JP2006123890A - Rolling bearing device and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Rolling bearing device and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP2006123890A
JP2006123890A JP2005275674A JP2005275674A JP2006123890A JP 2006123890 A JP2006123890 A JP 2006123890A JP 2005275674 A JP2005275674 A JP 2005275674A JP 2005275674 A JP2005275674 A JP 2005275674A JP 2006123890 A JP2006123890 A JP 2006123890A
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flange portion
forging
rolling
rolling bearing
bearing device
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JP4752420B2 (en
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Shigetaka Ashida
重孝 芦田
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64Special methods of manufacture
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F16C19/186Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/02Wheel hubs or castors

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rolling bearing device having a flange part which is reduced in weight while ensuring the strength, and its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The rolling bearing device has a bearing ring member 2 with a flange part 4 integrated therewith by the forging. The flange part 4 is cold-forged so that the reduction ratio (the original thickness/the thickness after the rolling) is ≥150%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、転がり軸受装置及びその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a rolling bearing device and a manufacturing method thereof.

従来より、転がり軸受装置においては、軽量化への取り組みが盛んに行われている。特に、軌道輪部材にフランジ部を有する転がり軸受装置については、フランジ部により重量が増加するため、より一層の軽量化が求められる。また、フランジ部は、転がり軸受装置と他の部材とを連結するために設けられるのが通例であるため、高い強度が要求される。
上記のような転がり軸受装置としての、例えば車両用ハブユニットは、自動車の軽量化が強力に推進されるのに伴って、より一層の軽量化が求められている。この車両用ハブユニットは、自動車の車輪を懸架装置に対して回転自在に支持するためのもので、ホイールやディスクロータなどが取り付けられるフランジ部を有するハブホイールと、このハブホイールを支持する転がり軸受とを有している。
上記の車両用ハブユニットにおいて、軽量化を図るために、フランジ部を含んだハブホイール全体を合成樹脂によって形成したものが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, efforts have been actively made to reduce the weight of rolling bearing devices. In particular, a rolling bearing device having a flange portion on the bearing ring member is required to be further reduced in weight because the weight increases due to the flange portion. Further, since the flange portion is usually provided to connect the rolling bearing device and other members, high strength is required.
For example, a vehicle hub unit as a rolling bearing device as described above is required to be further reduced in weight as the weight reduction of automobiles is strongly promoted. This vehicle hub unit is for rotatably supporting a wheel of an automobile with respect to a suspension device. The hub wheel has a flange portion to which a wheel, a disk rotor, or the like is attached, and a rolling bearing that supports the hub wheel. And have.
In the above-described vehicle hub unit, in order to reduce the weight, there has been proposed one in which the entire hub wheel including the flange portion is formed of a synthetic resin (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

特開平10−100604号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-1000060

ところが、特許文献1に記載のハブユニットは、ハブホイールに芯金などの補強部材が適宜埋め込まれてはいるものの、ハブホイール全体が樹脂によって形成されているので、過度の応力が作用した場合を考慮すると、その強度が必ずしも十分とは言い難い場合があった。
本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、強度を確保しつつ軽量化することができるフランジ部付きの転がり軸受装置及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
However, in the hub unit described in Patent Document 1, although a reinforcing member such as a cored bar is appropriately embedded in the hub wheel, the entire hub wheel is formed of resin, so that excessive stress is applied. In consideration, the strength may not always be sufficient.
This invention is made | formed in view of the said problem, and it aims at providing the rolling bearing apparatus with a flange part which can be reduced in weight while ensuring intensity | strength, and its manufacturing method.

本発明は、鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置であって、前記フランジ部は、圧延比(圧延前の厚さ/圧延後の厚さ)が150%以上となるように冷間鍛造加工されていることを特徴とする。
上記のように構成された転がり軸受装置では、フランジ部の圧延比が150%以上となるように冷間鍛造加工されるので、加工硬化によって、フランジ部の強度を熱間鍛造加工した場合と比べて1.5倍以上にすることができる。従って、フランジ部の強度を同一に設定した場合には、フランジ部の軸方向厚さを熱間鍛造加工した場合と比べて2/3以下にすることができる。また、上記の圧延比が150%未満では、充分な加工硬化を得ることができない。
The present invention is a rolling bearing device including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging, and the flange portion has a rolling ratio (thickness before rolling / thickness after rolling). It is characterized by being cold forged so as to be 150% or more.
In the rolling bearing device configured as described above, since the cold forging is performed so that the rolling ratio of the flange portion is 150% or more, the strength of the flange portion is compared with the case where the strength of the flange portion is hot forged by work hardening. 1.5 times or more. Therefore, when the strength of the flange portion is set to be the same, the axial thickness of the flange portion can be reduced to 2/3 or less as compared with the case of hot forging. Further, when the rolling ratio is less than 150%, sufficient work hardening cannot be obtained.

