JP2006045694A - Support for image recording material, and image recording material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a support for an image recording material compatibilizing high flatness with excellent gloss in a higher order, enabling the recording of a high-quality image free from unevenness and suitable for various image recording materials and provide a method for efficiently producing the support. <P>SOLUTION: The support for an image recording material is composed of a base paper and at least two coating layers formed on at least one surface of the paper. The thickness variation A of the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface and the thickness variation B of the coating layer contacting with the base paper surface satisfy the formula A≤(1/3)×B. The coating layer being in contact with the base paper surface is preferably applied by a blade coater and the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is preferably applied by a curtain coater or a spray coater. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an image recording material support having both high flatness and excellent gloss, and an image recording material using the image recording material support.

Conventionally, as a support for various image recording materials such as electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, inkjet recording materials, sublimation transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, thermal transfer materials, for example, base paper, synthetic paper, synthetic resin sheet, coat Paper, laminated paper, etc. are well known. In order to perform image recording using such an image recording material and obtain an image print having high image quality, high glossiness and excellent smoothness, high flatness is required on the surface of the image recording material. Accordingly, high flatness is also required on the surface of the image recording material support.
For example, printing paper has been proposed in which an application layer is provided by spray coating on the side of the base paper on which the image recording layer is provided (see Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Document 1). Since this spray coating is a non-contact coating, there is no occurrence of paper breakage or coating streaks (scratches) on the coated surface, and the coating is performed according to the roughness of the base paper. There is an advantage that there are few. However, spray coating has a problem that when the surface of the base paper is rough, the smoothness (waviness) of the coated surface is inferior, and the performance sufficient as a support for image recording material cannot be obtained.

  Therefore, as a support for image recording materials having high flatness and excellent glossiness and related technology, there is not yet a satisfactory one yet, and it is strongly desired to develop it quickly. It is.

Special Table 2002-535499 JP 2003-299994 A "Paper Pulp Technology Times" p9-13, November 2001

  An object of the present invention is to solve the conventional problems and achieve the following objects. That is, the present invention has both high flatness and excellent gloss, and can be suitably used for various image recording materials, and an image recording material support that is suitable for various image recording materials. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image recording material capable of recording the above image and imparting excellent gloss and excellent smoothness.

Means for solving the problems are as follows. That is,
<1> Thickness variation A in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface, and a coating layer in contact with the base paper surface, comprising the base paper and at least two coating layers on at least one surface of the base paper Is a support for an image recording material, wherein the thickness fluctuation B satisfies the following formula: A ≦ (1/3) × B.
<2> The support for an image recording material according to <1>, wherein the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is a coating layer coated by a blade coater.
<3> The support for an image recording material according to any one of <1> to <2>, wherein the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is a coating layer coated by either a curtain coater or a spray coater. Is the body.
<4> The coating by the spray coater sprays the coating layer coating liquid onto the surface of the base paper on which the coating layer is provided by the spray nozzle, and the base paper is sprayed from the other surface of the base paper by air spraying from the air spray nozzle. It is a support for image recording materials as described in said <3> performed while supporting.
<5> The support for image recording materials according to <4>, wherein the air ejected from the air ejection nozzle is heated air.
<6> An application in which at least two coating layers contain at least an adhesive and a pigment, the pigment content in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is 40% by mass or less, and is in contact with the base paper surface The support for an image recording material according to any one of <1> to <5>, wherein the pigment content in the layer is 50% by mass or more.
<7> An image recording material comprising the image recording material support according to any one of <1> to <6>, and at least an image recording layer on the support.
<8> The image recording material according to <7>, which is any one selected from electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, sublimation transfer materials, thermal transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, and inkjet recording materials.

  The support for an image recording material of the present invention comprises a base paper and at least two coating layers on at least one surface of the base paper, and has a thickness variation A in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface. The thickness variation B in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface satisfies the following formula, A ≦ (1/3) × B. In the image recording material support of the present invention, the thickness variation A in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface and the thickness variation B in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface are expressed by the following equation: A ≦ (1 / 3) By satisfying xB, it is possible to achieve both high flatness and excellent glossiness, and it can be suitably used for various image recording materials.

  In the image recording material of the present invention, by having the support for image recording material of the present invention, an image print having high image quality, high gloss and excellent smoothness can be obtained.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to solve conventional problems, image recording that has high flatness and excellent glossiness, and can be suitably used for various image recording materials capable of recording high-quality images without unevenness. Material support, efficient production method thereof, and image recording material having the image recording material support, capable of recording high-quality images, and capable of imparting high glossiness and excellent smoothness Can be provided.

(Support for image recording material)
The support for an image recording material of the present invention comprises a base paper and at least two coating layers on at least one surface of the base paper, and further comprises other layers as necessary.

  At least two coating layers are provided. In the case of a two-layer coating layer having a lower coating layer and an upper coating layer in this order on the base paper, the lower coating layer is a coating layer in contact with the base paper surface, and the upper coating layer is the furthest position from the base paper surface. It becomes the coating layer. Further, in the case of a three-layer coating layer having a lower coating layer, an intermediate coating layer, and an upper coating layer in this order on the base paper, the lower coating layer becomes a coating layer in contact with the base paper surface, and the upper coating layer Becomes the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface.

In the present invention, the thickness variation A in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface and the thickness variation B in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface satisfy the following formula, A ≦ (1/3) × B, It is more preferable to satisfy A ≦ (1/3) × B to (1/4) × B.
If the thickness variation A is larger than the thickness variation B × (1/3), uneven glossiness of the image recording material support may be conspicuous and image unevenness of the image recording material may deteriorate.
The thickness variation A in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, it is preferably less than 2 μm.
The thickness variation B in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, it is preferably 2 to 7 μm.
Here, the variation value is obtained, for example, by taking a cross-sectional photograph (magnification 1000 times) with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measuring the thickness of the coating layer. A length of 100 μm × 20 points was measured, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained measurement values was determined, and the value was used as the fluctuation value.

-Base paper-
The base paper is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Specifically, it is a high-quality paper, for example, “Photographic Engineering Basics—Silver Salt Photography” edited by the Japan Photography Society, Papers described in pages 223 to 224 of the company Corona (Showa 54) are preferred.

  The base paper is not particularly limited as long as it is a known material used for a support, and can be appropriately selected from various materials according to the purpose. For example, natural pulp such as conifers and hardwoods, Examples include a mixture of pulp and synthetic pulp.

As the pulp that can be used as the raw material of the base paper, the hardwood pulp is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the flatness and dimensional stability of the base paper at the same time in a well-balanced and sufficient level, but the softwood pulp is used. You can also.
Examples of the hardwood pulp include hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP) and hardwood sulfite pulp (LBSP). Among these, hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP) is preferable.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as content of the said hardwood pulp with respect to the said paper, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, 50 mass% or more is preferable, 60 mass% or more is more preferable, 75 mass% or more Is more preferable.

Examples of the softwood pulp include softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP).
As the pulp, it is preferable to mainly use hardwood pulp having a short fiber length.
A beater, refiner, or the like can be used to beat the pulp. Various additives can be further added to the pulp slurry obtained after beating the pulp (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “pulp stock”), if necessary. Examples of the additive include a filler, a dry paper strength enhancer, a sizing agent, a wet paper strength enhancer, a fixing agent, a pH adjuster, and other agents.

Examples of the filler include calcium carbonate, clay, kaolin, white clay, talc, titanium oxide, diatomaceous earth, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide.
Examples of the dry paper strength enhancer include cationized starch, cationized polyacrylamide, anionized polyacrylamide, amphoteric polyacrylamide, and carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol.
Examples of the sizing agent include fatty acid salts, rosin derivatives such as rosin and maleated rosin, paraffin wax and the like, and further higher fatty acids such as alkyl ketene dimer, alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA), and epoxidized fatty acid amide. And the like.
Examples of the wet paper strength enhancer include polyamine polyamide epichlorohydrin, melamine resin, urea resin, and epoxidized polyamide resin.
Examples of the fixing agent include polyvalent metal salts such as aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride, and cationic polymers such as cationized starch.
Examples of the pH adjuster include caustic soda and sodium carbonate.
As said other chemical | medical agent, an antifoamer, dye, a slime control agent, an optical brightener, etc. are mentioned, for example.
Furthermore, a softening agent etc. can also be added as needed. As the softening agent, for example, those described in New Handbook for Paper Processing (Edited by Paper Medicine Time), pages 554 to 555 (issued in 1980) can be used.
These various additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the addition amount in these pulp paper materials, such as these various additives, It can select suitably according to the objective, Usually, 0.1-1.0 mass% is preferable.

If necessary, the pulp slurry contains pulp paper stock containing the above-mentioned various additives, such as a paper machine, a long paper machine, a round paper machine, a twin wire machine, a combination machine, and the like. It is used to make paper and then dried to produce a base paper. Moreover, surface sizing treatment can be performed either before or after the drying as desired.
The surface sizing solution used for the surface sizing treatment is, for example, a metal salt of at least one of an alkali metal salt and an alkaline earth metal salt, a water-soluble polymer compound, a fluorescent brightener, a water-resistant substance, a pigment, Contains dyes and the like.
As the metal salt of at least one of the alkali metal salt and the alkaline earth metal salt, those described above can be used.

The water-soluble polymer compound is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cation Modified starch, casein, sodium polyacrylate, sodium styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, etc. Among them, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate , Polyethylene oxide and gelatin are preferable, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is more preferable.
In addition, the content of the water-soluble polymer compound is preferably 0.5 to ² g / m ² .

Examples of the fluorescent brightener include stilbene compounds, coumarin compounds, biphenyl compounds, benzoxazoline compounds, naphthalimide compounds, pyrazoline compounds, carbostyril compounds, diaminostilbene disulfonic acid derivatives, imidazole derivatives, Examples include coumarin derivatives, triazole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, pyridine derivatives, naphthalic acid derivatives, imidazolone derivatives, and the like. Among these, stilbene compounds are preferable.
The content of the fluorescent brightener in the base paper is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass, and more preferably 0.02 to 0.2% by mass.
Examples of the water resistant material include latex emulsions such as styrene-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, vinylidene chloride copolymer; polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin, and the like.
Examples of the pigment include calcium carbonate, clay, kaolin, talc, barium sulfate, and titanium oxide.

  The base paper has a longitudinal Young's modulus (Ea) to lateral Young's modulus (Eb) ratio (Ea / Eb) of 1.5 to 1.5 for the purpose of improving the rigidity and dimensional stability of the image recording material support. 2.0 is preferred. In the range where the Ea / Eb value is less than 1.5 or more than 2.0, the rigidity and dimensional stability of the support for the image recording material are liable to be deteriorated, and the running property during transportation is hindered. May be.

