JP2006159141A - Cyclone separation method and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cyclone separation method and its device which enable a continuous collection operation of material to be collected while opening the cyclone bottom to the outer space and perform separation of necessary objects and other dust of light fine particles, and the like, are free from the discharge of the dust from the cyclone bottom, and can optimize the efficiency of a blower for supplying air under pressure into a cyclone. <P>SOLUTION: The cyclone 1 is equipped with an inner cylinder 2 of which the inside is opened at the upper end, and an outer cylinder 3 disposed at a distance in the direction of the outer periphery of the inner cylinder 2. The upper end of the cyclone 1 from the outer periphery of the inner cylinder 2 to the outer cylinder 3 has a closed surface, and the lower end side is formed in a shape of an inverted cone. The central part forms an opening part 5 which opens outside. A feed duct 4 is connected to the upper part of the outer cylinder 3. The upper end of the inner cylinder 2 is connected to an air discharge duct 6, of which the air discharge port 17 has an air flow control mechanism 7 for applying a resistance to discharged air. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a cyclone separation method and apparatus for separating and discharging a plurality of mixtures having different masses charged into a cyclone into an upper and lower outlets of the cyclone.

Conventionally, cyclone type dust collectors have been used to collect dust from dust-containing gas discharged from combustion facilities, drying facilities and other chemical facilities. Since the purpose of using the cyclone is dust collection, in order to increase the dust collection efficiency, it is usual to collect in the space where the lower end of the cyclone is separated from the external space (Patent Document 1)
In addition, the dust collector in the grain dryer also has a structure (Patent Document 2) in which a dust bag is placed on the lower end side of the cyclone and separated from the external space, and an opening degree adjusting structure is provided at the air outlet opening upward of the cyclone. A dust collector is also known, as in Patent Document 3, in which pressured air is guided into the dust bag from the lower end of the cyclone, and the dust bag is prevented from being sucked and inflated to collect dust.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-299728 JP 2000-329469 A JP 2002-039679 A

  As in Patent Document 1, the lower end of the cyclone is used as a dust container, separated from the external space, and all the fine solids charged into the cyclone from the dust-containing gas inflow pipe are collected in the dust container, and the clean air discharge pipe The purpose is to prevent the discharge of fine dust from. Therefore, since the internal structure of the cyclone is complicated, it is considered that the resistance of the air sent from the dust-containing gas inflow pipe is also increased, and it is impossible to separate and collect only what is required in the dust container. is there.

  Also, in the dust collector of the grain dryer of Patent Document 2, when only a necessary thing is collected in a dust collection bag as in Patent Document 1, and separation work is performed to discharge fine dust, a cyclone is used. Although some separation is possible by adjusting the collection capacity of itself and the amount of air sent into the cyclone, it is necessary to finely adjust the pressure air flow rate. Moreover, in order to inflate the dust bag, a pressure that works outward from the lower end of the cyclone is required. This is because it is necessary to send the air volume exceeding the dust collection capacity of the cyclone into the cyclone, so the pressure loss is large, and excessive power and inefficiency of the blower that sends dust etc. into the cyclone is generated. .

  In Patent Document 3, a dust bag attached to the lower end of the cyclone is inflated to collect rice husk and dust in the inflated bag space. Therefore, a resistor is provided inside the exhaust vent to increase exhaust resistance and inflate the dust bag. Therefore, the capability of the cyclone itself is reduced, and the pressure loss with respect to the cyclone is large as in Patent Document 2, and the efficiency is deteriorated.

  Further, in the above-mentioned patent document, it is necessary to replace the dust container or the dust bag in order to perform the continuous collection operation, and at the time of replacement, the blowing into the cyclone is stopped or the outside communicated with the inside of the cyclone is connected. Continuous operation is difficult unless each collection chamber of the blocked space is separated from the external space and a device for mechanical switching is provided.

  Therefore, in the present invention, the lower end of the cyclone is opened to the external space to enable continuous collection work, while separating the target object from other light particulate dust and the like, and releasing dust from the lower end of the cyclone. It aims at providing the cyclone separation method and apparatus which can make the efficiency of the air blower which supplies pressure ventilation in a cyclone best.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a cyclone separation method and apparatus according to claims 1 to 6.