また、上記の転がり軸受装置において、前記冷間鍛造加工は、冷間揺動鍛造加工であるのが好ましい。
この場合には、冷間揺動鍛造加工によってフランジ部に加えられる応力が高くなるので、当該フランジ部の強度をより一層向上させることができる。また、冷間揺動鍛造加工によって圧延比を大きくすることができるので、粗形品のフランジ部を大きく変形させることができる。従って、鍛造プレス加工によって成形される粗形品のフランジ部の径を、比較的小さくすることが可能となり、その鍛造プレス加工を単発で行うことができる。
In the rolling bearing device, the cold forging process is preferably a cold swing forging process.
In this case, since the stress applied to the flange portion by the cold swing forging process is increased, the strength of the flange portion can be further improved. Further, since the rolling ratio can be increased by cold swing forging, the flange portion of the coarse product can be greatly deformed. Therefore, the diameter of the flange portion of the rough product formed by forging press processing can be made relatively small, and the forging press processing can be performed in a single shot.

また、前記転がり軸受装置は、前記フランジ部に車輪が取り付けられる車両用ハブユニットであるのが好ましい。
この場合には、車輪が取り付けられることから高い強度が求められるフランジ部の強度を向上させることができる。このフランジ部の強度が向上することで、当該フランジ部の重量を軽減させることができるので、ハブユニットを軽量化することが可能となる。従って、自動車の懸架装置におけるばね下重量が軽くなり、走行安定性、乗り心地及び燃費を向上させることができる。
Moreover, it is preferable that the said rolling bearing apparatus is a vehicle hub unit by which a wheel is attached to the said flange part.
In this case, since the wheel is attached, the strength of the flange portion for which high strength is required can be improved. Since the strength of the flange portion is improved, the weight of the flange portion can be reduced, so that the hub unit can be reduced in weight. Therefore, the unsprung weight in the suspension device of the automobile is reduced, and the running stability, riding comfort and fuel consumption can be improved.

また、本発明の転がり軸受装置の製造方法は、鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置の製造方法であって、前記軌道輪部材の粗形品を鍛造プレス加工によって成形し、前記フランジ部の圧延比が150%以上となるように当該粗形品のフランジ部に冷間揺動鍛造加工することを特徴とする。   The rolling bearing device manufacturing method of the present invention is a rolling bearing device manufacturing method including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging, and a rough product of the bearing ring member is obtained. It is formed by forging press processing, and cold swing forging is performed on the flange portion of the rough product so that the rolling ratio of the flange portion is 150% or more.

また、本発明は、鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置であって、前記フランジ部は、加工温度が当該フランジ部を構成する材質のA1変態温度以下でかつ、圧延比(圧延前の厚さ/圧延後の厚さ)が150%以上となるように鍛造加工されていることを特徴としている。
上記のように構成された転がり軸受装置においても、フランジ部は、鍛造加工されることで、加工硬化が生じ、フランジ部の強度を熱間鍛造加工した場合と比べて1.5倍以上にすることができる。従って、フランジ部の強度を同一に設定した場合には、フランジ部の軸方向厚さを熱間鍛造加工した場合と比べて2/3以下にすることができる。
Moreover, this invention is a rolling bearing device provided with the bearing ring member in which the flange part was integrally formed by the forging process, Comprising: The said flange part is A1 transformation temperature of the material which the process temperature comprises the said flange part It is characterized by being forged so that the rolling ratio (thickness before rolling / thickness after rolling) is 150% or more.
Also in the rolling bearing device configured as described above, the flange portion is forged to cause work hardening, and the strength of the flange portion is increased by 1.5 times or more compared to the case of hot forging. be able to. Therefore, when the strength of the flange portion is set to be the same, the axial thickness of the flange portion can be reduced to 2/3 or less as compared with the case of hot forging.

また、上記の転がり軸受装置において、前記鍛造加工は、揺動鍛造加工であることが好ましく、この場合、上記と同様、揺動鍛造加工によってフランジ部に加えられる応力が高くなるので、当該フランジ部の強度をより一層向上させることができる。また、揺動鍛造加工によって圧延比を大きくすることができるので、鍛造加工前の粗形品におけるフランジ部となる部分を大きく変形させることができる。従って、この粗形品におけるフランジ部となる部分の径を比較的小さくすることが可能となり、粗形品の成形加工を容易にできる。   In the above rolling bearing device, the forging process is preferably a swing forging process. In this case, the stress applied to the flange part by the swing forging process is increased as described above. The strength of the can be further improved. In addition, since the rolling ratio can be increased by swing forging, the portion to be the flange portion in the rough product before forging can be greatly deformed. Therefore, the diameter of the portion that becomes the flange portion in the rough product can be made relatively small, and the molding of the rough product can be facilitated.

