JP2006068615A - Waste crushing method and waste crushing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste crushing method capable of properly crushing waste while preventing the damage to a crusher and avoiding a fall in the rate of operation when waste is crushed to a predetermined size by using the crusher, and waste crushing equipment. <P>SOLUTION: Vibration caused when waste is roughly crushed by using a bag tearing machine 2 is detected by a vibration sensor 21 and, when the magnitude of the detected vibration reaches a predetermined value or above and a magnet material difficult to crush by using the crusher 4 is determined to be contained, an electromagnetic separator 3 is operated to remove the magnet material difficult to crush. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing method and equipment for crushing waste into a predetermined size.

When recycling waste, for example, when producing solid waste fuel (RDF) from waste (general waste) that comes from ordinary households, including paper, plastic, cloth, wood chips, firewood, metal, etc. An object is finely crushed into a predetermined size by a crusher (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-46165

  Usually, when the waste is finely crushed to a predetermined size by a crusher, a plurality of crushers are combined. For example, when manufacturing RDF from general waste, it was first taken out while breaking the garbage bag containing the general waste with a bag breaker (first crusher) having a blade width of about 50 mm. General waste is roughly crushed to a size of about 100 mm, and then finely crushed to a predetermined size by a crusher (second crusher) having a blade width of about 25 mm.

  At that time, if the waste contains irons that are difficult to crush with a crusher (for example, bolts, nuts, iron pipes, etc.), the crusher, which is a fine blade with a blade width of about 25 mm, will be damaged. There is a risk of doing. Moreover, an operation rate will fall by it. Therefore, it is conceivable to remove heavy irons that are difficult to crush from waste with a magnetic separator before crushing finely with a crusher. Thin cans, irons attached to clothes, etc.) are unnecessarily sensed, and there is a problem that a large amount of flammable useful substances are unnecessarily removed. On the other hand, if the sensitivity (magnetic force) of the magnetic separator is lowered, the heavy irons that are difficult to crush cannot be removed, and the crusher cannot be damaged.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above. When crushing waste to a predetermined size by a crusher, the present invention is appropriate while preventing damage to the crusher and avoiding a reduction in operating rate. An object of the present invention is to provide a waste crushing method and equipment capable of crushing waste.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following features.

[1] A method of crushing waste using a first crusher that roughly crushes waste and a second crusher that crushes the roughly crushed waste further finely,
When the vibration during the crushing of the first crusher is detected and the vibration exceeds a predetermined value, the magnetic material is removed from the waste roughly crushed by the first crusher and then crushed by the second crusher. A method for crushing waste, characterized by:

[2] A method of crushing waste using a first crusher that roughly crushes waste and a second crusher that crushes the roughly crushed waste further finely,
The vibration during the crushing of the first crusher is detected, and when the vibration is a predetermined value or more, the waste roughly crushed by the first crusher is not crushed by the second crusher. Waste crushing method.

  [3] The above [1] or [2], wherein vibration during crushing of the second crusher is detected, and when the vibration is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the second crusher is temporarily stopped. The method for crushing waste described in 1.

[4] a first crusher for roughly crushing waste;
Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration during crushing of the first crusher;
A magnetic separator for removing magnetic materials from roughly crushed waste,
A second crusher for further crushing the roughly crushed waste,
The waste crushing facility, wherein the magnetic separator operates when the vibration detecting means detects a vibration of a predetermined value or more.

[5] a first crusher for roughly crushing waste;
Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration during crushing of the first crusher;
A second crusher for further crushing the roughly crushed waste,
And avoiding means for avoiding crushing in the second crusher,
The waste crushing facility, wherein the crushing by the second crusher is avoided by the avoiding means when the vibration detecting means detects a vibration of a predetermined value or more.

[6] A second vibration detecting means for detecting vibration during crushing of the second crusher,
The waste crushing facility according to the above [4] or [5], wherein the second crusher temporarily stops when the second vibration detecting means detects a vibration of a predetermined value or more.

  In the present invention, when the waste is crushed by combining the first crusher and the second crusher, the vibration generated in the first crusher is detected, and a large vibration is generated due to the waste that is not easily crushed. In this case, since the waste is processed so as not to be supplied to the second crusher, the waste can be appropriately crushed while preventing the crusher from being damaged and avoiding a decrease in the operation rate. .

