JP2005520843A - 呼吸用持続性治療製剤 - Google Patents
呼吸用持続性治療製剤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、全て2002年3月20日に出願された米国仮出願番号第60/366,479号、第60/366,449号、第60/366,354号、第60/366,470号、第60/366,487号および第60/366,440号の利益を主張する。本願は、2003年3月19日に出願された代理人管理番号2685.2034-001の「Inhalable Sustained Therapeutic Formulations」と題された米国出願に関連する。上記出願の教示全体が参考により本明細書中に援用される。
治療用、診断用および予防用生物活性剤の肺送達は、例えば、経口投与、経皮投与および非経口投与等の他の投与形態の魅力的な代替法を提供する。典型的には、肺投与は、医学的介入の必要なしに完了され得(すなわち、自己投与が利用可能である)、注入治療にしばしば関連する疼痛が回避される。ある場合には、経口治療で頻繁に遭遇する生物活性剤の酵素性分解およびpH媒介性分解の量が有意に減少されうる。さらに、肺は、薬物吸収のための大きな粘膜表面を提供し、初回通過肝臓影響がない。さらに、多くの分子、例えば、高分子の高バイオアベイラビリティが肺送達を介して達成されうることが示されている。典型的には、深肺、すなわち肺胞は、吸入された生物活性剤、特に全身送達を必要とする薬剤の主要な標的である。
本発明は、リン脂質および十分な量のロイシンを含有する治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の肺送達用粒子が薬剤の持続効果を生じうるという予期せぬ発見に部分的に基づく。詳細には、1〜46重量%の量で粒子中に存在するリン脂質またはリン脂質の組み合わせおよび少なくとも46重量%の量で粒子中に存在するロイシンを含有する治療剤、予防剤、診断剤の肺送達用粒子は、薬剤の持続効果に貢献しうる。少なくとも46重量%のロイシンを含有するが、リン脂質を含有しない粒子は、これらの同じ持続効果特性を示さない。ある局面では、本発明は、薬物送達用粒子および肺系への粒子の送達方法に関する。上記粒子および本明細書中に記載される本発明の粒子を含有する呼吸用組成物は、治療剤として臭化イプラトロピウムおよびキナホ酸サルメテロールを含有する。用語「サルメテロール」および「キナホ酸サルメテロール」は本明細書中では交換可能に使用される。用語「イプラトロピウム」および「臭化イプラトロピウム」は本明細書中では交換可能に使用される。
本発明の好ましい態様を以下に記載する。
に基づいて決定される。
により表されうる。
により表されうる。
1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DSPC)、
1,2-ジラウロイル(dilaureoyl)-sn-3-グリセロ-ホスホコリン(DLPC)、
1,2-ジミリストイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DMPC)、および
1,2-ジオレオイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン(DOPC)
が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
により表されうる。
1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロ-3-エタノールアミン(DPPE)、
1,2-ジミリストイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホエタノールアミン(DMPE)、
1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホエタノールアミン(DSPE)、
1,2-ジラウロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホエタノールアミン(DLPE)、および
1,2-ジオレオイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホエタノールアミン(DOPE)
が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
1-パルミトイル-2-ステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン (PSPC);
1-ステアロイル-2-パルミトイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン (SPPC);
1-ステアロイル-2-ミリストイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン (SMPC);
1-ミリストイル-2-ステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン (MSPC);
1-ミリストイル-2-パルミトイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン (MPPC); および
1-パルミトイル-2-ミリストイル-sn-グリセロ-3-ホスホコリン (PMPC)
が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
粒子生産
表1に列挙された粒子製剤を噴霧乾燥により調製した。噴霧乾燥前の溶液を以下のように調製した。粒子成分を、溶解性を確実にするために適切な溶媒に溶解した。表2に各溶媒に溶解した各粒子成分の質量を列挙している。ロイシンおよびスクロースを、存在する場合には、300 mLの水に溶解した。続いて、硫酸アルブテロールを水溶液に溶解した。DPPCおよび/またはDSPCを700 mLのエタノールに溶解した。両方の溶液を次いで別々に50℃まで加熱した。水相を次いで有機層に混ぜて噴霧乾燥前溶液を総体積量約1 Lで、1 g/Lの個体溶解濃度で形成した。これらの共溶媒混合液は50℃で澄明であった。
実施例1で生産された粒子の質量メジアン空気力学的直径、体積メジアン幾何学的直径、およびタップ密度を決定した。
表1の製剤A、BおよびDのような組成を有する粉末を、実施例1の方法により調製した。次いでこれらの粒子を、気道過敏反応性のモルモットモデルにおいて、気管支誘発性メタコリンチャレンジに続く気管支収縮からの防御に関して試験した。
表1の製剤A、BおよびDの組成を有する粉末を、実施例1の方法により調製した。次いでこれらの粒子を薬物動力学的側面に関してインビボで評価した。