また、前記転がり軸受装置は、前記フランジ部に車輪が取り付けられる車両用ハブユニットであるのが好ましく、この場合、上記同様、フランジ部の強度を向上させることができ、当該フランジ部の重量を軽減させることができるので、ハブユニットを軽量化することが可能となる。従って、自動車の懸架装置におけるバネ下重量が軽くなり、走行安定性、乗り心地及び燃費を向上させることができる。   The rolling bearing device is preferably a vehicle hub unit in which a wheel is attached to the flange portion. In this case, the strength of the flange portion can be improved as described above, and the weight of the flange portion is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the weight of the hub unit. Therefore, the unsprung weight in the automobile suspension system is reduced, and the running stability, ride comfort and fuel consumption can be improved.

また、本発明は、鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置の製造方法であって、前記軌道輪部材の粗形品に対して、加工温度が当該粗形品を構成する材質のA1変態温度以下でかつ、圧延比が150%以上となるように鍛造加工することで、前記粗形品に前記フランジ部を形成する工程を有していることを特徴としている。
本発明に係る転がり軸受の製造方法によれば、上述したように、フランジ部の強度を同一に設定した場合には、熱間鍛造加工した場合と比べて、フランジ部の軸方向厚さを2/3以下にすることができる。
The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a rolling bearing device including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging, wherein the processing temperature is applied to a rough product of the bearing ring member. It has a step of forming the flange portion in the rough shape product by forging so that the rolling ratio is 150% or more and the A1 transformation temperature of the material constituting the rough shape product. It is a feature.
According to the method for manufacturing a rolling bearing according to the present invention, as described above, when the strength of the flange portion is set to be the same, the axial thickness of the flange portion is 2 as compared with the case of hot forging. / 3 or less.

本発明の転がり軸受装置及びその製造方法によれば、その強度を確保しつつフランジ部の軸方向厚さを薄くすることができるので、当該転がり軸受装置の軽量化を図ることができる。   According to the rolling bearing device and the manufacturing method thereof of the present invention, the axial thickness of the flange portion can be reduced while securing the strength thereof, and thus the weight of the rolling bearing device can be reduced.

以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態を説明する。
図1は、本発明の転がり軸受装置の一実施形態であるハブユニット1が組み込まれた自動車の車輪部Wの断面図を示しており、図2は、ハブユニット1の断面を示している。
なお、図1の左右方向がハブユニット1の軸方向であり、図の左側を軸方向内側、右側を軸方向外側という。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a wheel portion W of an automobile in which a hub unit 1 which is an embodiment of a rolling bearing device of the present invention is incorporated, and FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of the hub unit 1.
The left-right direction in FIG. 1 is the axial direction of the hub unit 1, and the left side in the drawing is referred to as the axially inner side, and the right side is referred to as the axially outer side.

図1に示すように、このハブユニット1は、自動車の車輪本体6を懸架装置(図示せず)に対して回転自在に支持するためのもので、転がり軸受3と、転がり軸受3の軌道輪部材となるハブホイール2と、ハブホイール2に一体に設けられた円環状のフランジ部4とを備えている。フランジ部4の軸方向外側の外面4aには、ディスクブレーキ装置のディスクロータ5と、車輪本体6のホイール6aとが取り付けられている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the hub unit 1 is for rotatably supporting a wheel body 6 of an automobile with respect to a suspension device (not shown), and includes a rolling bearing 3 and a bearing ring of the rolling bearing 3. A hub wheel 2 serving as a member and an annular flange portion 4 provided integrally with the hub wheel 2 are provided. A disc rotor 5 of the disc brake device and a wheel 6 a of the wheel body 6 are attached to the outer surface 4 a on the outer side in the axial direction of the flange portion 4.

図2を参照して、ハブホイール2は、炭素鋼(例えば、S55C)や軸受用鋼などで構成されたもので、軸方向内側に設けられる小径部7と、小径部7の軸方向内側の端部が径方向外側に屈曲変形されたかしめ部8と、小径部7より径が大きく当該小径部7から軸方向外側に向かって連続して設けられた大径部9とを具備している。また、ハブホイール2における大径部9には、その外周面から径方向外側に延びる上記のフランジ部4が設けられている。このフランジ部4は、冷間揺動鍛造加工されており、大径部9と一体に設けられている。大径部9の軸方向外側端部には、軸方向内側に凹むくりぬき部91が形成されている。   Referring to FIG. 2, the hub wheel 2 is made of carbon steel (for example, S55C) or bearing steel, and includes a small diameter portion 7 provided on the inner side in the axial direction and an inner side in the axial direction of the small diameter portion 7. A crimped portion 8 whose end is bent and deformed radially outward, and a large-diameter portion 9 having a diameter larger than that of the small-diameter portion 7 and continuously provided from the small-diameter portion 7 toward the axially outer side. . The large-diameter portion 9 of the hub wheel 2 is provided with the flange portion 4 that extends radially outward from the outer peripheral surface thereof. This flange portion 4 is cold-oscillated forged and is provided integrally with the large-diameter portion 9. At the axially outer end portion of the large-diameter portion 9, a hollowed portion 91 that is recessed inward in the axial direction is formed.

