JP2006062384A - Control device of vehicle mounting refrigerator on it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a chill car with a compressor driving electric motor 2 of a refrigerator driven by a generator of an engine 4 for vehicle traveling capable of sufficiently cooling the engine and the refrigerator by stably driving them even when the vehicle stops and the engine is in an idling state. <P>SOLUTION: A control device 41 of the engine for traveling is furnished with a load following map in addition to a traveling time map to decide fuel supply quantity in traveling the vehicle and decides the fuel supply quantity by using the load following map when the compressor driven electric motor 2 is actuated in the case when the vehicle stops and the engine is in the idling state. It is possible to stably actuate the refrigerator and the engine since it is possible to restrain fluctuation of engine speed small as a ratio of variation of the fuel supply quantity for a change of the engine speed is larger with the load following map than with the traveling time map. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a control device for driving a compressor of a refrigerator in a vehicle such as a truck that is equipped with a refrigerator to enable temperature management of a luggage compartment in order to transport fresh food or frozen food. Is.

  With the recent diversification of consumer life, various types of goods have been transported in terms of logistics, and temperature management during transportation of fresh food products such as vegetables and seafood, processed foods or frozen foods has become possible. The handling of strictly demanded packages is also increasing. In order to transport such luggage, a refrigerator equipped with a refrigerator and keeping the temperature of the luggage compartment at a low temperature has come to be used frequently. In addition, as seen in the spread of home delivery services and the supply of goods to convenience stores, there is an increasing demand for delivery of small parcels or immediate delivery immediately after food processing. Since the loading and unloading of the baggage are frequently performed during this, the temperature change in the baggage compartment of the freezer car becomes severe, and the difficulty of temperature management increases.

  A refrigerator mounted on a refrigeration vehicle includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator that compress refrigerant, and cools the luggage compartment by sending the refrigerant, which has been cooled by the expansion valve, to the evaporator. The refrigerant circulates from the evaporator to the compressor and is compressed again by the compressor. And it is necessary to supply the motive power which drives this to a compressor.

  There are several ways to drive the compressor. For example, there is a system in which an auxiliary engine is mounted on a vehicle separately from an engine for driving the vehicle and a compressor is driven by this, which is adopted for a relatively large refrigeration vehicle. Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-127740, two compressors, a compressor driven by a traveling engine and a compressor driven by an electric motor, are provided, and the electric motor is connected with a commercial power source or an in-vehicle battery. Some refrigeration vehicles are configured to rotate. However, in these systems, two engines or compressors are required, which causes problems such as an increase in cost or difficulty in securing an installation space.

  On the other hand, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-56162, an electric motor for driving a compressor is provided, and electric power from a generator installed as an auxiliary machine in a vehicle running engine is adjusted for voltage and frequency. There is a method of supplying to a compressor driving motor through an inverter. Hereinafter, the compressor driving method of the refrigerator described in this publication will be described with reference to FIG.

  A compressor driving motor 2 is connected to a compressor 1 of a refrigerator mounted on a vehicle, and the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 1 is sent from a condenser 22 to an expansion valve 23, where it is throttled and expanded at a low temperature. It becomes. Thereafter, the refrigerant passes through an evaporator 24 installed in the luggage compartment of the vehicle, cools the luggage compartment, and circulates again to the compressor 1. The electric power from the generator 5 that is an auxiliary machine of the vehicle traveling engine 4 is supplied to the compressor drive motor 2 via the connection switch 13 and the power converter. A rectifier circuit 64 and an inverter 61 are arranged in the power converter, and the voltage and frequency of the power from the generator 5 are converted so as to match the load acting on the compressor 1 of the refrigerator, and the compressor drive motor Sent to 2. A smoothing capacitor 65 and an inrush current prevention circuit 66 are provided between the rectifier circuit 64 and the inverter 61.

  The temperature in the luggage compartment is detected by the temperature sensor 8 and input to the controller 62. At the same time, the controller 62 receives a signal from the temperature setting device 9, a signal from the current sensor 12 that detects the output current of the generator 5, and the like. The controller 62 controls the inverter 61 in accordance with these signals, converts the power generated by the generator 5 into power having an appropriate voltage and frequency, and supplies it to the compressor drive motor 2 to operate the refrigerator in a highly efficient state. Let Further, the controller 10 controls the field current adjusting device 31 of the generator 5 to adjust the output voltage of the generator 2 and the like.

