JP2005504175A - High-strength duplex / triplex lightweight structural steel and its use - Google Patents

High-strength duplex / triplex lightweight structural steel and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2005504175A
JP2005504175A JP2003532715A JP2003532715A JP2005504175A JP 2005504175 A JP2005504175 A JP 2005504175A JP 2003532715 A JP2003532715 A JP 2003532715A JP 2003532715 A JP2003532715 A JP 2003532715A JP 2005504175 A JP2005504175 A JP 2005504175A
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Prior art keywords
structural steel
lightweight structural
strength
strength lightweight
steel
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Inventor
コンラド・アイッパー
ゲオルク・フロムマイヤー
ヴォルフガング・フーセネッガー
アルント・ゲーリック
ヴォルフガング・クライネカテーファー
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Daimler AG
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Priority claimed from DE10231125A external-priority patent/DE10231125A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a steel for lightweight construction, consisting of a multiphase structure. In the case of a duplex steel, it consists of mixed ferrite (alpha) and austenite (gamma) crystals. In the case of a triplex steel, it comprises, additioally to said two phases, martensitic (epsilon) and/or (kappa) phases. The volumetric weight of the inventive steel is low as a result of the high proportion of light alloys A1, Si Mn, Mg, Ga and Be. The inventive alloys have a volumetric weight of less than 7b/cm<SUP>3</SUP>.

Description

【技術分野】
【０００１】
本発明は、優れた深絞り性を有する高強度デュプレックス（二相）又はトリプレックス（三相）軽量構造用鋼及びその使用法に関する。
【背景技術】
【０００２】
様々な特性を有する高強度鋼が自動車産業、建設業用に、並びに、航空及び航空宇宙用途に開発され、既に製造に使用されている。本明細書では、特に、自動車産業で使用するため、新規な材料の使用により車両の重量を低減させることがますます望まれている。本明細書の目的は、より軽量の鋼合金を製造することであり、該合金は、その他、従来の好ましい特性を保持する又は更に改善する。
【０００３】
特許文献１は、耐酸化性及び耐食性構成要素として、Ａｌを１３〜１６重量％、幾つかの場合には、Ｃｒ、Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｓｉ、Ｂ、Ｔｉなどの他の合金元素を高濃度含有する鋼を開示している。この種の合金は、７００℃より高温で、高い耐酸化性及び耐食性を特徴とし、高温で使用され得るが、機械的負荷が低い酸化及び腐食条件にしかさらされない構成要素に使用されるのが好ましい。
【０００４】