In general, paper “strain” varies based on the beating style, and the elastic force (rate) of paper made after beating is used as an important factor to express the degree of paper “strain”. Can do. In particular, the elastic modulus of paper is measured by measuring the speed of sound propagating through the paper, using the relationship between the dynamic elastic modulus and density, which indicates the physical properties of the viscoelastic material of the paper, and using an ultrasonic vibration element. Can be obtained from the following equation.
E = ρc ² (1-n ² )
In the above formula, E represents a dynamic elastic modulus. ρ represents density. c represents the speed of sound in the paper. n represents a Poisson's ratio.

In the case of normal paper, since n = about 0.2, even if it is calculated by the following formula, it can be calculated without much difference.
E = ρc ²
Therefore, if the density and sound speed of paper can be measured, the elastic modulus can be easily obtained. In the above mathematical formula, when measuring the speed of sound, for example, various known devices such as Sonic Tester SST-110 (manufactured by Nomura Corporation) can be used.

The thickness of the base paper is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is usually preferably 30 to 500 μm, more preferably 50 to 300 μm, and still more preferably 100 to 250 μm. The basis weight of the raw paper is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, for example, preferably ^{50~250g / m 2, 100~200g / m} 2 is more preferable.

As the water resistance of the base paper, specifically, preferably from 25 g / ^{m 2} or less in Cobb water absorption degree, 20 g / ^{m 2} or less is more preferable. If the bump water absorption exceeds 25 g / m ² , the surface roughness of the base paper may deteriorate due to the penetration of the aqueous coating solution when the coating layer is provided.
The bump size water absorption is a value obtained by measuring the water absorption when pure water is brought into contact with a sample for 120 seconds according to JIS P8140.

-Coating layer-
The at least two coating layers are formed by coating a coating solution for a coating layer containing at least a pigment and an adhesive on the surface of the base paper on which at least the image recording layer is provided. It contains.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said pigment, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, any of an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment may be sufficient.
Examples of the inorganic pigment include clay, titanium oxide, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, talc, talcite, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, titanium nitride, silica, alumina aluminum hydroxide, and the like.
Examples of the organic pigment include azo pigments, polycyclic pigments, dye chelates, nitro pigments, nitroso pigments, and aniline black. Among these, azo pigments and polycyclic pigments are more preferable. Examples of the azo pigment include azo lakes, insoluble azo pigments, condensed azo pigments, and chelate azo pigments. Examples of the polycyclic pigment include phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, dioxazine pigments, indigo pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, and quinofullerone pigments. Examples of the dye chelates include basic dye chelates and acidic dye chelates.

The content of the pigment in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is preferably 40% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or less. When the content of the pigment in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface exceeds 40% by mass, the water resistance of the coating layer surface is inferior and the storability of the recorded image may be inferior.
The content of the pigment in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 55% by mass or more. When the content of the pigment in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is less than 50% by mass, the planarity of the image recording material support and the image recording material may be deteriorated.

  The adhesive is not particularly limited as long as it is a thermoplastic resin having adhesiveness, and can be appropriately selected from known ones according to the purpose. For example, acrylic, styrene, vinyl chloride, acetic acid Examples thereof include vinyl, polyester, polyurethane, polyolefin, epoxy, silicone, SBR, starch or derivatives thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The content of the adhesive in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is preferably 60% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more.
The content of the adhesive in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is preferably 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 45% by mass or less.

  The solvent is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof include water; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, and n-hexanol. Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, diisobutyl ketone; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, methyl sulfate, ethyl propionate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl benzoate, methoxypropyl acetate, etc. Esters; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, benzene and ethylbenzene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride and monochlorobenzene; Tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1-ethers methoxy-2-propanol and the like; dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, you may add a well-known surfactant.

The coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is preferably a coating layer coated by a blade coater. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the dry mass of the coating layer which touches this base paper surface, According to the objective, it can select suitably, 2-30 g / m < ² > is preferable.

The coating layer farthest from the surface of the base paper is preferably a coating layer coated by either a curtain coater or a spray coater, and is coated by a spray coater so that there is no generation of coating streaks. It is particularly preferable from the viewpoint that image unevenness can be reduced.
The dry mass of the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is preferably 1 to 10 g / m ² .
The spray coating is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, the spray coating liquid is sprayed by a spray nozzle onto the surface of the base paper on which the coating layer is provided, and the other side of the base paper is coated. What is performed while supporting the base paper by jetting air from an air jet nozzle from the surface is preferable, and the air jetted by the air jet nozzle is more preferably heated air from the viewpoint of increasing the drying efficiency.

Here, the coating method of the coating layer by a spray coater will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the paper web 2 to be coated enters a hood 9 surrounding the coating device through a horizontal slit 10. The injection nozzle 1 is disposed below the web 2. On the other hand, an air jet nozzle 8 that serves to support the paper web 2 is arranged above the web 2. 3 is an edge deckle and is shown in more detail in FIG.
The air jet nozzle 8 disposed above the paper web 2 discharges air toward the paper web 2, and the strength of the discharge is received by the paper web 2 by the spray of the coating material discharged from the spray nozzle. It is enough to counteract the impact force. At the same time, the air jet also serves to dry the coating applied to the web 2 from the jet nozzle 1. The efficiency of the drying effect is improved by increasing the temperature of the air discharged from the nozzle 8. The suction nozzle 7 attached to the wall of the shielding hood 9 places the inside of the hood 9 in a partial vacuum state with respect to the surrounding air pressure. As a result, the mist of the covering material is prevented from leaking out of the hood 9. The inner wall of the hood 9 is cooled, for example, by cold water circulating in the cooling element 5, so that the particles of the mist of the coating material floating inside the hood 9 can condense on the wall surface, and this is a mixture of the coating material. It becomes possible to return to the circulation. The temperature and humidity inside the hood 9 can be set to desired values by supplying moist air or steam through the supply nozzle 6 attached to the bottom of the hood 9.

  FIG. 2 shows the spray nozzle 1 of the coating device, the paper web 2 to be coated, the edge deckle 3 and the suction nozzle 4 mounted on the edge deckle 3. When the spray nozzle 1 coats the lower surface of the paper web 2, the width in the direction intersecting the device in the area to be coated is contoured with the aid of an edge deckle 3 arranged between the spray nozzle 1 and the paper web 2. be able to. The distance from the paper web 2 to the edge deckle 3 and the width in the direction intersecting the device of the covered area drawn by the edge deckle 3 can be set to desired values. Accordingly, the mist droplets of the coating material accumulated on the lower surface of the edge deck 3 from the spray material of the coating material discharged by the spray nozzle 1 are sucked into the nozzle 4 attached to the edge deck 3 and thereby the droplets. Can be prevented from reaching the surface of the moving web 2.

  The spray coater is described in detail in JP-T-2002-535499 and JP-A-2003-299994.

  The base paper on which the coating layer is formed may be calendered as necessary. The calendar in the calendering process is not particularly limited as long as it contains a metal roll, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a soft calender roll comprising a combination of a metal roll and a synthetic resin roll, a pair And a machine calender roll made of a metal roll. Among these, those having a soft calender roll are suitable, and in particular, a long nip shoe calender consisting of a metal roll and a shoe roll via a synthetic resin belt can take a long nip width of 50 to 270 mm, It is preferable because the contact area between the base paper and the roll increases.

The surface temperature of the metal roll is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, and still more preferably 250 ° C. or higher. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the upper limit temperature of the surface temperature of the said metal roll, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, about 300 degreeC is preferable.
The nip pressure during the calender treatment is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 100 kN / cm ² or more, 100~600kN / cm ² is more preferable.
It will be described later.

  The support for an image recording material of the present invention obtained as described above has high flatness and excellent gloss, and can be used for various applications. For example, electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, It can be suitably used for sublimation transfer materials, thermal transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, ink jet recording materials and the like.

(Image recording material)
The image recording material of the present invention comprises the support for image recording material of the present invention and at least an image recording layer on the support, and further comprises other layers as necessary.
Here, the support for the image recording material is as described above.
The image recording material varies depending on the use and type of the image recording material, and examples thereof include electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, sublimation transfer materials, thermal transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, and ink jet recording materials. Hereinafter, each image recording material will be described.

<Electrophotographic materials>
The electrophotographic material has the support for image recording material of the present invention and at least one toner image-receiving layer provided on at least one surface of the support as an image recording layer, and is appropriately selected as necessary. Other layers such as surface protective layer, back layer, intermediate layer, undercoat layer, cushion layer, charge control (prevention) layer, reflection layer, tint preparation layer, storage stability improvement layer, adhesion prevention layer, anti-curl layer, It has a smoothing layer and the like. Each of these layers may have a single layer structure or a laminated structure.

[Toner image receiving layer]
The toner image receiving layer is a toner image receiving layer for receiving color toner or black toner and forming an image. The toner image receiving layer receives a toner for forming an image from a developing drum or an intermediate transfer body by (static) electricity, pressure, etc. in a transfer process, and fixes it by heat, pressure, etc. in a fixing process. Have

The toner image-receiving layer is preferably a low-transparency toner image-receiving layer having a light transmittance of 78% or less in view of making the electrophotographic material of the present invention feel close to a photograph, and the light transmittance is 73% or less. More preferred is 72% or less.
The light transmittance can be measured by separately forming a coating film having the same thickness on a polyethylene terephthalate film (100 μm) and using the direct reading haze meter (Suga Test Instruments HGM-2DP). .

  The toner image-receiving layer contains at least a thermoplastic resin, and various additives added for the purpose of improving the thermodynamic properties of the toner image-receiving layer, for example, a release agent, a plasticizer, a colorant, Contains a filler, a crosslinking agent, a charge control agent, an emulsifier, a dispersant and the like.

-Thermoplastic resin-
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said thermoplastic resin, According to the objective, it can select suitably, (1) Polyolefin-type resin, (2) Polystyrene-type resin, (3) Acrylic-type resin, (4) Polyvinyl acetate Alternatively, derivatives thereof, (5) polyamide-based resin, (6) polyester resin, (7) polycarbonate resin, (8) polyether resin (or acetal resin), (9) other resins, and the like can be given. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together. Of these, styrene resins, acrylic resins, and polyester resins having a large cohesive energy are particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of embedding toner.

