JP2006089225A - Elevator apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevator apparatus small in size, low in noise, and excellent in startability. <P>SOLUTION: This elevator apparatus comprises a hoist to wind up a rope for lifting up and down a car for carrying persons and loads. The hoist comprises a motor (multi-fork motor) 19 having a prescribed winding structure with a rotor 80 in which permanent magnets 81 are buried and a stator 90. In the motor (multi-fork motor) 19 having the prescribed winding structure, a plurality of salient poles 91 are formed on a stator core, and windings 93a, 93b, and 93c wound on the adjacent salient poles 91 are wound on the salient poles 91 in the directions reverse to each other in each phase of the stator. The permanent magnets 81 larger in quantity than that of the salient poles 91 of the stator 90 are buried in the rotor 80, and a voltage of a same phase is applied to the winding of the same phase. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator apparatus provided with a hoisting device that winds up a rope in order to raise and lower a car for carrying cargo.

  A rope hoisting device used in an elevator apparatus includes a motor as a drive reduction (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The motor of the hoisting device is desirably thin and small from the viewpoint of the layout of the hoisting device. Further, the motor of the hoisting device is required to have a low cogging torque from the viewpoint of startability, low noise, and the like.

  As a motor that is small and realizes a large torque, there is a conventional motor using a magnet type concentrated winding motor (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  Magnet type concentrated winding motors, particularly embedded magnet type concentrated winding motors, are characterized in that they can be miniaturized. This is because, in addition to the feature that the concentrated winding motor can be reduced in size, the embedded magnet motor has a feature that reluctance torque can be used in addition to the magnet torque (regardless of concentrated winding and distributed winding). However, although the concentrated winding embedded magnet motor can increase the torque, there is a problem that the cogging torque increases. In a concentrated winding motor, in order to realize a low cogging torque, it is necessary to use a multipolar surface magnet type motor (SPM).

JP 2001-86780 A JP 2003-009599 A

  In this surface magnet type motor, a permanent magnet is bonded and fixed to the rotor surface, and the reliability of this bonding becomes a problem. In order to ensure reliability, it is necessary to take measures such as wrapping a glass cloth or the like around the rotor surface to reinforce or shrink fitting a metal tube. For this reason, the manufacturing cost of a motor rises. In addition, when a metal tube is used, an eddy current due to the excitation magnetic flux of the stator flows through this metal, and the efficiency is lowered. In addition, the air gap must be increased, and the stator winding space is reduced due to the increase in the number of poles. This leads to a decrease in torque, which is contrary to the initial purpose of increasing the torque, resulting in a decrease in torque. There is.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an elevator apparatus that is small in size, low in noise, and excellent in startability.

  The elevator apparatus according to the present invention includes a hoisting device that winds up a rope in order to raise and lower a car for carrying cargo. The hoisting device includes a sheave for winding a rope and a main motor having a predetermined winding configuration that rotationally drives the sheave. The main motor is provided with a plurality of salient poles in the stator core, and is wound on the salient poles so that the windings wound around the adjacent salient poles are in opposite directions in each phase of the stator, More permanent magnets than the number of salient poles of the stator are embedded in the rotor, and the same-phase voltage is applied to the windings of the same phase.

  In the elevator apparatus, a plurality of sub motors including at least first and second sub motors are provided in a stator core of the main motor, and an inverter or a rectifier circuit is provided in each of the first and second sub motors. Connected.

  In the elevator apparatus, the electric motor to be driven among the plurality of sub electric motors may be switched according to the rotation speed of the electric motor.

  In the elevator apparatus, the torque constants of the first and second auxiliary motors may be different. In this case, when the rotation speed of the motor is smaller than a predetermined value, both the first and second sub motors are driven, and when the rotation speed is equal to or higher than the predetermined value, torque constants in the first and second sub motors are driven. Only the smaller sub-motor is driven.

  In an elevator apparatus, at the time of power interruption or failure due to an emergency, braking is performed by short-circuiting at least one of the windings of one of the first and second auxiliary motors via a resistor or directly. May be. Thereby, the falling speed of the car can be controlled.

  The elevator apparatus may further include a control circuit that controls the inverter and a control power source that supplies power to the control circuit. In this case, at least one of the plurality of sub-motors is operated as a generator that charges and / or drives the control power supply.

  In the sub-motor that operates as a generator, a voltage control winding that suppresses a change in magnetic flux generated in the power generation winding may be wound together with the power generation winding.

  In the elevator apparatus, one of the first and second auxiliary motors may be used as a frequency generator or an analog generator.