When the electric motor is connected to the compressor of the refrigerator and the electric power of the generator attached to the engine for driving is supplied to the electric motor and driven, the refrigerator can be operated by one engine and the compressor. . In addition, when an induction motor widely used for business use or home use is used as an electric motor, the compressor can be directly operated by a commercial power source. Since delivery of parcels to parcels and convenience stores is often done in residential areas, it is possible to quietly operate the refrigerator with a commercial power supply while it is stopped without operating a noise generating engine Is a big advantage.
JP 2002-127740 A JP 2001-56162 A

  Using the power from the generator, which is an auxiliary machine for the vehicle running engine, and operating the compressor drive motor via the inverter, benefits such as simplification of the drive device for the refrigerator and sharing with the commercial power supply Occurs. And basically, since the required power of the refrigerator is provided only by the traveling engine, there is also an advantage that it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the in-vehicle battery. However, the amount of fuel supplied to the traveling engine is usually determined according to the engine speed with the amount of depression of the accelerator operated by the driver as a parameter, and the engine control device has a map for determining this. . The output of the generator, which is an engine auxiliary machine, naturally changes according to the operating condition of the engine, and when the vehicle is running, the engine is at high speed and the output of the generator is large, but the vehicle stops and the engine When the engine is in an idle state, the engine speed is minimized and the generator output is very small. Further, in order to obtain large electric power even when the rotational speed is small, it is necessary to increase the size of the generator as the engine output increases.

  On the other hand, the loading and unloading of the luggage into the refrigerator car is performed while the vehicle is stopped, and at this time, the temperature of the luggage room suddenly rises. Therefore, the compressor of the refrigerator is often operated while the vehicle is stopped. At this time, there is no problem when operating with a commercial power source that can use a large amount of power. However, when the refrigerator is operated with an engine, the engine in an idle state is operated by the load of the compressor drive motor acting on the generator. It becomes unstable and the rotation speed is likely to fluctuate. If the rotational speed fluctuates, there is a risk that the engine will vibrate near the dangerous rotational speed, and the engine may stop. Such a phenomenon may also occur when a vehicle that is running while operating the compressor of the refrigerator is stopped waiting for a signal and the engine is in an idle state.

  In particular, the compressor drive motor is stopped when the compressor is started, and a large current flows through the motor to generate a starting torque. The torque required for starting becomes even greater when the difference in refrigerant pressure between the suction side and the discharge side of the compressor is large, just after the compressor operation is stopped. An object of the present invention is to enable a stable operation in an idle state of an engine when a compressor drive motor is operated while the vehicle is stopped, and to smoothly operate a refrigerator, an inverter, and the like.

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a refrigeration vehicle in which a compressor of a refrigerator is driven by a generator connected to a vehicle travel engine, even when the vehicle is stopped and the engine is in an idle state. And it aims at operating a refrigerator stably and performing sufficient cooling. That is, the present invention
“A refrigeration vehicle equipped with a refrigerator that cools a luggage compartment of a vehicle, wherein the refrigerator includes a compressor that compresses a refrigerant and a compressor drive motor that drives the compressor, and the compressor drive motor is the vehicle In the refrigeration vehicle operated by the power of the generator driven by the traveling engine of
The travel engine control device includes a travel time map that determines a fuel supply amount according to an engine speed when the vehicle travels, and a rate of change in the fuel supply amount with respect to a change in engine speed is greater than the travel time map. A load follow-up map, and when the compressor drive motor is operated when the vehicle is stationary and the travel engine is in an idle state, the travel engine control device performs the load follow-up map. Use map to determine fuel supply "
It is a freezing car characterized by this.

  As described in claim 2, when the load following map is used, the fuel supply amount can be determined in accordance with the engine speed and the load acting on the compressor drive motor. Here, as the “load acting on the compressor drive motor”, for example, the difference between the temperature of the luggage compartment of the freezer car and the set temperature or the power output from the inverter that performs power control can be employed.

  Since the load torque increases when the compressor drive motor is being started, the compressor drive motor is started when the vehicle is stopped and the traveling engine is in an idle state, as described in claim 3. When the vehicle is in the middle, it is preferable that the travel engine control device corrects the fuel supply amount to be increased.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, an induction motor is used as the compressor drive motor and is configured to be operated by electric power of a generator driven by a traveling engine of the vehicle via an inverter that adjusts a frequency and a voltage. can do. In this case, as described in claim 5, when the vehicle is stopped and the traveling engine is in an idle state, when the compressor drive motor is starting, the inverter It is preferable to control the voltage so as to gradually increase for a predetermined time. Further, as described in claim 6, the induction motor which is a compressor drive motor can be driven by a commercial power source.