Examples of the polyolefin-based resin (1) include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and copolymer resins of olefins such as ethylene and propylene and other vinyl monomers. Examples of the copolymer resin of the olefin and another vinyl monomer include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an ionomer resin that is a copolymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Examples of the polyolefin resin derivative include chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
Examples of the polystyrene-based resin (2) include polystyrene resin, styrene-isobutylene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS resin), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), and polystyrene-anhydrous. A maleic acid resin etc. are mentioned.
Examples of the acrylic resin (3) include polyacrylic acid or esters thereof, polymethacrylic acid or esters thereof, polyacrylonitrile, and polyacrylamide.
Examples of the esters of polyacrylic acid include homopolymers and multi-component copolymers of esters of acrylic acid. Examples of the ester of acrylic acid include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, And phenyl acrylate, methyl α-chloroacrylate, and the like.
Examples of the polymethacrylic acid esters include homopolymers and multi-component copolymers of methacrylic acid esters. Examples of the methacrylic acid ester include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate.
Examples of the polyvinyl acetate or derivative thereof (4) include polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol as aldehyde (eg, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde, etc.). Examples thereof include polyvinyl acetal resins obtained by reaction.
The polyamide-based resin (5) is a polycondensate of diamine and dibasic acid, and examples thereof include 6-nylon and 6,6-nylon.
The polyester resin (6) is produced by condensation polymerization of an acid component and an alcohol component. The acid component is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, succinic acid , Adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, malonic acid, n-dodecenyl succinic acid, isododecenyl succinic acid, n-dodecyl succinic acid, isododecyl succinic acid, n-octenyl succinic acid, n-octyl succinic acid, isooctenyl succinic acid , Isooctylsuccinic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, acid anhydrides thereof, or lower alkyl esters thereof.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said alcohol component, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, bivalent alcohol is preferable. Examples of the aliphatic diol include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butenediol, , 5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol and the like. Examples of the alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A include polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis. (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (2.0) -polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2, Examples thereof include 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
The polycarbonate resin (7) is generally a polycarbonate obtained from bisphenol A and phosgene.
Examples of the polyether resin (or acetal resin) of (8) include polyether resins such as polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, and acetal resins such as polyoxymethylene as a ring-opening polymerization system.
Examples of the other resin (9) include polyaddition polyurethane resins.

  The thermoplastic resin is preferably one that can satisfy the following properties of the toner image-receiving layer with the toner image-receiving layer formed, and more preferably one that can satisfy the properties of the toner-image-receiving layer described later even with the resin alone. It is also preferable to use two or more resins having different physical properties of the toner image-receiving layer in combination.

  As the thermoplastic resin, those having a larger molecular weight than the thermoplastic resin used in the toner are preferable. However, the molecular weight described above is not always preferable depending on the relationship between the thermodynamic characteristics of the thermoplastic resin used in the toner and the thermoplastic resin in the toner image receiving layer. For example, when the softening temperature of the thermoplastic resin in the toner image receiving layer is higher than the thermoplastic resin used in the toner, the molecular weight is the same or the thermoplastic resin in the toner image receiving layer is smaller. It may be preferable.

It is also preferable to use a mixture of resins having the same composition and different average molecular weights as the thermoplastic resin of the toner image-receiving layer. Further, as the relationship with the molecular weight of the thermoplastic resin used in the toner, the relationship disclosed in JP-A-8-334915 is preferable.
The molecular weight distribution of the thermoplastic resin in the toner image-receiving layer is preferably wider than the molecular weight distribution of the thermoplastic resin used in the toner.
As the thermoplastic resin of the toner image receiving layer, JP-A-5-127413, JP-A-8-194394, JP-A-8-334915, JP-A-8-334916, JP-A-9-171265. Those satisfying the physical properties disclosed in JP-A-10-221877 are preferred.

  The thermoplastic resin for the toner image-receiving layer is excellent in environmental suitability and work suitability because (i) the organic solvent is not discharged in the coating and drying step. (Ii) Many release agents such as wax are difficult to dissolve in a solvent at room temperature, and are often dispersed in a solvent (water, organic solvent) in advance. In addition, the water dispersion form is more stable and more suitable for the manufacturing process. Further, in the case of aqueous coating, the wax tends to bleed on the surface during the coating and drying process, and the effects of the release agent (offset resistance, adhesion resistance, etc.) can be easily obtained. For this reason, water-based resins such as water-dispersible polymers and water-soluble polymers are preferably used.

  The water-based resin is not particularly limited in terms of its composition, bond structure, molecular structure, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, form, etc., as long as it is either a water-dispersible polymer or a water-soluble polymer. Examples of the water-based group of the polymer include a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, an amino group, an amide group, and an ether group.

The water-dispersible polymer is appropriately selected from, for example, resins, emulsions, copolymers, mixtures, and cation-modified products obtained by dispersing the thermoplastic resins (1) to (9) in water. More than one species can be combined.
As the water-dispersible polymer, an appropriately synthesized product or a commercially available product may be used. Examples of the commercially available products include polyester-based water-dispersible polymers such as Toyobo Co., Ltd.'s Bironal series, Takamatsu Yushi Co., Ltd. Pes Resin A series, Kao Corporation's Tufton UE series, Nippon Synthetic Chemical Co., Ltd. Examples include the Polyester WR series manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd., and the erière series manufactured by Unitika Ltd. Examples of the acrylic water-dispersible polymer include Hiros XE, KE, PE series manufactured by Seiko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., and Jurimer ET series manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemical Co., Ltd.

The water-dispersible emulsion is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, water-dispersible polyurethane emulsion, water-dispersible polyester emulsion, chloroprene emulsion, styrene-butadiene emulsion, nitrile- Butadiene emulsion, butadiene emulsion, vinyl chloride emulsion, vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene emulsion, polybutene emulsion, polyethylene emulsion, vinyl acetate emulsion, ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion, vinylidene chloride emulsion, methyl methacrylate Examples include butadiene emulsions. Among these, a water dispersible polyester emulsion is particularly preferable.
The water-dispersible polyester emulsion is preferably a self-dispersing water-based polyester emulsion, and among them, a carboxyl group-containing self-dispersing water-based polyester resin emulsion is particularly preferable. Here, the self self-dispersing aqueous polyester emulsion means an aqueous emulsion containing a polyester resin that can be self-dispersed in an aqueous solvent without using an emulsifier or the like. The carboxyl group-containing self-dispersing aqueous polyester resin emulsion means an aqueous emulsion containing a polyester resin that contains a carboxyl group as a hydrophilic group and can be self-dispersed in an aqueous solvent.

The self-dispersing water-dispersible polyester emulsion preferably satisfies the following characteristics (1) to (4). Since this is a self-dispersion type that does not use a surfactant, it has low hygroscopicity even in a high humidity atmosphere, and there is little decrease in the softening point due to moisture, and it is possible to suppress occurrence of offset at the time of fixing and adhesion failure between sheets at the time of storage. Moreover, since it is water-based, it is excellent in environmental performance and workability. In addition, since a polyester resin with a high cohesive energy and a molecular structure is used, it has a sufficient hardness in the storage environment, but it becomes a low elasticity (low viscosity) molten state in the electrophotographic fixing process, and the toner receives an image. Sufficient image quality can be achieved by embedding in the layer.
(1) The number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 5,000 to 10,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 7,000.
(2) The molecular weight distribution (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight) is preferably 4 or less, and more preferably Mw / Mn ≦ 3.
(3) The glass transition temperature (Tg) is preferably 40 to 100 ° C, and more preferably 50 to 80 ° C.
(4) The volume average particle diameter is preferably 20 to 200 nm, more preferably 40 to 150 mm.
The content of the water-dispersible emulsion in the toner image-receiving layer is preferably 10 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 70% by mass.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said water-soluble polymer, According to the objective, it can select suitably, What was synthesize | combined suitably may be used and a commercial item may be used, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy Modified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose sulfate, polyethylene oxide, gelatin, cationized starch, casein, sodium polyacrylate, sodium styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, etc. Among these, polyethylene oxide is preferable.
Commercially available water-soluble polymers include water-soluble polyester plus coats manufactured by Kureai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Finetex ES series manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, and Nippon Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. as water-soluble acrylics. Jurimer AT series, Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Finetex 6161, K-96; Seiko Chemical Industries high loss NL-1189, BH-997L, and the like.
Examples of the water-soluble polymer include Research Disclosure No. 17,643, page 26, Research Disclosure No. 18,716, page 651, Research Disclosure No. 307,105, pages 873-874, and JP-A 64- The thing described in 13546 gazette is mentioned.

The content of the water-soluble polymer in the toner image-receiving layer is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, and is preferably 0.5 to ² g / m ² .

Although the said thermoplastic resin can also be used together with another polymer material, in that case, generally it is used so that content may become larger than another polymer material.
The content of the thermoplastic resin for the toner image-receiving layer in the toner image-receiving layer is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, still more preferably 50% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 50 to 90% by mass. .

-Release agent-
The release agent is blended in the toner image receiving layer in order to prevent the toner image receiving layer from being offset. The release agent used in the present invention is heated and melted at the fixing temperature, deposited on the surface of the toner image-receiving layer, unevenly distributed on the surface of the toner image-receiving layer, and further cooled and solidified to form the surface of the toner image-receiving layer. The type of the release agent material is not particularly limited as long as it forms a layer of the release agent material, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
Examples of the release agent include at least one selected from a silicone compound, a fluorine compound, a wax, and a matting agent.

  As the mold release agent, for example, compounds described in Sachishobo "Revised Wax Properties and Applications", a silicone handbook published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, Ltd. can be used. Also, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-38581, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-32380, Japanese Patent No. 2838498, Japanese Patent No. 2949558, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-117433, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 52-52640, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-148755, JP 61-62056, JP 61-62057, JP 61-118760, JP 2-42451, JP 3-41465, JP 4-212175, JP 4-214570. JP-A-4-263267, JP-A-5-34966, JP-A-5-119514, JP-A-6-59502, JP-A-6-161150, JP-A-6-175396, JP-A-6-219040. JP-A-6-230600, JP-A-6-295093, JP-A-7-36210, JP-A-7-43940, JP-A-7-56387. JP-A-7-56390, JP-A-7-64335, JP-A-7-199681, JP-A-7-223362, JP-A-7-287413, JP-A-8-184992, JP-A-8-227180, Special Kaihei 8-248671, JP-A-8-248799, JP-A-8-248801, JP-A-8-278663, JP-A-9-152727, JP-A-9-160278, JP-A-9-185181, JP-A-9-185181 No. 9-319139, JP-A-9-319143, JP-A-10-20549, JP-A-10-48889, JP-A-10-198069, JP-A-10-207116, JP-A-11-2917, JP-A-11-11. -44969, JP-A-11-65156, JP-A-11-73049, JP-A-11-194542 Silicone compound used in the toner, fluorine compounds or waxes can also be preferably used. Further, a plurality of these compounds can be used in combination.

  Examples of the silicone compound include silicone oil, silicone rubber, silicone fine particles, silicone-modified resin, and reactive silicone compound.