  As an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is applied to the production of solid waste fuel (RDF) from waste (general waste) including paper, plastic, cloth, wood chips, firewood, metal, etc. This will be described as an example.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a flowchart of crushing processing in this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of crushing equipment used in this embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the crushing equipment used in this embodiment includes a receiving hopper 1 for receiving municipal waste stored in a garbage bag, a garbage bag containing municipal waste, and a garbage bag. A bag breaker 2 (first crusher) for roughly crushing the taken-out waste, and a crusher 4 (second crusher) for crushing the waste roughly crushed by the bag breaker 2 into a predetermined size Machine), and an electromagnetic magnetic separator 3 provided between the bag-breaking machine 2 and the crushing machine 4. In addition, the blade width of the bag breaker 2 is about 50 mm, and the blade width of the crusher 4 is about 25 mm.

  The bag breaker 2 is provided with a first vibration sensor (accelerometer) 21 for detecting vibration generated when the waste is roughly crushed by the bag breaker 2, and is attached to the rotating shaft or the cover. A magnetic separator control device 3a that controls the operation of the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3 based on the magnitude of vibration detected by the first vibration sensor 21 is provided. Here, when the magnitude (acceleration) of vibration detected by the first vibration sensor 21 is 5 G or more, waste that is difficult to be crushed by the crusher 4 (for example, irons such as bolts, nuts, iron pipes, etc.) is generated. It is judged that it is included, and the electromagnetic type magnetic separator 3 is energized to operate.

  Further, in consideration of the case where waste that is difficult to be crushed is not removed by the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3 and is supplied to the crusher 4 as it is, the crusher 4 includes a crusher 4 for crushing waste. A second vibration sensor (accelerometer) 22 is attached to the rotating shaft or cover for detecting the vibration generated in the machine, and the crusher 4 is operated based on the magnitude of the vibration detected by the second vibration sensor 22. A crusher control device 4a to be controlled is provided. Here, when the magnitude (acceleration) of vibration detected by the second vibration sensor 22 is 5G or more, waste (for example, irons such as bolts, nuts, and iron pipes) that is difficult to be crushed by the crusher 4 is generated. It is judged that it is contained, and the crusher 4 is temporarily stopped.

  Furthermore, the first transport conveyor 11 for transporting the general waste received in the receiving hopper 1 to the bag breaking machine 2 and the general waste taken out from the garbage bag by the bag breaking machine 2 and roughly crushed are shown in FIG. A second conveyor 12 for conveying the magnetic material, a discharge chute 13 for discharging the magnetic material sorted and separated by the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3, and a waste material crushed by the crusher 4 to the dryer 5 And a crushed material transport conveyor 14 for the purpose. In addition, the discharge gate 14a for stopping the conveyance to the dryer 5 and discharging waste as needed is provided in the end of the crushing material conveyance conveyor 14. FIG.

  A processing procedure for crushing general waste using the crushing equipment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, in step S <b> 1, the general waste stored in the garbage bag is received by the receiving hopper 1 and supplied to the bag breaking machine 2 by the first transport conveyor 11.

  Next, in step S2, the bag breaker 2 breaks the garbage bag containing the general waste, and coarsely crushes the general waste taken out of the garbage bag into a predetermined size (for example, about 100 mm). Then, the roughly crushed waste is conveyed toward the crusher 4 by the second conveyor 12.

  Next, in step S3, the magnetic separator control device 3a observes the magnitude of the vibration detected by the first vibration sensor 21, and if the detected vibration is less than a predetermined magnitude (5G), the crusher It is judged that no magnetic material that is difficult to crush at 4 is included, and the process proceeds to step S4. If the detected vibration is a predetermined magnitude (5G) or more, the magnetism that is difficult to crush by the crusher 4 is obtained. It is determined that an object is included, and the process proceeds to step S5.

  In step S <b> 4, the magnetic separator control device 3 a supplies the waste as it is to the crusher 4 without operating the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3. Then, the process proceeds to step S6.

  On the other hand, in step S5, the magnetic separator control device 3a energizes and operates the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3, and sorts and separates magnetic substances that are difficult to be crushed from the waste conveyed by the second conveyor 12. To do. The hard-to-crush magnetic material that has been sorted and separated is discharged out of the system via the discharge chute 13. Then, the waste after the hard-to-crush magnetic material has been sorted and separated is supplied to the crusher 4, and the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined that the magnetic material that is difficult to crush has been separated by the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3 based on the conveying speed of the second conveyor 12, the operation of the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3 is stopped.