更に、例えば、特許文献２は、アルミニウム、クロミウム、ニッケルやマンガンの含有量が更に高く、その結果、鉄よりも密度が低い高強度軽量構造用鋼を開示している。期待されるように、この鋼合金は、腐食及び応力腐食割れに対する良好な耐性、並びに高強度を特徴とする。この種の鋼は、１０重量％までのアルミニウム含有量を有する。
【０００５】
例えば、オーステナイト系、又はオーステナイト／フェライト系軽量構造用鋼は、Ｍｎを７〜２７重量％、Ａｌを１〜１０重量％、Ｃｒを１０重量％未満、Ｎｉを１０重量％未満、Ｓｉを０．７〜４重量％よりも多く、Ｃｕを３重量％未満、Ｃを０．５重量％未満、並びに、鉄及び溶融に関連する残りの不純物、を含む組成物を有する。他の合金成分は、少量の窒素、ニオブ、チタン、バナジウム、及びリンを含んでもよい。
【０００６】
更に、特許文献３は、航空機構成要素、エンジン、及び弾丸用などの軽量構造用鋼の使用法を開示しており、この鋼は、Ａｌを４〜２０％、Ｍｎを１８〜４０％、Ｃを０．１５〜２％含む、高濃度の軽量合金成分を含有する。また、必要に応じて、これらにＳｉを０〜３％、Ｎｂを０〜４％加える場合がある。
【０００７】
特許文献４から冷間加工可能なオーステナイト系軽量構造用鋼、特に、良好な深絞り成形性を有するオーステナイト系軽量構造用鋼を使用することも知られており、それは、１１００ＭＰａまでの引張り強さ、並びに、ＴＲＩＰ特性及び／又はＴＷＩＰ特性を有する。Ｓｉを１〜６％、Ａｌを１〜８％（但し、（Ａｌ＋Ｓｉ）＜１２％）、Ｍｎを１０〜３０％、普通鋼に伴う元素を含有する本質的な鉄を残りに含む組成物では、それは補強用薄板金車体部品の材料として使用される。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
独国特許第４３ ０３ ３１６号明細書
【特許文献２】
独国特許第１９９ ００ １９９号明細書
【特許文献３】
独国特許第１２ ６２ ６１３ Ｂ１号明細書
【特許文献４】
独国特許第１９７ ２７ ７５９号明細書
【発明の開示】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
【０００９】
前述の既知の軽量構造用鋼は、前述の技術分野で使用する重要で有利な特性を有するが、それにも関わらず、本質的な欠点がある。既知の鋼では、例えば、自動車産業において、更なる重量削減は、薄板金の厚さを更に減少することによって又は追加の設計方法を使用することによってのみ達成され得る。容易に変形できる、即ち、深絞り成形及び引張成形することができ、冷間圧延可能で、再結晶焼鈍を経ており、特に、自動車工学技術に使用するのに必要とされるように、アルミニウム含量が比較的高い深絞り加工用鋼は、これらの固有密度が依然として高すぎるため、この形態の従来技術からは知られていない。
【００１０】
本発明は、良好な冷間加工性、特に、良好な深絞り性及び引張成形性、並びにこれまで開示されてきた鋼の固有密度より低い密度を有する、高強度軽量構造用鋼を提供するという目的に基づいている。
【発明を実施するための最良の形態】
【００１１】
本発明は、請求項１の主題によって表される。他の請求項は、本発明の有利な発展形態及び改良形態を記載する。
【００１２】
本発明による解決手段は、以下の組成（重量％の含有率）、即ち、
Ｍｎ、１８〜３５％、
Ａｌ、８〜１２％、
Ｓｉ、６％まで、但しＡｌ＋Ｓｉ＞１２％、
Ｃ、０．５〜２％、
Ｂ、最大０．０５％、
Ｔｉ、０〜３％、
Ｍｇ、Ｇａ、Ｂｅの元素のうちの少なくとも１つをそれぞれ３％までの量、及び
残りに普通鋼に伴う元素を含む本質的な鉄、
を有する高強度α／γデュプレックス（二相）又はα／γ／ε（κ）トリプレックス（三相）の軽量構造用鋼に関する。
【００１３】
本明細書では、３％より多くの軽元素Ｓｉを含有する本発明の改良形態が、特に好ましい。
【００１４】
本発明の改良形態によれば、Ｍｇ、Ｇａ、及びＢｅの元素が存在する場合、その含量は、それぞれ０．３％より大きいことが非常に好ましい。
【００１５】
本発明による合金の改良形態によれば、元素Ｎ、Ｎｂ、Ｖ、及び必要に応じてＴｉが、以下の含量で使用されることが好ましい。
Ｔｉ、０．０３〜２％
Ｎ、０．３％未満
Ｎｂ、０．５％未満
Ｖ、０．５％未満。
【００１６】
本発明による軽量構造用鋼は、多相（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｈａｓｅ）微細構造から形成され、二相（デュプレックス）鋼の場合は、α−フェライトとγ−オーステナイト固溶体から形成される。三相（トリプレックス）鋼の場合は、前述の最初の２相に加えてマルテンサイト系ε−相及び／又はκ−相がある。本発明による鋼の相対密度は、軽量合金元素Ａｌ、Ｓｉ、Ｃ、及びＭｎ、並びにＭｇ、Ｇａ、Ｂｅ、及び任意選択的なＴｉのうちの少なくとも１つの元素の高含有率によって、低い値まで低下する。これらの合金は共に、７ｇ／ｃｍ３未満の密度を達成し、これは、７．３〜７．５ｇ／ｃｍ３の密度を有する通常の鋼と比較して、１５％まで顕著に低下している。本発明による解決手段は、また、アルミニウムを８％まで含有する文献から既知の軽量構造用鋼と比較して密度を更に低下させる。