Examples of the silicone oil include non-modified silicone oil, amino-modified silicone oil, carboxy-modified silicone oil, carbinol-modified silicone oil, vinyl-modified silicone oil, epoxy-modified silicone oil, polyether-modified silicone oil, silanol-modified silicone oil, Examples include methacryl-modified silicone oil, mercapto-modified silicone oil, alcohol-modified silicone oil, alkyl-modified silicone oil, and fluorine-modified silicone oil.
Examples of the silicone-modified resin include olefin resin, polyester resin, vinyl resin, polyamide resin, cellulose resin, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin, urethane resin, acrylic resin, styrene-acrylic resin, or a copolymer thereof. Examples thereof include resins obtained by modifying the resin with silicone.

  The fluorine compound is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. For example, fluorine oil, fluorine rubber, fluorine-modified resin, fluorine sulfonic acid compound, fluorosulfonic acid, fluoric acid compound or a salt thereof, An inorganic fluoride etc. are mentioned.

The wax can be roughly classified into natural wax and synthetic wax.
The natural wax is preferably at least one selected from plant waxes, animal waxes, mineral waxes and petroleum waxes, and among these, plant waxes are particularly preferable. The natural wax is particularly preferably a water-dispersed wax from the viewpoint of compatibility when a water-based resin is used as the polymer for the toner image-receiving layer.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said plant-type wax, It can select suitably from well-known things, A commercial item may be sufficient and what was synthesize | combined suitably may be sufficient. Examples of the plant wax include carnauba wax, castor oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, wood wax, cotton wax, rice wax, sugarcane wax, candelilla wax, Japan wax, jojoba oil and the like.
Examples of the commercially available carnauba wax include EMUSTAR-0413 manufactured by Nippon Seiki Co., Ltd., Cellosol 524 manufactured by Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd., and the like. As a commercial item of the said castor oil, the refined castor oil by Ito Oil Co., Ltd., etc. are mentioned.
Among these, in particular, the melting point is 70 in that it can provide an electrophotographic material that is excellent in offset resistance, adhesion resistance, paper passing property, glossiness, hardly cracks, and can form a high-quality image. Carnauba wax at ˜95 ° C. is particularly preferred.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said animal-type wax, According to the objective, it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, beeswax, lanolin, whale wax, stew wax (whale oil), wool wax etc. are mentioned.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said mineral-type wax, It can select suitably from well-known things, A commercial item may be sufficient and what was synthesize | combined suitably may be sufficient. Examples thereof include montan wax, montan ester wax, ozokerite, ceresin and the like.
Among these, in particular, the melting point is 70 in that it can provide an electrophotographic material that is excellent in offset resistance, adhesion resistance, paper passing property, glossiness, hardly cracks, and can form a high-quality image. A montan wax at ˜95 ° C. is particularly preferred.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said petroleum wax, It can select suitably from well-known things, A commercial item may be sufficient and what was synthesize | combined suitably may be sufficient. Examples thereof include paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and petrolatum.

The content in the toner image-receiving layer of the natural wax is preferably ^{0.1~4g / m 2, 0.2~2g / m} 2 is more preferable.
When the content is less than 0.1 g / m ² , offset resistance and adhesion resistance may be particularly insufficient. When the content exceeds 4 g / m ² , the amount of wax is excessive, and an image is formed. May have poor image quality.

  The melting point (° C.) of the natural wax is particularly preferably 70 to 95 ° C. and more preferably 75 to 90 ° C. from the viewpoint of offset resistance and paper passing.

  The synthetic wax is classified into synthetic hydrocarbons, modified waxes, hydrogenated waxes, and other oil-based synthetic waxes. These waxes are preferably water-dispersed waxes in view of compatibility when a water-based thermoplastic resin is used as the thermoplastic resin of the toner image-receiving layer.

Examples of the synthetic hydrocarbon include Fischer-Tropsch wax and polyethylene wax.
Examples of the oil-based synthetic wax include acid amide compounds (such as stearamide) and acid imide compounds (such as phthalic anhydride imide).

  The modified wax is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples thereof include amine-modified wax, acrylic acid-modified wax, fluorine-modified wax, olefin-modified wax, urethane-type wax, and alcohol-type wax. Can be mentioned.

  The hydrogenated wax is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.For example, hydrogenated castor oil, castor oil derivative, stearic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid, sebacic acid, Examples include undecylenic acid, heptylic acid, maleic acid, highly maleated oil, and the like.

The melting point (° C.) of the release agent is preferably 70 to 95 ° C., and more preferably 75 to 90 ° C., particularly in terms of offset resistance and paper passing properties.
As the release agent added to the toner image-receiving layer, derivatives, oxides, purified products, and mixtures thereof can also be used. Moreover, these may have a reactive substituent.

The content of the release agent is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 8.0% by mass, and 0.5 to 5.0% by mass based on the mass of the toner image-receiving layer. Is more preferable.
When the content is less than 0.1% by mass, the offset resistance and the adhesion resistance may be insufficient. When the content exceeds 10% by mass, the amount of the release agent is too large. Image quality may be degraded.

-Plasticizer-
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said plasticizer, The plasticizer for well-known resin can be suitably selected according to the objective. The plasticizer has a function of adjusting the flow or softening of the toner image receiving layer by heat or pressure when fixing the toner.
Examples of the plasticizer include "Chemical Handbook" (edited by the Chemical Society of Japan, Maruzen), "Plasticizer -Theory and Application-" (written by Koichi Murai, Koshobo), "Research on plasticizer", "Research on plasticizer" “Lower” (edited by Polymer Chemistry Association), “Handbook Rubber / Plastic Compounded Chemicals” (edited by Rubber Digest Co., Ltd.), etc.

Examples of the plasticizer include those described as high-boiling organic solvents and thermal solvents. For example, JP-A-59-83154, JP-A-59-178451, JP-A-59-178453, JP 59-178454, JP 59-178455, JP 59-178457, JP 62-174754, JP 62-245253, JP 61-209444, JP Described in JP-A-61-200538, JP-A-62-2145, JP-A-62-2348, JP-A-62-2247, JP-A-62-136646, JP-A-2-235694, etc. Esters such as phthalic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, fatty acid esters, abietic acid esters, adipic acid esters, sebacic acid esters, Gelaic acid esters, benzoic acid esters, butyric acid esters, epoxidized fatty acid esters, glycolic acid esters, propionic acid esters, trimellitic acid esters, citric acid esters, sulfonic acid esters, carboxylic acid esters Succinic acid esters, maleic acid esters, fumaric acid esters, phthalic acid esters, stearic acid esters, etc.), amides (for example, fatty acid amides, sulfoamides, etc.), ethers, alcohols, lactones And compounds such as polyethyleneoxys.
These plasticizers can be used by mixing with a resin.

Further, as the plasticizer, a relatively low molecular weight polymer can be used. The molecular weight of the plasticizer is preferably lower than the molecular weight of the binder resin to be plasticized, and the molecular weight is preferably 15000 or less, more preferably 5000 or less. In the case of a polymer plasticizer, the polymer is preferably the same type as the binder resin to be plasticized. For example, a low molecular weight polyester is preferable for plasticizing a polyester resin. Furthermore, oligomers can also be used as plasticizers.
In addition to the compounds listed above, commercially available products include, for example, Adekasizer PN-170, PN-1430 (all manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), PARAPLEX-G-25, G-30, G-40 (any C.P.HALL), ester gum 8L-JA, ester R-95, pentalin 4851, FK115, 4820, 830, Louisol 28-JA, picorastic A75, picotex LC, crystallx 3085 (all rationalized) Hercules).

The plasticizer is used for stress and strain generated when toner particles are embedded in the toner image-receiving layer (physical strain such as elastic force and viscosity, strain due to material balance of molecules, binder main chain, pendant portion, etc.). Can be used arbitrarily to alleviate.
The plasticizer may be in a micro-dispersed state in the toner image-receiving layer, may be in a micro-phase-separated state in a sea-island shape, or may be in a sufficiently mixed and dissolved state with other components such as a binder. .
The content of the plasticizer in the toner image-receiving layer is preferably 0.001 to 90% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 60% by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 40% by mass.
The plasticizer adjusts smoothness (improves transportability due to reduced frictional force), improves fixing unit offset (detachment of toner and layers from the fixing unit), adjusts curl balance, and adjusts charging (toner electrostatic image It may be used for the purpose of forming).

-Colorant-
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said colorant, According to the objective, it can select suitably, A fluorescent whitening agent, a white pigment, a colored pigment, dye, etc. are mentioned.
The fluorescent brightening agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a known compound that absorbs in the near ultraviolet region and emits fluorescence at 400 to 500 nm, and can be appropriately selected from known compounds. Preferable examples include compounds described in “The Chemistry of Synthetic Dies”, Volume V, Chapter 8, edited by Veen Rataraman. The fluorescent whitening agent may be a commercially available product or an appropriately synthesized product, for example, a stilbene compound, a coumarin compound, a biphenyl compound, a benzoxazoline compound, or a naphthalimide compound. , Pyrazoline compounds, carbostyryl compounds, and the like. Examples of the commercially available products include white full fur PSN, PHR, HCS, PCS, B (all manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), UVITEX-OB (manufactured by Ciba-Geigy), and the like.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said white pigment, According to the objective, it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, inorganic pigments, such as a titanium oxide and a calcium carbonate, can be used.

The colored pigment is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from known ones according to the purpose. Examples thereof include various pigments, azo pigments, and many described in JP-A-63-44653. Examples thereof include cyclic pigments, condensed polycyclic pigments, lake pigments, and carbon black.
Examples of the azo pigment include azo lake (eg, Carmine 6B, Red 2B, etc.), insoluble azo pigment (eg, monoazo yellow, disazo yellow, pyrazolo orange, vulcan orange, etc.), condensed azo pigment (eg, chromophthal yellow, chromo). Phthared).
Examples of the polycyclic pigment include phthalocyanine pigments such as copper phthalocyanine blue and copper phthalocyanine green.
Examples of the condensed polycyclic pigment include dioxazine pigments (such as dioxazine violet), isoindolinone pigments (such as isoindolinone yellow), selenium pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, and thioindigo pigments. Can be mentioned.
Examples of the lake pigment include malachite green, rhodamine B, rhodamine G, and Victoria blue B.
Examples of the inorganic pigment include oxides (for example, titanium dioxide, bengara, etc.) sulfates (for example, precipitated barium sulfate), carbonates (for example, precipitated calcium carbonate), oxalates (for example, water-containing materials) Succinate, anhydrous succinate, etc.), metal powders (for example, aluminum powder, bronze powder, zinc dust, yellow lead, bitumen), and the like.
These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said dye, According to the objective, it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, an anthraquinone type compound, an azo type compound, etc. are mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Examples of water-insoluble dyes include vat dyes, disperse dyes, and oil-soluble dyes. Examples of the vat dyes include C.I. I. Vat violet 1, C.I. I. Vat violet 2, C.I. I. Vat violet 9, C.I. I. Vat violet 13, C.I. I. Vat violet 21, C.I. I. Vat Blue 1, C.I. I. Vat Blue 3, C.I. I. Vat Blue 4, C.I. I. Vat Blue 6, C.I. I. Vat Blue 14, C.I. I. Vat Blue 20, C.I. I. Vat blue 35 etc. are mentioned. Examples of the disperse dye include C.I. I. Dispers Violet 1, C.I. I. Disperse Violet 4, C.I. I. Disperse Violet 10, C.I. I. Disperse Blue 3, C.I. I. Disperse Blue 7, C.I. I. Disperse Blue 58 etc. are mentioned. Examples of the oil-soluble dye include C.I. I. Solvent Violet 13, C.I. I. Solvent Violet 14, C.I. I. Solvent Violet 21, C.I. I. Solvent Violet 27, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 11, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 12, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 25, C.I. I. Solvent Blue 55 etc. are mentioned.
In addition, a colored coupler used in silver salt photography can also be suitably used.

