JP2006123443A - Biomass-based thermopressure molded body and its manufacturing process and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biomass-based thermopressure molded body and its manufacturing process and apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: The biomass-based material molded body is obtained by solidifying a pyrolysed and fluidized hemicellulosic material into a three dimensional shape. Its manufacturing process comprises crushing the biomass-based material into powder, fluidizing the powder by applying heat and pressure to change the components, putting the fluid in the mold, compressing the mold for molding and cooling it for solidification to obtain a plastic-like biomass-based molded body having a specific three dimensional shape. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a biomass-based molded body having an arbitrary three-dimensional shape, which is an alternative to plastics, and a method and apparatus for producing the same. More specifically, a predetermined temperature and pressure are applied to wood flour and the like for a predetermined time. By adding components such as wood flour to express fluidity, it is possible to produce a molded body that has been given an arbitrary three-dimensional shape to a biomass-based molding material such as wood powder, The present invention relates to a new method for manufacturing a biomass-based molded body, and a manufacturing apparatus for a new type of biomass-based molded body that can cope with resource and environmental problems.

  Conventionally used biomass includes wood and bamboo, and wood and bamboo are materials that are generally used by processing methods such as “cut” and “shave”. In order to produce the desired shape, in some cases, wood or bamboo is finely glued to some extent. However, in the case of such a processing method, a complicated three-dimensional shape cannot be provided, and the use of the material is limited. Therefore, in order to produce a product with an arbitrary three-dimensional shape, a large amount of resin is mixed into finely pulverized wood or bamboo to make the raw material flowable, and this is poured into a mold for cooling and solidification. On the other hand, there is an attempt to form only finely pulverized wood or bamboo without using a resin (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  In the case of a conventional molding method in which a resin is mixed, in order to produce a material having fluidity and pouring the raw material to every corner of the mold to give a multiple three-dimensional shape, the resin is used in a weight ratio. It is necessary to mix about 50%.

  However, the conventional molding technology that mixes resin is based on mixing finely pulverized wood and bamboo with a large amount of resin and hardening it, and has the advantage of biodegradability inherent to wood and bamboo. This causes a problem during disposal. In addition, since it is impossible to separate a mixed material of wood, bamboo, and resin into wood, bamboo, and resin, a problem occurs during recycling. In addition, because there is currently a concern about the depletion of reserve resources, in molding technology using resins derived from reserve resources, efforts have been made to reduce the proportion of resin as much as possible. .

  On the other hand, molding using only finely pulverized wood and bamboo is attempted without using resin, but it does not give sufficient fluidity to the material and does not require high fluidity such as press molding. Only a molding method can be applied, and a simple-shaped molded body is produced. In addition, attempts have been made to improve fluidity by performing pretreatment such as blasting, but the process is complicated and improvement is required.

Hisao Kishi, Shingo Nakayama: Abstracts of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Wood Society of Japan, Gifu, 2002, p246 Tetsuko Takahashi, Ikuo Takasu, Yoji Kikata: Abstracts of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Wood Society of Japan, Sapporo, 2002, p275

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to use only a biomass material such as wood or bamboo, which is a reproducible resource, as a raw material, without using an adhesive, and in a complicated three-dimensional manner. It is providing the manufacturing method of the biomass type | molding body which shape | molds the material which provided the shape in the form with a small environmental load, and its molded object. Moreover, the other object of this invention is to provide the manufacturing apparatus of the biomass type | molding body which gave the arbitrary three-dimensional shape which becomes an alternative of plastics.