  The elevator apparatus includes voltage detection means for detecting a winding voltage of each phase of the first and second auxiliary motors, a winding voltage of one phase among the phases of the first and second auxiliary motors, There may be further provided means for calculating an analog voltage waveform of the winding voltage of the one phase based on a value obtained by multiplying the winding voltage of each other phase by a predetermined magnetic coupling constant.

  In the elevator apparatus, the main motor has a predetermined winding configuration, a plurality of salient poles are provided on the stator core, and the windings wound on adjacent salient poles in each phase of the stator are opposite to each other. The number of permanent magnets wound around the salient poles in the direction and larger than the number of salient poles of the stator may be embedded in the rotor, and the same-phase voltage may be applied to the same-phase windings.

  In the elevator apparatus, the field weakening control may be performed by supplying a d-axis current to the auxiliary motor at the time of large torque or high speed rotation.

  In the elevator apparatus, the main motor may have salient poles of each phase N (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the in-phase salient poles may be arranged every 360 degrees in terms of electrical angle.

  In the elevator apparatus, the main motor may connect the windings in series within the same set of one phase, and connect one set of windings and another set of windings in parallel.

  In the elevator apparatus, each salient pole may be arranged at an equal angle with respect to the rotation axis of the rotor.

  In the elevator apparatus, the rotor of the main motor is preferably an embedded magnet type.

  In the elevator apparatus, it is preferable that the rotating shaft of the sheave and the rotating shaft of the electric motor are directly connected without a gear.

  In the elevator apparatus, it is preferable to arrange the hoisting apparatus in the elevator tower.

  According to the elevator apparatus of the present invention, since an electric motor (multiple motor) having a predetermined winding configuration that enables a reduction in size and an increase in torque while realizing a low cogging torque is used, startability and low noise are achieved. It is possible to realize a hoisting device that exhibits excellent characteristics. In addition, by configuring a plurality of motor functions in one motor, it is possible to realize an elevator apparatus with improved redundancy and safety at the time of failure.

  Embodiments of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
1. Diagram 1 of the elevator apparatus is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of an embodiment of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention. The elevator apparatus includes converters 3 that convert AC voltage from AC power source 1 into DC, smoothing capacitor 5, brake circuit 11, inverters 15 and 17 that are power converters, and outputs from inverters 15 and 17, respectively. An electric motor 19 that receives and drives, and a control circuit 25 that controls operations of the converter 3 and the inverters 15 and 17 are provided. The electric motor 19 is connected to a sheave (pulley) 109 around which a rope 105 for suspending a car 103 for carrying a person is wound. The car 103 is balanced by a balance weight 104.

  The AC power supply 1 is single-phase, but may be three-phase. The converter 3 may be an AC / DC bidirectional conversion circuit having not only a function of converting alternating current into direct current but also a function of converting direct current into alternating current, and the regenerative power of the motor 19 is supplied to the alternating current power supply 1. You may make it the structure which can be returned.

  The rotating shaft of the electric motor 19 is directly connected to the rotating shaft of the sheave (pulley) 109 via a joint or the like so that the axial direction coincides. As described above, since the connection is performed without using the transmission gear, problems such as an increase in size, a decrease in reliability, and noise that occur when the transmission gear is used are solved.

  In the electric motor 19, a first electric motor M1 and a second electric motor M2 are formed in the same inner stator core. Details of this configuration will be described later.

  Inverters 15 and 17 for converting a DC voltage into a desired AC voltage are connected to the first motor M1 and the second motor M2, respectively. The operations of the brake circuit 11, the inverters 15 and 17, and the converter 3 are controlled by the control circuit 25 via control signals S1 to S4. In the following description, the drive system including the first electric motor M1 is referred to as “first drive system”, and the drive system including the second electric motor M2 is referred to as “second drive system”.

  The brake circuit 11 is a circuit for applying a brake to the electric motor 19, and includes a switching means including a transistor or a relay as shown in FIG. When the inverters 15 and 17 act as a rectifier circuit and the voltage generated by the motors M1 and M2 is converted into direct current, the brake circuit 11 can be short-circuited to brake the motors M1 and M2. Thereby, an electric motor can be made into a locked state. Further, without using the brake circuit 11, the converter 3 can be operated as an AC / DC bidirectional conversion circuit, regenerated to the AC power source 1, and brakes can be applied to the motors M1 and M2.