Of the colorant, the content in the toner image-receiving layer is preferably ^{0.1~8g / m 2, 0.5~5g / m} 2 is more preferable.
When the content of the colorant is less than 0.1 g / m ² , the light transmittance in the toner image-receiving layer may be increased. When the content exceeds 8 g / m ² , handling properties such as cracking and adhesion resistance are improved. May be inferior.
Among the colorants, the amount of the pigment added is preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 20% by mass or less based on the mass of the thermoplastic resin constituting the toner image receiving layer. preferable.

As said filler, an organic or inorganic filler is mentioned, A well-known thing can be used as a reinforcing agent for binder resin, a filler, and a reinforcing material. The filler should be selected with reference to "Handbook Rubber / Plastic Compounding Chemicals" (edited by Rubber Digest Co., Ltd.), "New Edition Plastic Compounding Agent Fundamentals and Applications" (Taiseisha), "Filler Handbook" (Taiseisha), etc. Can do.
Moreover, an inorganic filler or an inorganic pigment can be used as the filler. Examples of the inorganic filler or inorganic pigment include silica, alumina, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, mica-like iron oxide, lead white, lead oxide, cobalt oxide, strontium chromate, molybdenum-based pigment, smectite, magnesium oxide, Examples include calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and mullite. Among these, silica and alumina are particularly preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The filler preferably has a small particle size. If the particle size is large, the surface of the toner image-receiving layer tends to be roughened.

  The silica includes spherical silica and amorphous silica. The silica can be synthesized by a dry method, a wet method, or an airgel method. The surface of the hydrophobic silica particles may be surface-treated with a trimethylsilyl group or silicone. As the silica, colloidal silica is preferable. The silica is preferably porous.

The alumina includes anhydrous alumina and alumina hydrate. As the crystal form of the anhydrous alumina, α, β, γ, δ, ζ, η, θ, κ, ρ, or χ can be used, and alumina hydrate is preferable to anhydrous alumina. As the alumina hydrate, monohydrate or trihydrate can be used. The monohydrate includes pseudo boehmite, boehmite and diaspore. The trihydrate includes dibsite and bayerite. The alumina is preferably porous.
The alumina hydrate can be synthesized by a sol-gel method in which ammonia is added to an aluminum salt solution to precipitate or a method in which an alkali aluminate is hydrolyzed. The anhydrous alumina can be obtained by dehydrating alumina hydrate by heating.

  The amount of the filler added is preferably 5 to 2000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the dry mass of the binder of the toner image receiving layer.

The cross-linking agent can be blended to adjust the storage stability, thermoplasticity, etc. of the toner image-receiving layer. As the crosslinking agent, a compound having two or more known reactive groups in the molecule as the reactive group, such as an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an aldehyde group, an active halogen group, an active methylene group, an acetylene group, or the like is used.
As the crosslinking agent, a compound having two or more groups capable of forming a bond by a hydrogen bond, an ionic bond, a coordinate bond, or the like can be used.
As the crosslinking agent, for example, a known compound can be used as a coupling agent for a resin, a curing agent, a polymerization agent, a polymerization accelerator, a coagulant, a film-forming agent, a film-forming auxiliary, and the like. Examples of the coupling agent include chlorosilanes, vinyl silanes, epoxy silanes, aminosilanes, alkoxyaluminum chelates, titanate coupling agents, etc., and “Handbook Rubber / Plastic Compounding Chemicals” (edited by Rubber Digest Co., Ltd.). ) Etc. can be used.

The toner image receiving layer preferably contains a charge adjusting agent in order to adjust transfer or adhesion of toner or to prevent charging adhesion of the toner image receiving layer.
The charge control agent is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, a surfactant such as a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant In addition to agents, polymer electrolytes, conductive metal oxides, and the like can be used. Specifically, cationic antistatic agents such as quaternary ammonium salts, polyamine derivatives, cation-modified polymethyl methacrylate, and cation-modified polystyrene; anionic antistatic agents such as alkyl phosphates and anionic polymers; fatty acid esters, polyethylene oxide Nonionic antistatic agents such as
In the case where the toner has a negative charge, for example, a cation or a nonion is preferable as the charge adjusting agent blended in the toner image receiving layer.
Examples of the conductive metal oxide include ZnO, TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , In ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , MgO, BaO, and MoO ₃ . These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The conductive metal oxide may further contain (doping) a different element, for example, Al, In, etc. with respect to ZnO, Nb, Ta, etc. with respect to TiO ₂ , and SnO _{2 with} respect to SnO ₂ . Can contain (doping) Sb, Nb, a halogen element, or the like.

-Other additives-
The material that can be used for the toner image-receiving layer may contain various additives for improving the stability of the output image and improving the stability of the toner image-receiving layer itself. Examples of the additive include various known antioxidants, antioxidants, deterioration inhibitors, ozone deterioration inhibitors, ultraviolet absorbers, metal complexes, light stabilizers, preservatives, fungicides, and the like.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said antioxidant, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, a chroman compound, a coumaran compound, a phenol compound (for example, hindered phenol), a hydroquinone derivative, a hindered amine derivative, a spiroindane compound is mentioned. Can be mentioned. The antioxidant is described in JP-A No. 61-159644.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said anti-aging agent, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, it describes in "Handbook rubber and plastic compounding chemicals revised 2nd edition" (1993, Rubber Digest company) p76-121. Can be mentioned.

  There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said ultraviolet absorber, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, a benzotriazole compound (refer U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,794), 4-thiazolidone compound (U.S. Pat. No. 3,352,681) And benzophenone compounds (see JP-A No. 46-2784), and UV-absorbing polymers (see JP-A No. 62-260152).

There is no restriction | limiting in particular as said metal complex, According to the objective, it can select suitably, For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,241,155, U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,018, U.S. Pat. Those described in JP-A-61-88256, JP-A-62-174741, JP-A-63-199248, JP-A-1-75568, and JP-A-1-74272 are suitable. .
Further, ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers described in "Handbook Rubber / Plastic Compounding Chemicals Revised 2nd Edition" (1993, Rubber Digest Co., Ltd.) p122 to 137 can also be suitably used.

  Note that, as described above, known photographic additives can be added to the material that can be used for the toner image-receiving layer, if necessary. Examples of the photographic additive include Research Disclosure Magazine (hereinafter abbreviated as RD) No. 17643 (December 1978), RD No. 18716 (November 1979) and RD No. 307105 (November 1989), and the corresponding parts are summarized in the following table.

  The toner image-receiving layer is provided by applying a coating solution containing the toner image-receiving layer thermoplastic resin on the support with a wire coater or the like and drying. The film forming temperature (MFT) of the thermoplastic resin is preferably room temperature or higher for storage before printing, and preferably 100 ° C. or lower for fixing toner particles.

The toner image-receiving layer, the coating weight after drying, for example, preferably ^{1~20g / m 2, 4~15g / m} 2 is more preferable.
The thickness of the toner image-receiving layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, it is preferably 1/2 or more of the particle diameter of the toner used, and is 1 to 3 times thicker. More specifically, 1-50 micrometers is preferable, 1-30 micrometers is more preferable, 2-20 micrometers is still more preferable, and 5-15 micrometers is especially preferable.

[Physical properties of toner image-receiving layer]
The toner image-receiving layer has a 180 degree peel strength at a fixing temperature with the fixing member of preferably 0.1 N / 25 mm or less, and more preferably 0.041 N / 25 mm or less. The 180 degree peel strength can be measured according to the method described in JIS K6887 using the surface material of the fixing member.
The toner image receiving layer preferably has a high whiteness. The whiteness is preferably 85% or more as measured by the method defined in JIS P 8123. In addition, in the wavelength region of 440 nm to 640 nm, the spectral reflectance is preferably 85% or more, and the difference between the maximum spectral reflectance and the minimum spectral reflectance in the same wavelength region is preferably within 5%. Furthermore, the spectral reflectance is preferably 85% or more in the wavelength region of 400 nm to 700 nm, and the difference between the maximum spectral reflectance and the minimum spectral reflectance in the same wavelength region is more preferably within 5%.
As the whiteness, specifically, in the CIE 1976 (L ^* a ^* b ^* ) color space, the L ^* value is preferably 80 or more, more preferably 85 or more, and still more preferably 90 or more. The white color is preferably as neutral as possible. As a white color, in the L ^* a ^* b ^* space, the value of (a ^* ) ² + (b ^* ) ² is preferably 50 or less, more preferably 18 or less, and still more preferably 5 or less.

The toner image receiving layer preferably has high gloss after image formation. The glossiness is preferably 60 or more, more preferably 75 or more, and still more preferably 90 or more in the entire region from white without toner to black having the maximum density.
However, the glossiness is preferably 110 or less. If it exceeds 110, it becomes like metallic luster, which is not preferable as image quality.
Here, the glossiness can be measured based on, for example, JIS Z8741.

The toner image receiving layer preferably has high smoothness after fixing. As the smoothness, the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) is preferably 3 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.5 μm or less in the entire region from white without toner to black having the maximum density.
Here, the arithmetic mean roughness can be measured based on, for example, JIS B0601, JIS B0651, and JIS B0652.