  Next, in step S <b> 6, the supplied waste is finely crushed to a predetermined size by the crusher 4.

  At that time, in step S7, the crusher control device 4a observes the magnitude of vibration detected by the second vibration sensor 22, and if the detected vibration is less than a predetermined magnitude (5G), the crusher It is judged that the waste that is difficult to crush at 4 is not included, and the process proceeds to step S10. If the detected vibration is a predetermined magnitude (5G) or more, the waste that is difficult to crush by the crusher 4 is discarded. It is determined that an object is included, and the process proceeds to step S8.

  In step S8, the crusher control device 4a temporarily stops the crusher 4 and reverses the crusher 4 to remove waste that is difficult to crush. Further, if necessary, the conveyance to the dryer 5 is stopped and the waste is discharged from the discharge gate 14a. And if the crushing difficulty thing is removed, the action | operation of the crusher 4 will be restarted.

  On the other hand, in step S10, the waste crushed by the crusher 4 is transported to the dryer 5 by the crushed material transport conveyor 14, and moisture is adjusted to a predetermined moisture content.

  After that, although not shown in the figure, the solid fuel is solidified in the molding step of molding into a predetermined size through a sorting step for sorting and separating incombustibles unsuitable for the solid fuel, a mixing step for mixing lime, and the like. Become.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the vibration generated when the waste is roughly crushed by the bag breaking machine 2 is detected by the first vibration sensor 21, and the magnitude of the detected vibration becomes a predetermined value or more. Only when it is determined that the magnetic material that is difficult to be crushed by the crusher 4 is included, the electromagnetic magnetic separator 3 is operated to remove the magnetic material that is difficult to crush. The magnetic separator 3 is always operated, and lightly magnetic materials that are easy to crush (for example, thin cans, irons worn on clothes, etc.) are unnecessarily detected and caught in them. Thus, wasteful removal of a large amount of flammable useful materials is prevented. Then, the waste from which magnetic materials that are difficult to crush are removed is supplied to the crusher 4, and the crusher 4 is prevented from being damaged, and the waste is appropriately crushed while avoiding a decrease in the operation rate. can do.

  In addition, the vibration generated when the waste is crushed by the crusher 4 is detected by the second vibration sensor 22, and the magnitude of the detected vibration exceeds a predetermined value, so that the crushing by the crusher 4 is difficult to crush. When it is determined that an object is included, the crusher 4 is temporarily stopped, so that the crusher 4 can be more effectively prevented from being damaged.

  In this embodiment, the vibration sensor that detects the vibration based on the acceleration is used to detect the vibration of the bag breaking machine 2 and the vibration of the crusher 4, but the vibration sensor that detects the vibration based on the speed. (For example, a laser Doppler vibrometer) or a vibration sensor (for example, a capacitance displacement sensor or an eddy current displacement sensor) that detects vibration based on displacement may be used. Alternatively, a limit switch may be arranged so that when the displacement due to vibration exceeds a predetermined value, the limit switch is touched to be detected.

(Second Embodiment)
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 3 is a crushing process flowchart in this embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of crushing equipment used in this embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the crushing equipment used in this embodiment breaks the receiving hopper 1 for receiving the general waste stored in the garbage bag, the garbage bag storing the general waste, and from the garbage bag. A bag breaker 2 (first crusher) for roughly crushing the taken-out waste, and a crusher 4 (second crusher) for crushing the waste roughly crushed by the bag breaker 2 into a predetermined size Machine). In addition, the blade width of the bag breaker 2 is about 50 mm, and the blade width of the crusher 4 is about 25 mm.

  Furthermore, the first transport conveyor 11 for transporting the general waste received in the receiving hopper 1 to the bag breaking machine 2 and the general waste taken out from the garbage bag by the bag breaking machine 2 and roughly crushed are shown in FIG. A second conveyor 12 for transporting to the dryer, a crushed material conveyor 14 for transporting the waste crushed by the crusher 4 to the dryer 5, and a waste conveyed to the crusher 4 are required. Accordingly, a bypass gate 24 for avoiding the crusher 4 and a bypass chute 15 for avoiding the crusher 4 and transporting waste from the bypass gate 24 to the crushed material transport conveyor 14 are provided. In addition, the discharge gate 14a for stopping the conveyance to the dryer 5 and discharging waste as needed is provided in the end of the crushing material conveyance conveyor 14. FIG.