  In the refrigerator vehicle of the present invention, the compressor drive motor in the refrigerator is operated by the electric power of a generator that is an auxiliary device of the vehicle running engine, and the running engine control device controls the amount of fuel supplied when the vehicle is running. In addition to the travel time map to be determined, a load following map is provided. When the compressor drive motor is activated when the vehicle is stopped and the traveling engine is idle, the traveling engine control device uses the load following map to determine the fuel supply amount. Then, the ratio of the change in the fuel supply amount to the change in the engine speed is larger than that in the traveling map, and when the load of the compressor drive motor acts on the engine and the rotational speed decreases, the fuel supply amount is larger than in the traveling map. To increase. Therefore, the rotational speed of the traveling engine quickly increases again and returns to the vicinity of the original rotational speed, and fluctuations in the engine rotational speed in the idle state can be kept small.

  In other words, even if a load change accompanying the operation of the compressor of the refrigerator occurs, the engine can be stably operated by quickly following the load change. The rapid load follow-up eliminates the need to increase the capacity of the battery to make up for the temporary shortage of power, and a relatively small generator can be employed. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent an increase in vibration and engine stop caused by a large fluctuation in the rotational speed. As in the second aspect of the invention, if the load following map that determines the fuel supply amount according to the engine speed is used as a parameter with the amount representing the load acting on the compressor drive motor, the load state of the refrigerator can be accurately determined. The reflected traveling engine can be operated, and the load followability is further improved.

  When starting from a state where the compressor is stopped, a large current flows through the compressor drive motor to generate a starting torque, and the load increases as compared with the steady operation. As in the third aspect of the invention, when the compressor drive motor is being started, the generator for driving generates power corresponding to the increased load by correcting the travel engine control device to increase the fuel supply amount. Can be made.

  As the compressor drive motor, it is preferable in view of cost or reliability to use an induction motor which is generally widely used. As in the invention of claim 4, when an induction motor is employed and the operation is performed by the electric power of the generator driven by the traveling engine via the inverter that adjusts the frequency and voltage, the rotation of the generator Regardless of the number and the generated voltage, power in an appropriate state can be supplied to the compressor drive motor. In particular, as in the fifth aspect of the invention, excessive current during start-up can be prevented by performing so-called V / F control that gradually increases the voltage and frequency during start-up of the compressor drive motor. It becomes. In addition, since the induction motor can be operated with a commercial power source as in the invention of claim 6, the refrigerator can be operated silently in a residential area or at night without operating the traveling engine. Can do.

  The refrigeration vehicle of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a refrigeration vehicle to which the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing basic equipment and circuits of a control device for a refrigeration vehicle according to the present invention. In the drawing, the same numbers are assigned to the devices and parts of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a refrigerator having a compressor 1 that compresses refrigerant and a compressor drive motor 2 that drives the compressor 1 by a belt is mounted on the carrier of the refrigerator car. The cold air having a low temperature by the evaporator of the refrigerator is sent to the luggage compartment 3 to cool it. Further, the refrigerated vehicle is equipped with a traveling engine 4 and a generator 5 that is an auxiliary device thereof, and electric power of the generator 5 is supplied to the compressor drive motor 5 via the power control panel 6. The compressor drive motor 2 is an induction motor that can be driven by a commercial power source, and the vehicle is provided with a connection port 7 to which a 200 V commercial power source can be connected.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the power control panel 6 that controls the power supplied to the compressor drive motor 2 includes an inverter 61 that converts the frequency and voltage, a controller 62 that controls the inverter 61, and power while the refrigerator is stopped. The circuit breaker 63 which interrupts | blocks is provided. In this embodiment, the generator 5 equipped as an auxiliary machine of the engine 4 includes a diode that rectifies the generated AC power into a direct current so that it can be connected in parallel to an in-vehicle battery (not shown) and charged. DC power is input to the inverter 61. The controller 62 receives a detection signal from the temperature sensor 8 that detects the temperature of the luggage compartment 3 and a signal from the temperature setting device 9 that sets a target value for the temperature of the luggage compartment. Signals from the sensors 11 and 12 for detecting the signal are input. In response to these input signals, the controller 62 controls the power supplied to the compressor drive motor 2 by controlling the inverter 61. The power control panel 6 can be supplied with power from a commercial power source. When the commercial power source is connected, the circuit breaker 63 controls energization of the compressor drive motor 2.