【００１７】
元素Ｍｇが本発明による軽量構造用鋼の合金中に存在する場合、この元素Ｍｇは、Ｍｇの相対密度が非常に低いため、鋼の密度を更に低下させる。Ｂｅが合金中に存在する場合、同様の状態がＢｅにも当てはまり、この場合、強度も増大するが、延性は維持される。元素Ｔｉが合金中に存在する場合、この元素Ｔｉは、細粒化、及び固溶体硬化により、強度を更に増大させる。元素Ｇａが合金中に存在する場合、この元素Ｇａも、強度及び硬度の増大に役立つ。更に、Ｇａの含量により、同様の温度条件で合金がより流動しやすくなるため、元素Ｇａは合金の鋳造性を改善する。
【００１８】
本発明によるデュプレックス（二相）又はトリプレックス（三相）軽量構造用鋼は、冷間圧延され再結晶された状態において、α−フェライト、γ−オーステナイト、及びε−マルテンサイト結晶粒の等軸、即ち、等方性のモルフォロジー（形態）を有する、細粒化された２相又は３相微細構造を特徴とする。
【００１９】
デュプレックス（二相）／トリプレックス（三相）の鋼の硬化指数は、ｎ＝０．２３〜０．２４、及び平均のｒ値（平面異方性）は、ｒ＝（ｒ０°＋ｒ９０°＋２ｒ４５°）／４≒１、即ち、この軽量構造用鋼は、深絞り成形及び引張成形中の平面形状変化に関して、準等方性の挙動をとる（Δｒ≒０）。
【００２０】
例えば、衝撃荷重の結果として又は激突した場合に起こるように、高い歪速度で負荷を受ける時、微細粒二相又は三相微細構造により、この鋼のエネルギー吸収−エネルギーの散逸−が増大する。
【００２１】
軽量構造用鋼は、４００Ｍｐａを超える流れ応力（流動応力）を特徴とする。共存するα／γ相又はα／γ／ε（κ）相の転位間の広範囲な相互作用から生じる高い歪硬化の結果、１０００ＭＰａまでの熱間帯鋼（ホットストリップ）の引張り強さ、４０％までの均一な伸び、及び５０％までの最大伸びを生じる。再結晶焼鈍を経た冷間帯鋼（コールドストリップ）の強度は９００ＭＰａの範囲であり、最大伸びは７０％である。
【００２２】
通常の鋼と比較して顕著に低下した密度は、特に有利である。本発明による軽量構造用鋼はまた、従来技術で既知のアルミニウム成分を含む軽量構造用鋼と比較して、これまでに知られていない程、密度が低下する。
【００２３】
本発明による解決手段の他の利点は、高強度に関わらず、材料が非常に良好な加工性を有することである。これらの特性は、これまで、高合金特殊鋼でしか達成されなかった。加工中のその鋳造性は、既に述べたように、Ｇａが存在する場合には更にまだ改善されることが、特に強調されなければならない。
【００２４】
前述の特性のスペクトル、即ち、高い構成要素強度、幾何学的形状に関する設計の自由度が高くなること、及び材料の密度の低下は、軽量の材料及び形状構造体の使用により構成要素の重量を低下させるという目的を達成する。
【００２５】
従って、本発明によるα／γデュプレックス（二相）、又はα／γ／ε（κ）トリプレックス（三相）の軽量構造用鋼により、これまでに知られていない有利な特性の組合せにおいて更に改善されることになる。
【００２６】
鉄の相対密度より低い相対密度を有する合金成分の割合を高くすること、及びこれまでに開示されている軽量構造用鋼により、従来の製造方法を維持した状態で、自動車産業に有利な重量の減少が達成される。更に、軽量構造用鋼は、優れた延性、高強度、及び非常に高い硬化速度を有する。高い荷重速度の特性は、事故における激突の際、特に強調されなければならないが、これは、この鋼合金が自動車の構造に特に好適であることを意味するからである。更に、腐食、特に応力腐食割れに対する耐性が高く、そのため、この鋼合金は、例えば、建設業などの他の技術分野で使用するのにも好適である。
【００２７】
本発明による軽量構造用鋼は、コンクリート構造体で、即ち、特にプレストレストコンクリート用鋼、及び強化鉄（強化鋼）、又はガードレール、及び矢板壁として使用するのに極めて好適である。更に、化学、電気化学、有機、非金属、又は金属の塗膜によって耐食性を改善することができる。
【００２８】
化学処理、電気化学処理、又は熱処理によって、鋼合金を硬化することも可能である。
【００２９】
表面にアルミニウムを添加（濃化、濃縮）及び／又は塗工（コーティング）することによって保護被覆層を得ることができる。
【００３０】
深絞り加工成形及び引張成形に好適なアルミニウム含有鋼は、その製造プロセスにおいて、溶融され、連続鋳造プロセスを使用して鋳造され、再結晶温度より高温の温度範囲で圧延されるか、又は、圧延及び鋳造により、好ましくは薄帯鋼の鋳造により、精密帯鋼として完全に鋳造される。
【００３１】
