JP2005295686A - Generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small and low noise generator exhibiting excellent starting performance. <P>SOLUTION: The generator generates power using a motor (multi-fork motor) (3) having a predetermined winding arrangement including a rotor (80) buried with permanent magnets (81) and a stator (90). The multi-fork motor is provided with a plurality of salient poles (91) on the stator core, and windings (93a, 93b and 93c) are wound around adjacent salient poles (91) in reverse directions from each other for each phase of the stator. The permanent magnets (81) larger in number than those of the salient poles (91) on the stator (90) are buried in the rotor (80) and a voltage of the same phase is applied to the winding of the same phase. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation apparatus that generates electric power by driving an electric motor using power such as wind power.

  A wind power generator receives wind power with a windmill to generate a rotational force, and drives the motor with the rotational force to generate electric power. In such a wind turbine generator, a motor (generator) that generates power is required to have a low cogging torque in view of startability, low noise, and the like. In a wind turbine generator, the wind turbine shaft and the motor rotation shaft are generally connected via a speed increasing gear for increasing the speed of the wind turbine in order to obtain a high output. In order to reduce the size and noise of the wind turbine generator, it is desirable to have a gearless gear that connects the wind turbine and the generator, that is, gearless. It is necessary to use a motor. As a small motor that realizes a large torque, there is a conventional motor using a magnet type concentrated winding motor (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2002-233193 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-262489

  However, the magnet type concentrated winding motor, in particular, the embedded magnet type concentrated winding motor is characterized in that it can be miniaturized. This is because, in addition to the feature that the concentrated winding motor can be reduced in size, the embedded magnet motor has a feature that reluctance torque can be used in addition to the magnet torque (regardless of concentrated winding and distributed winding). However, although it is possible to increase the torque, the concentrated winding embedded magnet motor has a problem that the cogging torque is increased. In order to realize low cogging torque, it is necessary to use a multipolar surface magnet type motor (SPM).

  In this surface magnet type motor, a permanent magnet is bonded and fixed to the rotor surface, and the reliability of this bonding becomes a problem. In order to ensure reliability, it is necessary to take measures such as wrapping a glass cloth or the like around the rotor surface to reinforce or shrink fitting a metal tube. For this reason, the manufacturing cost of a motor rises. In addition, when a metal tube is used, an eddy current due to the excitation magnetic flux of the stator flows through this metal, and the efficiency is lowered. In addition, the air gap must be increased, and the stator winding space is reduced due to the increase in the number of poles. This leads to a decrease in torque, which is contrary to the initial purpose of increasing the torque, resulting in a decrease in torque. There is.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power generator that is small in size, low in noise, and excellent in startability.

  The power generation device according to the present invention is a power generation device that includes a rotor and a stator in which permanent magnets are embedded, and generates power using an electric motor (multiple motor) having a predetermined winding configuration. In an electric motor (multi-motor) having a predetermined winding configuration, a plurality of salient poles are provided on a stator core, and in each phase of the stator, windings wound on adjacent salient poles are in opposite directions. The permanent magnets are wound on the salient poles so that the number of permanent magnets is larger than the number of salient poles of the stator, and the same-phase voltage is applied to the same-phase windings.

  This power generator can be applied to, for example, a wind power generator. In this case, the power generation device includes a windmill for receiving wind power, and causes the electric motor to perform a power generation operation by the rotational force of the windmill.

  In the above power generator, a plurality of generators including at least first and second generators may be provided in the same stator core, and an inverter or a rectifier circuit may be connected to each of the generators. .

  The first and second generators may have different power generation capacities, and the generator with the smaller capacity may be operated as a motor when the windmill is started.

  The first and second generators may have different power generation constants, and the generator to be used may be switched according to the wind speed.

  Further, at least one of the plurality of generators may be operated as a motor or a generator according to the wind speed to adjust the change in the windmill rotational speed due to the wind speed.

  The first and second generators have different power generation capacities, and when the wind speed is equal to or lower than the minimum wind speed (non-energization start speed) at which the windmill can be started without energizing the motor, You may make it start a windmill by supplying electric power to a smaller generator and operating a motor.

  Further, the power generation device may include a control circuit that controls the inverter and a control power source that supplies power to the control circuit, and at least one of the plurality of generators may charge the control power source.

  In the second generator, a voltage control winding that suppresses a change in magnetic flux generated in the power generation winding may be wound together with the power generation winding.