  The traveling engine 4 includes an engine control unit (ECU) 41. The ECU 41 stores a map (travel map) shown in FIG. 3 that determines the fuel supply amount to the engine 4 in accordance with the engine speed, using the accelerator depression amount operated by the driver as a parameter when the vehicle travels. Has been. This map has a characteristic that the change in the fuel supply amount with respect to the change in the engine speed is relatively small if the accelerator depression amount is constant, that is, the change in the engine speed with respect to the load change is large. is there.

  The ECU 41 according to the present invention has a map (load following map) shown in FIG. 4 in which the ratio of the change in the fuel supply amount with respect to the change in the rotational speed is large in addition to the travel map in FIG. )have. According to this map, for example, when the load increases and the engine speed decreases, the amount of fuel supplied to the engine increases. However, the increase is considerably larger than the travel map of FIG. Therefore, since the change in the engine speed is an output that is at least commensurate with the increase in load, the engine 4 has a characteristic in which the fluctuation of the engine speed is small with respect to the load fluctuation by using the map of FIG.

  In the present invention, the controller 62 controls the inverter 61 as well as the ECU 41 of the traveling engine 4 in accordance with the input signal. The engine control operation by the controller 62 is based on the flowchart shown in FIG. I will explain.

  In this control, it is determined whether or not an instruction signal for turning on the compressor 1 of the refrigerator is output in S1. The instruction signal for turning on the compressor 1 is output, for example, when the temperature of the luggage compartment 3 detected by the temperature sensor 8 becomes higher than the set temperature of the temperature setter 9. When the ON instruction signal is output, the process proceeds to S2 and S3, and it is determined whether the vehicle speed is zero and whether the accelerator is not depressed (accelerator 0%). When the ON instruction signal is not issued, when the vehicle is traveling, or when the accelerator is depressed, the controller 62 causes the ECU 41 to control the traveling engine 4 according to the normal traveling map of FIG. (S4).

  When the ON instruction signal is output and the vehicle speed is zero and the accelerator is not depressed, that is, when the engine 4 is in an idle state, the controller 62 switches the map in which the ECU 41 determines the fuel supply amount, A command is given to control the traveling engine 4 based on the load following map shown in FIG. 4 in which the rate of change in the fuel supply amount with respect to the change in the engine speed is large (S5). The load acting on the compressor drive motor 2 increases as the difference between the temperature of the luggage compartment 3 detected by the sensor 8 and the target set temperature increases. Therefore, when using the load following map, the accelerator is operated according to the temperature difference. Gives a pseudo signal of the amount of depression. For example, if the temperature difference is 2 ° C. or less, the fuel supply amount is determined by the characteristic of the depression amount of 0%, and if it is 2 to 5 ° C., the fuel supply amount is determined by the characteristic of the depression amount of 5%. As the value increases, the characteristic that the accelerator depression amount is large is used.

  By switching the map in this way, even if a load fluctuation of the compressor 1 of the refrigerator occurs, the generated power of the generator 5 can follow the load fluctuation without causing a significant change in the engine speed. Become. Furthermore, since the load of the compressor drive motor 2 fluctuates according to the temperature of the luggage compartment 3, if a fuel supply amount is determined by using a temperature difference as a parameter using a pseudo signal of the accelerator depression amount, a more accurate load is obtained. Follow-up can be performed. Or it is good also considering the electric power output from the inverter 61 which changes with the load of the compressor drive motor 2 as a parameter.

  Further, when the compressor drive motor 2 is being started, since the load is generally larger than that during normal operation, it is determined whether or not the compressor drive motor 2 is being started in S6. This determination may be made by detecting whether or not the rotation speed of the compressor drive motor 2 has reached a predetermined value, or detecting the elapsed time after the compressor ON instruction signal rises. If the engine is being started, the fuel supply amount to the engine 4 is corrected to a constant amount increased to a value determined by the map to correspond to the load being started (S7). Instead of the increase correction, when the compressor drive motor 2 is starting, a signal corresponding to a temperature difference larger than the actual temperature difference is given as a pseudo signal of the accelerator depression amount, so that the fuel is substantially reduced. It is also possible to increase the supply amount.

  Next, the control operation of the inverter 61 and the like that supplies power to the compressor drive motor 2 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In this control, it is determined in S11 whether or not an instruction to turn on the compressor is issued, and in S12, it is determined whether or not the compressor drive motor 2 is in a starting state. This determination is made based on the elapsed time after the rise of the compressor ON instruction signal, as in the case of the engine control described above. The compressor-driven motor 2 is driven by inverter control using a so-called V / F control method if it is being started (S13), and is basically at a constant voltage and a constant frequency if it is in steady operation after the start is completed. Driven (S14).