鋼は、熱間圧延帯鋼（ホットストリップ）として更に直接加工できるか、又は熱間圧延後に冷間圧延された状態で更に加工できる。
【００３２】
自動車部門における上述の可能な使用法に加えて、本発明による軽量構造用鋼は、また、ホワイトボデー構成要素／ボデーフレーム、一体支持体（Iｎｔｅｇｒａｌｔｒａｅｇｅｒ）、シャーシ構造体、及びスペースフレーム用の構成要素の製造に特に好適である。自動車の他の軽量構成要素には、ステアリング、車軸、及び車軸構成要素、付属部品、座席用レール、固定部品、及び乗員保護装置、車輪懸架装置、動力伝達系、及び燃料タンクなどが挙げられる。
【００３３】
出願の範囲はまた、鉄道車両、及び船艇にも及び、航空及び航空宇宙部門、好ましくは薄い壁の強度に関する建設構成要素にも及ぶ。
【００３４】
建設業、特に建築物における上述の使用法に加えて、この材料は、運搬装置、コンベヤーベルト、及び冶金用途にも好適である。【Technical field】
[0001]
The present invention relates to a high-strength duplex (two-phase) or triplex (three-phase) lightweight structural steel having excellent deep drawability and uses thereof.
[Background]
[0002]
High-strength steels with various properties have been developed for the automotive industry, construction industry, as well as aerospace and aerospace applications and are already in production. It is increasingly desired here to reduce the weight of a vehicle by using new materials, especially for use in the automotive industry. The purpose of this specification is to produce a lighter steel alloy, which otherwise retains or even improves conventional favorable properties.
[0003]
Patent Document 1 contains 13 to 16% by weight of Al as an oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance component, and in some cases, contains a high concentration of other alloy elements such as Cr, Nb, Ta, Si, B, and Ti. Steel to be disclosed. This type of alloy is characterized by high oxidation and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 700 ° C. and can be used at high temperatures, but it is used for components where mechanical loads are only exposed to low oxidation and corrosion conditions. preferable.
[0004]
Further, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses a high-strength lightweight structural steel having a higher content of aluminum, chromium, nickel, and manganese, and as a result, a density lower than that of iron. As expected, this steel alloy is characterized by good resistance to corrosion and stress corrosion cracking as well as high strength. This type of steel has an aluminum content of up to 10% by weight.