  The bag breaker 2 is provided with a first vibration sensor (accelerometer) 21 for detecting vibration generated when the waste is roughly crushed by the bag breaker 2, and is attached to the rotating shaft or the cover. A bypass gate control device 24 a that controls the operation of the bypass gate 24 based on the magnitude of vibration detected by the vibration sensor 23 is provided. Here, when the magnitude (acceleration) of vibration detected by the first vibration sensor 21 is 5 G or more, waste that is difficult to be crushed by the crusher 4 (for example, irons such as bolts, nuts, iron pipes, etc.) is generated. It is determined that the waste is contained, and the bypass gate 24 is turned on so that the waste is sent to the bypass chute 15.

  Further, in consideration of the case where waste that is difficult to be crushed is not sent to the bypass chute 15 and is supplied to the crusher 4 as it is, the crusher 4 is generated when the waste is crushed by the crusher 4. A second vibration sensor (accelerometer) 22 for detecting vibration is attached to the rotating shaft or the cover, and the operation of the crusher 4 is controlled based on the magnitude of vibration detected by the second vibration sensor 22. A crusher control device 4a is provided. Here, when the magnitude (acceleration) of vibration detected by the second vibration sensor 22 is 5G or more, waste (for example, irons such as bolts, nuts, and iron pipes) that is difficult to be crushed by the crusher 4 is generated. It is judged that it is contained, and the crusher 4 is temporarily stopped.

  The process sequence which crushes a general waste using the crushing apparatus comprised as mentioned above is demonstrated based on FIG.

  First, in step S <b> 11, the general waste stored in the garbage bag is received by the receiving hopper 1 and supplied to the bag breaking machine 2 by the first transport conveyor 11.

  Next, in step S12, the bag breaker 2 breaks the garbage bag containing the general waste, and coarsely crushes the general waste taken out of the garbage bag into a predetermined dimension (for example, about 100 mm). Then, the roughly crushed waste is conveyed toward the crusher 4 by the second conveyor 12.

  Next, in step S13, the bypass gate control device 24a observes the magnitude of the vibration detected by the first vibration sensor 21, and if the detected vibration is less than a predetermined magnitude (5G), the crusher 4 It is judged that wastes that are difficult to be crushed (difficult materials to be crushed) are not included, and the process proceeds to step S14. If the detected vibration is greater than or equal to a predetermined magnitude (5G), crushing by the crusher 4 Therefore, it is determined that waste (difficult to crush) is included, and the process proceeds to step S15.

  In step S <b> 14, the bypass gate control device 24 a turns off the bypass gate 24 and supplies waste to the crusher 4 as it is. Then, the process proceeds to step S16.

  In step S15, the bypass gate control device 24a turns on the bypass gate 24 so that the waste containing difficult-to-crush materials is passed from the bypass gate 24 to the crusher 4 by the bypass chute 15 to the crushed material transport conveyor 14. Transport. Then, the process proceeds to Step 20. Note that if it is determined that the waste containing the difficult-to-crush material is sent from the bypass gate 24 to the bypass chute 15 based on the conveyance speed of the second conveyor 12, the bypass gate 24 is returned to the OFF state.

  On the other hand, in step S <b> 16, the supplied waste is finely crushed to a predetermined size by the crusher 4.

  At that time, in step S17, the crusher control device 4a observes the magnitude of the vibration detected by the second vibration sensor 22, and if the detected vibration is less than a predetermined magnitude (5G), the crusher It is judged that no waste that is difficult to crush at 4 is included, and the process proceeds to step S20. If the detected vibration is a predetermined magnitude (5G) or more, waste that is difficult to crush by the crusher 4 is discarded. It is determined that an object is included, and the process proceeds to step S18.

  In step S18, the crusher control device 4a temporarily stops the crusher 4 and reverses the crusher 4 to remove waste that is difficult to crush. Further, if necessary, the conveyance to the dryer 5 is stopped and the waste is discharged from the discharge gate 14a. And if the crushing difficulty thing is removed, the action | operation of the crusher 4 will be restarted.