転がり軸受3は、例えば複列玉軸受で、一対の外輪軌道面11a,11bを有する外輪12と、内周面がハブホイール2の小径部7の外周面7aに密接するように挿嵌された内輪部材13とを備えている。そして、内輪部材13には、軸方向内側の外輪軌道面11aに対向する内輪軌道面14aが径方向外側に設けられており、ハブホイール2の大径部10の外周面10aには、軸方向外側の外輪軌道面11bに対向する内輪軌道面14bが設けられている。   The rolling bearing 3 is, for example, a double row ball bearing, and is fitted so that the outer ring 12 having a pair of outer ring raceway surfaces 11 a and 11 b and the inner peripheral surface are in close contact with the outer peripheral surface 7 a of the small diameter portion 7 of the hub wheel 2. And an inner ring member 13. The inner ring member 13 is provided with an inner ring raceway surface 14a facing the outer ring raceway surface 11a on the inner side in the axial direction on the outer side in the radial direction, and the outer peripheral surface 10a of the large-diameter portion 10 of the hub wheel 2 has an axial direction. An inner ring raceway surface 14b facing the outer outer ring raceway surface 11b is provided.

また、転がり軸受3には、互いに対向する内外輪軌道面に転動自在に配列された転動体である一対の玉15と、これらの玉15をそれぞれ周方向に所定の間隔で保持する一対の保持器16とが設けられている。
さらに、転がり軸受3は、外輪12の外周面12aから径方向外側に延設されて操舵機構のナックル17が固定される軸受フランジ18と、ハブホイール2と外輪12との間に形成される環状空間Bを軸方向両端から密封するシール部材19とを有している。
Further, the rolling bearing 3 includes a pair of balls 15 that are rolling elements that are arranged to freely roll on inner and outer ring raceway surfaces facing each other, and a pair of balls 15 that hold the balls 15 at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. A cage 16 is provided.
Further, the rolling bearing 3 is formed in an annular shape formed between the hub wheel 2 and the outer ring 12 and a bearing flange 18 that extends radially outward from the outer peripheral surface 12 a of the outer ring 12 and to which the knuckle 17 of the steering mechanism is fixed. And a seal member 19 that seals the space B from both ends in the axial direction.

次に、上記のハブユニット1の製造方法が有する複数の工程の内の一工程である、ハブホイール2に一体に設けられたフランジ部4を形成する工程について説明する。このフランジ部4は、上述のように冷間揺動鍛造加工によって形成されている。   Next, a process of forming the flange portion 4 provided integrally with the hub wheel 2 which is one of a plurality of processes included in the method for manufacturing the hub unit 1 will be described. The flange portion 4 is formed by cold swing forging as described above.

図3(a)は、揺動鍛造加工が完了したハブホイール2(完成品)の断面を示しており、(b)は、揺動鍛造加工する前の粗形品2Aの断面を示している。
この粗形品2Aは、熱間鍛造プレス加工が施されたもので、別ラインの油圧式の鍛造プレス機(図示せず)によって、単発(1回のプレス鍛造)で成形されている。なお、図3における上下方向がハブユニット1の軸方向であり、図3の上側が図1,2における軸方向外側、図3の下側が図1,2における軸方向内側に該当する。また、図3(a)の完成品2は、かしめ部8の加工が行われていない状態を示している。
FIG. 3A shows a cross section of the hub wheel 2 (finished product) after the rocking forging process is completed, and FIG. 3B shows a cross section of the rough product 2A before the rocking forging process. .
This rough shaped product 2A is subjected to hot forging press processing, and is formed by a single shot (one press forging) by a hydraulic forging press machine (not shown) of another line. 3 corresponds to the axial direction of the hub unit 1, the upper side in FIG. 3 corresponds to the axially outer side in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the lower side in FIG. 3 corresponds to the axially inner side in FIGS. Moreover, the finished product 2 in FIG. 3A shows a state where the crimping portion 8 is not processed.

図3(b)に示すように、粗形品2Aは、軸方向下側に設けられる小径部21と、小径部21より径が大きく当該小径部21から軸方向上側に向かって連続して設けられた大径部22と、大径部22の軸方向上側の外周面22aから径方向外側かつ軸方向上側へ延びる粗形品フランジ部23とを有している。粗形品フランジ部23は、完成品2のフランジ部4に対して径が小さく、軸方向厚さt2が完成品2の軸方向厚さt1より厚く形成されている。
なお、図3(b)に示す粗形品2Aの時点において、当該粗形品2Aの小径部21及び大径部22は、図3(a)に示す完成品2の小径部7及び大径部9と一致した形状に形成されている。
As shown in FIG. 3B, the coarse product 2A is provided with a small diameter portion 21 provided on the lower side in the axial direction and a diameter larger than the small diameter portion 21 and continuously from the small diameter portion 21 toward the upper side in the axial direction. The large-diameter portion 22 is provided, and a rough flange portion 23 extending radially outward and axially upward from the outer peripheral surface 22a on the axially upper side of the large-diameter portion 22 is provided. The rough product flange portion 23 is smaller in diameter than the flange portion 4 of the finished product 2 and has an axial thickness t2 larger than the axial thickness t1 of the finished product 2.
At the time of the coarse product 2A shown in FIG. 3B, the small diameter portion 21 and the large diameter portion 22 of the coarse product 2A are the same as the small diameter portion 7 and the large diameter of the finished product 2 shown in FIG. It is formed in a shape that matches the portion 9.