表1の製剤A、CおよびDのような組成を有する粉末を、実施例1の方法により調製した。次いでこれらの粉末を、完全な水和条件下での粒子の物理的完全性における組成の影響を決定するために、アイソトーン溶液中で質量平均直径の減少について試験した。
粒子 (粉末) 生産
臭化イプラトロピウム (IpBr)、キシナホ酸サルメテロール (SX)、および選択した賦形剤を水、エタノール、または水/エタノール混合液に溶解した。製剤成分の溶解性を最適化するために溶媒を選択した。通常、エタノール可溶成分 (例えば、DPPC、MSPC、およびキシナホ酸サルメテロール) をエタノールに溶解し、溶解化の必要性に応じて該溶液を加熱した (例えば、約40〜50℃まで)。水溶性成分 (例えば、ロイシン、マンニトール、クエン酸ナトリウム、塩化カルシウム、および臭化イプラトロピウム) を水に溶解した。クエン酸ナトリウムおよび塩化カルシウムを含む水溶液を、およそpH7.0で緩衝させた。噴霧乾燥直前に、エタノール溶液と水溶液を混合することにより噴霧乾燥前溶液を形成した。水溶液を、リン脂質非含有溶液に関してはエタノール溶液と水溶液を30:70 (v/v) で混合し、リン脂質含有溶液に関してはエタノール溶液と水溶液を60:40または70:30 (v/v) いずれかで混合した。エタノール/水の噴霧乾燥前溶液は総溶液1 Lあたり約1 gの溶解固体を含んでいた。これらの溶液を粉末生産前、20〜50℃の間で (溶解を確実にする必要がある場合) 維持した。
実施例6の粒子を、試験の第一段階(first tier)でエアロゾル性能について評価した。空気力学的に軽い粒子は、従来の粒子が提供し得るよりも肺系への治療剤の有効な送達を提供し得る。空気力学的に軽い粒子としては、約5〜30ミクロンの平均直径および約1〜5ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有するものが挙げられ得る。各製剤を、体積平均幾何学的直径(VMGD)、質量平均空気力学的直径(MMAD)、および微粒子画分(FPF)に基づき、エアロゾル性能について評価した。
各粉末の体積平均幾何学的直径(VMGD)を、低角レーザー光散乱システム可変剪断分散器を使用して、2つの剪断条件、すなわち、1barおよび2barで測定した。RODOS乾燥粉末分散器と共にHELOSレーザー回折計(どちらもSympatec Inc.(Pronceton, NJ)製)を使用して、VMGDを測定した。粉末をRODOS入口に導入し、特定の圧力(1または2bar)で調整した圧縮空気流で生じた剪断力によりエアロゾル化した。続いて、エアロゾル雲をHELOSの測定ゾーンに吸込み、そこで、レーザービーム由来の光を散乱し、粒子サイズ分布を推測しかつ平均幾何学的直径を測定するために使用されるフラウンホーファー回折パターンを生成した。
質量平均空気力学的直径(MMAD)をAerosizer DSP Model 3225 Particle Size Analyzer(Amherst Process Instrument, Inc., Amherst, MA)を用いて測定した。約2mgの粉末をAerosizerに導入するため分散カップに置いた。次いで、Aerosizerは飛行時間測定を使用して、粉末粒子の空気力学的直径を測定した。粒子密度を任意の1g/cm3であると想定したが、これらの測定の目的のためだけであった。
微粒子画分(FPF)を、2ステージの分解(reduced)Thermo Anderson Cascade Impactorを使用して測定した。10ミリグラムの粉末を2号サイズヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(HPMC)カプセル内に秤量した。粉末を、60L/分で2秒間操作した単一ステップ、呼吸作動乾燥粉末吸入器を使用して分散した。これらのステージを、(1)5.6ミクロン〜3.4ミクロンおよび(2)3.4ミクロン未満の有効排除径(ECD)の粒子を回収するために選択し、沈着した粉末を回収するために多孔性フィルター材料を取り付けた。各ステージで沈着した質量を重量分析により測定した。各試料について3回の反復作業を実行し、値を平均した。次いで、FPFをカプセル内に装填した全質量の分数として示した。
実施例6の粉末製剤をまた、物理的安定性の指標として固体状態安定性について試験の第一段階で評価した。固体状態構造を動的蒸気吸着(DVS)および示差走査熱量測定(DSC)を使用して厳密に調べた。
動的蒸気吸着を利用して、粉末製剤の水取り込み特徴を測定した。Surface Measurement Systems(London, United Kingdom)製のDVS-1000器具を、全ての蒸気吸着実験のために使用した。全ての実験では200sccmの気流を使用した。温度を25℃で一定に保った。約10〜15mgの粉末を各実験に使用した。実験を、以下のプロトコールを使用して二重スロープ様式で実行した:
工程1−粉末を20%相対湿度(RH)で0.5時間保持する
工程2−1.5時間にわたり90%RHに至るまで湿度を増やす
工程3−1.5時間にわたり20%RHまで湿度を減らす
工程4−試料を20%RHで0.5時間保持する
工程5−工程2〜4を繰り返し、次いで終了する
示差走査熱量測定を利用して、ほとんどの乾燥粉末製剤について、粒子の温度勾配中の温度事象をモニターした。DSC研究を実施して、種々の群の製剤に使用したマトリックスの温度特性を洞察した。
表IおよびIIIの粒子製剤を、試験の第二段階で物理的変化に耐える能力について評価した。粉末製剤を、温度ストレス試験後の微粒子画分に関して評価した。10ミリグラムの各粉末製剤を2号サイズHPMCカプセルに入れた。次いで、これらの充填カプセルを乾燥バッグに配置し、低湿度、約15%相対湿度のオーブンに45℃または55℃にて6時間配置した。6時間の加熱ストレスの後、このカプセルを約30%相対湿度の湿度制御室に持っていき、粒子を約1時間半にわたり周囲温度に冷却させた。次いで、微粒子画分を、実施例7(c)に記載のように2ステージACIを使用して測定した。微粒子画分を、各温度(すなわち、45℃または55℃)で保持した各製剤についておよび室温で保持した粒子についても3回測定した。
粒子をまた、気道過反応性(hyperresponsiveness)のモルモットモデルにおける気管支誘発(bronchoprovocative)メタコリンチャレンジ後の気管支収縮からの保護について第二段階で試験した。臭化イプラトロピウムおよびキシナホ酸サルメテロールを含有し、実施例6のように生成した幾つかの粉末を、インビボ評価のために選択した。実施例6粉末により提供される気管支保護を、対照である空気力学的に軽いプラセボと比較し、微粉乳糖とブレンドしたSerevent(登録商標)Dry Powderとも比較した。気管支保護を処置12時間後の単一時点で評価した。
