the periodic structure is formed, the radiation direction of the radio wave is changed to the dielectric disk line. It is possible to change 90 degrees between the circumferential direction of 71 and the axial direction.

In particular, in the eleventh embodiment, the excitation mode of the radio wave in the waveguide 702 may be the TM ₀₁ mode or the TE ₁₁ mode.
(Twelfth embodiment)
Next, a twelfth embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

  In the tenth embodiment and the eleventh embodiment, the position of the disc 72 (73), which is the propagation mode conversion means 12, is operated by the operating rod 721. However, the disc 72 (73) is a waveguide. By moving along the line 702, the operation rod 721 and the radome 701 can be omitted, and the structure can be simplified.

  FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view (a) and a perspective view (b) showing the structure of the twelfth embodiment, wherein the slow wave propagation means 11 is a dielectric disk line 71 to which a waveguide 702 is connected. The propagation mode conversion means 12 is movable along the waveguide 702, and the structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric disk line 71 on the surface facing the dielectric disk line 71. It is the disk 74 in which the periodic structure to be formed was formed.

  A converter 711 for converting the propagation mode of the radio wave propagating through the circular waveguide 702 in the propagation mode of the circular waveguide into the propagation mode of the dielectric disk line is embedded on the upper surface of the dielectric disk line 71. Yes.

  The disc 74 may be a disc 72 in which a spiral periodic structure is formed on the opposing surface of the dielectric disc line 71 or a disc 73 in which a concentric periodic structure is formed. Good.

  In addition, when the disc 74 is the concentric disc 73, it has the supporting member 731 (FIG. 36, FIG. 38) for maintaining a shape. Moreover, also when the disc 74 is the helical periodic structure 72, you may have the supporting member 741 (FIG. 39, FIG. 40) for maintaining a shape.

Since the operation of the twelfth embodiment is the same as the operation of the eleventh embodiment or the twelfth embodiment, detailed description is omitted, but the disc 74 and the dielectric disc line 71 are separated from each other. When the wave is excited in the wave guide 02 in the TM ₀₁ mode, the radio wave is radiated in the entire circumferential direction of the dielectric disk line 71, and when excited in the TE ₁₁ mode, the radio wave is radiated with an 8-shaped directivity. Is done.

As shown in FIG. 40, when the disc 74 is brought close to (in contact with) the dielectric disc line 71, the radio wave is in the TM ₀₁ mode or the TE ₁₁ mode in the waveguide 702. Regardless, when the base plate 70 is disposed below the disc 74 via the hollow spacer 703, the radio wave is radiated above the dielectric disc line 71.

On the other hand, when the ground plane 70 is not installed, radio waves are radiated above and below the dielectric disk line 71. When the ground plane 70 is not installed, the excitation mode in the waveguide 702 may be TE ₀₁ .

  That is, according to the twelfth embodiment, by changing the relative distance between the dielectric disk line 71 and the disk 74 on which the periodic structure is formed, the radiation direction of the radio wave is changed to the dielectric disk line. It is possible to change within a wide range of 90 degrees between the circumferential direction of 71 and the axial direction.

  It is to be noted that an antenna having a higher gain can be formed by arranging the antenna devices according to the present invention in an array or by increasing the width of the dielectric rod antenna.

  It is also clear that the antenna device according to the present invention can be used as a receiving antenna.

  As described above, the antenna device according to the present invention has an effect that the radio wave radiation characteristics can be changed in a wide range with a simple structure, or the radio wave radiation characteristics can be changed in a wide range and continuously with a simple structure. It is effective as