図4(a),(b)は、粗形品2Aの粗形品フランジ部23が、冷間揺動鍛造加工によって完成品2のフランジ部4に成形される過程を示している。なお、図4における揺動鍛造機24は、上下型25,26のみを示すに留めており、その他の構成機器は図示を省略している。
図4に示すように、冷間揺動鍛造加工には、揺動鍛造機24が用いられており、この揺動鍛造機24には、粗形品2Aの軸方向上側で揺動運動する上型25と、粗形品フランジ部23を支持すべく上型25と軸方向に対向して配置された下型26とが設けられている。下型26は、油圧によって軸方向上下に移動可能であり、上型25との間で粗形品2Aを加圧できるようになっている。
4A and 4B show a process in which the rough product flange portion 23 of the rough product 2A is formed into the flange portion 4 of the finished product 2 by cold swing forging. In addition, the rocking forging machine 24 in FIG. 4 is only showing the upper and lower dies 25 and 26, and the other components are not shown.
As shown in FIG. 4, an oscillating forging machine 24 is used for the cold oscillating forging process, and the oscillating forging machine 24 is used to oscillate on the upper side in the axial direction of the rough product 2A. A die 25 and an upper die 25 and a lower die 26 arranged in an axial direction so as to support the rough product flange portion 23 are provided. The lower mold 26 can move in the axial direction up and down by hydraulic pressure, and can press the rough shaped product 2 </ b> A with the upper mold 25.

上型25は、その軸方向下側にすり鉢状のノーズ部27が設けられており、そのノーズ部27の軸方向下側の成形面27aには、成形しようとする形状が転写されている。
ノーズ部27を有する上型25は、その軸(揺動軸)Yが鉛直軸Zに対して所定の角度θで傾斜しており、この角度θを維持した状態で鉛直軸Z周りに回転して揺動運動するようになっている。この揺動運動の揺動モーションは、円モーションであり、揺動中心点は、任意の位置となる。
The upper mold 25 is provided with a mortar-shaped nose portion 27 on the lower side in the axial direction, and a shape to be molded is transferred to a molding surface 27 a on the lower side in the axial direction of the nose portion 27.
The upper die 25 having the nose portion 27 has its axis (oscillation axis) Y inclined at a predetermined angle θ with respect to the vertical axis Z, and rotates around the vertical axis Z while maintaining this angle θ. And swinging. The swing motion of this swing motion is a circular motion, and the swing center point is an arbitrary position.

下型26は、粗形品2Aの大径部22を挿通可能な貫通孔28が形成されており、この貫通孔28を形成する下型縁部26aが、粗形品フランジ部23を軸方向下側から支持している。そして、下型26は、粗形品2Aを支持しつつ上型25に向かって所定の圧力で加圧している。
上記のように、粗形品フランジ部23が、上型25のノーズ部27と下型26との間で加圧された状態で、ノーズ部27が鉛直軸Zを中心に円モーションの揺動運動を行う。この揺動運動によって、粗形品フランジ部23の軸方向上側の鍛造面23aと、ノーズ27の成形面27aとが局部的に接触し、この接触部分が周方向に連続的に移動する。このようにして、粗形品フランジ部23に、円周方向の局部的な鍛造加工が連続して施される。そして、粗形品フランジ部23は、揺動運動が周回するごとに外径が徐々に大きくなるとともに、軸方向厚さが徐々に薄くなるように変形する。この工程は、粗形品フランジ部23の軸方向厚さt1(図3参照)を完成品2のフランジ部4の軸方向厚さt2(図3参照)で除した値で表される圧延比が150%以上となるように繰り返し連続して行われ、粗形品フランジ部23が、完成品2のフランジ部4へと成形される。上記の圧延比を150%以上とするのは、圧延比が150%未満では充分な加工硬化を得ることができないからである。また、その圧延比は、250%以下であるのが好ましい。圧延比が250%を超えると、フランジ部4の厚さが小さくなり過ぎて圧延割れが生じるからである。
The lower die 26 is formed with a through hole 28 through which the large-diameter portion 22 of the coarse product 2A can be inserted, and the lower die edge 26a forming the through hole 28 extends the rough product flange portion 23 in the axial direction. Support from below. The lower mold 26 pressurizes the upper mold 25 with a predetermined pressure while supporting the coarse product 2A.
As described above, in the state where the rough product flange portion 23 is pressurized between the nose portion 27 and the lower die 26 of the upper die 25, the nose portion 27 swings the circular motion around the vertical axis Z. Do exercise. By this swinging movement, the forged surface 23a on the upper side in the axial direction of the rough product flange portion 23 and the molding surface 27a of the nose 27 are in local contact, and this contact portion continuously moves in the circumferential direction. Thus, the local forging process of the circumferential direction is continuously given to the rough product flange part 23. The coarse product flange portion 23 is deformed so that the outer diameter gradually increases and the axial thickness gradually decreases as the swinging motion circulates. This step is a rolling ratio expressed by a value obtained by dividing the axial thickness t1 (see FIG. 3) of the rough flange portion 23 by the axial thickness t2 (see FIG. 3) of the flange portion 4 of the finished product 2. Is repeatedly performed continuously so that it becomes 150% or more, and the rough product flange portion 23 is formed into the flange portion 4 of the finished product 2. The reason why the rolling ratio is 150% or more is that sufficient work hardening cannot be obtained when the rolling ratio is less than 150%. The rolling ratio is preferably 250% or less. This is because if the rolling ratio exceeds 250%, the thickness of the flange portion 4 becomes too small and rolling cracks occur.

