JP2006149371A - Whey protein food - Google Patents
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本発明は、乳清タンパク食品に関し、さらに詳しくは風味と吸水性の改善された乳清タンパク食品に関する。 The present invention relates to whey protein food, and more particularly to whey protein food with improved flavor and water absorption.
乳清タンパクはハム、ソーセージ等の物性改良や、製パン、ヨーグルト等の品質改良に利用されてきており、最近ではそのアミノ酸の配列が人乳に近く栄養価に富み、必須アミノ酸をすべて含み、吸収率が非常によく、また、分岐鎖アミノ酸の含有率も高いことから、タンパク質を補給するための栄養補助食品として、主にスポーツ選手や運動負荷の高い人向けの商品に利用されてきた。 Whey protein has been used to improve physical properties such as ham and sausage, and quality improvements such as bread making and yogurt. Recently, its amino acid sequence is close to human milk and rich in nutritional value, including all essential amino acids, Since the absorption rate is very good and the content of branched chain amino acids is also high, it has been used as a dietary supplement for supplementing proteins, mainly for products for athletes and people with high exercise load.
ところで、乳清タンパクには原料の生乳に由来する抗体が残存しているものもある。人においては、抗体は体内で産生され、免疫機能を奏するが、加齢とともに産生量は減少するため、高齢者の免疫機能は低下する。また、ストレスや免疫抑制作用を有する医薬品の使用によっても抗体産生は低下する。このような場合に、乳由来の抗体を多量に含む乳清タンパクを摂取することによって、免疫系の最前線である消化管免疫を高めることができ、健康を増進し、病気からの回復を早め、健康長寿が期待できる。 By the way, some whey proteins may retain antibodies derived from raw raw milk. In humans, antibodies are produced in the body and exert an immune function. However, since the amount of production decreases with age, the immune function of the elderly decreases. Antibody production is also reduced by the use of pharmaceuticals having stress and immunosuppressive effects. In such cases, intake of whey protein containing a large amount of milk-derived antibodies can enhance gastrointestinal immunity, which is the forefront of the immune system, improve health, and speed up recovery from disease. Can expect healthy longevity.
例えば、乳由来の抗体を人、動物が摂取することにより、消化管において疾病の原因となる細菌やウイルスによる病気の治療と予防に有効であることや、消化管内の微生物バランスを健常に保ち、健康増進に役立つことが報告されている(非特許文献1参照)。また、消化管には大腸菌その他グラム陰性菌が寄生し、グラム陰性菌の菌体成分である内毒素(エンドトキシン)が体内に移行すると、エンドトキシンショックや、血栓症などの重篤な病態となることが知られているが、外科手術に先立って乳由来の抗体を摂取するにより、その抗体がエンドトキシンの毒性を無害化して、エンドトキシンによる傷害を防ぐことができることも報告されている(非特許文献2参照)。 For example, by ingesting milk-derived antibodies by humans and animals, it is effective in treating and preventing diseases caused by bacteria and viruses that cause diseases in the digestive tract, maintaining a healthy microbial balance in the digestive tract, It is reported that it is useful for health promotion (refer nonpatent literature 1). In addition, Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria are parasitic on the gastrointestinal tract, and when endotoxin (Endotoxin), which is a gram-negative bacterial cell component, moves into the body, endotoxin shock and serious pathological conditions such as thrombosis may occur. However, it has also been reported that by ingesting a milk-derived antibody prior to surgery, the antibody can detoxify endotoxin toxicity and prevent endotoxin-induced injury (Non-patent Document 2). reference).
成人では、消化管、呼吸器等の粘膜に分泌される抗体の合成速度は体重1kgあたり、24mg/日とされ(非特許文献3参照)、成人では毎日約1000mgが分泌されていることから、特に健康を害した人や高齢者においては、健康増進、病気回復のためにこの量の何割かを補う抗体の摂取が望ましい。 In adults, the synthesis rate of antibodies secreted into the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, respiratory organs, and the like is 24 mg / kg body weight (see Non-Patent Document 3), and in adults, about 1000 mg is secreted every day. In particular, for those who have suffered from health or the elderly, it is desirable to take antibodies that supplement some of this amount to promote health and recover from illness.
牛の生乳中には抗体が0.03〜0.71mg/ml含まれているが(非特許文献4参照)、殺菌工程中でそのほとんどが熱変性し、活性を失ってしまうため、通常、市販の牛乳中には未変性の抗体は残存していない。 The cow's raw milk contains 0.03-0.71 mg / ml of antibody (see Non-Patent Document 4), but most of it is heat-denatured during the sterilization process and loses its activity. There is no native antibody remaining in commercial milk.
現在、乳由来の抗体を摂取しようとするとき、いわゆる栄養補助食品として抗体を含有した錠剤、カプセル、粉末状の製品がある。しかし、錠剤やカプセルの製品は医薬品的に丸ごと飲み込むもので、嗜好的ではなく、また、一回の摂取量には限界がある。粉末状の乳清タンパクは水や牛乳等に懸濁させて摂取することが便利であるが、吸水性が悪くて、水や牛乳に添加しても「ままこ」状態になったり、かき混ぜるときに粉末が舞うなど、食品中における分散性が悪く、また、それら水や牛乳には乳清タンパクに起因するミルク臭や渋み、えぐみ、収れん味が多く残ってしまう。このように、主として抗体を摂取することを目的とする人々、特に高齢者やそれらの味に敏感な病人でも毎日おいしく手軽に摂取できるような乳清タンパクを用いた食品は未だ商品化されていない。 Currently, when trying to take milk-derived antibodies, there are tablets, capsules, and powdered products containing antibodies as so-called dietary supplements. However, pills and capsules are swallowed whole in the form of pharmaceuticals, and are unpreferable, and there is a limit to the amount that can be taken once. Powdered whey protein is convenient to ingest in suspension in water or milk, etc., but it has poor water absorbency, and when added to water or milk, it becomes a “mushroom” state or is stirred Dispersibility in foods is poor, such as powder fluttering, and water and milk leave a lot of milky odor, astringency, gummy, and astringent taste due to whey protein. In this way, foods using whey protein that can be easily and easily consumed every day by people who mainly aim to take antibodies, especially elderly people and sick people who are sensitive to their taste, have not yet been commercialized. .