  FIG. 2A is a perspective view showing the configuration of the elevator apparatus. The elevator apparatus is provided with a car 103 for carrying cargo, a rope 105 for suspending the car 103 and moving it up and down, and a hoisting device 100 for hoisting the rope 105 in the elevator tower 101. ing. In addition, an indoor entrance 107 for people and luggage to enter and exit is provided on the side of the elevator tower 101. In the example of FIG. 2A, the hoisting device 100 is installed on the side surface in the elevator tower 101. However, as shown in FIG. 2B, the hoisting device 100 may be installed on the bottom surface in the elevator tower 101, You may install in the upper surface in the elevator tower 101, as shown to FIG. 2C. As will be described later, according to the present invention, since the electric motor 19 used in the hoisting device can be reduced in thickness, the hoisting device 100 can also be reduced in size. Therefore, the hoisting device 100 can be installed at various positions in the elevator tower 101 as described above, and the layout can be improved. The hoisting device 100 includes a rope hoisting sheave 109 and an electric motor 19 as shown in FIG.

2. Configuration of Electric Motor (Multi-Motor Motor) Here, a detailed internal configuration of the electric motor 19 used in the elevator apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 shows the structure of the electric motor 19 of this embodiment. The electric motor 19 includes a rotor 80 and a stator 90. In the electric motor 19, a first electric motor M1 connected to the terminals U1, V1, and W1 and a second electric motor M2 connected to the terminals U2, V2, and W2 are formed in the same stator core.

  In the stator 90, a plurality of salient poles 91 are provided on the stator core, and windings 93a, 93b, and 93c are wound around the salient poles 91. A larger number of permanent magnets 81 than the number of salient poles of the stator 90 are embedded in the rotor 80 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

When attention is paid to the U phase of the first electric motor M1 of the stator 90, the U phase includes three windings 93a, 93b, 93c. And each winding 93a, 93b, 93c is wound by the salient pole so that a winding direction may turn into a reverse direction between adjacent windings. That is, the winding 93a and the winding 93c are wound in the same direction, but the windings 93a and 93c and the winding 93b are wound in opposite directions. In-phase voltage is applied to the windings 93a, 93b, 93c in the same phase. The other phases of the first electric motor M1 are similarly configured. In this embodiment and the subsequent embodiments, the elevator apparatus includes an electric motor 19 having the following characteristics.
1) A plurality of salient poles were provided on the stator.
2) In each phase of the stator, the windings wound around the adjacent salient poles are wound on the salient poles in opposite directions.
3) More permanent magnets than the number of salient poles of the stator are embedded in the rotor.
4) In-phase voltage is applied to windings of the same phase.

The configuration of the electric motor having the above characteristics is disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. WO03 / 084034. In this embodiment, one phase includes three windings wound around salient poles, but the number of windings included in one phase is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more. In the following description, an electric motor having the above characteristics is referred to as a “multi-motor”, and in particular, when three windings are included in one phase as in the present embodiment, it is referred to as a “three-motor”. The relationship between the number of salient poles of the stator and the number of slots and the number of poles of the rotor in the multi-furcated motor is shown.

  As described above, by using a multi-piece motor, it becomes possible to realize a low cogging drive for a motor having a rotor having a permanent magnet embedded therein and a stator wound in a concentrated manner. There is an advantage that a low cogging drive can be realized simultaneously.

  The first electric motor M1 has three phases of U, V, and W, each phase includes three windings, and each phase is spaced so that three salient poles are included. The second electric motor M2 is composed of windings wound around salient poles between the phases of the first electric motor M1, that is, windings wound around salient poles not used in the first electric motor M1. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the second electric motor M2 also forms one phase with three windings, like the first electric motor M1. The mechanical phase relationship (arrangement angle) between the salient poles of the first electric motor M1 and the second electric motor M2 may be set freely. Such a configuration in which a plurality of motors are provided with a plurality of generators in the same stator core is disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. WO03 / 100909. In such a multi-motor configuration, the windings of the first electric motor M1 and the second electric motor M2 are independent of each other and can be configured as an insulation type, thereby improving safety and reliability.

3. The operation of the elevator apparatus configured as described above will be described.
The AC voltage from the AC power source 1 is converted into a DC voltage by the converter 3 and smoothed by the capacitor 5. The inverter 15 in the first drive system converts the DC output voltage of the capacitor 5 into a desired AC voltage according to the control from the control circuit 25 and supplies it to the first electric motor M1. The inverter 17 in the second drive system also converts the DC output voltage of the capacitor 5 into a desired AC voltage according to the control from the control circuit 25 and supplies it to the second electric motor M2. The electric motor 19 is driven by obtaining power from both the first electric motor M1 and the second electric motor M2, and rotates the sheave 109 to wind up the rope 105, thereby raising or lowering the car 103 in the elevator tower.