  In addition, the first generator is linked to the external power source and the second generator is regenerated or powered according to the wind turbine output and the load of the first generator, and the output of the first generator is increased. You may make it adjust.

  In addition, the first generator may be linked to an external power source and the first generator may be regeneratively operated or powered in accordance with the wind turbine output to adjust the output of the second generator.

  In addition, the wind turbine shaft and the generator shaft are detachably connected by a clutch, and when there is no wind or the wind is not enough to rotate the wind turbine, the first generator is driven as an electric motor by an external power source, You may make it output to a load from a generator.

  One of the first and second generators may be used as a frequency generator or an analog generator.

  The power generator includes a voltage detection means for detecting a winding voltage of each phase of the first and second generators, and a winding voltage of one phase among the phases of the first and second generators. And a means for calculating an analog voltage waveform of the winding voltage of the one phase based on a value obtained by multiplying the winding voltage of each other phase by a predetermined magnetic coupling constant.

  Further, the power generation device may control the power generation output by applying a d-axis current to the electric motor at the time of large torque or high speed rotation to perform field weakening control.

  In the power generator, the generator may have salient poles of each phase N (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the in-phase salient poles may be arranged every 360 degrees in terms of electrical angle.

  In the generator, the windings may be connected in series in the same set of one phase, and one set winding and another set of windings may be connected in parallel.

  Moreover, you may arrange | position each salient pole at an equal angle with respect to the rotating shaft of a rotor.

  Further, the rotating shaft of the windmill and the rotating shaft of the electric motor may be directly connected without using a gear.

  According to the present invention, since electric power is generated using an electric motor (multiple motor) having a predetermined winding configuration that enables a reduction in size and an increase in torque while realizing a low cogging torque, startability, low It is possible to realize a power generator that exhibits excellent noise characteristics. In addition, when applied to wind power generation, this motor can be easily multipolarized, and even if it is multipolar, the number of slots (number of salient stator poles, but not including secondary salient poles) is the same as that of a normal motor. Since it is not accompanied by an extreme increase, it can be designed with high torque and a high output can be obtained from a low wind speed range, so there is no need to provide a speed increasing gear, and the apparatus can be miniaturized.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a power generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following embodiments, a wind power generator that generates power using wind power will be described as an example. However, it goes without saying that the technical idea of the present invention can be similarly applied to a system that generates power using power other than wind power. Yes. For example, the present invention can also be applied to a power generation device using hydraulic power, wave power, an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, or a geothermal turbine as power. In the following examples, the terms “inverter” and “converter” are used. Usually, an inverter means a device that converts DC to AC, and a converter means a device that converts AC to DC. However, the following is used without regard to the above example. For example, if an inverter is also used in the regenerative operation of an electric motor, it operates as a converter from AC to DC, so the power converter directly connected to the electric motor (generator) is called an inverter, and the other power converter is called a converter. To do.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention. The wind turbine generator includes a propeller (windmill) 1 that receives wind power, and an electric motor 3 that converts wind force received by the propeller 1 into electric energy. In the electric motor 3, a first generator G1 and a second generator G2 are formed in the same stator core inside (a specific configuration will be described later).

  Inverters 11 and 13 for converting the generated AC voltage into DC voltage are connected to the first generator G1 and the second generator G2, respectively. Batteries 15 and 17 that store outputs from the inverters 11 and 13 are connected to the inverters 11 and 13, respectively. Converters 21 and 23 for converting a DC voltage into a desired voltage are connected to batteries 15 and 17, respectively. The operations of inverters 11 and 13 and converters 21 and 23 are controlled by control circuit 25 via control signals S1 to S3. Note that a rectifier circuit constituted by a diode bridge may be used instead of the inverters 11 and 13. In the following description, the power generation system including the first power generator G1 is referred to as “first power generation system”, and the power generation system including the second power generator G2 is referred to as “second power generation system”. Note that, when the inverters 11 and 13 are used, the converters 21 and 25 can be omitted from the system because the DC voltage output to the inverter itself is controlled to be constant.

  As described above, the wind turbine generator of the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of generators G1 and G2 in one electric motor, and connected to the inverters 11 and 13 respectively to provide a plurality of power generation systems. The switching element in the inverter can be reduced in size. In addition, even if an inverter of one power generation system fails, power generation can be performed in another power generation system, so that redundancy at the time of failure can be improved.