  That is, the cyclone separation method according to claim 1 is a separation method using a cyclone composed of an inner cylinder having an open upper end, an inlet duct on the upper side, and an outer cylinder having a bottom of an inverted cone on the lower side. The air flow adjusting mechanism for adjusting the air flow rate is provided in the inner cylinder or the air exhaust duct connected to the inner cylinder, and by adjusting the air flow adjusting mechanism, the suction air speed at the opening below the reverse cone of the outer cylinder is adjusted. The method is characterized by adjusting and discharging the input material from the input duct in two directions from the opening below the inverted cone of the outer cylinder and the upper end of the inner cylinder.

  The cyclone separating apparatus according to claim 2 is a separating apparatus using a cyclone composed of an inner cylinder having an open upper end, a charging duct on the upper side, and an outer cylinder having an inverted conical bottom surface opened to the lower side. In addition, the inner cylinder or the exhaust duct connected to the inner cylinder is provided with an air volume adjusting mechanism for adjusting the exhaust air volume, and by adjusting the air volume adjusting mechanism, the suction air speed at the opening below the inverted cone of the outer cylinder is adjusted. The apparatus is characterized in that the input material from the input duct is separated and discharged in two directions from the opening below the inverted cone of the outer cylinder and the upper end of the inner cylinder.

  The cyclone separation apparatus according to claim 3 is the cyclone separation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein either the wind speed or static pressure in the input duct or both of them is the maximum value of the apparatus. The air volume is adjusted by an air volume adjusting mechanism.

  The cyclone separator according to claim 4 is the cyclone separator according to claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the wind speed sucked into the cyclone from the lower opening of the outer cylinder is from 0 m / S to 20 m / S. The exhaust air volume of the exhaust air duct is adjusted by an air volume adjusting mechanism so that the air volume is in the range.

  The cyclone separator according to claim 5 is the cyclone separator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the air volume adjusting mechanism is configured to reduce an area of a cross section of the inner cylinder or the exhaust duct connected thereto. It is a resistor to be adjusted.

  The cyclone separator according to claim 6 is the cyclone separator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the air volume adjusting mechanism continuously extends a cross section of the inner cylinder or the exhaust duct connected thereto. Thus, the mechanism repeats opening and closing, and is characterized in that it has a configuration for adjusting the time difference between the opening time and the closing time.

  According to the cyclone separation method and apparatus according to the present invention, the secondary product discharged together with dust can be separated from reusable collected material and dust, particularly fine particles such as dust. The air speed at the lower end opening of the cyclone is adjusted by adjusting the air volume adjustment mechanism provided at the exhaust outlet at the top of the cyclone without changing the air volume and speed of the blower that is pumped into the cyclone. In addition, it is possible to separate a collected material having a velocity lower than the conveying air velocity and a fine particle such as dust that is higher than that with a simple device.

  In addition, since the air in the cyclone is not discharged from the opening at the lower end of the cyclone, there is no discharge of fine dust, etc., and the collection of collected material discharged from the opening is continuous without impairing the work environment. Can work on.

  In the cyclone separation method and apparatus of the present invention, dust is separated or pulverized from rice husks, rice husks, wheat husks, etc. discharged in the rice hull and sorting operations performed as a work after drying the grains. It is an effective means for separating fine particles such as dust from those that are relatively light in mass and capable of secondary production, such as wood and dust, or large sawdust and dust.

  Therefore, as an explanation of the embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of separation of rice husks and dust discharged by a hulling operation by a hull sorting machine performed after drying the hull will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone separating device showing a state where the air flow adjusting device according to the embodiment of the present invention is not operated, and FIG. 2 is a cyclone showing a state where the air flow adjusting device is operated slightly from the state shown in FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the separator, FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cyclone separator showing the state in which the air flow adjusting device is further operated from the state of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cyclone separator showing the measurement location of the air volume and pressure of the cyclone separator. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone separating apparatus showing another example of the air volume adjusting device, FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the wind speed at the measurement location in FIG. 4 and the opening ratio of the exhaust duct, and FIG. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the static pressure in a measurement place, and the opening rate of a ventilation duct.