  The voltage application to the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 can be performed as follows, for example. The value obtained by converting the mechanical position difference between the first motor M1 and the second motor M2 into an electrical phase difference is β1 (note that β1 = 0 depending on the configuration of the first and second motors M1 and M2). The phase difference β between the current I1 applied to the first electric motor M1 and the current I2 applied to the second electric motor M2 is basically equal to the converted phase difference β1. Set. Even when the current phase is advanced by the field weakening, the phase difference β is basically equal to the converted phase difference β1. However, if the induced voltage constants of the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 are different, for example, if the induced voltage constant of the first electric motor M1 is larger than that of the second electric motor M2, the phase of the current I1 of the first electric motor M1 Is advanced from the phase of the current I2 of the second electric motor M2. For how to determine the optimum phase, for example, “Study on high-performance control in consideration of the rotor structure of the PM motor” (Doji, 1993, Osaka Prefecture University doctoral dissertation) can be referred to.

  As described above, the electric motor 19 includes the two electric motors M1 and M2, and the hoisting apparatus 100 is driven by the two driving systems including the two electric motors M1 and M2. Therefore, even when one drive system fails and does not operate, the hoisting apparatus 100 can be driven by the other drive system, so that the failure redundancy can be improved. Further, by providing a plurality of drive systems, the capacity of the inverter in one drive system can be reduced, and the size of the switching element in one inverter can be further reduced.

  As described above, the elevator apparatus according to the present embodiment uses the multi-part motor having the above-described special configuration as an electric motor that drives the hoisting apparatus, and therefore can simultaneously realize downsizing, large torque, and low cogging driving, An elevator apparatus that exhibits excellent characteristics in terms of startability and low noise can be realized. Moreover, the elevator apparatus of this embodiment can reduce the size of the switching element in one inverter by constituting a plurality of motor functions and providing a plurality of drive systems inside one motor, and the entire elevator apparatus can be reduced in size. In addition, even if one drive system fails, it can be driven by the other drive system, so that the failure redundancy can be improved and an elevator apparatus with improved safety can be realized.

(Embodiment 2)
In the present embodiment, a method will be described in which the motor characteristics of the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 are made different, and the electric motors to be driven are switched in accordance with the operating conditions.

  Specifically, in the elevator apparatus according to the first embodiment, the induced voltage constants of the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 are made different. Since the induced voltage constant and the torque constant have the same meaning, the induced voltage constant may be read as a torque constant. FIG. 5A is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotational speed (ω) and the output voltage (V) of the first and second electric motors M1, M2. In FIG. 5 (a), the straight line A shows the voltage of the second electric motor M2, and the straight line B shows the voltage of the first electric motor M1. In this case, the first electric motor M1 is an electric motor used at low speed, and the second electric motor M2 is an electric motor used at high speed. For example, the first electric motor M1 is used at the speed ω1, and the second electric motor M2 is used at the speed ω2. More specifically, a predetermined value of the speed is set, and the electric motor to be used is switched to the first electric motor M1 or the second electric motor M2 using the speed as a threshold value. As described above, by switching the electric motor to be driven according to the rotational speed (elevator lifting speed), efficient driving becomes possible regardless of the rotational speed (elevator lifting speed).

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), when torque is required at the time of motor start-up (rotation speed region P1) or acceleration (rotation speed region P2), the two electric motors M1 and M2 are operated together. May be. When the speed exceeds a predetermined value, that is, when the rotational speed is in the high speed region P3, the first motor M1 having the larger torque constant is subjected to field weakening to suppress the voltage. Only the energization of the second electric motor M2 may be performed. Alternatively, when a large torque is required at the time of start-up or acceleration, the hoisting device 100 is driven by the two electric motors M1 and M2, and when the speed exceeds a predetermined value, the larger induced voltage constant is The motor M1 may be electrically disconnected and switched so that the hoisting device 100 is driven only by the motor having the smaller induced voltage constant. In these cases, an optimum driving operation according to the load can be realized.

(Embodiment 3)
In the present embodiment, a description will be given of the configuration of an elevator apparatus that gently lowers the elevator car and ensures safety when power supply from the AC power supply 1 to the electric motor or control circuit is interrupted due to a power failure or the like.

  FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the elevator apparatus of the present embodiment. The basic configuration is the same as in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, in the second drive system, a resistor circuit 44 is connected to the output of the inverter 17 via the switch 43 in parallel with the electric motor M2. A brake circuit 11 is provided for the first drive system and the second drive system. Further, the torque constants of the first electric motor M1 and the second electric motor M2 are made different.

  The operation of the elevator apparatus shown in FIG. 6 will be described. The normal driving operation is the same as that in the first embodiment. When the control circuit 25 detects that the power supply is cut off due to a power failure or the like by a predetermined detection means (not shown), the control circuit 25 turns on the switch 43 using a control backup power supply (not shown), The motor winding of the electric motor M2 is short-circuited by the resistance circuit 44. As a result, braking is applied to the second electric motor M2, and the falling speed of the elevator car 103 is moderately suppressed. Here, the torque constant of the second electric motor M2 is set to such a value that an appropriate drop speed can be obtained during braking due to a short circuit.