上記のように製造されたハブユニット1のフランジ部4は、冷間鍛造加工による加工硬化によってその強度を向上させることができる。具体的には、冷間鍛造加工によって成形されたフランジ部4は、繊維状組織が切断されることなく組織が微細化されるので、フランジ部4の強度を熱間鍛造加工する場合と比べて1.5倍以上にすることができる。
本願発明者による試験結果では、フランジ部4を熱間鍛造加工で形成した場合には、フランジ部4の硬さが15〜23HRCであったのに対して、フランジ部4を冷間鍛造加工で形成した場合には、フランジ部4の硬さが33HRC以上となった。つまり、冷間鍛造加工で形成したフランジ部4は、熱間鍛造加工で形成したフランジ部4に比べてその硬さが1.5倍以上に向上する。すなわち、フランジ部4の強度が1.5倍以上に向上する。
The flange portion 4 of the hub unit 1 manufactured as described above can have its strength improved by work hardening by cold forging. Specifically, since the structure of the flange portion 4 formed by cold forging is refined without cutting the fibrous structure, the strength of the flange portion 4 is compared with the case of hot forging. It can be 1.5 times or more.
According to the test results by the inventors of the present application, when the flange portion 4 is formed by hot forging, the flange portion 4 has a hardness of 15 to 23 HRC, whereas the flange portion 4 is cold forged. When formed, the hardness of the flange portion 4 was 33 HRC or more. That is, the hardness of the flange portion 4 formed by cold forging is improved by 1.5 times or more compared to the flange portion 4 formed by hot forging. That is, the strength of the flange portion 4 is improved by 1.5 times or more.

また、強度が向上することで、フランジ部4の厚さを薄くすることが可能となり、熱間鍛造加工する場合に比べて2/3以下の厚さにすることができる。そして、フランジ部4の厚さを薄くすることで、ハブユニット1の材料コストを削減することができる。すなわち、ハブユニット1の構造強度を確保しつつ、軽量化を図ることができるので、懸架装置におけるばね下重量が軽くなり、自動車の走行安定性、乗り心地及び燃費を向上させることができる。   Further, by improving the strength, the thickness of the flange portion 4 can be reduced, and the thickness can be reduced to 2/3 or less as compared with the case of hot forging. And the material cost of the hub unit 1 can be reduced by making the thickness of the flange part 4 thin. That is, since the weight reduction can be achieved while ensuring the structural strength of the hub unit 1, the unsprung weight in the suspension device is reduced, and the running stability, riding comfort and fuel consumption of the automobile can be improved.

また、冷間揺動鍛造加工によってフランジ部4に加えられる応力がより一層大きくなるので、フランジ部4の加工硬化による強度の向上がより一層大きくなる。従って、フランジ部4の厚さを薄くしてもハブユニット1の構造強度を充分に確保することができる。さらに、冷間揺動鍛造加工を採用することによって圧延比を大きくすることができるので、粗形品2Aのフランジ部23を大きく変形させることができる。従って、鍛造プレス加工によって成形される粗形品2Aのフランジ部23の径を、比較的小さくすることが可能となり、粗形品2Aの鍛造プレス加工を単発で行うことができる。さらに、粗形品フランジ部23を成形するためのプレス圧力も、より小さくすることが可能となり、粗形品2Aを成形する鍛造プレス機を小型化することができる。従って、設備費を大幅に削減することができるとともに、コスト削減に大きく貢献することができる。   In addition, since the stress applied to the flange portion 4 by the cold swing forging process is further increased, the strength improvement by work hardening of the flange portion 4 is further increased. Accordingly, the structural strength of the hub unit 1 can be sufficiently ensured even if the thickness of the flange portion 4 is reduced. Furthermore, since the rolling ratio can be increased by adopting the cold swing forging process, the flange portion 23 of the rough shaped product 2A can be greatly deformed. Therefore, the diameter of the flange portion 23 of the rough shaped product 2A formed by forging press processing can be made relatively small, and the forging press processing of the rough shaped product 2A can be performed in a single shot. Furthermore, the pressing pressure for forming the rough product flange portion 23 can be further reduced, and the forging press machine for forming the rough product 2A can be downsized. Therefore, it is possible to greatly reduce the equipment cost and greatly contribute to the cost reduction.