粒子製剤を、試験の第三段階で固体状態安定性について評価した。75%相対湿度への曝露24時間前および後の製剤のX線回折(XRD)を実施した。XRDをN2パージ下1℃/分で2〜50℃の範囲内で実施した。試験したほとんどの製剤は、曝露後の結晶化度にほとんどまたは全く変化を示さなかった。しかしながら、製剤Eは、上昇した湿度への長期曝露後の散乱結果において小さなパーセント変化を示し、これはアモルファス薬物部分の再結晶化によるようであった。
段階3試験において、実施例6のように生成した粒子製剤を、気道過反応性のモルモットモデルにおける気管支保護の複数時点研究に供した。単一時点12時間研究(実施例10)で試験した幾つかの粒子製剤を、2時間以上(out to and beyond)動物応答を調べる、より大規模な複数点研究における評価のために選択した。粉末調製および投与の方法は、実施例10と同様であった。試験動物を処置のために無作為に選択し、8つの試験群に分割した。乾燥粉末製剤での処置後の肺機能試験を、複数時点(処置後2、12、16、20、24、48および72時間を含む)で行った。
Claims (58)
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の肺送達のための非ポリマー粒子であって、該粒子が
(a)治療剤、予防剤または診断剤;
(b)約1〜46重量パーセントの量で該粒子内に存在するリン脂質またはリン脂質の組み合わせ;および
(c)少なくとも46重量パーセントの量で該粒子内に存在するロイシン
を含有してなり、
約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する、粒子。 - 約0.3g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約0.2g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約0.1g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約0.05g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約5〜30ミクロンの平均幾何学的直径を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約9〜30ミクロンの平均幾何学的直径を有する、請求項6記載の粒子。
- 約1〜5ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約1〜3ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有する、請求項8記載の粒子。
- 約3〜5ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有する、請求項8記載の粒子。
- 多糖類、糖類、アミノ酸、タンパク質、脂質、界面活性剤、コレステロール、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、緩衝塩およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される化合物をさらに含んでなる、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約5〜10重量パーセントの治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を含んでなる、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約8重量パーセントの治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を含んでなる、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がアルブテロールまたはその塩である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がサルメテロールまたはその塩である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がエストロンまたはその塩である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がタンパク質またはペプチドである、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤が親水性である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤が疎水性である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約46重量パーセントのリン脂質またはリン脂質の組み合わせを含んでなる、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DPPC);1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DSPC);1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-[ホスホ-rac-(1-グリセロール)](DSPG);および1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロ-3-[ホスホ-rac-(1-グリセロール)](DPPG)からなる群より選択されるリン脂質を含んでなる、請求項1記載の粒子。
- リン脂質が1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DPPC)である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 約1時間より長い、粒子からの治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の放出の半減期を有する、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、診断剤または予防剤の徐放用である、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療剤、診断剤または予防剤の持続的効果を生じる、請求項1記載の粒子。
- 治療、予防または診断の必要な患者に、請求項1記載の粒子の有効量を肺系を介して送達することを含む方法。
- (a)治療剤、予防剤または診断剤;
(b)約1〜46重量パーセントの量で粒子内に存在するリン脂質またはリン脂質の組み合わせ;および
(c)少なくとも約46重量パーセントのロイシン;