  Here, the detailed internal structure of the electric motor 3 used for the power generator of this embodiment is demonstrated. FIG. 2 shows the structure of the electric motor 3 of this embodiment. The electric motor 3 includes a rotor 80 and a stator 90. In the electric motor 3, the first generator G1 and the second generator G2 are formed in the same stator core.

  In the stator 90, a plurality of salient poles 91 are provided on the stator core, and windings 93a, 93b, and 93c are wound around the salient poles 91. A larger number of permanent magnets 81 than the number of salient poles of the stator 90 are embedded in the rotor 80 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

Focusing on the U phase of the first generator G1 of the stator 90, one phase includes three windings 93a, 93b, 93c. And each winding 93a, 93b, 93c is wound by the salient pole so that a winding direction may turn into a reverse direction between adjacent windings. That is, the winding 93a and the winding 93c are wound in the same direction, but the windings 93a and 93c and the winding 93b are wound in opposite directions. In-phase voltage is applied to the windings 93a, 93b, 93c in the same phase. The other phases of the first generator G1 are similarly configured. In the present embodiment and subsequent embodiments, the power generation device includes the electric motor 3 having the following characteristics.
1) A plurality of salient poles were provided on the stator.
2) In each phase of the stator, the windings wound around the adjacent salient poles are wound on the salient poles in opposite directions.
3) More permanent magnets than the number of salient poles of the stator are embedded in the rotor.
4) In-phase voltage is applied to windings of the same phase.

The configuration of the electric motor having the above characteristics is disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. WO03 / 084034. In this embodiment, one phase includes three windings wound around salient poles, but the number of windings included in one phase is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more. In the following description, an electric motor having the above characteristics is referred to as a “multi-motor”, and in particular, when three windings are included in one phase as in the present embodiment, it is referred to as a “three-motor”. The relationship between the number of salient poles of the stator and the number of slots and the number of poles of the rotor in the multi-furcated motor is shown.

  As described above, by using a multi-piece motor as a generator, it becomes possible to realize low cogging driving for a motor having a rotor with a permanent magnet embedded and a stator wound in a concentrated manner, and downsizing. High torque and low cogging drive can be realized at the same time.

  The first generator G1 has three phases of U, V, and W, each phase includes three windings, and each phase is spaced so that three salient poles are included. The second generator G2 is composed of windings wound around salient poles between the phases of the first generator G1, that is, windings wound around salient poles not used in the first generator G1. Is done. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the second generator G2 also forms one phase with three windings, like the first generator G1. The mechanical phase relationship (arrangement angle) between the salient poles of the first generator G1 and the second generator G2 may be set freely. Such a configuration in which a plurality of motors are provided with a plurality of generators in the same stator core is disclosed in, for example, International Publication No. WO03 / 100909.

  Moreover, you may vary the electric power generation capacity | capacitance of 1st and 2nd generator G1, G2. For example, each power generation capacity is changed by about one digit. Then, the generator having the smaller capacity of the first and second generators G1 and G2 is used as an electric motor when the wind turbine generator is activated. In the case where it is not necessary to connect an inverter mainly to a generator for generating power, and it is only necessary to connect an inverter to a generator that is used at startup, the capacity of the inverter can be reduced, so that the entire system can be reduced in size.

  In this case, when the wind speed is equal to or less than the non-energized start speed of the windmill (the minimum wind speed at which the windmill can be started without energizing the motor 3), the generator with the smaller capacity is connected to the external power supply or the self-generated power supply (battery 17). ) May be driven. As a result, it is possible to recover energy even when the wind is activated and the wind force is equal to or less than (viscous load of the generator + static friction load).

  Moreover, in said electric power generating apparatus, you may vary the electric power generation constant of 1st and 2nd generator G1, G2. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the rotational speed (ω) and the output voltage (V) of the first and second generators G1, G2. In FIG. 3, the straight line A shows the power generation constant of the second generator G2, and the straight line B shows the power generation constant of the first generator G1. In this case, if the generator to be used is switched depending on the wind speed (rotation speed), the output voltage can be kept substantially constant regardless of the wind speed. For example, in the example of FIG. 3, when the wind power is weak (for example, when the rotational speed is ω1), the second generator G2 showing the characteristics of the straight line A is used, and when the wind power is strong (for example, when the rotational speed is ω2). Can use the first generator G1 exhibiting the characteristic of the straight line B. Thereby, the output voltage as a power generator can be kept substantially constant regardless of the wind speed. In a system with only one power generation constant, if the optimum wind speed is set to a relatively high place, only a low voltage is generated even if the wind turbine rotates at a place where the wind speed is low, and sufficient voltage supply to the load is possible. However, according to this configuration, the generator characteristics can be optimally set over a wide range of wind speeds. In addition, since the voltage change range can be set small, the design of the inverter and converter becomes easy.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 4 shows another configuration of the wind power generator. The basic configuration is the same as in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the generator G2 that is one of the two generators G1 and G2 is operated as a motor or a generator according to the wind speed, thereby adjusting the fluctuation of the power generation output due to the change in the wind speed. .