また、本実施形態におけるフランジ部4の鍛造加工は、上述のように、常温域で行われる冷間鍛造によって行ったので、鍛造加工に伴う加工硬化が顕著に得られ、フランジ部4の強度をより一層向上させることができる。
なお、フランジ部4を成形するための揺動鍛造加工は、その加工温度を粗形品2Aの材質におけるA1変態温度(炭素鋼の場合、723℃)以下に設定して行えばよく、この加工温度の範囲で、鍛造加工すれば加工硬化によってその強度を向上させることができる。強度が向上することで、フランジ部4の強度を同一に設定した場合には、フランジ部4の厚さを薄くすることが可能となり、熱間鍛造加工する場合に比べて2/3以下の厚さにすることができる。このように、強度を確保しつつフランジ部4の厚さを薄くすることができるので、上記実施形態にて示した冷間鍛造加工の場合と同様、ハブユニット1全体として軽量化を図ることができる。また、フランジ部4の厚さを薄くすることで、ハブユニット1の材料コストを削減することもできる。
Moreover, since the forging process of the flange part 4 in this embodiment was performed by the cold forging performed in a normal temperature range as mentioned above, the work hardening accompanying a forging process is notably obtained, and the intensity | strength of the flange part 4 is obtained. This can be further improved.
The swing forging process for forming the flange portion 4 may be performed by setting the processing temperature to be equal to or lower than the A1 transformation temperature (723 ° C. in the case of carbon steel) in the material of the rough product 2A. If forging is performed within the temperature range, the strength can be improved by work hardening. When the strength of the flange portion 4 is set to be the same by improving the strength, the thickness of the flange portion 4 can be reduced, and the thickness is 2/3 or less compared to the case of hot forging. Can be Thus, since the thickness of the flange portion 4 can be reduced while securing the strength, the hub unit 1 as a whole can be reduced in weight as in the case of the cold forging process described in the above embodiment. it can. Moreover, the material cost of the hub unit 1 can also be reduced by reducing the thickness of the flange portion 4.

例えば、炭素鋼の場合、A1変態温度は723℃であり、この温度以下の範囲で比較的高い温度領域、例えば400〜723℃の範囲に加工温度を設定して鍛造加工を行ってもよい。上記のような加工温度範囲とした、いわゆる温間鍛造加工によれば、被加工材の加工硬化を得ることができるとともに、被加工材の塑性変形が容易になる等、加工性を向上させることができる。
すなわち、フランジ部4の鍛造加工を温間鍛造加工とすることで、加工硬化によってフランジ部4の強度を向上させつつ、鍛造加工時の加工性を向上させることができるので、鍛造時に加圧する際の荷重を小さくすることができる。これによって、より小型の油圧プレス器等で鍛造加工が可能となり、さらなる低コスト化が可能となる。
For example, in the case of carbon steel, the A1 transformation temperature is 723 ° C., and the forging may be performed by setting the processing temperature within a relatively high temperature range, for example, a range of 400 to 723 ° C. within this temperature range. According to the so-called warm forging process with the above processing temperature range, work hardening of the work material can be obtained and workability can be improved such that plastic deformation of the work material becomes easy. Can do.
That is, by making the forging process of the flange part 4 a warm forging process, the workability at the time of forging can be improved while improving the strength of the flange part 4 by work hardening. The load can be reduced. Thus, forging can be performed with a smaller hydraulic press or the like, and further cost reduction can be achieved.

さらに、揺動鍛造加工によって圧延比を大きくすることができるので、粗形品2Aの粗形品フランジ部23を大きく変形させることができる。従って、粗形品フランジ部23の径を比較的小さくすることが可能となり、これによって、粗形品2Aを得る際の鍛造プレス加工を単発で行うことができる等、粗形品2Aの成形加工を容易にできる。さらに、粗形品フランジ部23の径を小さくできるので、粗形品2Aを成形する鍛造プレス機を小型化することができる。従って、設備費を大幅に削減することができるとともに、コスト削減に大きく貢献することができる。   Furthermore, since the rolling ratio can be increased by swing forging, the rough product flange portion 23 of the rough product 2A can be greatly deformed. Accordingly, the diameter of the rough shaped product flange portion 23 can be made relatively small, whereby the forging press work for obtaining the rough shaped product 2A can be performed in a single shot, etc. Can be easily done. Furthermore, since the diameter of the rough product flange portion 23 can be reduced, the forging press machine for forming the rough product 2A can be downsized. Therefore, the facility cost can be greatly reduced and the cost can be greatly reduced.