ミルク臭の低減化方法については、例えば、特許文献1においては、粉乳類或いは粉乳類から調製される飲食物の風味改良のためにジヒドロカルコン類を添加する方法、特許文献2、3においてはリン酸化糖、リン酸化オリゴ糖或いはそれらのミネラル化合物を添加して乳、粉乳を含む食品の乳感を向上させる方法、特許文献4においては乳類を含む飲食物の味質改善のためにβ−グルコシルオリゴ糖を添加する方法、特許文献5においては乳又は動物性タンパク質の臭気抑制のためにクロロゲン酸を添加する方法が提案されているが、これらはミルク臭を低減させたり、牛乳と近い風味に改善させたりするものであり、乳清タンパクを多量に含む食品の風味に関するものではないし、またよりおいしく、摂りやすくしようとする観点ではない。 Regarding the method for reducing milk odor, for example, in Patent Document 1, a method of adding dihydrochalcones to improve the flavor of foods and drinks prepared from powdered milk or milk powder, and in Patent Documents 2 and 3, phosphorus is used. A method for improving the milky feeling of foods including milk and powdered milk by adding oxidized sugars, phosphorylated oligosaccharides or mineral compounds thereof. In Patent Document 4, β- is used to improve the taste of foods and drinks including milk. In the method of adding glucosyl oligosaccharide, Patent Document 5 proposes a method of adding chlorogenic acid in order to suppress the odor of milk or animal protein. These methods reduce milk odor or have a flavor similar to that of milk. It does not relate to the flavor of foods that contain a large amount of whey protein, nor is it intended to be more delicious and easier to take. .
また、渋味を低減する方法としては、α−結合ガラクトオリゴ糖を添加することが提案されている(特許文献6)が、これは果汁、コーヒー、ビールの渋味、苦味の低減を主としたものであり、乳清タンパク由来の渋味については触れられていない。
本発明は、若年層から高齢者までが受入れられるように乳清タンパクの持つミルク臭や渋み、えぐみ、収れん味を低減させて風味を改善し、また、吸水性、分散性を改善して食品に混合したときの「ままこ」状態を短時間で解消でき、混ぜやすく食べやすい乳清タンパク食品を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention improves the flavor by reducing the milky smell, astringency, gummy, astringent taste of whey protein so that it can be accepted by young people to the elderly, and also improves water absorption and dispersibility. It is an object of the present invention to provide a whey protein food that can eliminate the “mamako” state when mixed with food in a short time and is easy to mix and eat.
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために鋭意研究の結果、オリゴ糖等の糖質を乳清タンパクに添加することにより、乳清タンパクの持つミルク臭や渋み、えぐみ、収れん味が低減するとともに、吸水性が向上し、水や牛乳、トマトジュース等の液状食品やヨーグルト等のペースト状食品に混合したときの「ままこ」状態が短時間で解消され、さらに、乳清タンパクを顆粒状にすることで、より吸水性、分散性が向上することをも見出し、本発明に到達した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have added whey proteins such as oligosaccharides to whey protein so that whey protein has milk odor, astringency, gummy, astringent taste. In addition to a reduction in water absorption, the “mamoko” state when mixed with liquid foods such as water, milk, tomato juice, and pasty foods such as yogurt can be eliminated in a short time. It has also been found that the water absorption and dispersibility are improved by making it into granules, and the present invention has been achieved.
すなわち、本発明は、下記のとおりである。
1)乳清タンパクと、乳清タンパク100質量部に対して5〜1000質量部の糖質を含有することを特徴とする乳清タンパク食品、
2)糖質が一種または二種以上の難消化性糖類である前記1)に記載の乳清タンパク食品、
3)難消化性糖類がフラクトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖(ラクトスクロース)、ラクチュロース、イソマルトオリゴ糖、α−ガラクトシル結合を含まないガラクトオリゴ糖から選ばれる前記2)に記載の乳清タンパク食品、
4)形状が顆粒状である前記1)〜3)のいずれか1項に記載の乳清タンパク食品、
5)乳清タンパクが顆粒状であり、糖質が粉末である前記1)〜3)のいずれか1項に記載の乳清タンパク食品。
6)乳清タンパク100質量部に対して、糖質が30質量部以上である前記5)に記載の乳清タンパク食品。
7)乳由来の抗体の含有量が5mg/g以上であることを前記1)〜6)のいずれか1項に記載の乳清タンパク食品、
8)乳由来の抗体の含有量が10mg/g以上であることを特徴とする前記1)〜7)のいずれか1項に記載の乳清タンパク食品、
9)乳由来の抗体の含有量が50mg/g以上であることを特徴とする前記1)〜8)のいずれか1項に記載の乳清タンパク食品。
That is, the present invention is as follows.
1) A whey protein food comprising whey protein and 5-1000 parts by mass of a saccharide with respect to 100 parts by mass of whey protein,
2) The whey protein food according to 1) above, wherein the carbohydrate is one or more indigestible saccharides,
3) The whey protein food according to 2) above, wherein the indigestible saccharide is selected from fructooligosaccharides, dairy oligosaccharides (lactosucrose), lactulose, isomaltoligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides not containing α-galactosyl bonds,
4) The whey protein food according to any one of 1) to 3), wherein the shape is granular.
5) The whey protein food according to any one of 1) to 3) above, wherein the whey protein is granular and the carbohydrate is powder.
6) The whey protein food according to 5) above, wherein the carbohydrate is 30 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of whey protein.