  That is, as shown in FIG. 7, when starting, the inverter 61 gradually increases the voltage and frequency to supply power to the compressor drive motor 2. Although the compressor drive motor 2 is an induction motor, by carrying out such V / F control, an excessive current does not flow even when the rotation speed is low, and a smooth start thereof is possible.

  When the start-up is completed and the compressor drive motor 2 is in a steady operation, the inverter 61 converts the power into electric power having the same voltage and frequency as the commercial power source, and operates the compressor drive motor 2. When the temperature of the luggage compartment drops to the set temperature, the instruction signal for turning on the refrigerator disappears, the breaker 63 is cut off, and the compressor drive motor 2 stops. Even during steady operation, the refrigeration capacity can be adjusted by changing the frequency by the inverter 61 and changing the rotation speed of the compressor drive motor 2.

  In this control device, as shown in FIG. 2, the inverter voltage and the inverter current are constantly monitored by the voltage sensor 11 and the current sensor 12. These are determined in S15 and S16 of the flowchart, and when the inverter voltage falls below a predetermined value or when the inverter current becomes excessive, the circuit breaker 63 is used to protect equipment such as the inverter 61 and the compressor drive motor 2. Is shut off (S18). Such an abnormality is likely to occur immediately after the compressor is stopped when the difference in gas pressure between the suction side and the discharge side is very large and the starting torque is excessive. Therefore, when the circuit breaker 63 is interrupted due to an abnormality in the voltage or current value of the inverter, the start of the compressor drive motor 2 is retried after a predetermined time has elapsed (S19).

  As described above in detail, the present invention relates to a refrigeration vehicle in which a compressor of a refrigerator is driven by a generator of a vehicle running engine. When the vehicle is stopped and the engine is in an idle state, the compressor is driven. In addition, the engine control apparatus determines the fuel supply amount using a map having excellent load followability. As a result, the engine in the idle state can be stably operated. Due to the effects of the present invention, the refrigerator car of the present invention is not limited to a vehicle that handles so-called refrigerated products at very low temperatures, but the temperature of the luggage compartment is controlled by a device having a refrigeration cycle using a compressor. It is clear that the vehicle to do is included. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the type of engine such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine may be used as the vehicle running engine.

1 is a diagram schematically showing a refrigerator according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows the control apparatus of the freezing vehicle based on this invention. It is a figure which shows the driving | running | working map in an engine control apparatus. It is a figure which shows the load follow-up map in an engine control apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the action | operation of the engine control apparatus of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the action | operation of the electric motor control apparatus of this invention. It is a graph which shows the control action of the electric motor control apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the control apparatus of the conventional freezing vehicle.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 2 Compressor drive motor 3 Luggage room 4 Driving engine 41 Engine control unit (ECU)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Generator 6 Power control panel 61 Inverter 62 Controller 63 Circuit breaker 8 Temperature sensor 9 Temperature setter 11 Voltage sensor 12 Current sensor

Claims (6)

A refrigerator equipped with a refrigerator for cooling a luggage compartment (3) of the vehicle, the refrigerator having a compressor (1) for compressing refrigerant and a compressor drive motor (2) for driving the compressor (1). The compressor drive motor (2) is a refrigeration vehicle operated by electric power of a generator (5) driven by a traveling engine (4) of the vehicle.
The control device (41) for the travel engine (4) has a travel time map for determining the fuel supply amount according to the engine speed when the vehicle travels, and the ratio of the change in the fuel supply amount to the change in the engine speed. When the compressor drive motor (2) is operated when the vehicle is in a stopped state and the traveling engine (4) is in an idle state, the load following map is larger than the travel time map. The refrigeration vehicle characterized in that the control device (41) of the traveling engine (4) determines the fuel supply amount using the load following map. 2. The refrigerator truck according to claim 1, wherein when the load following map is used, the fuel supply amount is determined according to an engine speed and a load acting on the compressor drive motor (2). When the compressor drive motor (2) is starting when the vehicle is stationary and the traveling engine (4) is in an idle state, the control device (41) for the traveling engine (4) The refrigeration vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration vehicle is corrected to increase the fuel supply amount. The compressor drive motor (2) is an induction motor and is operated by electric power of a generator (5) driven by the vehicle engine (4) through an inverter (61) for adjusting the frequency and voltage. The refrigeration vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3. When the vehicle is stopped and the traveling engine (4) is in an idle state, when the compressor drive motor (2) is starting, the inverter (61) has a frequency and voltage of a predetermined time. The refrigeration vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the refrigeration vehicle is controlled to gradually rise. The refrigeration vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the compressor drive motor (2) can be driven by a commercial power source.

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