  For example, the control circuit 25 receives the wind speed ωg (corresponding to the generator rotational speed ωg), and when the wind speed ωg is larger than a predetermined value (that is, when the amount of power generated by the first generator G1 is too large), the switch 25 By turning on 40, the load 42 is connected to the second generator G2 side, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the motor 3 and suppressing the amount of power generation. The wind speed ωg can be detected from an induced voltage from the electric motor 3, a motor current, an external rotation detector, or the like.

  When the wind speed ωg is smaller than a predetermined value and the amount of power generated by the first generator G1 is small, the control circuit 25 operates the second generator G2 side as a motor to increase the rotation speed of the motor 3. The frequency and voltage of the power generation output are kept constant (see the configuration shown in FIG. 4B).

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, fluctuations in the output voltage of the power generation device can be suppressed by causing one power generation system to operate as a motor or a generator according to the wind speed.

(Embodiment 3)
In a wind power generator, when wind power exceeds a certain level and excessive power generation occurs, control is required to suppress the generated power to a constant value. Since these controls are performed by the control circuit 25, the control circuit 25 must always be in an active state. However, if a strong wind blows when the battery that supplies power to the control circuit 25 is empty, the control circuit 25 does not operate because sufficient power is not supplied to the control circuit 25, and the generated power is suppressed. Control is not performed. For this reason, overvoltage may be generated and the system may be destroyed.

  Below, the structure for solving said subject is demonstrated. FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the wind turbine generator of this embodiment. The basic configuration is the same as in the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, one of the two generators is used as a control power source that supplies drive power to the control circuit 25.

  In FIG. 5, the first power generation system including the first generator G1 mainly serves as a power source that supplies power to the load 41, and the second power generation system including the second generator G2 supplies power to the control circuit 25. A control power supply for supplying power to the battery 18 is used. The control circuit 25 receives power from the battery 18 and controls the operations of the inverters 11 and 13 and the converter 21.

The operation of the power generation device having the above configuration will be described.
1) When a gust of wind blows when the battery 18 has not reached the control voltage, the switch 44 is off.
2) When a gust of wind blows and the rotational speed of the windmill begins to increase, the generator G2 starts generating power and the capacitor 16 is charged.
3) When the voltage V1 of the capacitor 16 reaches the control voltage (for example, 12V), the control circuit 25 recovers its function, causes the switch 44 to perform PWM operation, and starts charging the battery 18.
4) At the same time, the control circuit 25 starts monitoring the wind speed (rotor speed).
5) If the rotational speed exceeds a predetermined critical speed at this stage, the brake 45 is activated. The holding power of the brake 45 is supplied from the capacitor 16.
6) If the gust of wind has not healed after consuming the electric power of the capacitor 16, the windmill starts to rotate again, but the operations 2) to 5) are repeated.
7) In the meantime, the battery 18 continues to be charged by operating the switch 44 by PWM operation or the like.
8) Once the battery 18 is fully charged, the system will recover and normal control of the gust will also recover.

  Thus, in this embodiment, the battery 18 that supplies power to the control circuit 25 is charged using one of the two generators formed in the same stator core. As a result, when the battery 18 supplying power to the control circuit 25 is empty and the wind speed gradually increases from 0, the battery 18 is first charged to quickly start up the control circuit 25. It can be raised. Thereby, even when the wind speed subsequently exceeds the allowable range, it is possible to prevent overpower generation by the first generator G1 by the control by the control circuit 25.