7) The whey protein food according to any one of 1) to 6) above, wherein the content of the milk-derived antibody is 5 mg / g or more,
8) The whey protein food according to any one of 1) to 7) above, wherein the content of the antibody derived from milk is 10 mg / g or more,
9) The whey protein food according to any one of 1) to 8) above, wherein the content of the antibody derived from milk is 50 mg / g or more.
請求項1記載の発明によれば、乳清タンパクと糖質を混合することで、乳清タンパクの持つミルク臭や渋み、えぐみ、収れん味が低減して風味が改善され、さらには乳清タンパクをよりおいしくし、液状食品やペースト状食品に混合したときの吸水性を改善して混ぜやすくすることができる。請求項2記載の発明によれば、添加する糖質を難消化性糖類とすることで、抗体の持つ免疫賦活機能と難消化性糖類の持つ生理的機能の相乗効果が期待できる。請求項3記載の発明によれば風味がより顕著に改善される。請求項4記載の発明によれば、糖質を含有する乳清タンパク食品を顆粒状にすることにより、吸水性が一段と向上し、液状食品やペースト状食品と混合することがさらに容易となり、食べやすくなる。請求項5記載の発明によれば、乳清タンパクを顆粒状とし、これに粉末の糖質を添加することにより、吸水性がさらに向上し、粉末が分散しにくい牛乳等にも容易に分散するようになる。請求項6記載の発明によれば、より分散性の優れた易溶性の乳清タンパク食品とすることができる。請求項7記載の発明によれば、乳由来の抗体の含有量を5mg/g以上とすることで、該抗体の持つ免疫賦活機能を充分に得ることができる。請求項8記載の発明によれば、乳由来の抗体の含有量を10mg/g以上とすることで、該抗体の持つ免疫賦活機能をより充分に得ることができる。請求項9記載の発明によれば、乳由来の抗体の含有量を50mg/g以上とすることで、該抗体の持つ免疫賦活機能をさらに、より充分に得ることができる。 According to the invention described in claim 1, by mixing whey protein and carbohydrate, milk odor, astringency, gummy and astringent taste of whey protein are reduced, and the taste is improved. It can make protein more delicious and improve water absorption when mixed into liquid food or pasty food, making it easier to mix. According to invention of Claim 2, the synergistic effect of the immunostimulatory function which an antibody has and the physiological function which an indigestible saccharide has can be anticipated by making the saccharide | sugar to add into a hardly digestible saccharide. According to the invention of claim 3, the flavor is more remarkably improved. According to the invention described in claim 4, by making the whey protein food containing saccharides into granules, the water absorption is further improved, and it becomes easier to mix with liquid foods and pasty foods. It becomes easy. According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the whey protein is granulated, and powdered saccharide is added thereto, whereby the water absorption is further improved and the powder is easily dispersed in milk and the like in which the powder is difficult to disperse. It becomes like this. According to invention of Claim 6, it can be set as the easily soluble whey protein foodstuff which was excellent in the dispersibility. According to the invention described in claim 7, by setting the content of the milk-derived antibody to 5 mg / g or more, the immunostimulatory function of the antibody can be sufficiently obtained. According to the invention described in claim 8, by setting the content of the milk-derived antibody to 10 mg / g or more, the immunostimulatory function of the antibody can be obtained more sufficiently. According to the invention described in claim 9, by setting the content of the milk-derived antibody to 50 mg / g or more, the immunostimulatory function of the antibody can be obtained more sufficiently.
乳清タンパクは一般に、チーズホエー、酸ホエー等の乳清から分離(分画)して得られた乳清タンパク溶液を乾燥させて製造されるが、本発明における乳清タンパクとしては、いずれの乳清から分画されたものでもよい。また、乳清から乳清タンパクを分画する方法にも制限はない。乳糖を結晶化させ除去させる方法のほか、例えば、マイクロフィルタレーション法、クロスフローマイクロフィルタレーション法、イオン交換法、限外濾過法、その他いずれの方法によるものでも使用できる。乳清の原料となる乳は牛、ヤギ、ヒツジ、馬、水牛等いずれの哺乳動物の乳でもよく、また、その乳はワクチン接種を受けた哺乳動物から採取された乳でも、ワクチン接種を受けていない哺乳動物から採取された乳でもよい。 In general, whey protein is produced by drying a whey protein solution obtained by separating (fractionating) from whey such as cheese whey and acid whey. As the whey protein in the present invention, It may be fractionated from whey. Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in the method of fractionating whey protein from whey. In addition to the method of crystallizing and removing lactose, for example, a microfiltration method, a crossflow microfiltration method, an ion exchange method, an ultrafiltration method, or any other method can be used. Milk used as the raw material for whey may be milk from any mammal such as cows, goats, sheep, horses, buffalos, etc., and the milk collected from vaccinated mammals may also be vaccinated. It may be milk collected from non-mammals.
乳清タンパクとして、市販の乳清タンパクを用いることができる。これらの乳清タンパクとして、ホエータンパク濃縮物(WPC)、ホエータンパク単離物(WPI)、脱塩ホエー粉等を挙げることができる。 A commercially available whey protein can be used as the whey protein. Examples of these whey proteins include whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and desalted whey powder.
乳清タンパク中には生乳の含有する抗体が残存しており、前記市販の乳清タンパクのなかでも抗体が失活しないような温度履歴で乾燥された乾燥粉末中には抗体が濃縮されて含有されるので、それらを抗体のよい補給源として利用することができる。 The antibody contained in raw milk remains in the whey protein, and the antibody is concentrated and contained in the dry powder dried at a temperature history that does not deactivate the antibody among the above-mentioned commercially available whey proteins. As such, they can be used as a good source of antibody.