を含み、約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する、非ポリマー粒子の有効量を治療、予防または診断の必要な患者の気道に投与すること
を含む、治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の肺送達のための方法。 - 粒子が約0.3g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約0.2g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項28記載の方法。
- 粒子が約0.1g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項29記載の方法。
- 粒子が約0.05g/cm3以下のタップ密度を有する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 粒子が約5〜30ミクロンの平均幾何学的直径を有する、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約9〜30ミクロンの平均幾何学的直径を有する、請求項30記載の方法。
- 粒子が約1〜5ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有する、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約1〜3ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有する、請求項34記載の方法。
- 粒子が約3〜5ミクロンの空気力学的直径を有する、請求項34記載の方法。
- 粒子が多糖類、糖類、アミノ酸、タンパク質、脂質、界面活性剤、コレステロール、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、緩衝塩およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群より選択される化合物をさらに含む、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約5〜10重量パーセントの治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を含む、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約8重量パーセントの治療剤、予防剤または診断剤を含む、請求項38記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がアルブテロールまたはその塩である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がサルメテロールまたはその塩である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がエストロンまたはその塩である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤がタンパク質またはペプチドである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤が親水性である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 治療剤、予防剤または診断剤が疎水性である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約46重量パーセントのリン脂質またはリン脂質の組み合わせを含む、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DPPC);1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DSPC);1,2-ジステアロイル-sn-グリセロ-3-[ホスホ-rac-(1-グリセロール)](DSPG);および1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロ-3-[ホスホ-rac-(1-グリセロール)](DPPG)からなる群より選択されるリン脂質を含む、請求項27記載の方法。
- リン脂質が1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DPPC)である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が約1時間より長い、該粒子からの治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の放出の半減期を有する、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が治療剤、診断剤または予防剤の徐放用である、請求項27記載の方法。
- 粒子が治療剤、診断剤または予防剤の持続的効果を生じる、請求項27記載の方法。
- 送達が主に深肺に対してである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 送達が主に中気道に対してである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 送達が主に小気道に対してである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 送達が主に上気道に対してである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 投与が乾燥粉末吸入器を介してである、請求項27記載の方法。
- 約8重量パーセントの硫酸アルブテロール;約46重量パーセントの1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DPPC);および約46重量パーセントのロイシン;を含んでなり、約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する、治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の肺送達のための非ポリマー粒子。
- 約8重量パーセントの硫酸アルブテロール;約46重量パーセントの1,2-ジパルミトイル-sn-グリセロール-3-ホスホコリン(DPPC);および約46重量パーセントのロイシン;を含み、約0.4g/cm3未満のタップ密度を有する、非ポリマー粒子の有効量を治療、予防または診断の必要な患者の気道に投与すること