  In order to realize the above operation, the second generator G2 needs to generate a sufficient voltage that can drive the control circuit 25 from the time of light wind, that is, at the time of low speed rotation. However, if the second generator G2 is simply designed to generate a sufficient drive voltage from the low speed rotation, a higher voltage than necessary may be generated at the high speed rotation as shown by the broken line in FIG. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, the output of the second generator G2 needs to quickly reach the desired voltage during low-speed rotation, but increases in proportion to the rotation speed in the middle and high-speed rotation regions. It is preferable that the voltage be almost constant. Therefore, a configuration for solving this problem will be described below.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of the winding for suppressing the output in the high speed rotation region of the second generator G2. In the second generator G2, control windings B11, B12, B21,... Are provided in addition to the windings A11, A12, A21,. The power generation windings A11, A12, A21,... Are windings that generate an induced voltage by rotational movement. The control windings B11, B12, B21,... Are windings for suppressing the generated voltage in the middle / high speed rotation range. Each of the control windings B11, B12, B21,... Is wound around a salient pole, and both ends of each are short-circuited to form a short ring. In general, the short ring has a function of preventing a change in magnetic flux passing through it, and the effect becomes more remarkable as the frequency increases. By using the control windings B11, B12, B21,... Using the characteristics of the short ring, it is possible to realize output characteristics with suppressed voltage increase in the middle / high speed range as shown by the solid line in FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the winding configuration for suppressing the output in the high speed rotation region of the second generator G2. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the winding is wound directly around the salient pole. However, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the bridge 61 is provided between the salient poles, and the power generation winding A <b> 11 is provided to the bridge 61. A12, A21,..., Control windings B1, B2, B3 are wound. Each of the control windings B1, B2, B3 is short-circuited at both ends and functions as a short ring. The bridge 61 may be manufactured integrally with the stator portion, or may be manufactured as a separate body using a laminated iron plate or a block formed by sintering or molding.

  Magnetic flux φ1 entering the stator from the rotor becomes an AC magnetic field corresponding to the speed of the rotor. For this reason, a magnetic flux φ2 in a direction to cancel out the magnetic flux φ1 is generated in the control winding B1 whose both ends are short-circuited. The magnetic flux φ2 increases as the rotor speed increases and the frequency of the magnetic flux φ1 increases. The voltage induced in the power generation winding A1 is determined only by the magnetic flux φ1 when there is no control winding B1, and increases in proportion to the frequency of the magnetic flux φ1, but with the control winding B1, the magnetic flux φ2 becomes the magnetic flux φ1. Therefore, the voltage generated in the power generation winding A1 does not depend on the rotation speed, and becomes a substantially constant value.

  With the above configuration, even when the wind speed increases, the control power supply voltage can be prevented from exceeding a desired value and a control power supply with a substantially constant voltage can be realized.

  7 and 8, both ends of the control winding are short-circuited to form a short ring. However, both ends of the control winding are opened, generated from the rotor magnet, and linked to the power generation winding. An alternating current synchronized with the change of the magnetic flux may be applied from the outside to the open end so as to cancel the magnetic flux. Further, the number of windings of the short ring may be set arbitrarily.

(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 9 shows the configuration of the power generator of this embodiment. The power generator of this embodiment is based on the configuration having the two generators shown in the first embodiment (hereinafter referred to as “two generator motors”), and the output on the first generator G1 side is used for supplying commercial power. The power is linked to the power line 46 and the power generated by the first generator G1 is supplied to the power line 46. Here, the converter 21 in FIG. 9 performs DC-AC conversion, that is, so-called inverter operation. As described above, this converter can be omitted.

  1 differs from the example shown in FIG. 1 in that the output on the first generator G1 side is connected to the power line 46, and the converter 23 is not connected to the battery 17 connected to the second generator G2. The switch 44 is connected to a load 42 including a battery or a resistor.

  The second power generation system is independent of the first power generation system, and the second generator G2 is operated by either a generator operation (regeneration operation) or a motor operation (power running operation) to control the rotation speed of the motor 3. The power generation amount of the first generator G1 supplied to the power line 46 is adjusted to a predetermined value.

  The control circuit 25 detects the power fluctuation by detecting the output voltage Vl. The control circuit 25 turns on or off the switch 44 according to the power fluctuation, thereby connecting the second power generation system to the load 42 to perform a regenerative operation, or connecting it to the load 42 to perform a power running operation. Thereby, the rotation speed of the electric motor 3 is adjusted, and the electric power generation amount of the 1st generator G1 is adjusted. In this way, by performing the power running operation or the regenerative operation according to the power fluctuation on the second generator G2 side, it is possible to absorb the power fluctuation and stabilize the output power and the frequency of the first generator G1.