本発明に用いる糖質は、後述する難消化性糖類の他、ブドウ糖、果糖、ショ糖、異性化糖、デキストリン等、食品として使用できる糖質であれば、いずれを用いてもよい。デキストリンは様々なDE("Dextrose Equivalent)値のものが市販されているが、いずれも用いることができ、シクロデキストリンやクラスターデキストリンを用いることもできる。これらの糖質は一種または二種以上を併用することもできる。糖質を含有することにより、乳清タンパクのミルク臭や渋み、えぐみ、収れん味を低減させ、吸水性を向上させて乳清タンパク食品を液体食品やペースト状食品に混合したときの分散性を改善することができる。 As the saccharide used in the present invention, any saccharide that can be used as food, such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, isomerized sugar, dextrin, etc., may be used in addition to the indigestible saccharide described later. Dextrins with various DE ("Dextrose Equivalent" values are commercially available, but any of them can be used, and cyclodextrin and cluster dextrin can be used. These carbohydrates are used alone or in combination of two or more. Mixing whey protein foods with liquid foods and pasty foods by containing saccharides, reducing milk odor, astringency, gummy and astringent taste of whey proteins and improving water absorption The dispersibility can be improved.
難消化性糖類としては、食品として使用できる難消化性糖類であれば、いずれの糖類も用いることができる。例えば、フラクトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖(ラクトスクロース)、ラクチュロース、イソマルトオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖、ガラクトオリゴ糖、大豆オリゴ糖、キシロオリゴ糖、ラフィノース、パラチノースオリゴ糖、ニゲロオリゴ糖、ゲンチオオリゴ糖、トレハロース、カップリングシュガー、ペクチンオリゴ糖、アルギン酸オリゴ糖、グアーガムオリゴ糖、シクロデキストリン等のオリゴ糖;ソルビトール、マルチトール、エリスリトール、還元パラチノース、ラクチトール、マンニトール、キシリトール等の糖アルコール;イヌリン;難消化性デキストリン;レジスタントスターチ;アルギン酸;ポリデキストロース;アラビノキシラン;プルラン;カードラン等を挙げることができる。これらの糖質は通常の市販されているものを用いることができる。本発明において難消化性糖類とは、体内の消化酵素で消化されにくい糖類をいうので、脂溶性の物質や、ゼイン、グリアジン等のプロミランで被覆された易消化性糖類も、ここでいう難消化性糖類として用いることができる。 As the indigestible saccharide, any saccharide can be used as long as it is an indigestible saccharide that can be used as food. For example, fructooligosaccharides, dairy oligosaccharides (lactosucrose), lactulose, isomalto-oligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, raffinose, palatinose oligosaccharides, nigerooligosaccharides, gentio-oligosaccharides, trehalose, coupling Sugar, pectin oligosaccharide, alginate oligosaccharide, guar gum oligosaccharide, cyclodextrin oligosaccharide; sorbitol, maltitol, erythritol, reduced palatinose, lactitol, mannitol, xylitol, etc. sugar alcohol; inulin; indigestible dextrin; Starch; alginic acid; polydextrose; arabinoxylan; pullulan; curdlan. These carbohydrates can be those that are usually commercially available. In the present invention, the indigestible saccharide refers to a saccharide that is difficult to be digested by digestive enzymes in the body. Therefore, an easily digestible saccharide coated with a fat-soluble substance or promilan such as zein or gliadin is also referred to herein as indigestible. It can be used as a sex sugar.
難消化性糖類は腸内ビフィズス菌の増殖因子となり、そのビフィズス菌が消化管免疫系に作用して能動免疫を活性化させる。一方、乳清タンパク中の抗体は受身免疫を増強させるため、難消化性糖類と乳清タンパクを共に摂取することにより、能動免疫と受身免疫が共に賦活され、強い免疫賦活作用が期待できる。また、難消化性糖類は整腸作用、ミネラル吸収促進作用、抗う蝕作用、血中コレステロール上昇抑制作用、肝機能改善作用等の機能を持つものもあるので、乳清タンパクの風味および吸水性の改善、免疫賦活作用と併せて、それらの作用の相乗効果が期待できる。 Indigestible saccharides act as growth factors for intestinal bifidobacteria, which act on the digestive tract immune system and activate active immunity. On the other hand, since the antibody in whey protein enhances passive immunity, both active immunity and passive immunity are activated by ingesting both indigestible saccharides and whey protein, and a strong immunostimulatory effect can be expected. Indigestible saccharides also have functions such as intestinal regulation, mineral absorption promotion, anti-cariogenic, blood cholesterol elevation suppression, and liver function improvement. Along with the improvement and immunostimulatory action, a synergistic effect of these actions can be expected.
難消化性糖類のなかでも、フラクトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖(ラクトスクロース)、ラクチュロース、イソマルトオリゴ糖、α−ガラクトシル結合を含まないガラクトオリゴ糖は風味の改善に優れており、好ましい。特に、α−ガラクトシル結合を含まないガラクトオリゴ糖は他のオリゴ糖よりも少量で風味の改善効果がみられる。 Among the indigestible saccharides, fructooligosaccharides, dairy oligosaccharides (lactosucrose), lactulose, isomalto-oligosaccharides, and galacto-oligosaccharides containing no α-galactosyl bond are excellent in flavor and are preferred. In particular, galactooligosaccharides that do not contain an α-galactosyl bond show a flavor improvement effect in a smaller amount than other oligosaccharides.
本発明の乳清タンパク食品において、これらの糖類は、乳清タンパク100質量部に対して、5〜1000質量部であることが好ましい。さらに好ましくは5〜900質量部である。糖類の含有量が5質量部未満では乳清タンパクの持つミルク臭や渋み、収れん味の低減効果および吸水性の改善効果が不十分である。一方、1000質量部を超えると乳清タンパクの含有割合が少なくなり、乳清タンパク食品中の抗体含量が低下するので、乳清タンパクを摂取する目的が達成されにくくなり、好ましくない。 In the whey protein food of the present invention, these saccharides are preferably 5 to 1000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of whey protein. More preferably, it is 5-900 mass parts. When the saccharide content is less than 5 parts by mass, the milk odor and astringency of the whey protein, the astringent taste reducing effect, and the water absorption improving effect are insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 1000 parts by mass, the whey protein content is decreased, and the antibody content in the whey protein food is reduced, which makes it difficult to achieve the purpose of ingesting whey protein.