なお、本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されるものではない。例えば、上記実施形態において、粗形品2Aは、熱間鍛造プレス加工による成形によって得られたものを用いたが、例えば、冷間あるいは温間鍛造加工によって成形しても良いし、鋳造及び旋削等の加工によって成形しても良い。
また、本発明のハブユニット1(転がり軸受装置)は、フランジ部4を有するものであれば良く、自動車のハブユニットとして用いられるものに限定するものではない。また、フランジ部4は、外輪12の外周面に設けられてもよい。
In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above. For example, in the above embodiment, the coarse product 2A is obtained by molding by hot forging press processing, but may be formed by, for example, cold or warm forging processing, casting and turning You may shape | mold by processes, such as.
Moreover, the hub unit 1 (rolling bearing device) of the present invention is not limited to the one used as a hub unit of an automobile, as long as it has the flange portion 4. Further, the flange portion 4 may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 12.

ハブユニットが組み込まれた自動車の車輪部の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the wheel part of the automobile in which the hub unit was incorporated. ハブユニットの部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of a hub unit. (a)は、ハブホイールを示す断面図であり、(b)は、粗形品を示す断面図である。(A) is sectional drawing which shows a hub wheel, (b) is sectional drawing which shows a rough shape product. フランジ部の成形過程を模式的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the shaping | molding process of a flange part typically.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 ハブユニット(転がり軸受装置)
2 ハブホイール(軌道輪部材)
2A (ハブホイールの)粗形品
3 複列玉軸受(転がり軸受)
4 フランジ部
6 車輪本体(車輪)
23 粗形品フランジ部
1 Hub unit (rolling bearing device)
2 Hub wheel (Raceway member)
2A Coarse product (of hub wheel) 3 Double row ball bearing (rolling bearing)
4 Flange 6 Wheel body (wheel)
23 Rough flange part

Claims (8)

鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置であって、
前記フランジ部は、圧延比(圧延前の厚さ/圧延後の厚さ)が150%以上となるように冷間鍛造加工されていることを特徴とする転がり軸受装置。
A rolling bearing device including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging,
The rolling bearing device, wherein the flange portion is cold forged so that a rolling ratio (thickness before rolling / thickness after rolling) is 150% or more.
前記冷間鍛造加工は、冷間揺動鍛造加工であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の転がり軸受装置。   The rolling bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the cold forging process is a cold swing forging process. 前記転がり軸受装置は、前記フランジ部に車輪が取り付けられる車両用ハブユニットであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の転がり軸受装置。   The rolling bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the rolling bearing device is a vehicle hub unit in which a wheel is attached to the flange portion. 鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置の製造方法であって、
前記軌道輪部材の粗形品を鍛造プレス加工によって成形し、前記フランジ部の圧延比が150%以上となるように当該粗形品のフランジ部に冷間揺動鍛造加工することを特徴とする転がり軸受装置の製造方法。
A method of manufacturing a rolling bearing device including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging,
A rough shaped product of the bearing ring member is formed by forging press processing, and cold swing forging is performed on the flange portion of the rough shaped product so that a rolling ratio of the flange portion is 150% or more. A method of manufacturing a rolling bearing device.
鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置であって、
前記フランジ部は、加工温度が当該フランジ部を構成する材質のA1変態温度以下でかつ、圧延比(圧延前の厚さ/圧延後の厚さ)が150%以上となるように鍛造加工されていることを特徴とする転がり軸受装置。
A rolling bearing device including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging,
The flange portion is forged so that the processing temperature is equal to or lower than the A1 transformation temperature of the material constituting the flange portion, and the rolling ratio (thickness before rolling / thickness after rolling) is 150% or more. A rolling bearing device characterized by comprising:
前記鍛造加工は、揺動鍛造加工であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の転がり軸受装置。   The rolling bearing device according to claim 5, wherein the forging process is a swing forging process. 前記転がり軸受装置は、前記フランジ部に車輪が取り付けられる車両用ハブユニットであることを特徴とする請求項5又は6に記載の転がり軸受装置。   The rolling bearing device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the rolling bearing device is a vehicle hub unit in which a wheel is attached to the flange portion. 鍛造加工によりフランジ部が一体に形成された軌道輪部材を備えている転がり軸受装置の製造方法であって、
前記軌道輪部材の粗形品に対して、加工温度が当該粗形品を構成する材質のA1変態温度以下でかつ、圧延比が150%以上となるように鍛造加工することで、前記粗形品に前記フランジ部を形成する工程を有していることを特徴とする転がり軸受装置の製造方法。
A method of manufacturing a rolling bearing device including a bearing ring member in which a flange portion is integrally formed by forging,
The rough shape of the bearing ring member is forged so that the processing temperature is not higher than the A1 transformation temperature of the material constituting the rough shape and the rolling ratio is not less than 150%. A method for manufacturing a rolling bearing device, comprising the step of forming the flange portion on a product.
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CN105650111A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-06-08 中国燃气涡轮研究院 Rolling bearing for vectoring nozzle
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