The toner image-receiving layer preferably has a physical property of one item in the following items, more preferably has a physical property of a plurality of items, and further preferably has a physical property of all items.
(1) Tm (melting temperature) of the toner image-receiving layer is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, and preferably Tm + 20 ° C. or lower of the toner.
(2) The temperature at which the viscosity of the toner image-receiving layer becomes 1 × 10 ⁵ cp is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, and is preferably lower than that of the toner.
(3) The storage elastic modulus (G ′) at the fixing temperature of the toner image-receiving layer is 1 × 10 ² to 1 × 10 ⁵ Pa, and the loss elastic modulus (G ″) is 1 × 10 ² to 1 × 10 ⁵ Pa. preferable.
(4) The loss tangent (G ″ / G ′), which is the ratio of the loss elastic modulus (G ″) at the fixing temperature of the toner image receiving layer and the storage elastic modulus (G ′), is preferably from 0.01 to 10.
(5) The storage elastic modulus (G ′) at the fixing temperature of the toner image-receiving layer is preferably −50 to +2500 with respect to the storage elastic modulus (G ′) at the fixing temperature of the toner.
(6) The inclination angle of the molten toner on the toner image-receiving layer is preferably 50 degrees or less, and more preferably 40 degrees or less.
The toner image-receiving layer satisfies the physical properties disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2788358, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-248637, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-305067, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-239889, and the like. preferable.

The surface electric resistance of the toner image-receiving layer is preferably in the range of 1 × 10 ⁶ to 1 × 10 ¹⁵ Ω / cm ² (under the condition of 25 ° C.-65% RH).
If the surface resistance is less than 1 × 10 ⁶ Ω / cm ² , the toner amount when the toner is transferred to the toner image-receiving layer is not sufficient, and the density of the obtained toner image tends to be low. If it exceeds × 10 ¹⁵ Ω / cm ² , an excessive charge is generated at the time of transfer, the toner is not transferred sufficiently, the density of the image is low, and electrostatic charges and dust adhere to the electrophotographic material during handling. It becomes easy. Misfeeds, double feeds, discharge marks, toner transfer missing, etc. may occur during copying.
Here, the surface electrical resistance is based on JIS K6911, the sample is conditioned for 8 hours or more in an environment of a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65%, and under the same environment, R8340 manufactured by Advantest Corporation is used. It can be obtained by measuring after one minute has passed after energization under the condition of an applied voltage of 100V.

[Other layers]
Examples of the other layers in the electrophotographic material include, for example, a surface protective layer, a back layer, an adhesion improving layer, an intermediate layer, an undercoat layer, a cushion layer, a charge control (prevention) layer, a reflective layer, a color adjusting layer, and storage stability. Examples include an improved layer, an adhesion preventing layer, an anti-curl layer, and a smoothing layer. These layers may be composed of a single layer or may be composed of two or more layers.

-Surface protective layer-
The surface protective layer is the toner image-receiving layer for the purpose of protecting the surface of the electrophotographic material, improving storage stability, improving handleability, imparting writability, improving instrument passability, imparting anti-offset property, etc. Can be provided on the surface. The surface protective layer may be a single layer or may be composed of two or more layers. In the surface protective layer, various thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and the like can be used as a binder, and it is preferable to use the same type of resin as the toner image receiving layer. However, thermodynamic characteristics, electrostatic characteristics, and the like do not need to be the same as those of the toner image-receiving layer, and can be optimized.

The surface protective layer may contain the various additives described above that can be used for the toner image-receiving layer. In particular, the surface protective layer may be blended with other additives such as a matting agent in addition to the release agent used in the present invention. In addition, as said mat agent, various well-known things are mentioned.
The outermost surface layer in the electrophotographic material (for example, a surface protective layer when a surface protective layer is formed) preferably has good compatibility with the toner from the viewpoint of fixability. Specifically, the contact angle with the melted toner is preferably, for example, 0 to 40 degrees.

-Back layer-
In the electrophotographic material, the back layer is provided on the opposite side of the toner image-receiving layer with respect to the support for the purpose of imparting back surface output suitability, improving back surface output image quality, improving curl balance, and improving device passability. Is preferred.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a color of the said back layer, When the said electrophotographic material is a double-sided output type image receiving sheet which forms an image also in a back surface, it is preferable that a back layer is also white. The whiteness and the spectral reflectance are preferably 85% or more like the surface.
Further, the back layer may have the same structure as that of the toner image receiving layer for improving the duplex output suitability. Various additives described above can be used for the back layer. As such an additive, it is particularly suitable to blend a matting agent, a charge adjusting agent and the like. The back layer may have a single layer configuration or a stacked configuration of two or more layers.
Further, in order to prevent offset at the time of fixing, when a releasable oil is used for the fixing roller or the like, the back layer may be oil absorbing.
The thickness of the back layer is usually preferably from 0.1 to 10 μm.

-Adhesion improvement layer, etc.-
The adhesion improving layer is preferably formed for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the support and the toner image receiving layer in the electrophotographic material. The above-mentioned various additives can be blended in the adhesion improving layer, and it is particularly preferable to blend a crosslinking agent. The electrophotographic material of the present invention preferably further comprises a cushion layer or the like between the adhesion improving layer and the toner image receiving layer in order to improve the toner acceptability.

-Intermediate layer-
The intermediate layer is formed, for example, between the support and the adhesion improving layer, between the adhesion improving layer and the cushion layer, between the cushion layer and the toner image receiving layer, and between the toner image receiving layer and the storage stability improving layer. Can do. Of course, in the case of an electrophotographic material comprising a support, a toner image receiving layer and an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer can be present, for example, between the support and the toner image receiving layer.

  In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular as thickness of the said electrophotographic material of this invention, Although it can select suitably according to the objective, For example, 50-550 micrometers is preferable and 100-350 micrometers is more preferable.

<Toner>
The electrophotographic material of the present invention is used by allowing the toner image receiving layer to receive toner during printing or copying.
The toner contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, and further contains a release agent and other components as necessary.

-Toner binder resin-
The binder resin is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from those usually used for toner according to the purpose. For example, styrenes such as styrene and parachlorostyrene; vinyl naphthalene, vinyl chloride Vinyl esters such as vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl butyrate; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, Methylene aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as n-octyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl α-chloroacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate; acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, Vinyl nitrile such as acrylamide Vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinyl pyrrole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole and N-vinyl pyrrolidone; methacrylic acid, acrylic Homopolymers of vinyl monomers such as vinyl carboxylic acids such as acid and cinnamic acid or copolymers thereof, and various polyesters can be used, and various waxes can be used in combination.
Among these resins, it is preferable to use a resin of the same system as that used in the toner image receiving layer of the present invention.

-Toner colorant-
The colorant is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from those used in normal toners according to the purpose. For example, carbon black, chrome yellow, hansa yellow, benzidine yellow, sren yellow, quinoline Yellow, Permanent Orange GTR, Pyrazolone Orange, Vulcan Orange, Watch Young Red, Permanent Red, Brilliantamine 3B, Brilliantamine 6B, Dapon Oil Red, Pyrazolone Red, Resol Red, Rhodamine B Lake, Lake Red C, Rose Bengal Various pigments such as aniline blue, ultramarine blue, calco oil blue, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, and malachite green oxalelate It is. Acridine, xanthene, azo, benzoquinone, azine, anthraquinone, thioindico, dioxazine, thiazine, azomethine, indico, thioindico, phthalocyanine, aniline black, polymethine, triphenyl Examples include various dyes such as methane, diphenylmethane, thiazine, thiazole, and xanthene.
These colorants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in content of the said coloring agent, According to the objective, it can select suitably, The range of 2-8 mass% is preferable. When the content of the colorant is less than 2% by mass, the coloring power may be weakened, and when it exceeds 8% by mass, the transparency may be impaired.

-Toner release agent-
The release agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from those usually used for toner according to the purpose. For example, a relatively low molecular weight highly crystalline polyethylene wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax is used. In particular, polar waxes containing nitrogen such as amide waxes and compounds having urethane bonds are particularly effective.
The molecular weight of the polyethylene wax is preferably 1000 or less, and more preferably 300 to 1000.
The compound having a urethane bond is suitable because even if it has a low molecular weight, the solid state can be maintained and the melting point can be set high for the molecular weight due to the strength of cohesive force due to the polar group. A preferable range of the molecular weight is 300 to 1,000. Raw materials are combinations of diisocyanate compounds and monoalcohols, combinations of monoisocyanic acid and monoalcohols, combinations of dialcohols and monoisocyanic acid, combinations of trialcohols and monoisocyanic acid, triisocyanic acid Various combinations such as a combination of compounds and monoalcohols can be selected, but in order not to increase the molecular weight, it is preferable to combine a compound of a polyfunctional group and a monofunctional group, and an equivalent functional group It is important to be in quantity.

Examples of the monoisocyanate compound include dodecyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate and derivatives thereof, naphthyl isocyanate, hexyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, and allyl isocyanate.
Examples of the diisocyanic acid compound include tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4'diphenylmethane, toluene diisocyanate, 1,3-diisocyanate, 3-phenylene, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 4-methyl-m-phenylene diisocyanate, and diisocyanate. Examples include isophorone.
Examples of the monoalcohol include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol and the like.
Examples of the dialcohols include many glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and trimethylene glycol; examples of the trialcohols include trimethylolpropane, triethylolpropane, and trimethanolethane.

  These urethane compounds can be mixed with a resin and a colorant at the time of kneading and used as a kneaded and pulverized toner as in a normal release agent. In addition, when used in the emulsion polymerization aggregation melting toner described above, it is dispersed together with an ionic surfactant, a polymer electrolyte such as a polymer acid or a polymer base in water, heated to a temperature higher than the melting point, and then a homogenizer or pressure discharge. It can be made into fine particles by applying strong shearing with a mold disperser to prepare a release agent particle dispersion of 1 μm or less, which can be used together with a resin particle dispersion, a colorant dispersion and the like.

-Other components of toner-
The toner may contain other components such as an internal additive, a charge control agent, and inorganic fine particles. As said internal additive, magnetic bodies, such as metals, alloys, such as a ferrite, magnetite, reduced iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, an alloy, or a compound containing these metals, can be used, for example.

  Examples of the charge control agent include various commonly used charge control agents such as quaternary ammonium salt compounds, nigrosine compounds, dyes composed of complexes of aluminum, iron, chromium, and triphenylmethane pigments. be able to. A material that is difficult to dissolve in water is preferable from the viewpoint of controlling the ionic strength that affects the stability during aggregation and melting and reducing wastewater contamination.

  As the inorganic fine particles, for example, silica, alumina, titania, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, etc., usually all external additives on the toner surface can be used, and these can be used as ionic surfactants or polymer acids. It is preferable to use it dispersed in a polymer base.

  Furthermore, a surfactant can be used for emulsion polymerization, seed polymerization, pigment dispersion, resin particle dispersion, release agent dispersion, aggregation, and stabilization thereof. For example, anionic surfactants such as sulfate ester, sulfonate, phosphate, and soap, cationic surfactants such as amine salt type and quaternary ammonium salt type, polyethylene glycol type, alkylphenol It is also effective to use a nonionic surfactant such as an ethylene oxide adduct system or a polyhydric alcohol system in combination. As a dispersing means at that time, a general means such as a rotary shear type homogenizer, a ball mill having a media, a sand mill, a dyno mill or the like can be used.