本発明の乳清タンパク食品は、粉末状の乳清タンパクに糖質を添加し混合することによって製造することもできる。また、乳清から分画された乳清タンパク溶液に、前記糖質類を添加して、乾燥・粉末化する方法により製造することができる。糖質を添加した乳清タンパク溶液を乾燥する方法には制限はなく、例えば、噴霧乾燥法、凍結乾燥法等の方法によることができる。 The whey protein food of the present invention can also be produced by adding a saccharide to powdered whey protein and mixing them. Moreover, it can manufacture by the method of adding the said carbohydrates to the whey protein solution fractionated from whey, and drying and powdering. There is no restriction | limiting in the method of drying the whey protein solution which added saccharide | sugar, For example, it can be based on methods, such as a spray-drying method and a freeze-drying method.
本発明の乳清タンパク食品は、その形状を顆粒状とすると、乳清タンパクの吸水性をさらに向上させることができ、他の食品との混合が容易となる。乳清タンパクは吸水性が悪いため、単独で水、牛乳等に添加すると「ままこ」状態になりやすい。しかし、前記オリゴ糖等の糖質を含有する乳清タンパク食品は吸水性が改善され、さらに、顆粒状にすると、吸水性がさらに改善され、分散性が改善されるので、水、牛乳、トマトジュース、ヨーグルト等の他の食品に添加しても、「ままこ」にならず、容易に混合することのできるものとなる。 When the whey protein food of the present invention is granulated, the water absorption of whey protein can be further improved, and mixing with other foods becomes easy. Since whey protein has poor water absorption, it tends to be in a “mamako” state when added to water, milk, etc. alone. However, whey protein foods containing carbohydrates such as oligosaccharides have improved water absorption, and when granulated, water absorption is further improved and dispersibility is improved, so water, milk, tomato Even if it is added to other foods such as juice and yoghurt, it does not become “mamako” and can be easily mixed.
本発明の乳清タンパク食品は、乳清タンパクを顆粒状とし、これに前述の糖質を粉末状で添加することができる。これにより、乳清タンパク食品の吸水性はさらに向上し、他の食品との混合が容易となる。特に乳清タンパクの粉末が分散しにくい牛乳等に添加しても、速やかに混合できるものとなる。顆粒は、その粒径に制限されないが、一般に、平均粒径0.02〜2mm程度であることが好ましい。糖質は顆粒状の乳清タンパク100質量部に対して30質量部以上であると吸水性に優れた乳清タンパク食品が得られ、好ましい。糖質が多くなると、顆粒状の乳清タンパクの特性が損なわれていくため、糖質は300質量部以下が適当である。 In the whey protein food of the present invention, whey protein can be granulated, and the aforementioned carbohydrates can be added in powder form to this. Thereby, the water absorption of whey protein food further improves and mixing with other food becomes easy. In particular, even when the whey protein powder is added to milk that is difficult to disperse, it can be quickly mixed. The granule is not limited by its particle size, but it is generally preferable that the granule has an average particle size of about 0.02 to 2 mm. It is preferable that the carbohydrate is 30 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of granular whey protein because a whey protein food excellent in water absorption is obtained. As the amount of carbohydrate increases, the characteristics of the granular whey protein are impaired. Therefore, the amount of carbohydrate is suitably 300 parts by mass or less.
顆粒化は噴霧造粒法、押出し造粒法等の通常の方法で行うことができる。前記オリゴ糖等の糖質は、乳清タンパク食品の顆粒化に際してのバインダーになると考えられるが、バインダーとしてCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース)等を添加しても良い。顆粒化においては、品温が70℃より高くならない条件で顆粒化することが望ましい。品温が70℃を超えると乳清タンパク中の抗体が失活する場合がある。品温が70℃を超えなければ、処理量、送風温度、送風量等は適切な条件を設定すればよい。乳清タンパクの顆粒化においても同様である。 Granulation can be performed by usual methods such as spray granulation and extrusion granulation. Carbohydrates such as oligosaccharides are considered to be binders when granulating whey protein foods, but CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) or the like may be added as binders. In granulation, it is desirable to granulate under conditions where the product temperature does not rise above 70 ° C. When the product temperature exceeds 70 ° C., the antibody in the whey protein may be inactivated. If the product temperature does not exceed 70 ° C., the processing amount, blowing temperature, blowing amount, etc. may be set appropriately. The same applies to the granulation of whey protein.
本発明の乳清タンパク食品は、その1g中に、乳由来の抗体を5mg以上含有すると、該抗体の免疫賦活機能が期待できるので、好ましい。さらには、乳由来の抗体を10mg以上含有すると、該抗体の免疫賦活機能がより期待できるのでさらに好ましく、50mg以上含有すると特に好ましい。好ましい抗体含有量は乳清タンパク食品1g中に、5〜500mg、さらに好ましくは10〜500mg、特に好ましくは50〜500mgである。 When the whey protein food of the present invention contains 5 mg or more of a milk-derived antibody in 1 g thereof, the immunostimulatory function of the antibody can be expected, which is preferable. Furthermore, when containing 10 mg or more of milk-derived antibody, the immunostimulatory function of the antibody can be further expected, and it is more preferable when containing 50 mg or more. The preferable antibody content is 5 to 500 mg, more preferably 10 to 500 mg, and particularly preferably 50 to 500 mg per 1 g of whey protein food.
また、本発明の乳清タンパク食品は、高甘度甘味料、酸味料、香料、乳化剤、増粘多糖類等の通常、食品に添加される食品添加物原料を含有することができる。 In addition, the whey protein food of the present invention can contain food additive raw materials that are usually added to food such as high-intensity sweeteners, acidulants, fragrances, emulsifiers, thickening polysaccharides and the like.
