JP2006153602A - Wheel shape measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that a conventional wheel shape measuring system has been able to highly precisely determined flange wear but has had difficulties in highly precisely determining wheel tread wear. <P>SOLUTION: By determining the accurate profiles of flanges and wheel treads by this wheel shape measuring system (distance measuring device) using distance sensors and determining the amount of wear of each part of wheels, it is possible to detect even recession wear which occurs in wheel treads and highly precisely report life determination and machining periods. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a wheel shape measuring apparatus that measures the shape of a wheel of a railway vehicle and detects the wear state of the wheel using the measurement result.

  Conventionally, Patent Document 1 discloses an apparatus that measures the thickness of a flange, the height of a flange, and the like by arranging two distance sensors so as to sandwich a wheel as a means for measuring a wheel tread shape of a railway vehicle.

  Further, there is a technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 as a technique for measuring a wheel shape using an imaging means.

JP 2001-88503 A

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-52536

  The method of Patent Document 1 is to measure the wheel shape using a distance sensor. However, in this method, sufficient return light from the tread cannot be obtained due to the angular relationship between the distance sensor and the tread. The part cannot be measured accurately. Moreover, although the method of patent document 2 is measuring a wheel shape using image processing, although a relative positional relationship can be measured easily, it is very difficult to know an actual dimension.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wheel shape measuring apparatus that can accurately determine the dimensions of the wheel tread shape and accurately detect the amount of wear and the state of the wheel.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the shape of a wheel tread of a railway vehicle is measured to inspect the amount of wear of the flange and the state of wear of the tread. The first and second distance sensors obtained from the reflected light, the third distance sensor obtained by irradiating the wheel traveling through the reflecting member on the vehicle with the laser light, and obtained from the reflected light, the first, A control unit that processes data from the second and third distance sensors and obtains the wear amount is provided.

  By accurately measuring the shape and dimensions of the railway vehicle, the wear amount of the wheel flange portion and the tread surface portion can be accurately detected.

  The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the wheel.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the wheel 1 has an outer periphery from an outer portion (a portion facing the outside of the rail and sometimes referred to as a front surface) 11 to an inner portion (hereinafter also referred to as a rear surface) 12. It consists of a tread surface 13 formed so that the outer shape of the surface gradually increases, and a flange 14 provided integrally inside. The outer peripheral surface of the flange 14 has a convex curved surface that is continuous from the tread surface and gradually decreases in thickness from the inside toward the outside. Further, a reference groove 15 is provided at a position where the diameter on the rear surface 12 side of the wheel is Ws. The diameter Ws is determined by the standard. The outer surface 16 of the flange 14 is referred to as a flange outer surface, and the inner surface 17 of the flange 14 is referred to as a wheel inner surface.

  Here, the wheel diameter is Wd, the flange height is fh, the flange thickness is d, and the distance between the wheel diameter Wd and the reference groove diameter Ws is Wt.

FIG. 2 shows the overall arrangement of the wheel shape measuring apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 2, a first distance sensor 21, a third distance sensor 23 for measuring the distance to the wheel on the outside of the rail 2, and a second distance sensor 22 on the inside of the rail 2 are provided. is there. The reflecting plate 5 is a reflecting member that reduces light attenuation and bends the optical path by 90 degrees, and is made of a triangular prism, a reflecting mirror having a metal film deposited on a glass surface, or a material having a mirror-finished surface. . As shown in FIG. 3, the reflector 5 is provided on the vehicle (cart frame) and moves together with the wheels. Also, vehicle entry detection sensors 25a and 25b for detecting the entry of the vehicle, vehicle exit detection sensors 26a and 26b for detecting the exit of the vehicle, wheel detection sensors 27a and 27b for determining the measurement start timing for one wheel, measurement Wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b for determining the end timing are provided. A receiver 30 for receiving vehicle information such as a train formation number is transmitted to the ground side of the vehicle, and a vehicle information such as a train formation number is transmitted to the vehicle body at the head of the vehicle (not shown). There is a machine.

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of reflectors provided on the vehicle for measuring the wheel tread.
As shown in FIG. 3, a reflecting plate 5 is provided on a bogie frame 3 on the vehicle via a mounting arm 4. In this figure, the installation height of the reflection plate 5 is set so that the central axis of the reflection plate 5 is the height hs of the axle center. The installation distance is set at a position separated by L6 in the horizontal direction from the axle center. The position of the reflector 5 attached to the carriage frame 3 need only be a position where there is no light blocking between the wheel 1 and the reflector 5, and the height and horizontal distance need not be uniquely determined. Since it does not follow the movement of, it needs to be slightly larger.

FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of various sensors provided with the wheels interposed therebetween.
As shown in FIG. 4, the distance sensor 21 irradiates light on the wheel front side at an angle θ1, receives the reflected light, and measures the distance. The installation distance is set at a position separated from the flange 14 of the wheel 1 by L1 in the horizontal direction. Further, the distance sensor 22 is installed at a position that is spaced apart by L2 in the horizontal direction on the rear side of the wheel and that emits light at an angle θ2 with respect to the rear side of the wheel. The installation height of both sensors is provided on the ground side hG away from the wheel tread (contact point between the wheel and the rail). Thus, in the first distance measuring device that directly irradiates the wheel with light and measures the distance, the distance to the wheel flange portion 14, the wheel surface 11 and the wheel back surface 12 can be measured approximately accurately. It is difficult to measure the wheel tread 13 portion. Therefore, a distance sensor 23, which is a second distance measuring device that measures the distance to the tread surface via a reflector provided on the carriage frame, is provided to obtain the distance to the tread surface. The installation distance of the distance sensor 23 is set at a position away from the center line 51 of the wheel width by L5 in the horizontal direction. The installation height is provided on the ground side that is hs (center height of the axle) away from the axle tread.

FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of reflectors and distance sensors for measuring wheel treads.
As shown in FIG. 5, the reflecting plate 5 rotates at the intersection of the tread surface 13 a (the surface perpendicular to the rail 2 and in contact with the tread surface 13), the parallel surface 13 b and the wheel width center line 51. As shown, it is installed (on the vehicle) at an angle of 45 degrees toward the outside where the distance sensor 23 is located. The plate width of the reflecting plate 5 is about 1.5 times the wheel width, and the center of the reflecting plate 5 is arranged on the center line 51 of the wheel width. The distance sensor 23 irradiates light on the reflector 5 on the vehicle from the front side of the wheel in a horizontal direction and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and the light bent in the direction perpendicular to the reflector 5 is the tread 13a of the wheel 1. Irradiate. The return light from the tread surface 13a follows substantially the same path as the incident path when the reflection condition is satisfied, and returns to the distance sensor 23 via the reflecting plate 5. The distance sensor 23 measures the distance to the tread surface 13a of the wheel 1.

  Next, the operation of measuring the tread across the wheel width when the vehicle moves from left to right in FIG. 5 will be described. The reflector 5 is provided on the carriage frame and moves substantially integrally with the wheel 1. Here, the case where the wheel from the position shown by the solid line sequentially moves to the position shown by the broken line will be described as an example. When the wheel 1 and the reflection plate 5 are at the positions indicated by the solid lines, the irradiation light of the distance sensor 23 enters the front side of the reflection plate 5 (distance sensor 23 side). Since the position of the distance sensor 23 is fixed, the incident position of this light sequentially moves along the inclination of the reflecting plate as the vehicle moves. That is, the incident point moves so as to be incident on the wheel flange side like the reflecting plate 5 indicated by a broken line. If the return light from the tread surface 13a also satisfies the reflection condition, it follows a path substantially the same as the incident path and returns to the distance sensor 23 via the reflecting plate 5. The distance sensor 23 thus measures the distance from the near side of the wheel width to the tread surface 13a from the rear flange side. Actually, since the wheel 1 is rotated, the measurement is performed not on the same tread surface 13a but on the tread surface 13 in a spiral manner.

FIG. 6 shows an outline of the overall configuration of the wheel tread measuring apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 6, in this apparatus, when roughly classified, the information is received from the two shape measuring units of the flange measuring unit 101 and the tread measuring unit 102 and the two shape measuring units, and the wheel shape is obtained or obtained. And an information processing apparatus 103 for storing the received data.

  The flange measuring unit 101 includes a first distance sensor 21 that measures the distance to the outer surface of the flange, a second distance sensor 22 that measures the distance to the inner surface of the wheel, and a wheel approach detection sensor that determines the start and end of measurement. 27a and 27b, wheel withdrawal detection sensors 28a and 28b, and a flange measurement control unit 104 for controlling the sensors.