An external additive may be further added to the toner as necessary. Examples of the external additive include inorganic particles and organic particles. Examples of the inorganic particles include SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , CuO, ZnO, SnO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , MgO, BaO, CaO, K ₂ O, Na ₂ O, ZrO ₂ , CaO. Examples include SiO ₂ , K ₂ O. (TiO ₂ ) _n , Al ₂ O ₃ .2SiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , MgCO ₃ , BaSO ₄ , MgSO _{4 and the} like. Moreover, as said organic particle, fatty acid or its derivative (s), powders, such as these metal salts, resin powders, such as fluorine resin, a polyethylene resin, an acrylic resin, etc. can be used, for example.
For example, the average particle diameter of these particles is preferably 0.01 to 5 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 μm.

  The method for producing the toner is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. (I) A step of forming aggregated particles in a dispersion obtained by dispersing resin particles to prepare an aggregated particle dispersion (Ii) adding and mixing a fine particle dispersion in which fine particles are dispersed in the aggregated particle dispersion to adhere the fine particles to the aggregated particles to form the adhered particles; and (iii) the attached particles. The toner is preferably manufactured by a method for manufacturing a toner comprising a step of heating and coalescing to form toner particles.

-Physical properties of toner-
The volume average particle diameter of the toner is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
If the volume average particle size of the toner is too small, there may be an adverse effect on toner handling (replenishability, cleaning properties, fluidity, etc.), and particle productivity may be reduced. On the other hand, if the volume average particle diameter of the toner is too large, the image quality and resolution due to graininess and transferability may be adversely affected.
The toner preferably satisfies the toner volume average particle size range and has a volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv) of 1.3 or less.
The ratio (GSDv / GSDn) of the volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv) to the number average particle size distribution index (GSDn) is preferably 0.95 or more.
Further, the toner preferably satisfies the toner volume average particle diameter range, and the average value of the shape factor represented by the following formula is preferably 1.00 to 1.50.
Shape factor = (π × L ² ) / (4 × S)
(However, L represents the maximum length of toner particles, and S represents the projected area of toner particles.)
When the toner satisfies the above conditions, it has an effect on image quality, particularly graininess and resolution, and it is difficult to cause omission and blur due to transfer, and handling properties are adversely affected even if the average particle size is not small. It becomes difficult.

The storage elastic modulus G ′ (measured at an angular frequency of 10 rad / sec) at 150 ° C. of the toner itself is 1 × 10 ² to 1 × 10 ⁵ Pa. It is appropriate from the aspect of

<Thermal material>
The heat-sensitive material has, for example, a structure in which at least a thermochromic layer is provided as the image-recording layer on the image-recording material support of the present invention, and is repeated by heating with a heat-sensitive head and fixing with ultraviolet rays. Examples thereof include heat-sensitive materials used in a thermoautochrome method (TA method) for forming an image.

<Sublimation transfer material>
The sublimation transfer material has, for example, a configuration in which an ink layer containing at least a heat diffusible dye (sublimation dye) is provided as the image recording layer on the support for image recording material of the present invention. And a sublimation transfer method in which a heat-diffusible dye is transferred from an ink layer onto a sublimation transfer sheet by heating with a thermal head.

<Thermal transfer material>
The thermal transfer material has, for example, a configuration in which at least a heat-meltable ink layer is provided as the image recording layer on the image recording material support of the present invention, and is heated and melted by a thermal head. Examples include a method of melting and transferring ink from an ink layer onto a thermal transfer sheet.

<Silver salt photographic material>
The silver salt photographic material has, for example, a structure in which an image forming layer that develops color at least in YMC is provided as the image recording layer on the support for image recording material of the present invention, and is subjected to printing exposure. Examples include a silver halide photographic system in which a silver halide photographic sheet is passed through a plurality of processing tanks while being immersed, and color development, bleach-fixing, washing with water and drying are performed.

<Inkjet recording material>
As the ink jet recording material, for example, on the support for image recording material of the present invention, as the image recording layer, liquid ink such as water-based ink (using a dye or pigment as a coloring material) and oil-based ink, The colorant receiving layer is solid at room temperature and can receive solid ink or the like that is melted and liquefied and used for printing.

<Printing paper>
The image recording material support is also preferably used as printing paper. When used as printing paper, a material having high mechanical strength is preferable from the viewpoint of applying ink or the like by a printing machine.

  When the base paper is used as the support for the image recording material, it is preferable that the paper contains a filler, a softening agent, an internal additive for papermaking, and the like. As fillers, commonly used ones can be used, for example, clay, calcined clay, diatomaceous earth, talc, kaolin, calcined kaolin, deramikaolin, heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, titanium dioxide. Inorganic fillers such as zinc oxide, silicon oxide, amorphous silica, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide; organic fillers such as urea-formalin resin, polystyrene resin, phenol resin, and fine hollow particles , Etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  Examples of the internal additive for papermaking include various conventionally used nonionic, cationic, and anionic yield improvers, freeness improvers, paper strength improvers, and internally added sizing agents. Can be mentioned. Specifically, basic aluminum compounds such as sulfate band, aluminum chloride, sodium aluminate, basic aluminum chloride, basic polyaluminum hydroxide; polyvalent metal compounds such as ferrous sulfate and ferric sulfate, starch , Modified starch, polyacrylamide, urea resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyamine resin, polyethyleneimine, plant gum, polyvinyl alcohol, latex, polyethylene oxide and other water-soluble polymers, hydrophilic crosslinked polymer particle dispersion, These derivatives or modified products are exemplified. These substances simultaneously have some of the functions as an internal additive for papermaking.

  Next, examples of the internally added sizing agent include alkyl ketene dimer compounds, alkenyl succinic anhydride compounds, styrene-acrylic compounds, higher fatty acid compounds, petroleum resin sizing agents, and rosin sizing agents.

  Furthermore, internal additives for papermaking such as dyes, fluorescent brighteners, pH adjusters, antifoaming agents, pitch control agents, slime control agents and the like may be appropriately added depending on the intended use.

  The printing paper is particularly suitable as offset printing paper, and can be used as letterpress printing paper, gravure printing paper, and electrophotographic paper.

  Since the image recording material of the present invention has a support for image recording material that achieves both high flatness and excellent gloss on a high level, and the image recording layer on the support, the image recording material has high image quality without unevenness. Images can be recorded, have excellent gloss and smoothness, and are suitable for any of electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, sublimation transfer materials, thermal transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, and inkjet recording materials. Is.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
Hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP) was beaten with a disc refiner to 280 ml (Canadian standard freeness, CSF) to prepare a pulp stock having a fiber length of 0.65 mm.
Based on the pulp mass, the pulp stock is 1.6% by mass cationic starch, 0.4% by mass alkyl ketene dimer (AKD), 0.3% by mass anionic polyacrylamide, 0.2% epoxidized fatty acid amide (EFA). It added so that it might become a ratio of 0.2 mass% of mass% and polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin. The alkyl portion of the alkyl ketene dimer is derived from a fatty acid mainly composed of behenic acid. The fatty acid portion of the epoxidized fatty acid amide is derived from a fatty acid mainly composed of behenic acid.

A wet paper having an absolutely dry basis weight of 140 g / m ² and a moisture content of 68% was prepared using the obtained pulp paper stock by a handsheet machine.
Next, using a soft calender device, the surface temperature of the metal roll having a surface temperature of 250 ° C. on the surface side (front surface) on which the image recording layer is provided and the resin roll on the opposite surface (back surface) is set to 40 ° C. The calendar process was performed.
The density of the obtained base paper was 1.05 g / cm ³ , and the sum (PV value) of the average peak height and the average valley depth of the base paper measured by the following method was 8.3 μm.

<Measurement of sum of average peak height and average valley depth (PV value) of base paper>
Using a surface shape measuring device (Surfcom 570A-3DF, manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd.), based on the following measurement and analysis conditions, an image recording layer of the support for image recording material under a condition of 5 to 6 mm cutoff is provided. The sum of peak height and valley depth (PV value) on the side surface (front surface) was measured, and the average peak height and average valley depth were determined.
-Measurement and analysis conditions-
-Scanning direction: MD direction of sample-Measuring length: Papermaking (X) direction 50 mm, its vertical (Y) direction 30 mm
・ Measurement pitch: 0.1 mm in the X direction, 0.1 mm in the Y direction
・ Scanning speed: 30mm / sec
・ Band pass filter: 5-6mm

On the surface of the obtained base paper on which the image recording layer is provided, a lower coating layer was formed using a blade coater with a coating layer coating liquid A having the following composition so that the coating amount when dried was 4 g / m ² . .
<Composition of coating liquid A for coating layer>
-Clay ... 40 parts by mass-CaCO ₃ ... 20 parts by mass-Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) ... 20 parts by mass-Starch ... 20 parts by mass-Water ... 100 parts by mass The thickness variation of the lower coating layer was taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a cross-sectional photograph was taken (magnification 1000 times), and the thickness of the coating layer was measured. A length of 100 μm × 20 points was measured, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained measurement values was determined, and the value was used as the fluctuation value. The results are shown in Table 2.

Next, the coating solution B for coating layer having the following composition is applied onto the lower coating layer by the spray coater shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 so that the coating amount when dried is 3 g / m ^2. Formed.
<Composition of coating solution B for coating layer>
TiO ₂ ... 10 parts by mass Styrene-acrylic copolymer ... 80 parts by mass Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) ... 10 parts by mass Water ... 100 parts by mass The thickness of the obtained upper coating layer As for the fluctuation, a cross-sectional photograph was taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (magnification 1000 times), and the thickness of the coating layer was measured. A length of 100 μm × 20 points was measured, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained measurement values was determined, and the value was used as the fluctuation value. The results are shown in Table 3.

  Next, using a soft calender device, the surface temperature of the metal roll having a surface temperature of 250 ° C. and the surface temperature of the resin roll on the opposite surface was set to 40 ° C. on the surface of the coating layer, and calendar treatment was performed. Thus, the support for image recording material of Example 1 was produced.

(Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4)
Except having changed into the conditions shown in Table 2 and Table 3 in Example 1, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and produced each support for image recording materials of Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4.
About the obtained support body of Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and calculated | required the thickness fluctuation | variation of the coating layer. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

表２及び表３において、
＊ブレードコーターの条件：高速枚葉式ブレードコーター（株式会社エスエムテー製）により、塗布速度２００ｍ／ｍｉｎで塗布を行った。
＊カーテンコーターの条件：高速枚葉式カーテンコーター（株式会社新東科学製）により、塗布速度１５０ｍ／ｍｉｎで塗布を行った。

In Table 2 and Table 3,
* Blade coater conditions: Coating was performed at a coating speed of 200 m / min using a high-speed single-wafer blade coater (manufactured by SMT Co., Ltd.).
* Conditions for curtain coater: Coating was performed at a coating speed of 150 m / min using a high-speed single-wafer curtain coater (manufactured by Shinto Kagaku Co., Ltd.).