本発明の乳清タンパク食品は、乳清タンパクの持つミルク臭と渋み、えぐみ、収れん味を消し去ることで風味を改良し、よりおいしく、摂りやすいものとなる。また、他の食品に添加するとき、乳清タンパク単独の粉末に比べ、吸水性のよいものとなる。さらに、その形状を顆粒状とすると、吸水性がさらに向上し、また、顆粒状の乳清タンパクと粉末の糖質を混合することで、より大きく吸水性が向上し、液状食品やペースト状食品との混合が容易となる。また、乳清タンパク食品に含有する糖質として難消化性糖質を用いると腸内ビフィズス菌の増殖因子となり、難う蝕、低カロリー、整腸作用などの生理的機能を有するので、本発明の乳清タンパク食品はこれらの生理的機能も奏することができる。 The whey protein food of the present invention improves the flavor by erasing the milky odor and astringency, gummy, and astringent taste of whey protein, making it more delicious and easy to take. In addition, when added to other foods, it has better water absorption than the powder of whey protein alone. Furthermore, when the shape is granulated, the water absorption is further improved, and by mixing granular whey protein and powdered saccharide, the water absorption is further improved, and liquid food and pasty food It becomes easy to mix with. In addition, when an indigestible saccharide is used as a saccharide contained in whey protein foods, it becomes a growth factor of intestinal bifidobacteria and has physiological functions such as difficult caries, low calories, and intestinal regulation. Whey protein foods can also exhibit these physiological functions.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はそれらに限定されるものではない。実施例中、抗体量の測定は次の方法によった。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the examples, the amount of antibody was measured by the following method.
(抗体量の測定法)
乳清タンパクあるいは抗体含有顆粒化乳清タンパク食品を100mg取り、50mlの50mMリン酸緩衝液(pH6.8)に溶解し、2時間以上撹拌してから、その10ml以上を0.45μメンブランフィルターでろ過した。
一方、プロテインGカラム(Amersham、HiTrap Protein G HP 1ml)を50mMリン酸緩衝液(pH6.8)で平衡化し、メンブランフィルターでろ過した試料10mlをカラムに流し、同緩衝液(pH6.8)で洗浄後、100mMグリシン塩酸緩衝液(pH2.7)で抗体を溶出させた。
溶出液の280nmの吸光度を測定し、抗体濃度1%のときの吸光度を14として試料中の抗体濃度を換算し、それから、乳清タンパクあるいは抗体含有顆粒化乳清タンパク食品中の抗体量を計算した。
(Measurement method of antibody amount)
Take 100 mg of whey protein or antibody-containing granulated whey protein food, dissolve in 50 ml of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), stir for 2 hours or more, and then add 10 ml or more with a 0.45 μ membrane filter. Filtered.
On the other hand, a protein G column (Amersham, HiTrap Protein G HP 1 ml) was equilibrated with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and 10 ml of a sample filtered through a membrane filter was passed through the column, and the buffer (pH 6.8) was used. After washing, the antibody was eluted with 100 mM glycine hydrochloride buffer (pH 2.7).
Measure the absorbance at 280 nm of the eluate, convert the antibody concentration in the sample to 14 when the antibody concentration is 1%, and then calculate the amount of antibody in the whey protein or antibody-containing granulated whey protein food did.
[参考例1](乳清タンパク中の抗体含量の測定)
前記測定法に従い、市販の乳清タンパク中の抗体含量を測定したところ、ミラクテール80(森永乳業(株))、TATUA902(タツアジャパン(株))、Proliant8000(James Farrell & Co.)はそれぞれ50mg/g、42mg/g、55mg/gであった。
[Reference Example 1] (Measurement of antibody content in whey protein)
When the antibody content in commercially available whey protein was measured according to the measurement method, Miractail 80 (Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.), TATUA902 (Tatsua Japan Co., Ltd.), and Proliant 8000 (James Farrell & Co.) were each 50 mg / kg. g, 42 mg / g, 55 mg / g.
[実施例1〜5]
下記表1に示す配合(数字は質量比)で5種類の乳清タンパク食品を作製し、その1g中の抗体含有量(mg)を測定した。表1中、Proliant(登録商標) 8000は乳清タンパク(WPC,James Farrell & Co.製)、メイオリゴ(登録商標)Pはフラクトオリゴ糖(明治製菓(株)製)、オリゴメイト(登録商標)55Pはα−ガラクトシル結合を含まないガラクトオリゴ糖(ヤクルト薬品工業(株)製)、乳果オリゴ(登録商標)LS−55Pは乳果オリゴ糖(塩水港精糖(株)製)、ミルクオリゴはラクチュロース(森永乳業(株)製)、イソマルト(登録商標)900Pはイソマルトオリゴ糖(日研化成(株)製)である。
[Examples 1 to 5]
Five types of whey protein foods were prepared with the formulation shown in Table 1 below (numbers are mass ratios), and the antibody content (mg) in 1 g thereof was measured. In Table 1, Proliant (registered trademark) 8000 is whey protein (WPC, manufactured by James Farrell & Co.), Mayoligo (registered trademark) P is fructo-oligosaccharide (manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.), Oligomate (registered trademark) 55P Is a galactooligosaccharide that does not contain an α-galactosyl bond (manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), a dairy oligo (registered trademark) LS-55P is a dairy oligosaccharide (manufactured by Shimizu Minato Sugar Co., Ltd.), and a milk oligo is lactulose ( Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.) and Isomalt (registered trademark) 900P are isomalt-oligosaccharides (Niken Kasei Co., Ltd.).