  The cyclone 1 is provided with an inner cylinder 2 whose upper end is open and an outer cylinder 3 with a distance in the outer peripheral direction, and the upper end from the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 2 to the outer cylinder 3 forms a closed surface. . The lower end direction of the outer cylinder 3 forms an inverted cone, and the center part thereof is an opening part 5 opened to the outside. A charging duct 4 is connected to the upper side of the outer cylinder 3, and a rice husk 10 that is pumped and discharged from the blower of the huller 8 and exhaust air 11 including dust passes through the charging duct 4 and passes through the cyclone 1. It is supplied inside.

  The upper end of the inner cylinder 2 is connected to the exhaust duct 6, and the exhaust port 17 is provided with an air volume adjusting mechanism 7 that provides resistance to the exhaust air. Although the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is provided at the rear end of the exhaust duct 6, the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 may be in the middle or inside of the exhaust duct 6. Further, the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 uses a method of closing the area of the air outlet 17 of the air exhaust duct 6 with the resistance plate 9, but the resistor 13 rotates around the axis 14 as shown in FIG. The resistor 13 may temporarily block the inside of the wind duct 6 and the amount of exhaust air may be adjusted by adjusting the closing time.

  The chaff 10 discharged from the blower of the huller 8 and the exhausted air 11 including dust are guided into the cyclone 1 through the inlet duct 4, and the chaff 10 and a part of the dust are swirled in the cyclone 1. The inside of the cyclone falls and is discharged from the opening 5 to the outside of the machine, and the exhaust air 11 is discharged from the inner cylinder 2 to the outside of the machine.

  Normally, when trying to attach a rice husk collecting device (which also serves as a dust collector) to the rice husk discharge path of the rice huller 8, if the wind speed of the rice husk discharge path of the rice huller 8 decreases and the static pressure increases, Since the conveyance air speed is reduced, the object is not conveyed, and the sorting ability of the brown rice and rice husk of the rice huller is reduced, so as to prevent the reduction of the sorting ability of the wind sorting unit that sorts rice husk and brown rice, The dust collector is installed with a capacity that has more capacity than the amount of exhaust air from the huller. Therefore, when pressure feeding from the huller 8 into the cyclone 1, the outside air 12 is sucked from the opening 5 at the lower end of the inverted conical portion of the outer cylinder 3, and discharged from the exhaust duct 6 together with the exhaust air 11. It is known to be done. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 is not operating in the cyclone 1 having a processing amount more than that of the huller 8, and a large amount of outside air 12 is introduced into the cyclone 1 from the opening 5. A state in which the air is sucked and discharged from the exhaust duct 6 together with the exhaust air 11 is shown.

  FIG. 2 shows a state in which the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 is operated a little and a part of the air exhaust port 17 of the air exhaust duct 6 is blocked, whereby the outside air 12 sucked into the cyclone 1 from the opening 5 is shown. The wind speed is decreasing.

  FIG. 3 shows a state in which the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 is further operated and covers a large area of the air exhaust port 17 of the air exhaust duct 6, whereby the opening 5 is directed from the inside of the cyclone 1 toward the outside of the machine. It shows that the exhaust air 11 leaks out of the machine.

  As described above, in order to obtain the states from FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 numerically, the wind speed and static pressure were measured at the positions of measurement point A15 and measurement point B16 in FIG.

  The approximate dimensions of the cyclones subjected to the data measurement are as follows: the outer cylinder 3 is φ760 mm, the inlet duct 4 φ180 mm, the air outlet 17 φ380 mm, and the opening 5 φ120 mm.

  In the above table, the opening ratio of the exhaust duct 17 of the exhaust duct 6 is measured as 100%, that is, the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 is not operated, and No1 is set. 7 was closed with the resistance plate 9 and measured at 67% of the fully open state, No2 was measured, and the aperture ratio was measured at 55% No3. Similarly, the aperture ratio was 43% No4 and the aperture ratio was 31%. Was measured as No5.