  The tread surface measurement unit 102 also includes a third distance sensor 23 that measures the distance to the wheel tread surface, wheel entry detection sensors 27a and 27b for determining measurement start and measurement end, and wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b ( (Not shown) and a tread surface measurement control unit 105 for controlling the sensor.

  In addition to this, each controller receives signals from a receiver for receiving vehicle information such as signals of the vehicle entry detection sensors 25a and 25b and the vehicle exit detection sensors 26a and 26b and train formation numbers. . The vehicle information is taken into only the information processing apparatus 103 and is then transmitted to the flange measurement control unit 104 and the tread surface measurement control unit 105.

  The information processing apparatus 103 has a function of obtaining the wheel shape by merging the data of the flange measuring unit 101 and the data of the tread measuring unit 102, and adding and storing the vehicle formation number and the measurement date and time. In addition to the function to detect wheels that have caused abnormal wear, it also has a function to issue an alarm when a wheel with abnormal wear is detected, to predict the life time of the wheel from the wear state, and to notify the observer of this. Yes. It also has a function to automatically generate wheel cutting time data.

Next, each operation will be described.
First, when the vehicle entry detection sensors 25a and 25b detect the entry of the vehicle at the measurement position, the wheel entry detection sensors 27a and 27b and the wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b are activated based on the detection signals to detect the presence or absence of wheels. To start. At the same time, the first distance sensor 21, the second distance sensor 22, and the third distance sensor are activated and become measurable. In this state, when the wheel approach detection sensors 27a and 27b detect the wheel, the first distance sensor 21, the second distance sensor 22 and the third distance sensor 23 start measurement, and the wheel exit detection sensors 28a and 28b detect the wheel. When detected, the measurement of one wheel is terminated. However, until the vehicle exit sensors 26a and 26b detect the exit of the vehicle, the sensors and the like are kept in the activated state.

  First, measurement data regarding the flange is taken into the memory of the flange measurement control unit 104. The taken measurement data is processed by the flange measurement control unit 104 to calculate the positional relationship and flange thickness of each part of the flange. At this time, the vehicle speed is calculated from the time from the start to the end of the measurement and used for the calculation. Next, measurement data relating to the tread portion is processed by the tread control portion 105 to calculate the positional relationship of the tread portion. The positional relationship and flange thickness 110 calculated by the flange measurement control unit 104 and the tread shape 111 calculated by the tread control unit 105 are transferred to the information processing apparatus 103. The transferred data is merged by the information processing apparatus 103 to obtain the wheel shape 112. For example, the tread surface shape 111 is calculated in advance from the known distance L5 between the distance sensor 23 and the reflecting plate 5, but the position change due to the swinging of the vehicle is measured by the flange measurement control unit 104, and the measurement data Based on this, the distance L5 is corrected, and the tread surface shape 111 is corrected. Furthermore, it is reflected in the wheel shape 112.

  Next, details of the calculation of the flange thickness 110 will be described.

FIG. 7 shows output waveforms of the first distance sensor 21 and the second distance sensor 22.
The first distance sensor 21 indicates a distance L3 to a portion between B and C on the outer surface of the flange, a portion between C and D on the outer surface of the wheel, and a portion between D and E on the outer surface of the flange shown in FIG. measure. The output waveform from the first distance sensor 21 is a waveform as shown in FIG. The second distance sensor 22 measures a distance L4 to the portion between A and F on the inner surface of the wheel shown in FIG.

  The flange thickness d can be calculated from the distances L3 and L4 measured by the first distance sensor 21 and the second distance sensor 22 according to Equations 1 to 3.

d = L0− (L1 + L2) number 1
L1 = L3 * sin θ1 number 2
L2 = L4 * sin θ2 number 3
Here, d, L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, θ1, and θ2 are the distance and angle shown in FIG. 3, respectively.

  The wheel diameter Wd and the wheel flange height fh are calculated from the known wheel reference groove diameter Ws, the distance L4 measured by the second distance sensor 22, the installation angle θ2, and the installation height hG according to equations 4-9. it can. The distance Lf is obtained from the elapsed time from the rise to the fall and the vehicle speed in the output waveform of the second distance sensor 22 shown in FIG. The wheel reference groove crossing distance Ls is obtained from the elapsed time from the G point to the H point indicating the wheel reference groove on the output waveform of the second distance sensor 22 and the vehicle speed.