(表1)
比較例 実施例1 実施例2 実施例3 実施例4 実施例5
Proliant 8000 100 95 90 80 50 10
メイオリゴP − 5 − − − −
オリゴメイト55P − − 10 − − −
乳果オリゴLS-55P − − − 20 − −
ミルクオリゴ − − − − 50 −
イソマルト900P − − − − − 90
(Table 1)
Comparative Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
Proliant 8000 100 95 90 80 50 10
Mayoligo P − 5 − − − −
Oligomate 55P − − 10 − − −
Whey oligo LS-55P − − − 20 − −
Milk oligo − − − − 50 −
Isomalt 900P − − − − − 90
(風味改善の評価)
作製した各乳清タンパク食品10質量部を、市販のプレーンヨーグルト90質量部に添加し、均一にしたものについて、また、市販の超高温殺菌牛乳(以下、「牛乳」と略記する)90質量部に添加し、均一にしたものについて、10名の専門パネラーにより5段階(1:悪い、2:やや悪い、3:普通、4:やや良い、5:良い)で官能評価してもらい、その平均値を求めた。その平均点を表2に示す。実施例はいずれも高得点で、すなわち、5種類の乳清タンパク食品はいずれも乳清タンパクの風味を改善していた。
(Evaluation of flavor improvement)
10 parts by weight of each prepared whey protein food is added to 90 parts by weight of commercially available plain yogurt, and about 90 parts by weight of commercially available ultra-high temperature pasteurized milk (hereinafter abbreviated as “milk”). The average of the ingredients that were added and made uniform by 10 expert panelists in 5 stages (1: bad, 2: somewhat bad, 3: normal, 4: slightly good, 5: good) The value was determined. The average points are shown in Table 2. The examples all had high scores, that is, all of the five types of whey protein foods improved the whey protein flavor.
(表2)
比較例 実施例1 実施例2 実施例3 実施例4 実施例5
ヨーグルトの風味 1.2 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6
牛乳の風味 1.1 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4
(Table 2)
Comparative Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
Yogurt flavor 1.2 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6
Milk flavor 1.1 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4
なお、本実施例において、フラクトオリゴ糖、乳果オリゴ糖(ラクトスクロース)、ラクチュロース、イソマルトオリゴ糖、α−ガラクトシル結合を含まないガラクトオリゴ糖が添加された乳清タンパク食品は、食するためにヨーグルトに加えたところ、いずれも乳清タンパク単独の粉末に比べて「ままこ」ができにくく、吸水性が改善されており、分散性が良好であった。 In this example, whey protein foods to which fructooligosaccharides, dairy oligosaccharides (lactosucrose), lactulose, isomaltoligosaccharides, and galactooligosaccharides not containing α-galactosyl bonds were added to yogurt to eat. In addition, in all cases, it was difficult to “mamako” compared to the powder of whey protein alone, the water absorption was improved, and the dispersibility was good.
[実施例6〜8]
実施例1、実施例2、実施例3で示した配合の乳清タンパク食品を、流動層造粒機で品温が65℃達温になるように調製して造粒し、顆粒状の乳清タンパク食品とした。この顆粒状の乳清タンパク食品は、その10質量部を牛乳90質量部に加えたところ、極めて速やかに吸水し牛乳中に沈降し、分散させることができた。
[Examples 6 to 8]
Whey protein foods of the formulation shown in Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 were prepared and granulated with a fluid bed granulator so that the product temperature reached 65 ° C., and granulated milk A purified protein food was used. When 10 parts by mass of this granular whey protein food product was added to 90 parts by mass of milk, it was able to absorb water very quickly and settle and disperse in the milk.
[実施例9]
チーズホエー(タンパク含量0.6%)を濃縮し、結晶する乳糖を分離して、乳清タンパク溶液を得た。これに、固形分換算で、乳清タンパク100質量部に対して、10質量部のトレハ(登録商標)(林原商事(株)製トレハロース)を添加し、噴霧乾燥したところ、抗体含量が55mg/gの乳清タンパク食品の粉末が得られた。この乳清タンパク食品5gをトマトジュース100gに加えたところ、速やかに溶解し、275mgの抗体を含むトマトジュースが得られた。このトマトジュースの風味にミルク臭やえぐみ等は感じられなかった。
[Example 9]
Cheese whey (protein content 0.6%) was concentrated to separate the crystallized lactose to obtain a whey protein solution. To this, 10 parts by weight of Treha (registered trademark) (Trehalose manufactured by Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd.) was added to 100 parts by weight of whey protein in terms of solid content and spray-dried. g of whey protein food powder was obtained. When 5 g of this whey protein food was added to 100 g of tomato juice, it quickly dissolved and a tomato juice containing 275 mg of antibody was obtained. The flavor of this tomato juice was not felt, such as milk odor or sashimi.
[実施例10]
ミラクテール80、100質量部とイヌリン フジFF(フジ日本精糖(株)製)20質量部、ポリグルタミン酸(明治製菓(株)製)2質量部、コハク酸モノグリセリド1質量部とを混合し、流動層造粒機で品温が65℃達温になるように調製して造粒し、抗体含量が40mg/gの顆粒状の乳清タンパク食品を得た。この顆粒状の乳清タンパク食品5gを100gのヨーグルトに分散させたところ、速やかに均一になり、抗体200mgを含むヨーグルトが得られた。このヨーグルトの風味にえぐみ等は感じられなかった。
[Example 10]
Miractail 80, 100 parts by mass, Inulin Fuji FF (produced by Fuji Nippon Seika Co., Ltd.) 20 parts by mass, polyglutamic acid (produced by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.) 2 parts by mass, and succinic monoglyceride 1 part by mass are mixed. The product temperature was adjusted to 65 ° C. with a granulator and granulated to obtain a granular whey protein food having an antibody content of 40 mg / g. When 5 g of this granular whey protein food product was dispersed in 100 g of yogurt, it became uniform quickly and yogurt containing 200 mg of antibody was obtained. The taste of this yogurt was not felt.