  In this case, the motor having the larger torque constant may be short-circuited, and a desired brake torque can be generated with a smaller current. Therefore, there is no need to increase the resistance value of the resistance circuit 41, and the resistance circuit Can be miniaturized.

  As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, even when the power supply is stopped due to a power failure or the like, the rotating operation of the motor is braked by short-circuiting the winding of the motor, and the lowering speed is reduced. Can be suppressed.

(Embodiment 4)
In the present embodiment, one of the two motors M1 and M2 configured in the motor 19 is used as a driving motor, and the other is used as a backup power source for the control circuit and / or a driving generator. To do. In this way, by using one of the electric motors as a generator for charging the backup power source, even when the power supply is stopped due to a power failure or the like, the elevator car 103 is prevented from falling and safety is ensured. Can be secured.

  FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the elevator apparatus according to this embodiment. The elevator apparatus includes a drive system including a converter 3, a smoothing capacitor 5, a brake circuit 11, an inverter 15, and a first electric motor M1, and a control circuit 25 that controls the operation of the drive system circuit. The elevator apparatus includes a capacitor 35, a voltage regulator 37, a converter 39, and a second electric motor M2 as a first power supply system for the control circuit 25. Further, the elevator apparatus includes an AC power supply 1, a converter 33, and a capacitor 34 as a second power supply system for the control circuit 25. The capacitors 34 and 35 may be batteries.

  In the present embodiment, basically, control power is supplied from the first power supply system to the control circuit 25. However, in the control when the capacitor 35 in the first power supply system cannot secure the voltage necessary for control (for example, before the elevator is started), the control power supply is supplied from the second power supply system to the control circuit 25.

  Operation | movement of the elevator apparatus which has said structure is demonstrated. The AC voltage from the AC power source 1 is rectified by the converter 3 and converted into a DC voltage, and is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 5. The inverter 15 converts the DC voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 5 into a desired AC voltage according to the control of the control circuit 25, and drives the first electric motor M1.

  During this lifting operation, the second electric motor M2 operates as a generator. When the rotor of the electric motor 19 is rotated by driving the first electric motor M1, an induced voltage is generated in the windings U2, V2, and W2 of the second electric motor M2. This induced voltage is rectified by a rectifier 39 and converted to a DC voltage, and converted to a desired voltage value by a voltage regulator 37. The output voltage of the voltage regulator 37 is supplied to the control circuit 25 via the capacitor 35.

  Thus, in this embodiment, while raising / lowering operation | movement is carried out by one electric motor M1 in the electric motor 19, the other electric motor M2 operate | moves as a generator and charges the capacitor 35 as a backup power supply.

  As a result, even when the power supply from the AC power supply 1 is stopped due to a power failure, the power supply voltage is supplied from the capacitor 35 to the control circuit 25, so that it can operate normally. The control circuit 25 controls the inverter 15, controls the amount of regenerative current flowing through the first electric motor M1, and controls the rotation speed of the first electric motor M1 so that the car 103 falls gently.

  In the case of the above configuration, even if the capacitor 35 is out of order, when the car 103 starts to drop due to a power failure, the second motor M2 performs a power generation operation due to the descending operation, so that the control circuit 25 is powered. Thus, the control circuit 25 can be operated, and the first motor M1 can be braked.

  In order to realize the above operation, the second electric motor M2 needs to generate a sufficient voltage capable of driving the control circuit 25 from the low speed rotation. However, if the second motor M2 is simply designed to generate a sufficient drive voltage from the low speed rotation, there is a possibility that a higher voltage than necessary may be generated at the high speed rotation as shown by the broken line in FIG. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 8, the output of the second electric motor M2 needs to quickly reach a desired voltage during low-speed rotation, but does not increase in proportion to the rotation speed in the middle / high-speed rotation range. In addition, it is preferable that the voltage be substantially constant. A configuration for solving this problem will be described below.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a winding for suppressing output in the high-speed rotation range of the second electric motor M2. In the second electric motor M2, control windings B11, B12, B21,... Are provided in addition to the power generation windings A11, A12, A21,. The power generation windings A11, A12, A21,... Are windings that generate an induced voltage by rotational movement. The control windings B11, B12, B21,... Are windings for suppressing the generated voltage in the middle / high speed rotation range. Each of the control windings B11, B12, B21,... Is wound around a salient pole, and both ends of each are short-circuited to form a short ring. In general, the short ring has a function of preventing a change in magnetic flux passing through it, and the effect becomes more remarkable as the frequency increases. By using the control windings B11, B12, B21,... Using such short ring characteristics, it is possible to realize output characteristics with suppressed voltage increase in the middle / high speed range as shown by the solid line in FIG.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the winding configuration for suppressing the output in the high-speed rotation region of the second electric motor M2. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the winding is wound directly around the salient pole. However, in the example shown in FIG. 10, a bridge 61 is provided between the salient poles, and the power generation winding A <b> 11 is provided to the bridge 61. A12, A21,..., Control windings B1, B2, B3 are wound. Each of the control windings B1, B2, B3 is short-circuited at both ends and functions as a short ring. The bridge 61 may be manufactured integrally with the stator portion, or may be manufactured as a separate body using a laminated iron plate or a block formed by sintering or molding.