を含む、治療剤、予防剤または診断剤の肺送達のための方法。
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CA (1) | CA2478974C (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2718455T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003079885A2 (ja) |
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JP2010235675A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-21 | Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp | 導電性樹脂組成物及び導電性樹脂成形品 |
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JP2017533212A (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-11-09 | サイヴィタス セラピューティックス,インコーポレイテッド | 肺送達用ラパマイシン粉末 |
JP2018514564A (ja) * | 2015-05-01 | 2018-06-07 | サイヴィタス セラピューティックス,インコーポレイテッド | 肺送達用のゾルミトリプタン粉末 |
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-
2003
- 2003-03-19 CA CA2478974A patent/CA2478974C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-19 WO PCT/US2003/008537 patent/WO2003079885A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-03-19 JP JP2003577722A patent/JP2005520843A/ja active Pending
- 2003-03-19 ES ES03723779T patent/ES2718455T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-19 EP EP03723779.9A patent/EP1487411B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-19 AU AU2003230689A patent/AU2003230689B2/en not_active Expired
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JP2009512663A (ja) * | 2005-10-21 | 2009-03-26 | エラテック エス.アール.エル. | 乾燥粉末、またはそれから得られた溶液もしくは懸濁液の形態にある吸入用医薬組成物およびその製造方法 |
US9138407B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2015-09-22 | Eratech S.R.L. | Inhalatory pharmaceutical compositions in form of dry powders, solutions or suspensions obtained from the same and process for their preparation |
JP2012504580A (ja) * | 2008-10-02 | 2012-02-23 | ラボラトリオス リコンサ,エス.エー. | チオトロピウム含有吸入可能粒子 |
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JP2016512224A (ja) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-04-25 | ノバルティス アーゲー | スプレーブレンディングによるスプレー乾燥製剤の脱アモルファス化 |
JP2017533212A (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2017-11-09 | サイヴィタス セラピューティックス,インコーポレイテッド | 肺送達用ラパマイシン粉末 |
JP2021054870A (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2021-04-08 | サイヴィタス セラピューティックス,インコーポレイテッド | 肺送達用ラパマイシン粉末 |
JP7277490B2 (ja) | 2014-11-07 | 2023-05-19 | サイヴィタス セラピューティックス,インコーポレイテッド | 肺送達用ラパマイシン粉末 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2478974C (en) | 2014-12-16 |
WO2003079885A3 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
ES2718455T3 (es) | 2019-07-02 |
WO2003079885A2 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
EP1487411B1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
AU2003230689A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
AU2003230689B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
EP1487411A4 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
CA2478974A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
EP1487411A2 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
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