  At the measurement point A15, the wind speed and static pressure in the charging duct 4 are measured, and at the measurement point B16, the wind speed of the opening 5 is measured. The wind speed sucked into the inside at the measurement point B16 is-(minus). The wind speed squirting from outside to the outside is indicated as + (plus).

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the opening ratio of the exhaust duct 17 of the exhaust duct 6 and the wind speed in the input duct 4, and the aperture ratio of the exhaust outlet 17 of the exhaust duct 6. FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the static pressure in the charging duct 4 and the static pressure in the charging duct 4 when the opening ratio of the exhaust port 17 in the case of No. 5 is 31%. The pressure rises and the wind speed falls, and the wind speed from the opening 5 is also discharged from the cyclone 1 to the outside. The wind speed (3 m / s) from the inside of the cyclone 1 to the outside means that the rice husk 10 thrown into the cyclone and the exhaust air 11 containing a lot of dust are ejected from the opening 5. In addition to the separation of dust, the working environment is also deteriorated.

  Further, the wind speed at the measuring point A15 of No. 1 (opening ratio 100%) is 11.61 m / s, the static pressure is 406.70 Pa, and the wind speed at the measuring point B16 is -7 m / s, and the opening 5 The speed of the suction wind from On the other hand, the measuring point A15 of No2 (opening ratio 67%) has a wind speed of 11.84 m / s, a static pressure of 397.88 Pa, and the wind speed of the measuring point B16 is -5.9 m / s. And No3 (opening ratio 55%) measuring point A15 is wind speed 11.86m / s, static pressure 396.90Pa, and the wind speed of measuring point B16 is -4.6m / s. Furthermore, No4 (opening ratio 43%) measuring point A15 has a wind speed of 11.98 m / s, static pressure 383.18 Pa, and a measuring point B16 has a wind speed of -2.9 m / s. Even in this case, in the state where the outside air 12 is sucked into the cyclone 1 from the opening 5, it has been found through experiments that the wind speed in the charging duct 4 does not decrease and the static pressure does not increase. Moreover, in the state where the outside air 12 is sucked into the cyclone 1 from the opening 5, the lower the wind speed, the lower the wind speed or static pressure in the charging duct 4, and the rice husk 10. The exhaust air 11 containing dust can be thrown into the cyclone 1 without resistance.

  From the above results, in the cyclone in which the chaff 10 exhausted from the huller 8 and dust exhaust 11 including dust is introduced into the cyclone 1 and the outside air 12 is sucked into the cyclone 1 from the opening 5, the exhaust outlet 17 If the outside air 12 is sucked into the cyclone 1 from the opening 5 even if the opening ratio is reduced, the wind speed in the charging duct 4 does not decrease and the static pressure does not increase. The wind speed can be adjusted by adding resistance in the exhaust port 17 or the exhaust duct 6.

  Usually, the conveying air speed of the large sawdust is 15 to 20 m / s, the chaff is 10 to 15 m / s, the shell powder is 10 to 30 m / s, and the lint is 7.5 to 10 m / s.

  Even in the experiment, at the suction wind speed (−7 m / s) of the opening 5 of Experiment No. 1, the rice husk 10 is discharged from the opening 5 to the outside of the machine, but many rice husks 10 are discharged from the air outlet 17 to the outside of the machine. The phenomenon that occurs is occurring.

  Therefore, the air volume adjusting mechanism 7 adjusts the opening rate of the air outlet 17 to control the suction air speed from the opening 5 until the wind speed at which the chaff 10 does not rise in the cyclone 1 together with the outside air 12 sucked from the opening 5. By dropping, the rice husk 10 and dust can be separated. The rice husk 10 is discharged from the opening 5 to the outside of the machine, and dust can be discharged to the outside of the machine through the exhaust port 17 together with the exhaust air 11 and some outside air 12.

  In order to separate what is not collected and what is not collected in the cyclone 1, by adjusting the wind speed of the opening 5 to the wind speed that does not exceed the conveying air velocity of the object to be collected, or that does not need to be collected is conveyed by air. Separation can be possible.