[0005]
For example, an austenitic or austenitic / ferrite lightweight structural steel has a Mn content of 7 to 27 wt%, an Al content of 1 to 10 wt%, a Cr content of less than 10 wt%, a Ni content of less than 10 wt%, and a Si content of 0.0. It has a composition comprising more than 7-4% by weight, less than 3% by weight of Cu, less than 0.5% by weight of C, and the remaining impurities related to iron and melting. Other alloy components may include small amounts of nitrogen, niobium, titanium, vanadium, and phosphorus.
[0006]
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses the use of lightweight structural steels such as for aircraft components, engines, and bullets, which steel is 4-20% Al, 18-40% Mn, C Containing 0.15 to 2% of a high concentration light-weight alloy component. Further, if necessary, 0 to 3% of Si and 0 to 4% of Nb may be added thereto.
[0007]
It is also known from patent document 4 that austenitic lightweight structural steels that can be cold worked, in particular austenitic lightweight structural steels with good deep-drawability, which have a tensile strength up to 1100 MPa. And have TRIP characteristics and / or TWIP characteristics. In the composition containing 1 to 6% of Si, 1 to 8% of Al (however, (Al + Si) <12%), 10 to 30% of Mn, and essential iron containing elements associated with ordinary steel in the balance It is used as a material for reinforcing sheet metal car body parts.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
German Patent No. 43 03 316 [Patent Document 2]
German Patent No. 199 00 199 [Patent Document 3]
German Patent No. 12 62 613 B1 [Patent Document 4]
German Patent No. 197 27 759 [Disclosure of the Invention]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
[0009]
Although the aforementioned known lightweight structural steels have important and advantageous properties for use in the aforementioned technical field, nonetheless, there are substantial drawbacks. With known steels, for example in the automotive industry, further weight reduction can only be achieved by further reducing the thickness of the sheet metal or by using additional design methods. Can be easily deformed, i.e. deep-drawn and stretch-formed, cold-rollable, undergoes recrystallization annealing and, in particular, aluminum content as required for use in automotive engineering However, deep drawing steels that are relatively high are not known from this form of prior art because their intrinsic density is still too high.
[0010]
The present invention provides a high-strength lightweight structural steel having good cold workability, in particular, good deep drawability and tensile formability, and a density lower than the intrinsic density of steels disclosed so far. Based on purpose.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0011]
The invention is represented by the subject matter of claim 1. The other claims describe advantageous developments and improvements of the invention.
[0012]
The solution according to the invention has the following composition (weight% content):
Mn, 18-35%,
Al, 8-12%,
Si, up to 6%, but Al + Si> 12%,
C, 0.5-2%,
B, up to 0.05%
Ti, 0 to 3%,
An essential iron containing at least one of the elements Mg, Ga, Be in an amount of up to 3% each, and the remainder of the elements associated with ordinary steel,
It relates to a lightweight structural steel having high strength α / γ duplex (two phases) or α / γ / ε (κ) triplex (three phases).
[0013]
Particularly preferred herein is an improved form of the invention containing more than 3% light element Si.
[0014]
According to an improvement of the invention, it is highly preferred that when Mg, Ga and Be elements are present, their contents are each greater than 0.3%.
[0015]
According to an improved form of the alloy according to the invention, the elements N, Nb, V and optionally Ti are preferably used in the following content.
Ti, 0.03 to 2%
N, less than 0.3% Nb, less than 0.5% V, less than 0.5%.
[0016]
The lightweight structural steel according to the invention is formed from a multiphase microstructure, and in the case of a duplex steel is formed from α-ferrite and γ-austenite solid solution. In the case of three-phase (triplex) steel, there is a martensitic ε-phase and / or κ-phase in addition to the first two phases described above. The relative density of the steel according to the invention is reduced to a low value due to the high content of the light-weight alloy elements Al, Si, C and Mn and at least one of Mg, Ga, Be and optionally Ti. descend. Both of these alloys achieved a density of less than 7 g / cm 3 , which was significantly reduced to 15% compared to ordinary steel having a density of 7.3 to 7.5 g / cm 3. Yes. The solution according to the invention also further reduces the density compared to the known lightweight structural steel from the literature containing up to 8% aluminum.