  The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a molded body comprising a solidified / molded body provided with a three-dimensional shape of a hemicellulose pyrolysis fluidized product in a molded body of a biomass material. Further, the present invention is a method for producing a biomass material molded body, wherein the biomass material is pulverized into powder, and heat and pressure are applied to the material to change the components of the material to express fluidity. A molded product characterized by obtaining a plastic-like biomass-based molded body having an arbitrary three-dimensional shape by pouring into a mold, pressing, molding, cooling and solidifying, It is. The purpose of this method is to thermally decompose the hemicellulose component of the material to develop fluidity, to add an additive for promoting fluidity expression to the powder, and to improve the performance of the molded product to the powder. Adding an additive is a preferred embodiment. Further, the present invention comprises a biomass system characterized by comprising a fluidity imparting part for imparting fluidity to a material, a molding part for molding the material, and an introduction part for introducing the fluid material into the molding part. It is a manufacturing apparatus of a molded object.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The present invention applies a predetermined temperature and pressure to a biomass fine powder such as wood or bamboo as a raw material for a certain period of time to change the hemicellulose contained in the material so as to have fluidity, and then into the mold. A molded body having a three-dimensional shape is produced by press-fitting, cooling and solidifying.

  In the present invention, the raw material biomass-based fine powder may be an appropriate one, and is not particularly limited as long as hemicellulose is contained in an amount sufficient to impart fluidity. The fine powder of the material is produced, for example, by pulverizing the raw material with a pulverizer and classifying with a sieve. In this case, the shape of the fine powder is preferably close to a sphere and elongated, but is not particularly limited.

  Next, heat and pressure are applied to the fine powder for a certain period of time to develop fluidity. The reason why fluidity imparting and molding are not performed in the same process is because it takes time to impart fluidity to the material, so if fluidity is imparted to the material in a separate process in advance, improvement in molding efficiency can be expected. is there. Thereafter, the material imparted with fluidity is introduced into the mold while maintaining fluidity and molded by hot pressing. In this case, the mold is not particularly limited as long as it can be molded. The pressing only has to spread the material to every corner of the mold, and the processing time is not particularly limited.

  In the case of the production method of the present invention, the flowability can be improved by changing the hemicellulose in the material by applying a predetermined temperature and pressure to the material for a certain period of time. Thereafter, the material, which is a raw material, is distributed to every corner of the mold by press-fitting the material into the mold, and a molded body having a complicated three-dimensional shape can be produced. The temperature at the time of heating is 180 ° C. or higher, preferably 180 to 240 ° C., which can greatly improve the fluidity of the material. Below 150 ° C., the fluidity of the material cannot be sufficiently improved. In the present invention, the fine powder as a raw material is not particularly limited to bamboo powder, and the method of the present invention can be applied to general biomass containing hemicellulose.

  According to the present invention, (1) by replacing the biomass-based molding material with a material made of metal or plastic as a raw material, it becomes possible to reduce the environmental load during product disposal, and at the same time, the biomass-based molding material Since no resin is mixed in, it is possible to avoid the problem of separating the material and the resin during recycling. (2) Furthermore, the biomass-based molding material of the present invention is a reproducible resource. Since only the material is used as a raw material, it can be a fundamental solution to the resource problem. (3) The biomass-based molding material obtained by the present invention can be replaced with a material manufactured using metal or plastic as a raw material, for example, electrification By using it as a substitute for the housing of products, it is effective to be a solution to resource and environmental problems related to material disposal and recycling. That.

  EXAMPLES Next, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited at all by the following Examples.

(1) Manufacture of test bamboo powder The raw bamboo powder was mechanically pulverized in a raw material state using a crusher (manufactured by Logan Iron Works Co., Ltd.) using a circular saw from 2 to 3 years old Phylostachyo pubsecens. Manufactured. The obtained bamboo powder was sieved and classified, and what passed 200 mesh (aperture about 100 μm) was dried at 105 ° C. until a constant weight was reached. From the SEM observation image of the bamboo powder, it was observed that the Takeno fibers were cut and particles with a small aspect ratio were obtained.

(2) Fluidity test of all dry bamboo powder All dry bamboo powder was put into a mold heated to 200 ° C, and the piston was pushed in by a press machine (manufactured by Kakinomiya Seisakusho). ) Bamboo powder was pressurized until it reached. The fluidity was evaluated by holding the load as it was and observing the appearance of bamboo powder flowing out of the capillary. The capillary diameter was 2 mm and the length was 10 mm. Since the inner diameter of the cylinder is 30 mm, the extrusion ratio is 225. Heating was performed by a hot platen installed on the upper and lower plates of the press machine and a band heater installed on the outer periphery of the cylinder. The indentation speed until reaching the target load was 15 mm / min.

  FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the time from the start of the test and the position of the piston. When the piston was pushed in, the bamboo powder was compacted (point A-point B), and when it was sufficiently compacted, the target reached 100 KN. After reaching the target load, there was no change in the position of the piston for a while, but after about 20 minutes, the piston began to descend, and bamboo powder began to flow out of the capillary (near point C). Then, after about 60 minutes, all the bamboo powder in the cylinder was pushed out, and the piston stopped. The reason why the bamboo powder started to flow after about 20 minutes was not because it took time until the bamboo powder was sufficiently heated, but because some change occurred in the bamboo powder in about 20 minutes and the fluidity improved. It is thought that.

(3) Fluidity test of pre-treated all dry bamboo powder All dry bamboo powder was heat-treated for a predetermined time (0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours) in an open system at 200 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. . Thereafter, bamboo powder was taken out and a fluidity test was conducted in the same manner as described above. In FIG. 4, the result of the fluidity | liquidity test of the bamboo powder which performed the pre-processing by heating is shown. Bamboo powder that was not pre-treated (pre-treatment time 0h) was about 20 minutes until the start of flow, whereas bamboo powder that was pre-treated for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours It took about 20, 30, 40 and 40 minutes to start. Moreover, as shown in Table 1, as the pretreatment time increased, the weight reduction rate of the bamboo powder by the pretreatment increased. Since the pretreatment temperature is 200 ° C., it is considered that hemicellulose was mainly thermally decomposed and decreased by the pretreatment. Therefore, it is considered that the extension of the time until the start of flow is caused by the decrease in hemicellulose due to the pretreatment. From the above results, it was suggested that thermal decomposition of hemicellulose is involved in the flow of all dry bamboo powder.

  The present invention relates to a biomass hot-press molded body, a method for producing the same, and an apparatus thereof. According to the present invention, a biomass-based material is finely pulverized into a fine powder, and a predetermined temperature and pressure are applied thereto for a certain period of time. For example, a biomass-based molded body having an arbitrary three-dimensional shape can be produced and provided by allowing the components to be changed to develop fluidity and, for example, pushing into a mold and then cooling and solidifying. According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a molding material imparted with a complicated three-dimensional shape using only biomass materials such as wood and bamboo. By using the method for producing a biomass-based molding material according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a substitute material for a material made of metal or plastic as a raw material in a form corresponding to environmental and resource problems.

The outline | summary of the manufacturing apparatus of this invention is shown. An example of the produced molded body is shown. The movement of the piston in the fluidity test (200 ° C.) of all dry bamboo powder is shown. The movement of the piston in the fluidity test (200 ° C.) of all dry bamboo powder that has been pretreated is shown.

Claims (6)

  A molded body comprising a solidified and molded body to which a three-dimensional shape of a hemicellulose pyrolysis fluidized product is imparted in a molded body of a biomass material.   In the method of manufacturing a biomass-based material molded body, the biomass-based material is pulverized into powder, and heat and pressure are applied to this to change the components of the material to develop fluidity, which is then poured into a mold. A method for producing a molded body, characterized in that a plastic-like biomass-based molded body having an arbitrary three-dimensional shape is obtained by pressing, molding, and cooling and solidifying.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the hemicellulose component of the material is pyrolyzed to develop fluidity.   The method according to claim 1, wherein an additive for promoting fluidity is added to the powder.   The method according to claim 1, wherein an additive for the purpose of improving molded product performance is added to the powder. An apparatus for producing a biomass-based molded body, comprising: a fluidity imparting section that imparts fluidity to a material; a molding section that molds the material; and an introduction section that introduces the fluid material into the molding section.