  Magnetic flux φ1 entering the stator from the rotor becomes an AC magnetic field corresponding to the speed of the rotor. For this reason, a magnetic flux φ2 in a direction to cancel out the magnetic flux φ1 is generated in the control winding B1 whose both ends are short-circuited. The magnetic flux φ2 increases as the rotor speed increases and the frequency of the magnetic flux φ1 increases. The voltage induced in the power generation winding A1 is determined only by the magnetic flux φ1 when there is no control winding B1, and increases in proportion to the frequency of the magnetic flux φ1, but with the control winding B1, the magnetic flux φ2 becomes the magnetic flux φ1. Therefore, the voltage generated in the power generation winding A1 does not depend on the rotation speed, and becomes a substantially constant value.

  With the above configuration, even when the rotational speed increases, the control power supply voltage can be prevented from becoming higher than a desired value, and a control power supply with a substantially constant voltage can be realized.

  In the examples of FIGS. 9 and 10, both ends of the control winding are short-circuited to form a short ring. However, both ends of the control winding are opened, and are generated from the rotor magnet and linked to the power generation winding. Alternatively, an alternating current synchronized with the change of the magnetic flux may be applied from the outside to the open end so as to cancel the magnetic flux to be performed. Further, the number of windings of the short ring may be set arbitrarily.

(Embodiment 5)
In the embodiment described above, an example in which one of the electric motors provided in the same stator core is used as a frequency generator or an analog generator will be described.

  When the phase windings of the first and second electric motors M1, M2 are arranged as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the voltages from the U, V, W phase windings of the second electric motor M2 are By passing through a waveform shaping circuit as shown in FIG. 11B, a pulse waveform signal whose phase is shifted by 120 degrees as shown in FIG. 11C is obtained. The pulse waveform signal thus obtained can be used as a control signal for position detection, speed, etc., when controlling the motor operation of the first motor M1. FIG. 11 shows a five or two generator motor as an example.

(Embodiment 6)
In the fifth embodiment, generation of a pulse waveform signal from the winding voltages of the U, V, and W phases of the second electric motor M2 has been described. In the present embodiment, a configuration for obtaining a waveform-shaped analog sine wave signal from each phase winding voltage of the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 will be described.

  In order to obtain an analog sine wave signal, first, the voltage of the stator winding of each phase of the first and second electric motors M1 and M2 is detected by voltage detection means (not shown). Then, the control circuit 25 multiplies the detected voltage of the phase other than the desired phase by the coupling constant between that phase and the desired phase, and subtracts each voltage multiplied by the coupling constant from the detected voltage of the desired phase. Thus, an analog sine wave signal whose waveform is shaped can be obtained. The analog waveform signal obtained in this way can also be used as a control signal for position detection or the like when controlling the motor operation of the first motor M1.

  The above processing will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12A shows the coupling constant between the phases. An example of obtaining a U-phase analog sine wave signal of the second electric motor M2 will be described. In this case, the detection constants Vv2, Vw2,... Of phases other than the U phase of the second electric motor M2 are multiplied by coupling constants M12, M13,. As shown in FIG. 12B, the waveform-shaped analog sine wave signal Vu2 can be obtained by subtracting each voltage multiplied by the coupling constant from the detection voltage Vu2. Similarly, sinusoidal signals Vv2 and Vw2 can be obtained.

(Embodiment 7)
A preferred configuration of the multi-furcated motor used in each of the above embodiments will be described.