  Next, for each of the obtained image recording material supports of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, flatness, gloss unevenness, and thickness variation ratio of the coating layer (upper coating layer) Thickness variation / thickness variation of the lower coating layer). The results are shown in Table 4.

<Evaluation of flatness>
About each support for image recording materials, the planarity was evaluated by the following reference | standard by visual observation by 20 panelists.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
1. A clear disorder of flatness is observed.
2 ・ ・ There is a disorder of flatness, and it is a level that causes a problem in practical use.
3. Although there is a slight disturbance in flatness, it is a level that does not cause a problem in practical use.
4. No problem with flatness.
5. No problem with flatness.

<Evaluation of uneven gloss>
The gloss unevenness of each image recording material support was visually observed, and the least glossy unevenness was ranked as A and then evaluated as B, C, D, E based on the following criteria.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A: There is no uneven gloss.
B: There is almost no uneven gloss.
C: There is a little gloss unevenness.
D: There is uneven gloss.
E: There are many uneven glossiness.

＊Ｂ（Ｅ）は、一部にブレード筋故障によるＥランク部分が存在する。
＊厚さ変動比＝（上側塗布層の厚さ変動／下側塗布層の厚さ変動）

* B (E) has an E rank part due to blade muscle failure in part.
* Thickness fluctuation ratio = (Thickness fluctuation of upper coating layer / Thickness fluctuation of lower coating layer)

(Examples 4-6 and Comparative Examples 5-8)
−Preparation of electrophotographic image receiving paper−
Using the image recording material supports of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, electrophotographic image receiving papers of Examples 4 to 6 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 were produced by the following method.

-Titanium dioxide dispersion-
Nippon Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. was mixed with 40.0 g of titanium dioxide (Typaque (registered trademark) A-220, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.), 2.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA102, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and 58.0 g of ion-exchanged water. A titanium dioxide dispersion (with a titanium dioxide pigment content of 40% by mass) was prepared by dispersing using NBK-2.

-Preparation of coating solution for toner image-receiving layer-
15.5 g of the titanium dioxide dispersion, 15.0 g of carnauba wax dispersion (Cerosol 524, manufactured by Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd.), polyester resin aqueous dispersion (solid content 30% by mass, KZA-7049, manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) 100 0.0 g, thickener (Alcox E30, manufactured by Meisei Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2.0 g, anionic surfactant (AOT) 0.5 g, and ion-exchanged water 80 ml are mixed and stirred to form a toner image-receiving layer coating solution. Was prepared.
The resulting toner image-receiving layer coating solution had a viscosity of 40 mPa · s and a surface tension of 34 mN / m.

-Preparation of coating solution for back layer-
The following components were mixed and stirred to prepare a back layer coating solution.
Acrylic resin water dispersion (solid content 30% by mass, Hiloss XBH-997L, manufactured by Seiko Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 100.0 g, matting agent (Techpomer MBX-12, manufactured by Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd.) 5.0 g, release A mold (Hydrin D337, manufactured by Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd.) 10.0 g, a thickener (CMC) 2.0 g, an anionic surfactant (AOT) 0.5 g, and 80 ml of ion-exchanged water are mixed and stirred. A coating solution for the back layer was prepared.
The viscosity of the obtained coating liquid for back layer was 35 mPa · s, and the surface tension was 33 mN / m.

-Coating of back layer and toner image-receiving layer-
On the back surface (surface on the side where no toner image-receiving layer is provided) of each of the image recording material supports of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the back layer coating liquid was dried with a bar coater and the dry mass was 9 g / m. ² to form a back layer. Further, the toner image-receiving layer coating solution was applied to the surface of each image recording material support with a bar coater so as to have a dry mass of 12 g / m ² , thereby forming a toner image-receiving layer. The pigment content in the toner image-receiving layer was 5% by mass relative to the thermoplastic resin.

The back layer and the toner image receiving layer were coated and then dried online with hot air. In the drying, the drying air volume and temperature were adjusted so that both the back layer and the toner image-receiving layer were dried within 2 minutes after coating. The drying point was the point at which the coating surface temperature was the same as the wet bulb temperature of the drying air.
Next, after drying, a calendar process was performed. The calendering process was performed under the condition of a nip pressure of 14.7 kN / cm ² (15 kgf / cm ² ) using a gloss calender and keeping the metal roller at 40 ° C.

Each obtained electrophotographic image receiving paper was cut into A4 size, and an image was printed using an electrophotographic printer. As the printer used, a color laser printer (DocuColor 1250-PF) manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., having the fixing unit shown in FIG. 3 as the belt fixing device 21 was used.
That is, in the belt fixing device 21 shown in FIG. 3, the fixing belt 22 is suspended over the heating roller 23 and the tension roller 25, and the cleaning roller 26 is disposed above the tension roller 25 via the fixing belt 22. Provided. Further, a pressure roller 24 is provided below the heating roller 23 via a fixing belt 22. The electrophotographic image receiving paper having the latent toner image is inserted and fixed between the heating roller 23 and the pressure roller 24 from the right side in FIG. Next, the electrophotographic image receiving paper moves on the fixing belt 22 and is cooled by the cooling device 27 in the process. Finally, the fixing belt is cleaned by the cleaning roller 26.
In the belt fixing device 21, the conveyance speed of the fixing belt 22 is 30 mm / second, the nip pressure between the heating roller 23 and the pressure roller 24 is 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm ² ), The set temperature of the heating roller 23 is 150 ° C., which corresponds to the fixing temperature. The set temperature of the pressure roller 24 was set to 120 ° C.

  About each obtained electrophotographic print, image unevenness, smoothness, and glossiness were evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 5.

<Image unevenness>
The image unevenness of each electrophotographic print was visually observed, and the best one without image quality unevenness was ranked as A and then evaluated as B, C, D, E based on the following criteria.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
B ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
C ・ ・ ・ Intermediate (impossible as a high-quality recording material)
D: Inferior (not possible as a high-quality recording material)
E ... Very inferior (impossible as high quality recording material)

<Smoothness>
The smoothness of each electrophotographic print was visually observed, and the best smoothness was ranked as A and then evaluated as B, C, D, E based on the following criteria.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
B ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
C ・ ・ ・ Intermediate (impossible as a high-quality recording material)
D: Inferior (not possible as a high-quality recording material)
E ... Very inferior (impossible as high quality recording material)

<Glossiness>
The glossiness of each electrophotographic print was visually observed, and the best glossiness was ranked as A and then evaluated as B, C, D, E based on the following criteria.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
B ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
C ・ ・ ・ Intermediate (impossible as a high-quality recording material)
D: Inferior (not possible as a high-quality recording material)
E ... Very inferior (impossible as high quality recording material)

(Examples 7-9 and Comparative Examples 9-12)
-Production of silver salt photographic materials-
About each support body for image recording materials obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, LDPE containing 10% by mass of TiO ₂ on the surface (front surface) side in contact with the heat roll in calendar processing. Extrusion-coated to a thickness of 25 μm. On the other hand, LDPE / HDPE = 1/1 (mass ratio) was extrusion coated to a thickness of 20 μm on the surface (back surface) side not in contact with the heat roll in the calendar process. Corona discharge treatment was performed on the LDPE surface (front surface) side, and gelatin was applied at 0.1 g / m ² to prepare a support for silver salt photographic material.

  A silver halide photographic emulsion was coated on the gelatin coated surface (front surface) of each of the obtained silver salt photographic material supports, and silver salts of Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12 were coated. Photographic materials were prepared. Each obtained silver salt photographic material was exposed and developed to obtain a photographic print.

  About each obtained photographic print, image unevenness and smoothness were evaluated as follows. The results are shown in Table 6.

<Image unevenness>
The image unevenness of each photographic print was visually observed, and the best one without image quality unevenness was ranked as A and then evaluated as B, C, D, E based on the following criteria.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
B ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
C ・ ・ ・ Intermediate (impossible as a high-quality recording material)
D: Inferior (not possible as a high-quality recording material)
E ... Very inferior (impossible as high quality recording material)

<Smoothness>
The smoothness of each photographic print was visually observed, and the best smoothness was ranked as A and then evaluated as B, C, D, E based on the following criteria.
〔Evaluation criteria〕
A ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
B ... Excellent (effective as a high-quality recording material)
C ・ ・ ・ Intermediate (impossible as a high-quality recording material)
D: Inferior (not possible as a high-quality recording material)
E ... Very inferior (impossible as high quality recording material)

The support for an image recording material of the present invention has high flatness and excellent gloss, and therefore can be suitably used for various image recording materials capable of recording a high-quality image without unevenness. In particular, it can be suitably used for electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, sublimation transfer materials, thermal transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, ink jet recording materials, and the like.
Since the image recording material of the present invention has the support for the image recording material of the present invention, it is suitable as an electrophotographic material, a heat sensitive material, a sublimation transfer material, a thermal transfer material, a silver salt photographic material, and an ink jet recording material. Can be used.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a spray type coating apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the edge deckle portion in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a belt fixing device in the image forming apparatus used in the embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Injection nozzle 2 Paper web 3 Edge deck 4 Suction nozzle 5 Cooling element 6 Supply nozzle 7 Suction nozzle 8 Air jet nozzle 9 Shielding hood 10 Slit 21 Belt fixing device 22 Fixing belt 23 Heating roller 24 Pressure roller 25 Tension roller 26 Cleaning roller 27 Cooling device

Claims (8)

  A base sheet and at least one coating layer on at least one surface of the base sheet, the thickness variation A in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface, and the thickness variation in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface A support for an image recording material, wherein B satisfies the following formula: A ≦ (1/3) × B.   The support for an image recording material according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface is a coating layer coated by a blade coater.   3. The support for an image recording material according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is a coating layer coated by either a curtain coater or a spray coater.   The coating by the spray coater sprays the coating layer coating liquid onto the surface of the base paper on which the coating layer is provided, and supports the base paper by spraying air from the other surface of the base paper with the air spray nozzle. The support for image recording materials according to claim 3, which is performed.   The support for an image recording material according to claim 4, wherein the air jetted by the air jet nozzle is heated air.   The at least two coating layers contain at least an adhesive and a pigment, the pigment content in the coating layer farthest from the base paper surface is 40% by mass or less, and the pigment in the coating layer in contact with the base paper surface The support for an image recording material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the content of is at least 50% by mass.   An image recording material comprising the support for image recording material according to claim 1 and at least an image recording layer on the support. The image recording material according to claim 7, which is any one selected from electrophotographic materials, heat-sensitive materials, sublimation transfer materials, thermal transfer materials, silver salt photographic materials, and inkjet recording materials.

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