Wd = Ws + 2Wt Number 4
Wt = h1 + h2-Ws / 2 Number 5
h1 = sqr ((Ws / 2) ² − (Ls / 2) ² ) Equation 6
h2 = L4 * cos θ2 Equation 7
fh = Rf−Wd / 2 Formula 8
Rf = sqr (h1 ² + (Lf · 2) ² ) Number 9
The calculation of the tread surface shape 111 is a result of measuring in a spiral manner (moving at a predetermined angle) in consideration of the measurement data of the distance sensor 23, the known distance L5, the known distance L6, and the moving speed of the wheel. Is corrected to a linear distance. The tread shape is obtained from the corrected tread distance and the known initial wheel shape.

FIG. 8 shows an example of the wheel shape 112 measured by the distance sensor.
In the information processing apparatus 103, the flange thickness 110 and the tread portion shape are referred to with reference to a common reference point between the flange thickness 110 and the tread portion shape 111, for example, the flange apex 302, the contact point 303 between the flange outer surface and the tread surface. 111 is merged to create a wheel shape 112. The created wheel shape 112 is stored in a storage unit provided in the information processing apparatus 103 together with data such as a vehicle organization number, a wheel number, and a measurement date. In addition, the information processing apparatus 103 detects a state of wear on each part from the created wheel shape 112, and issues a warning if the wear amount exceeds a predetermined value in each part. . Further, the information processing apparatus 103 makes a life prediction of the wheel by comparing with the data of the same wheel number of the same vehicle organization number that has been measured and stored previously, and can notify the result. Although it is difficult to measure the state of local tread wear with this measuring apparatus, it is possible to determine the wear state such as indentation continuously linearly on the tread almost accurately.

  As described above, in the present invention, the data of the distance measuring device that can measure the flange portion of the wheel with high accuracy and the data of the distance measuring device that can measure the tread surface portion of the wheel with high accuracy via the reflecting member provided on the vehicle. Thus, the wear of the wheel tread can be reliably detected by obtaining the wheel tread shape with high accuracy and obtaining the wear amount of the wheel from the obtained shape.

It is a figure which shows the cross section of a wheel. It is a figure showing the whole wheel shape measuring device composition. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of a reflection member. It is a figure which shows sensor arrangement | positioning of a wheel shape measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows the measurement position of the distance sensor which performs wheel tread measurement. It is a figure which shows the control system structure of a wheel shape measuring apparatus. It is a figure which shows the measurement position and output waveform of a distance sensor. It is a figure which shows the wheel shape measured with the distance sensor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wheel, 2 ... Rail, 3 ... Bogie frame, 4 ... Mounting arm, 5 ... Reflecting plate, 21 ... 1st distance sensor, 22 ... 2nd distance sensor, 23 ... 3rd distance sensor, 25a, 25b ... Vehicle entry detection sensor, 26a, 26b ... Vehicle exit detection sensor, 27a, 27b ... Wheel detection sensor, 28a, 28b ... Wheel exit detection sensor, 30 ... Receiver.

Claims (3)

In the wheel shape measuring device that measures the wheel tread shape of a railway vehicle and inspects the wear amount of the flange and the wear state of the tread surface,
A first distance measuring device which is installed on the ground side and directly irradiates light to the wheel to obtain a distance from the reflected light; and a reflecting member provided on the vehicle;
A second distance measuring device provided with a distance sensor that irradiates the wheel with a laser beam directly on the wheel or through the reflecting member and obtains the flange shape of the traveling wheel from the reflected light;
It comprises an information processing device that obtains a wheel shape by synthesizing the distance of each part of the wheel obtained by the first distance measuring device and the second distance measuring device, and obtains a wear amount from the shape. Wheel shape measuring device. In the wheel shape measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
The first distance measuring device mainly determines the distance between the wheel flange and the wheel end,
The wheel shape measuring device, wherein the second distance measuring device mainly measures a distance of a wheel tread surface portion. In the wheel shape measuring device according to claim 1 and 2,
A wheel shape measurement characterized in that a display unit is provided in the information processing device, and a profile is displayed together with a vehicle number and a wheel number and a wear state is displayed on the wheel synthesized by the synthesis unit on the display unit. apparatus.

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