  In a multi-furcated motor, the windings of each phase of the stator are separated into N (N is an integer of 2 or more) sets, and the salient poles of each set of the same phase are arranged at approximately 360 degrees in electrical angle. When the windings are separated into two sets, arranging the windings of the same phase every approximately 360 degrees in electrical angle means arranging every 180 degrees in mechanical angle. When the windings are separated into three sets, the same-phase windings are arranged at a mechanical angle of approximately every 120 degrees. That is, when the windings are separated into N sets, the windings of the same phase are arranged at a mechanical angle approximately every (360 / N) degrees.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the windings when only one generator is formed on the stator core in the three-branch motor. For example, the U-phase winding is separated into a set of windings u11, u12, u13 wound for each salient pole and a set of windings u14, u15, u16 wound for each salient pole. ing. These are arranged 180 degrees apart from each other. As shown in FIG. 14, the windings u11, u12 and u13 and the windings u14, u15 and u16 are connected in series, respectively. A set of windings u11, u12, u13 and a set of windings u14, u15, u16 are connected in parallel. The reason for connecting the group consisting of the windings u11, u12, u13 and the group consisting of the windings u14, u15, u16 in parallel is that the impedance increases when they are connected in series, and it is necessary to use a thick copper wire. Because it occurs.

  FIG. 15 shows an arrangement of windings when two generators are formed on the same stator core in a five-motor. In the figure, the U-phase winding of the first electric motor M1 is composed of a winding group U1 and a winding group U'1, the V-phase winding is composed of a winding group V1 and a winding group V'1, The phase winding includes a winding group W1 and a winding group W′1. The windings wound around the five salient poles included in the winding group U1 are connected in series, and the winding group U1 and the winding group U′1 are connected in parallel. The same applies to the V phase and the W phase. Windings U2 to W′2 of the second electric motor M2 are arranged between the windings U1 to W′1 of the first electric motor M1. Similarly to the first generator, one phase is divided into two winding groups for the second generator, and each phase is arranged every 360 degrees in electrical angle.

  When only one set of windings of the same phase is provided, a radial force acts on the rotating shaft of the rotor when energized, whereas the windings of the same phase are divided into a plurality of sets as described above. By arranging every 360 degrees in electrical angle, windings of the same phase are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator, so that the radial force cancels out against the rotation axis (silent rotation) Can be realized.)

  Further, as shown in FIG. 16, it is low to arrange the salient poles of the stator in the same phase so that the angles θ (degrees) between the salient pole centers and the rotation axis are substantially equal. It is preferable in terms of cogging torque. This means that when T is the number of salient poles in FIG. 16, θ is approximately equal to 360 / T (degrees). This θ is defined by M, which is 2P = 3 × M + α (α is a positive integer of 2 or less), where the number of rotor poles is 2P (meaning that there are 2P NS poles). The same effect can be obtained even if the lens is disposed at an angle substantially equal to 360 / (3M).

  In the above embodiment, the phase of the d-axis current flowing through the electric motor 19 may be adjusted during large torque or high-speed rotation, and the field weakening control may be performed to adjust the generated voltage. The d-axis current is preferably advanced to a phase of 50 degrees or more. In the above embodiment, since the electric motor 19 is an embedded magnet type, there is no problem that the stator is demagnetized even if field weakening control is performed.

  In each of the above embodiments, the description has been based on the two motors in which two electric motors are configured in the same stator core, but the motor configuration in which three or more electric motors are configured in the same stator core. However, the idea of the present invention can be similarly applied. In this case, for example, if at least one of the plurality of electric motors is controlled so as to satisfy the technical concept of each of the above-described embodiments, the same effect as described in each of the embodiments can be obtained. In the above description, the motor has been described using an example that does not include a secondary salient pole. However, it is possible to provide secondary salient poles for the purpose of further reducing the cogging torque on all stator salient poles or specific salient poles. It is.

The elevator apparatus according to the present invention described above has an effect that both downsizing / thinning and low cogging torque can be achieved. For this reason, the elevator apparatus according to the present invention is also suitable for home elevators that require space saving and quietness (low cogging torque). For example, in the case of a home elevator, as shown in FIG. 2B, if a hoisting device is arranged on the bottom surface of the elevator tower, it can be installed even in a building with a low floor height.

  Since the elevator apparatus of the present invention is small, low noise and excellent in startability, it is useful for an elevator apparatus that requires safety, quietness, and layout.