[0017]
When the element Mg is present in the lightweight structural steel alloy according to the invention, this element Mg further reduces the density of the steel because the relative density of Mg is very low. When Be is present in the alloy, a similar situation applies to Be, in which case the strength is increased but the ductility is maintained. When the element Ti is present in the alloy, the element Ti further increases the strength by refining and solid solution hardening. When the element Ga is present in the alloy, this element Ga also helps increase the strength and hardness. Furthermore, the Ga content improves the castability of the alloy because the Ga content makes it easier for the alloy to flow under similar temperature conditions.
[0018]
Duplex (two-phase) or triplex (three-phase) lightweight structural steels according to the present invention are equiaxed with α-ferrite, γ-austenite and ε-martensite grains in the cold-rolled and recrystallized state. That is, it is characterized by a finely divided two-phase or three-phase microstructure having an isotropic morphology.
[0019]
The hardening index of duplex (two phase) / triple (three phase) steel is n = 0.23 to 0.24, and the average r value (plane anisotropy) is r = (r0 ° + r90 ° + 2r45). °) / 4≈1, that is, this lightweight structural steel behaves quasi-isotropically with respect to planar shape changes during deep drawing and tensile forming (Δr≈0).
[0020]
For example, when subjected to high strain rates, as occurs as a result of impact loading or in the case of a crash, the fine-grained two-phase or three-phase microstructure increases the energy absorption-energy dissipation of this steel.
[0021]
Light structural steel is characterized by a flow stress (flow stress) in excess of 400 Mpa. High strain hardening resulting from extensive interaction between coexisting α / γ or α / γ / ε (κ) phase dislocations, resulting in a tensile strength of hot strip up to 1000 MPa, 40% Produces a uniform elongation of up to 50% and a maximum elongation of up to 50%. The strength of the cold zone steel (cold strip) that has undergone recrystallization annealing is in the range of 900 MPa, and the maximum elongation is 70%.
[0022]
A significantly reduced density compared to normal steel is particularly advantageous. The lightweight structural steel according to the invention also has a density that is less known to date compared to lightweight structural steels containing an aluminum component known in the prior art.
[0023]
Another advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the material has a very good processability, regardless of its high strength. These properties have heretofore been achieved only with high alloy special steels. It must be particularly emphasized that its castability during processing, as already mentioned, is still improved when Ga is present.
[0024]
The spectrum of properties described above, i.e., high component strength, increased design freedom with respect to geometric shape, and reduced material density, reduce the weight of the component through the use of lightweight materials and shape structures. Achieve the goal of lowering.
[0025]
Thus, the α / γ duplex (dual phase) or α / γ / ε (κ) triplex (three phase) lightweight structural steel according to the present invention further enhances the combination of advantageous properties previously unknown. It will be improved.
[0026]
By increasing the proportion of alloy components having a relative density lower than the relative density of iron, and by the light weight structural steels disclosed so far, while maintaining the conventional manufacturing method, the weight is advantageous for the automobile industry. Reduction is achieved. In addition, lightweight structural steel has excellent ductility, high strength, and a very high cure rate. The characteristics of high load speeds must be particularly emphasized in the event of a crash in an accident, since this means that this steel alloy is particularly suitable for the construction of automobiles. Furthermore, it is highly resistant to corrosion, in particular stress corrosion cracking, so that this steel alloy is also suitable for use in other technical fields, for example in the construction industry.
[0027]
The lightweight structural steel according to the invention is very suitable for use in concrete structures, i.e. in particular as prestressed concrete steel and reinforced iron (reinforced steel) or guardrails and sheet pile walls. Furthermore, corrosion resistance can be improved by chemical, electrochemical, organic, non-metallic, or metallic coatings.
