JP2006075146A - Construction of small-scale green land having maintenance-free characteristic - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a maintenance-free vegetation method of assembly type useful for a rooftop or a veranda of town in spite of a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: The method for forming a green land comprises providing a maintenance-free raising box of assembly type in an area 1-1 for forming a green land, absorbing water in a lightweight member (2) such as bamboo charcoal, charcoal, etc., having water retention ability packed in a water tank (1) in the area 1-1 and installing a water retention belt for roof vegetation to attain maintenance-free and lightweight rooftop vegetation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to green space formation for forming a maintenance-free green space on a concrete floor such as a rooftop or a veranda.

Problems to be solved by the prior art and the invention

Now that global warming has started to have a serious impact on the environment, we must contribute to the prevention of global warming as much as we can. In addition, due to the declining birthrate and aging of society, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to the care of people.
In recent years, horticultural therapies such as gardening and curriculum gardens have attracted attention in urban areas as part of mental care for the elderly. However, urban dwellers who need horticultural therapies such as gardening and kitchen gardens do not have green spaces to do this. Therefore, the soil is carried into a small space on the rooftop or veranda.

Conventionally, when green spaces are formed on concrete floors such as rooftops and verandas, water is stored by putting soil in containers such as planters, or soil is laid on the concrete floor to increase water retention capacity, A green area was formed. However, there are many problems in forming green space on concrete.

First, on the rooftop, it becomes a high temperature of 60 ° C. or higher in summer due to radiant heat and heat accumulation of concrete. In addition, the amount of soil must be minimized so that the rooftop is not overloaded, and irrigation is essential for plant growth. However, irrigation causes serious damage such as rain leaks in the building. Moreover, when managers such as vegetable gardens go out for long-term trips for irrigation, there is a drawback that they cannot easily go out.

Problems to be solved by the invention

A means of securing sufficient water to withstand the harsh environment of plants.

A method of forming green spaces with high waterproofing performance that does not cause serious damage to buildings such as water leakage.

A maintenance-free green space formation method that does not worry about irrigation even if there is no green space manager for long trips.

Light green area formation method that does not give excessive weight load to the rooftop and veranda.

Means for solving the problem

The present invention will be described below. In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are appended in parentheses, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

The present invention solves the problem of water leakage to a building by constructing an assembling-type green space (1) having a high waterproofing capacity in the area (1-1) forming the green space.
In addition, a partition plate (7) that forms a water storage tank using a partition plate for water storage may be installed inside the assembled green space (1) having a high waterproof capability in order to increase the water storage capability.

A lightweight porous member (2) having a high water retention capacity is laid as a water retention zone at the bottom of the assembly green space. The material of the member is preferably bamboo charcoal or charcoal, but may be activated carbon or zeolite as long as the water retention capability is high. This solves the problem of irrigation of plants, and at the same time reduces the weight of the entire green space by giving water retention 50 times that of soil.

Furthermore, a lightweight filler (3) made of foamed polystyrene or foamed plastic is installed on the upper part of the porous member. Thereby, the filling amount of the soil (4) is further reduced and the weight of the green space is reduced. The lightweight filler is not limited to foamed polystyrene or foamed plastic, but can be used as long as it is lightweight, such as wood or urethane, and is not limited to the above members.

The water level inside the water tank can be freely adjusted according to the position of the drainage groove (5), and the setting can be changed according to the environmental conditions of the installation location. In areas where rainfall is low, the position of the drainage ditch is set high, and in areas where rainfall is relatively high, the position of the drainage ditch is lowered.

The supply of water to the soil (4) serving as the plant culture medium is gradually supplied from the lightweight porous member (2) at the bottom serving as the water storage tank in accordance with the water requirement of the plant. In addition, since lightweight porous members having a water retention capability such as charcoal and charcoal have countless fine holes in which bacteria tend to live, water is always purified, and plants do not cause root rot.

Moreover, the water overflowed from the drainage groove (5) flows into the adjacent water storage tank (6) and is absorbed by a lightweight member having a water retention capability such as bamboo charcoal or charcoal filled in the adjacent water storage tank.

The adjacent water tank (6) not only stores the overflowed water, but is always supplied to the lightweight porous member (2) through a hole formed in the bottom of the water tank. In the water tank (6), fertilizer may be dissolved to supply nutrients to the plant.

Effects and effects of the invention

Examples of the present invention will be described below.

This example is the building roof of the Thai National Army 3rd District Command Division in Phitsanulok (about 500 km north of Bangkok) in Thailand. The climate of Phitsanulok is from December to March with a dry season and monthly precipitation of 10 mm or less, but during the rainy season from April to November, monthly precipitation is 50 to 250 mm. Especially from July to October, it becomes 150 mm to 250 mm. The monthly average temperature is 25 ° C to 30 ° C, but it is slightly low in the dry season and high in the rainy season. The temperature range between day and night is large during the dry season and small during the rainy season. The experiment period was from February 11 to March 5, 2004. During this time, the precipitation was only a few millimeters. This is an example on the roof of the Auditorium of Phisanorok 3rd Base, Kingdom of Thailand.

First, bamboo charcoal and styrene foam were laid, and 20 kg of soil was placed on all boxes. At that time, half of the weight of bamboo charcoal was powdered and mixed with granular material and laid in a box. Moreover, the drain outlet was installed in the lower surface of each soil layer.