Basic block diagram of an antenna device according to the present invention The perspective view of 1st Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention The perspective view of the propagation mode conversion means used with the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention 1 is an exploded perspective view of an antenna device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The top view and horizontal sectional view of 1st Embodiment of the antenna device which concern on this invention The perspective view of 2nd Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. The disassembled perspective view of 2nd Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention. The top view and horizontal sectional view of 2nd Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concern on this invention The top view of 3rd Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention Horizontal sectional view of an antenna device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The top view of 4th Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention Horizontal sectional view of 4th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention The graph which shows the electromagnetic wave radiation characteristic of 4th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention The perspective view of 5th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. Horizontal sectional view of 5th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention The perspective view of 6th Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention. The figure which shows an example of the use condition of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention A perspective view of an antenna device according to the present invention using an image line The top view and perspective view of the propagation mode conversion means of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention Sectional drawing of the corrugated board of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention Sectional drawing of the strip board of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention Sectional drawing of the slit board of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention The perspective view of the image track | line of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. Sectional drawing of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. The perspective view (1/2) of 8th Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention. The perspective view (2/2) of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. The graph which shows the electromagnetic wave radiation characteristic of 8th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention The top view and perspective view of the propagation mode conversion means of 9th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concern on this invention The perspective view (1/2) of 9th Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention The perspective view (2/2) of 9th Embodiment of the antenna device which concerns on this invention Sectional drawing and perspective view of 10th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention The perspective view of the disc of 10th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. The perspective view explaining operation | movement of 10th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention (1/2) The perspective view explaining operation | movement of 10th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention (2/2) The perspective view of the disc of 11th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention. The perspective view explaining operation | movement of 11th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention (1/3) The perspective view explaining operation | movement of 11th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention (2/3) The perspective view explaining operation | movement of 11th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention (2/3) Sectional drawing and perspective view (1/2) of 12th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention Sectional drawing and perspective view (2/2) of 12th Embodiment of the antenna apparatus which concerns on this invention Perspective view of a conventional dielectric rod antenna device A perspective view of a conventional leaky wave antenna device

Explanation of symbols

21 Dielectric line 222, 227 Corrugated plate 23 Hollow casing 231 Bottom plate 232, 233 Side plate 234 Top plate 235 Opening

Claims (11)

Slow wave propagation means for propagating electromagnetic waves in slow wave mode;
Propagation mode conversion means for converting the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the slow wave propagation means from a slow wave mode to a fast wave mode;
An antenna apparatus comprising: a propagation mode conversion unit; and a relative position changing unit that changes a relative position of the slow wave propagation unit. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line,
The propagation mode conversion means is at least one periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric line;
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing unit is a proximity unit that brings the periodic structure close to the dielectric line. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna;
The propagation mode conversion means is at least one periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna;
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing unit is a proximity unit that brings the periodic structure close to the dielectric rod antenna. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna;
The propagation mode conversion means is a hollow periodic structure in which the structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna, and the dielectric rod antenna passes through a hollow portion,
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing means is a hollow body moving means for moving the hollow body along the dielectric rod antenna. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line,
The propagation mode conversion means is a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the dielectric line, and whose period changes in a direction different from the propagation direction,
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing unit is a moving unit that moves the periodic structure in a direction different from a propagation direction of radio waves on the dielectric line. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna;
The propagation mode conversion means is a periodic structure in which the structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the dielectric rod antenna, and the period changes in a direction different from the propagation direction,
The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing means is a moving means for moving the periodic structure in a direction different from a propagation direction of radio waves of the dielectric rod antenna. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric line,
The propagation mode conversion means is a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric line,
2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing unit is a rotating unit that rotates the propagation mode changing unit with respect to the dielectric line. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric rod antenna;
The propagation mode conversion means is a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric rod antenna,
2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing unit is a rotating unit that rotates the propagation mode changing unit with respect to the dielectric rod antenna. The slow wave propagation means is a dielectric disk line,
The propagation mode conversion means is a disk in which a periodic structure whose structure periodically changes in the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave propagating through the dielectric disk line is formed on a surface facing the dielectric disk line. Yes,
2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the relative position changing means is a disk position changing means for changing a relative position between the disk and the dielectric disk line. The antenna device according to claim 9, wherein the propagation mode conversion unit is a disc in which a spiral structure is formed on a surface facing the dielectric disc line. The antenna device according to claim 9, wherein the propagation mode conversion means is a disk in which a concentric structure is formed on a surface facing the dielectric disk line.