  In step S20, the waste transported to the dryer 5 by the crushed material transport conveyor 14 is adjusted to a predetermined moisture content.

  Next, in step S21, non-combustible materials that are inappropriate for the solid fuel are removed from the waste whose moisture has been adjusted by the dryer 5 as unsuitable materials by the sorting machine. At that time, difficult-to-crush materials are also removed as inappropriate.

  Then, although not shown in figure, it passes through the mixing process etc. which mix lime, and is finally solidified in the shaping | molding process shape | molded to a predetermined dimension, and becomes solid fuel.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the vibration generated when the waste is roughly crushed by the bag breaking machine 2 is detected by the first vibration sensor 21, and the magnitude of the detected vibration becomes a predetermined value or more. When it is determined that waste that is difficult to be crushed by the crusher 4 is contained, the crusher 4 is avoided and processed, so that the crusher 4 is prevented from being damaged and operated. The waste can be appropriately crushed while avoiding a decrease in rate.

  In addition, the vibration generated when the waste is crushed by the crusher 4 is detected by the second vibration sensor 22, and the magnitude of the detected vibration exceeds a predetermined value, so that the crushing by the crusher 4 is difficult to crush. When it is determined that an object is included, the crusher 4 is temporarily stopped, so that the crusher 4 can be more effectively prevented from being damaged.

  In this embodiment, the vibration of the bag breaking machine 2 is detected using a vibration sensor that detects vibration based on acceleration. However, a vibration sensor that detects vibration based on speed (for example, laser Doppler vibration). Or a vibration sensor (for example, a capacitance displacement sensor or an eddy current displacement sensor) that detects vibration based on displacement. Alternatively, a limit switch may be arranged so that when the displacement due to vibration exceeds a predetermined value, the limit switch is touched to be detected.

  In this embodiment, the crusher 4 is avoided using the bypass gate 24 and the bypass chute 15, but a bypass conveyor or the like may be used.

It is a flowchart of the crushing process in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic layout drawing of the crushing equipment in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart of the crushing process in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic layout drawing of the crushing equipment in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Accepting hopper 2 Bag breaker 3 Electromagnetic magnetic sorter 3a Magnetic sorter controller 4 Crusher 4a Crusher controller 5 Dryer 11 First transport conveyor 12 Second transport conveyor 13 Discharge chute 14 Crushed material transport conveyor 14a Discharge Gate 15 Bypass chute 21 First vibration sensor 22 Second vibration sensor 24 Bypass gate 24a Bypass gate control device

Claims (6)

A method of crushing waste using a first crusher for roughly crushing waste and a second crusher for further crushing roughly crushed waste,
When the vibration during the crushing of the first crusher is detected and the vibration exceeds a predetermined value, the magnetic material is removed from the waste roughly crushed by the first crusher and then crushed by the second crusher. A method for crushing waste, characterized by: A method of crushing waste using a first crusher for roughly crushing waste and a second crusher for further crushing roughly crushed waste,
The vibration during the crushing of the first crusher is detected, and when the vibration is a predetermined value or more, the waste roughly crushed by the first crusher is not crushed by the second crusher. Waste crushing method.   3. The waste according to claim 1, wherein vibration during crushing of the second crusher is detected, and the second crusher is temporarily stopped when the vibration exceeds a predetermined value. Crushing method. A first crusher for roughly crushing waste;
Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration during crushing of the first crusher;
A magnetic separator for removing magnetic material from roughly crushed waste,
A second crusher for further crushing the roughly crushed waste,
The waste crushing facility, wherein the magnetic separator operates when the vibration detecting means detects a vibration of a predetermined value or more. A first crusher for roughly crushing waste;
Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration during crushing of the first crusher;
A second crusher for further crushing the roughly crushed waste,
And avoiding means for avoiding crushing in the second crusher,
The waste crushing facility, wherein the crushing by the second crusher is avoided by the avoiding means when the vibration detecting means detects a vibration of a predetermined value or more. Comprising a second vibration detecting means for detecting vibration during crushing of the second crusher;
The waste crushing facility according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the second crusher temporarily stops when the second vibration detecting means detects a vibration of a predetermined value or more.

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