[実施例11]
TATUA902、100質量部とエリスリトール5質量部とを混合し、流動層造粒機で品温が達温70℃になるように調製して造粒し、抗体含量が38mg/gの顆粒状の乳清タンパク食品を得た。この顆粒状の乳清タンパク食品5gをアイスコーヒー100gに加えたところ、速やかに溶解し、190mgの抗体を含むコーヒー飲料が得られた。このコーヒー飲料の風味にえぐみ等は感じられなかった。
[Example 11]
TATUA 902, 100 parts by mass and erythritol 5 parts by mass are mixed and granulated with a fluid bed granulator so that the product temperature reaches 70 ° C., and granulated milk with an antibody content of 38 mg / g A protein protein food was obtained. When 5 g of this granular whey protein food product was added to 100 g of iced coffee, it quickly dissolved and a coffee beverage containing 190 mg of antibody was obtained. The taste of this coffee drink was not felt.
[実施例12]
Proliant8000、100質量部とメイオリゴ(登録商標)CR(明治製菓(株)製フラクトオリゴ糖)、1000質量部とを混合し、抗体含量が5mg/gの乳清タンパク食品が得られた。この乳清タンパク食品5gを100gの豆乳に分散させたところ、速やかに均一になり、抗体25mgを含む豆乳飲料が得られた。この豆乳飲料の風味にミルク臭やえぐみ等は感じられなかった。
[Example 12]
Proliant 8000, 100 parts by mass, Mayoligo (registered trademark) CR (Fructooligosaccharide manufactured by Meiji Seika Co., Ltd.) and 1000 parts by mass were mixed to obtain a whey protein food having an antibody content of 5 mg / g. When 5 g of this whey protein food was dispersed in 100 g of soy milk, it became uniform quickly and a soy milk drink containing 25 mg of antibody was obtained. The flavor of this soymilk drink did not give a milky odor or sashimi.
[実施例13〜20、比較例2]
以下の実施例中、吸水性の測定は次の方法によった。
(吸水性の測定法)
5℃の牛乳を100mlガラスビーカーに入れ、マグネチックスターラー(アドバンテック社製SR200)を用いて、目盛3で撹拌しながら試料を乳清タンパクとして2.5gとなるように添加し、試料添加後から試料が均一に分散するまでの時間を測定した。
[Examples 13 to 20, Comparative Example 2]
In the following examples, water absorption was measured by the following method.
(Measurement method of water absorption)
Put milk at 5 ° C in a 100 ml glass beaker and add the sample to 2.5 g as whey protein while stirring on scale 3 using a magnetic stirrer (SR200 manufactured by Advantech). The time until the sample was uniformly dispersed was measured.
下記表3に示す配合(数値は質量比)で5種類の乳清タンパク食品を作製した。表3中、WPC顆粒はProliant8000を噴霧造粒法にて顆粒状(平均粒径0.2mm程度)として用いた。得られた乳清タンパク食品および実施例6〜8で用いた顆粒状(平均粒径0.2mm程度)の乳清タンパク食品(実施例18〜20)について、それぞれの吸水性を、上記方法にしたがって測定した。表4、5にその結果を示す。 Five types of whey protein foods were prepared with the formulations shown in Table 3 below (numerical values are mass ratios). In Table 3, WPC granules used Proliant 8000 as granules (average particle size of about 0.2 mm) by spray granulation. About the obtained whey protein food and the whey protein food (Examples 18-20) of the granular form (average particle diameter of about 0.2 mm) used in Examples 6-8, each water absorption was made into the said method. Therefore, it was measured. Tables 4 and 5 show the results.
(表3)
比較例2 実施例13 実施例14 実施例15 実施例16 実施例17
WPC顆粒 100 76 50 25 50 50
メイオリゴP - 24 50 75 - -
オリゴメイト55P - - - - 50 -
ショ糖 - - - - - 50
(Table 3)
Comparative Example 2 Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Example 16 Example 17
WPC granules 100 76 50 25 50 50
Mayoligo P-24 50 75--
Oligomate 55P----50-
Sucrose-----50
(表4)
比較例2 実施例13 実施例14 実施例15 実施例16
分散時間(分'秒) 30'00 4'20 3'30 2'50 3'50
(Table 4)
Comparative Example 2 Example 13 Example 14 Example 15 Example 16
Dispersion time (min 'sec) 30'00 4'20 3'30 2'50 3'50
(表5)
実施例17 実施例18 実施例19 実施例20
分散時間(分'秒) 7'00 10'20 9'50 9'00
(Table 5)
Example 17 Example 18 Example 19 Example 20
Dispersion time (min 'sec) 7'00 10'20 9'50 9'00
表4,5に示すとおり、WPC顆粒に粉末の糖類を添加することにより、WPCのみの顆粒、及びWPCと糖質を混合し顆粒としたものよりも、より吸水性の改善が見られた。
As shown in Tables 4 and 5, by adding powdered saccharides to the WPC granules, the improvement in water absorption was observed more than the granules containing only WPC and those obtained by mixing WPC and sugar.
Claims (9)
The whey protein food product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the content of the antibody derived from milk is 50 mg / g or more.
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JP2005236072A JP2006149371A (en) | 2004-08-24 | 2005-08-16 | Whey protein food |
EP09178187A EP2177229A3 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | Functional composition or food comprising whey protein, antibody derived from milk or antibody |
CN2005800325638A CN101052418B (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | Use of bacterial endotoxin antibody in preparing medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis |
EP05788363A EP1795204A4 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | Functional composition or food containing whey protein, antibody derived from milk, or antibody |
KR1020077001297A KR101233648B1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | Functional composition or food containing whey protein, antibody derived from milk, or antibody |
PCT/JP2005/018249 WO2006035979A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | Functional composition or food containing whey protein, antibody derived from milk, or antibody |
US11/663,248 US20070207187A1 (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | Functional Composition Or Food Comprising Whey Protein, Antibody Derived From Milk Or Antibody |
TW094133532A TW200616546A (en) | 2004-09-29 | 2005-09-27 | A function composition or food containing a whey protein, an antibody from milk or an antibody |
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