(Embodiment 5)
FIG. 10 shows the configuration of the power generator of this embodiment. The power generator of the present embodiment is based on the configuration of the two generator motor shown in the first embodiment, and the output on the first generator G1 side is system-linked to the power line 46 for supplying commercial power. The output on the first generator G1 side is connected to a predetermined load 42. Further, a clutch 48 is inserted between the propeller 1 and the electric motor 3 to enable transmission / cutoff of power. The clutch is controlled by the control circuit 25. The first power generation system and the second power generation system are independent power systems.

  In the power generation device configured as described above, the power generated by the second power generation system is supplied to the load 42 and driven. At this time, the fluctuation of the output power supplied from the second power generation system to the load 42 is adjusted by performing a power running operation or a regenerative operation in accordance with the wind speed in the first power generation system.

  For example, when the wind power is strong and the voltage generated by the second generator G2 is greater than the rated value, the first generator G1 is regeneratively operated to supply power to the power line 46, whereby the rotation speed of the motor 3 is increased. And the output voltage of the second generator G2 is controlled to the rated value. In this case, the rotating shaft of the propeller 1 and the electric motor 3 are connected by the clutch 48.

  On the other hand, when the wind power is light or zero and the output power is insufficient, the rotary shaft of the propeller 1 and the motor 3 are separated by the clutch 48, and the first generator G1 is operated by the electric power from the power line 46. The rotational speed of the electric motor 3 is increased. Thereby, the electric power generation voltage by the 2nd generator G2 is raised, and an output voltage is controlled to a rated value.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the amount of power supplied from the second generator G2 to the load 42 is adjusted by adjusting the amount of power supplied from or supplied to the power line 46 by the first generator G1. Control to a constant value.

(Embodiment 6)
In the embodiment described above, an example in which one of the generators provided in the same stator core is used as a frequency generator or an analog generator will be described.

  When the phase windings of the first and second generators G1, G2 are arranged as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the windings from the U, V, W phases of the second generator G2 By passing the voltage through a waveform shaping circuit as shown in FIG. 11B, a pulse waveform signal whose phase is shifted by 120 degrees as shown in FIG. 11C is obtained. The pulse waveform signal thus obtained can be used as a control signal for position detection, speed, etc. when controlling the power generation operation of the first generator G1. FIG. 11 shows a five or two generator motor as an example.

(Embodiment 7)
In the sixth embodiment, the generation of the pulse waveform signal from the winding voltages of the U, V, and W phases of the second generator G2 has been described. This embodiment demonstrates the structure which obtains the waveform-shaped analog sine wave signal from each phase winding voltage of 1st and 2nd generator G1, G2.

  In order to obtain an analog sine wave signal, first, the voltage of the stator winding of each phase of the first and second generators G1 and G2 is detected by voltage detection means (not shown). Then, the control circuit 25 multiplies the detected voltage of the phase other than the desired phase by the coupling constant between that phase and the desired phase, and subtracts each voltage multiplied by the coupling constant from the detected voltage of the desired phase. Thus, an analog sine wave signal whose waveform is shaped can be obtained. The analog waveform signal obtained in this way can also be used as a control signal for position detection or the like when controlling the power generation operation of the first generator G1.

  The above processing will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12A shows the coupling constant between the phases. An example of obtaining a U-phase analog sine wave signal of the second generator G2 will be described. In this case, the detection voltages Vv2, Vw2,... Of phases other than the U phase of the second generator G2 are multiplied by coupling constants M12, M13,. As shown in FIG. 12B, the waveform-shaped analog sine wave signal Vu2 can be obtained by subtracting each voltage multiplied by the coupling constant from the detection voltage Vu2. Similarly, sinusoidal signals Vv2 and Vw2 can be obtained.

(Embodiment 8)
A preferred configuration of the multi-furcated motor used in each of the above embodiments will be described.

  In a multi-furcated motor, the windings of each phase of the stator are separated into N (N is an integer of 2 or more) sets, and the salient poles of each set of the same phase are arranged at approximately 360 degrees in electrical angle. When the windings are separated into two sets, arranging the windings of the same phase every approximately 360 degrees in electrical angle means arranging every 180 degrees in mechanical angle. When the windings are separated into three sets, the same-phase windings are arranged at a mechanical angle of approximately every 120 degrees. That is, when the windings are separated into N sets, the windings of the same phase are arranged at a mechanical angle approximately every (360 / N) degrees.

  FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the arrangement of the windings when only one generator is formed on the stator core in the three-branch motor. For example, the U-phase winding is separated into a set of windings u11, u12, u13 wound for each salient pole and a set of windings u14, u15, u16 wound for each salient pole. ing. These are arranged 180 degrees apart from each other. As shown in FIG. 15, the windings u11, u12 and u13 and the windings u14, u15 and u16 are connected in series, respectively. A set of windings u11, u12, u13 and a set of windings u14, u15, u16 are connected in parallel. The reason for connecting the group consisting of the windings u11, u12, u13 and the group consisting of the windings u14, u15, u16 in parallel is that the impedance increases when they are connected in series, and it is necessary to use a thick copper wire. Because it occurs.

  FIG. 14 shows the arrangement of the windings when two generators are formed on the same stator core in a five-motor. In FIG. 14, the U-phase winding of the first generator G1 is composed of a winding group U1 and a winding group U′1, and the V-phase winding is composed of a winding group V1 and a winding group V′1. The W-phase winding includes a winding group W1 and a winding group W′1. The windings wound around the five salient poles included in the winding group U1 are connected in series, and the winding group U1 and the winding group U′1 are connected in parallel. The same applies to the V phase and the W phase. The windings U2 to W′2 of the second generator G2 are arranged between the windings U1 to W′1 of the first generator G1. Similarly to the first generator, one phase is divided into two winding groups for the second generator, and each phase is arranged every 360 degrees in electrical angle.

  When only one set of windings of the same phase is provided, a radial force acts on the rotating shaft of the rotor when energized, whereas the windings of the same phase are divided into a plurality of sets as described above. By arranging every 360 degrees in electrical angle, windings of the same phase are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator, so that the radial force cancels out against the rotation axis (silent rotation) Can be realized.)

  Further, as shown in FIG. 16, it is preferable to arrange the salient poles of the stator in the same phase so that the angles θ formed by the centers of the salient poles and the rotation axis are substantially equal. preferable. This θ is defined by M, which is 2P = 3 * M + α (α is a positive integer of 2 or less) when the number of rotor poles is 2P (meaning that there are 2P NS poles). An angle substantially equal to 360 / (3M), or an angle approximately equal to θ = 360 / T, where T is the number of all salient poles of the first generator and the second generator, and the example of FIG. Then, θ1 = θ2 = θ3 = θ4 = θ.

  In the power generator of the above embodiment, the phase of the d-axis current flowing through the motor 3 may be adjusted during large torque or high-speed rotation, and the field weakening control may be performed to adjust the generated voltage.

  Further, in the conventional power generator, the propeller 1 and the electric motor 3 are connected via a speed increasing gear in order to obtain a higher output, and since the speed increasing gear is provided, the apparatus is large. It was. In the power generation apparatus of the above-described embodiment, by using a multi-furcated motor, it is possible to generate power from a low speed region, and it is not necessary to transmit power to the generator by increasing rotation by wind power. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17, it is possible to directly connect the rotating shaft 4 of the electric motor 3 to the rotating shaft 2 of the propeller 1 via the joint 5 without using the speed increasing gear. Since no gear is used in this way, the power generator can be reduced in size and noise.

  In each of the above embodiments, the description has been made based on the two-generation motor in which two generators are configured in the same stator core. However, the motor in which three or more generators are configured in the same stator core. Even if it is a structure, the idea of this invention is applicable similarly. In this case, for example, if at least one of the plurality of generators is controlled so as to satisfy the technical idea of each of the above-described embodiments, the same effect as described in each of the embodiments can be obtained. In the above description, the motor (generator) has been described using an example that does not include a secondary salient pole. However, for the purpose of further reducing the cogging torque to all the stator salient poles or a specific salient pole, It is also possible to provide it.

  The present invention is useful for wind power generators. In addition, the present invention can be applied to a power generation apparatus that generates power using hydraulic power, wave power, an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine, or a geothermal turbine as power.