  If the object to be separated is the rice husk 10 and dust of the experiment, the large sawdust and dust, etc., the suction speed from the opening 5 is sufficient as the wind speed (-2.9 m / s) as in Experiment No. 4, and It seems to be favorable to lower the wind speed of the suction air (outside air 12) from the opening 5.

  From the result of the experiment, the adjustment position of the air volume adjusting device 7 is searched so that the wind speed in the inlet duct 4 is the fastest, the static pressure in the inlet duct 4 is the lowest, or both. As a result, the suction air (outside air 12) from the opening 4 becomes weak and the efficiency of separation of the collected material and dust becomes high, and as the suction air from the opening 4 becomes weaker, the wind speed in the input duct 4 increases. It can be said that the static pressure is low and the efficiency of the blower that pumps into the cyclone is high.

  The present invention is particularly effective means and apparatus for separating the necessary collected material and dust, and removes fine particles such as dust from the waste, etc., so that the waste can be easily used for secondary processing. It is possible.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone separation device showing a state where an air flow control device according to an embodiment of the present invention is not operated. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone separation device showing a state in which the air volume adjusting device is slightly operated from the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone separation device showing a state where the air volume adjusting device is further operated from the state of FIG. 2. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone separator showing a measurement location of air volume and pressure of the cyclone separator. It is the cyclone separation apparatus cross-sectional schematic which showed the other example of the air volume control apparatus. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the wind speed in the measurement place in FIG. 4, and the opening rate of the exhaust duct exhaust port. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the static pressure in the measurement location in FIG. 4, and the opening rate of the exhaust duct exhaust port.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cyclone 2 Inner cylinder 3 Outer cylinder 4 Input duct 5 Opening part 6 Exhaust duct 7 Air volume adjustment mechanism 8 Grainer 9 Resistance board 10 Rice husk 11 Exhaust air 12 Suction air 13 Resistor 14 Axis center 15 Measuring point A
16 Station B
17 Ventilation outlet

Claims (6)

  A separation method using a cyclone composed of an inner cylinder with an open upper end, an inlet duct on the upper side, and an outer cylinder with the bottom of an inverted cone on the lower side. The inner cylinder or a discharge connected to the inner cylinder The air duct is provided with an air volume adjusting mechanism for adjusting the exhaust air volume, and by adjusting the air volume adjusting mechanism, the suction air velocity at the opening below the reverse cone of the outer cylinder is adjusted, and the input from the inlet duct is transferred to the outer cylinder. The cyclone separation method is characterized by separating and discharging in two directions from the lower opening of the inverted cone and the upper end of the inner cylinder.   A separator using a cyclone composed of an inner cylinder with an open upper end, an inlet duct on the upper side, and an outer cylinder with the bottom of an inverted cone on the lower side. The separator is connected to the inner cylinder or a drain connected thereto. The air duct is provided with an air volume adjusting mechanism for adjusting the exhaust air volume, and by adjusting the air volume adjusting mechanism, the suction air velocity at the opening below the reverse cone of the outer cylinder is adjusted, and the input from the inlet duct is transferred to the outer cylinder. The cyclone separator is characterized by separating and discharging in two directions from the lower opening of the inverted cone and the upper end of the inner cylinder.   The cyclone according to claim 2, wherein the exhaust air volume of the exhaust duct is adjusted by an air volume adjusting mechanism so that one or both of the wind speed and / or static pressure in the input duct becomes a maximum value of the apparatus. Separation device.   The exhaust air amount of the exhaust duct is adjusted by an air volume adjusting mechanism so that the wind speed sucked into the cyclone from the opening below the outer cylinder is in the range of 0 m / S to 20 m / S. The cyclone separator according to claim 2 or claim 3.   The cyclone separator according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the air volume adjusting mechanism is a resistor that adjusts an area of a cross section of the inner cylinder or an exhaust duct connected thereto. The air volume adjusting mechanism is a mechanism that continuously opens and closes the cross section of the inner cylinder or the exhaust duct connected thereto, and is configured to adjust the time difference between the opening time and the closing time. The cyclone separator according to any one of claims 4 to 4.

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