Installation of observation equipment: 1) Soil moisture meter: A soil moisture meter (TDR: C-CS-615, Climatec) was installed in the soil of all boxes, measured at 30-minute intervals, and recorded (TDR: C-TDR100, Ckimatec). 2) Soil thermometer: The soil surface layer of all the boxes and the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm were measured at 30-minute intervals with a thermosensor with data logger (Ondori Hi: TR-81, T & D). 3) Heat flow meter (measurement of heat transfer to the ground): In four boxes of 20% expanded polystyrene, heat flux (transfer) on the soil surface is measured at 30 minute intervals with a heat flow meter (MF-180, EKO). It was measured.
4) Long / short wave radiometer: The amount of long / short wave radioactivity above and below the roof concrete surface was measured with a long / short wave radiometer (MR-50, EKO) on a fine day from February 11 to 12. At that time, the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere were also measured at intervals of 30 minutes at two altitudes (30 cm and 200 cm above the ground). Further, from February 13 to March 5, a long / short wave radiometer was moved immediately above 10 kg of bamboo charcoal + 20% expanded polystyrene, and measured in the same manner along with two altitudes of temperature and humidity.

At the start of the above experiment (February 11), sufficient irrigation was performed on each box, and no irrigation was performed thereafter.

これらから、初期には竹炭または発泡スチロールの全く含まない区（ボックス）が相対的に高い土壌湿度を保持していたが、その後約１カ月間、日中温度が３５℃を上回る日々が続き、無灌水（無降水）状態が継続される中で、どの区も土壌湿度は低下し続けるが、竹炭や発泡スチロールが少ない区ほど、その減少率は大きく、それに対して竹炭２０ｋｇ区や発泡スチロール３０％区が比較的高い土壌湿度を保持し続けている傾向が見られる。そこで、竹炭２０ｋｇ＋発泡スチロール３０％と竹炭０ｋｇ＋発泡スチロール０％の土壌湿度の推移を比較すれば、その差異が明瞭となる（図５）。

Results Changes in soil humidity (maximum water volume ratio,%) of each box from the start of the experiment to the end of March 2 are shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.

As a result, the area containing no bamboo charcoal or styrene foam at the beginning maintained a relatively high soil humidity. While irrigation (no precipitation) continues, the soil humidity continues to decrease in all districts, but the districts with less bamboo charcoal and styrofoam have a higher rate of decrease, whereas the 20kg bamboo charcoal and 30% styrofoam districts There is a tendency to keep relatively high soil humidity. Then, if the transition of the soil humidity of bamboo charcoal 20kg + expanded polystyrene 30% and bamboo charcoal 0kg + expanded polystyrene 0% is compared, the difference becomes clear (FIG. 5).

Examination of optimal bamboo charcoal weight and volume ratio of styrene foam and quantitative evaluation of effects of these soil amendments on water and heat balance

It is almost clear that the increase in bamboo charcoal weight and styrene foam volume ratio this time brings about soil moisture retention, daytime temperature rise and nighttime temperature reduction, but the effect is the largest bamboo charcoal amount 20 kg. The maximum volume ratio of polystyrene foam is 30%, which is the largest, and no upper limit value has been found in this experiment. That is, it is considered that the optimum values of bamboo charcoal and styrene foam exceed these weights and capacities.

This experiment suggests that there is an optimum value that exceeds at least the amount of bamboo charcoal equal to the soil and 30% styrene foam in the soil volume ratio. Since it is considered appropriate to verify these optimum values through detailed experiments that are possible for the first time in the laboratory, detailed laboratory experiments should be performed in combination with field experiments in the future.

This does not reduce the value of this experiment, but as a water retention material for bamboo charcoal and styrene foam, and as a heat island suppression material shown by the dramatic increase in latent heat, it has a greater effect and potential than expected. Means.

In other words, it was suggested that 20 kg of bamboo charcoal and 30% styrene foam can be maintained without irrigation even in Japan's summer drought. Furthermore, even in that case, the latent heat effect is maintained more than double that of concrete, and quantitative evaluation of the urban heat island suppression effect is possible. Furthermore, it was also found that the temperature rise of the roof of the building can be reduced by about 40 to 50 ° C. because the concrete surface under the roof greening may be suppressed to 30 ° C. or less.

This embodiment is an exemplary form in the case of greening the roof, and the present invention is not limited to the form shown in the figure.

It is a green space sectional view in an embodiment.

Claims (4)

In the area that forms the green space,
A process capable of constructing an assembly-type small-scale green space having waterproof capability in the area;
Forming a water storage tank using a partition plate for water storage in the region;
A step of providing a drainage groove in the water storage tank and adjusting the height to freely manage the increase or decrease in the amount of stored water;
A step of reducing the weight of an area for forming a green space by arranging a lightweight porous member or the like in the water tank;
Forming a water retention zone by filling the water tank with a substance containing a porous member having a water retention capability such as bamboo charcoal or charcoal;
Moisture transfer step of appropriately transpiration of water from a member having water retention ability such as bamboo charcoal or charcoal filled in the water tank and activating the plant,
The green space formation method characterized by comprising. In the area that forms the green space,
A process capable of constructing an assembly-type small-scale green space having waterproof capability in the area;
Forming a water storage tank using a partition plate for water storage in the region;
A lightweight member made of a porous material disposed in the water reservoir;
A member having water retention ability such as bamboo charcoal or charcoal filled in the water tank;
The greening member characterized by comprising. The greening member according to claim 2, wherein the greening member is unitized using a plant planted in the active layer and the green space forming method according to claim 1. The green space formation method characterized by arrange | positioning the unitized greening member of Claim 3 in the area | region which forms a green space.

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