Configuration diagram of Embodiment 1 of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention The perspective view of the elevator apparatus which provided the hoisting device in the side surface in an elevator tower The perspective view of the elevator apparatus which provided the hoisting device in the bottom face in an elevator tower The perspective view of the elevator apparatus which provided the hoisting device in the upper surface in an elevator tower Diagram showing the configuration of the hoisting device The figure which showed the structure of the electric motor (multiple motor) used for an elevator apparatus (A) The figure which showed the relationship between the rotation speed ((omega)) of 1st and 2nd motor M1, M2 and output voltage (V), (b) For demonstrating switching of 1st and 2nd motor M1, M2 Figure Configuration diagram of Embodiment 3 of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention Configuration diagram of Embodiment 4 of an elevator apparatus according to the present invention The figure which shows the output characteristic of the 2nd electric motor which is a control power supply The figure which showed the structure of the coil | winding (control coil | winding) for suppressing the output in the high-speed rotation area of a 2nd motor The figure which showed another structure of the coil | winding (control coil | winding) for suppressing the output in the high-speed rotation area of a 2nd motor. The figure for demonstrating the example which uses one motor as a frequency generator in 5 or 2 motors The figure for demonstrating the example which uses one motor as an analog generator in five or two motors The figure explaining arrangement | positioning of the coil | winding when only one electric motor is formed in the same stator core in 3 or motor A diagram for explaining a configuration in which a series winding and a parallel winding are mixed in the same phase The figure which showed arrangement | positioning of the coil | winding when two electric motors are formed in the same stator core in 5 or motor The figure which shows the structure of the stator arrange | positioned so that the angle which the center of a salient pole makes with a rotating shaft may become substantially equal.

Explanation of symbols

1 AC Power Supply 3 Converter 5 Smoothing Capacitor 15, 17 Inverter 19 Electric Motor (Multi-Motor Motor)
25 Control circuit 80 Rotor 81 Permanent magnet 90 Stator 91 Salient pole 93a-93c Winding 100 Hoisting device 101 Elevator tower 103 Car 104 Balance weight 105 Rope 107 Indoor doorway 109 Sheave (pulley)
M1, M2 Motor provided in the same stator core of the motor

Claims (17)

In an elevator apparatus equipped with a hoisting device for hoisting a rope in order to raise and lower a car for carrying cargo,
The hoisting device includes a sheave for winding a rope, and a main motor having a predetermined winding configuration that rotationally drives the sheave,
The main motor is provided with a plurality of salient poles in the stator core, and is wound on the salient poles so that the windings wound around the adjacent salient poles are opposite to each other in each phase of the stator, An elevator apparatus characterized in that a permanent magnet having a number larger than the number of salient poles of a stator is embedded in a rotor, and a voltage of the same phase is applied to windings of the same phase.
A plurality of sub-motors including at least first and second sub-motors are provided in the stator core of the main motor, and an inverter or a rectifier circuit is connected to each of the first and second sub-motors. The elevator apparatus according to claim 1.   The elevator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an electric motor to be driven among the plurality of auxiliary electric motors is switched according to a rotation speed of the electric motor.   When the torque constants of the first and second auxiliary motors are made different from each other, when the rotation speed of the motor is smaller than a predetermined value, both the first and second auxiliary motors are driven, and when the rotation speed is equal to or higher than the predetermined value 4. The elevator apparatus according to claim 3, wherein only the auxiliary motor having a smaller torque constant in the first and second auxiliary motors is driven.   In the event of a power interruption or failure due to an emergency situation, braking is performed by braking at least one of the windings of the first and second auxiliary motors via a resistor or directly. The elevator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the falling speed of the elevator is controlled. A control circuit for controlling the inverter, and a control power supply for supplying power to the control circuit;
The elevator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of sub-motors operates as a generator that charges and / or drives the control power source.   The elevator apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a voltage control winding for suppressing a change in magnetic flux generated in the power generation winding is wound together with the power generation winding in the sub-motor operating as the power generator.   The elevator apparatus according to claim 2, wherein one of the first and second auxiliary motors is used as a frequency generator or an analog generator.   Voltage detection means for detecting the winding voltage of each phase of the first and second sub motors, the winding voltage of one phase among the phases of the first and second sub motors, and the other 9. A means for calculating an analog voltage waveform of the winding voltage of the one phase based on a value obtained by multiplying the winding voltage of the phase by a predetermined magnetic coupling constant. Elevator equipment.   The main motor has a predetermined winding configuration, and a plurality of salient poles are provided on the stator core, and in each phase of the stator, the windings wound on adjacent salient poles are in opposite directions to each other. The number of permanent magnets wound on the salient poles is larger than the number of salient poles of the stator, and the same-phase voltage is applied to the same-phase windings. The elevator apparatus in any one of 2 thru | or 9.   The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a field weakening control is performed by supplying a d-axis current to the auxiliary electric motor at the time of large torque or high speed rotation.   The main motor has N-phase salient poles for each phase (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the in-phase salient poles are arranged every 360 degrees in electrical angle. The elevator apparatus in any one.   13. The elevator apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the main motor connects windings in series in the same set of one phase, and connects one set of windings and another set of windings in parallel. .   The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein each salient pole is disposed at an equal angle with respect to the rotation axis of the rotor.   The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a rotor of the main motor is an embedded magnet type.   The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the rotating shaft of the sheave and the rotating shaft of the electric motor are directly connected without a gear. The elevator apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the hoisting device is disposed in an elevator tower.

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