Configuration diagram of Embodiment 1 of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention The figure which showed the structure of the electric motor (multiple motor) used for a wind power generator The figure which showed the relationship between the rotation speed ((omega)) and output voltage (V) of 1st and 2nd generator G1, G2. Configuration diagram of Embodiment 2 of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention Configuration diagram of Embodiment 3 of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention The figure which shows the output characteristic of the 2nd generator which is control power supply The figure which showed the structure of the coil | winding (control coil | winding) for suppressing the output in the high speed rotation area of a 2nd generator. The figure which showed another structure of the coil | winding (control coil | winding) for suppressing the output in the high speed rotation area of a 2nd generator. Configuration diagram of Embodiment 4 of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention Configuration diagram of Embodiment 5 of the wind turbine generator according to the present invention The figure for demonstrating the example which uses one generator as a frequency generator in 5 or 2 generator motors The figure for demonstrating the example which uses one generator as an analog generator in 5 or 2 generator motors The figure explaining arrangement | positioning of the coil | winding when only one generator is formed in the same stator core in 3 or a motor The figure which showed arrangement of winding when two generators are formed in the same stator core in 5 or motor A diagram for explaining a configuration in which a series winding and a parallel winding are mixed in the same phase The figure which shows the structure of the stator arrange | positioned so that the angle which the center of a salient pole makes with a rotating shaft may become substantially equal. The figure explaining the gearless structure of the wind power generator concerning the present invention

Explanation of symbols

1 Propeller (Windmill)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Electric motor 11, 13 Inverter 15, 17 Battery 21, 23 Converter 25 Control circuit 80 Rotor 81 Permanent magnet 90 Stator 91 Salient pole 93a-93c Winding G1, G2 Generator provided in the same stator core of an electric motor

Claims (19)

A power generator that includes a rotor and a stator in which permanent magnets are embedded, and that generates electric power using an electric motor having a predetermined winding configuration,
In the electric motor having the predetermined winding configuration, a plurality of salient poles are provided on the stator core, and in each phase of the stator, the salient windings wound on adjacent salient poles are opposite to each other. A power generator that is wound on a pole, embedded with a larger number of permanent magnets than the number of salient poles of a stator, and applied with a voltage of the same phase to windings of the same phase.   The power generator according to claim 1, further comprising a windmill for receiving wind power, wherein the electric motor is caused to perform a power generation operation by a rotational force of the windmill.   The electric motor includes a plurality of generators including at least first and second generators provided in the same stator core, and an inverter or a rectifier circuit is connected to each of the generators. 2. The power generator according to 2.   4. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the first and second generators have different power generation capacities, and the generator with the smaller capacity is operated as a motor when the wind turbine is started.   4. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the first and second generators have different power generation constants, and the generator to be used is switched according to the wind speed.   4. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of generators is operated as a motor or a generator according to a wind speed to adjust a change in a windmill rotational speed due to the wind speed.   The first and second generators have different generation capacities, and when the wind speed is lower than the minimum wind speed at which the windmill can be started without energizing the motor, the generator with the smaller generation capacity is supplied with power. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the wind turbine is started by supplying an electric motor. A control circuit for controlling the inverter, and a control power supply for supplying power to the control circuit;
The power generator according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of generators charges the control power source.   9. The power generator according to claim 8, wherein in the second generator, a voltage control winding for suppressing a change in magnetic flux generated in the power generation winding is wound together with the power generation winding.   The first generator is linked to an external power source, and the second generator is regenerated or powered by a wind turbine output and a load of the first generator. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the output is adjusted.   The first generator is connected to an external power source in a system, and the first generator is regenerated or powered in accordance with a wind turbine output to adjust the output of the second generator. The power generator according to claim 3.   The wind turbine shaft and the generator shaft are detachably connected by a clutch, and when the wind is not windy or the wind turbine cannot rotate the wind turbine, the first generator is driven as an electric motor by an external power source, and the second The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the power is output from the generator to a load.   13. The power generator according to claim 12, wherein one of the first and second generators is used as a frequency generator or an analog generator.   Voltage detection means for detecting the winding voltage of each phase of the first and second generators, winding voltage of one phase among the phases of the first and second generators, and each of the other 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising means for calculating an analog voltage waveform of the winding voltage of the one phase based on a value obtained by multiplying the winding voltage of the phase by a predetermined magnetic coupling constant. Power generator.   The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein a field-weakening control is performed by flowing a d-axis current to the electric motor at the time of a large torque or at a high speed rotation so as to suppress a power generation output.   15. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the generator has N-phase salient poles (N is an integer of 2 or more), and the in-phase salient poles are arranged every 360 degrees in electrical angle. The power generator according to any one of the above.   The generator according to claim 16, wherein the generator is configured such that windings are connected in series in the same set of one phase, and one set of windings and another set of windings are connected in parallel. .   The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein each salient pole is disposed at an equal angle with respect to the rotation axis of the rotor. The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the rotating shaft of the windmill and the rotating shaft of the electric motor are directly connected without a gear.

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