[0028]
It is also possible to harden the steel alloy by chemical treatment, electrochemical treatment or heat treatment.
[0029]
A protective coating layer can be obtained by adding aluminum to the surface (concentration, concentration) and / or coating (coating).
[0030]
Aluminum-containing steels suitable for deep drawing and tensile forming are melted in their manufacturing process, cast using a continuous casting process and rolled in a temperature range above the recrystallization temperature, or rolled. And by casting, preferably by casting of strip steel, it is completely cast as precision strip steel.
[0031]
The steel can be further processed directly as hot-rolled strip (hot strip) or can be further processed in the cold-rolled state after hot rolling.
[0032]
In addition to the possible uses mentioned above in the automotive sector, the lightweight structural steel according to the invention also provides components for white body components / body frames, integral supports, chassis structures and space frames. It is particularly suitable for the production of Other lightweight components of the automobile include steering, axle and axle components, accessories, seat rails, fixed components, and occupant protection devices, wheel suspensions, power transmission systems, and fuel tanks.
[0033]
The scope of the application also extends to railway vehicles and ships and to construction components relating to the aviation and aerospace sector, preferably thin wall strength.
[0034]
In addition to the use described above in the construction industry, in particular in buildings, this material is also suitable for conveying devices, conveyor belts and metallurgical applications.

Claims (10)

以下の組成（重量％の含量）、即ち、
Ｍｎが、１８〜３５％、
Ａｌが、８〜１２％、
Ｓｉが、６％まで、但しＡｌ＋Ｓｉ＞１２％、
Ｃが、０．５〜２％、
Ｂが、最大で０．０５％、
Ｔｉが、０〜３％、
Ｍｇ、Ｇａ、Ｂｅの元素のうちの少なくとも１つをそれぞれ３％までの量、及び
標準鋼に伴う元素を含む主要な鉄からなる残りの部分、
であることを特徴とする、α／γデュプレックス、又はα／γ／ε（κ）トリプレックスの高強度軽量構造用鋼。The following composition (weight% content):
Mn is 18 to 35%,
Al is 8-12%,
Si up to 6%, but Al + Si> 12%,
C is 0.5-2%,
B is 0.05% at maximum,
Ti is 0 to 3%,
An amount of up to 3% each of at least one of the elements Mg, Ga, Be, and the remainder of the main iron containing elements associated with standard steel,
An α / γ duplex or α / γ / ε (κ) triplex high-strength lightweight structural steel, characterized in that 前記Ｓｉは、Ｓｉ＞３％の含量を特徴とする、請求項１に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼。The high-strength lightweight structural steel according to claim 1, wherein the Si has a content of Si> 3%. ０．３％より多くの量の前記Ｍｇ及び／又は前記Ｇａ及び／又は前記Ｂｅを特徴とする、請求項１あるいは２に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼。3. A high-strength light-weight structural steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by an amount of Mg and / or Ga and / or Be greater than 0.3%. ０．０３〜２％の前記Ｔｉ含量を特徴とする、請求項１、２あるいは３に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼。The high-strength lightweight structural steel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized by a Ti content of 0.03 to 2%. 前記高強度軽量構造用鋼は、さらに他の合金元素、即ち、
Ｎが、最大０．３％まで、
Ｎｂが、最大０．５％まで、及び
Ｖが、最大０．５％まで、
を含むことを特徴とする、請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼。The high-strength lightweight structural steel is further alloyed elements, that is,
N up to 0.3%
Nb up to 0.5% and V up to 0.5%
The high-strength lightweight structural steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising: 前記高強度軽量構造用鋼は、冷間圧延及び再結晶化された状態で等軸モルフォロジーを有する微細粒化された二相のα／γデュプレックス微細構造、又は三相のα／γ／ε（κ）トリプレックス微細構造であることを特徴とする、請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼。The high-strength lightweight structural steel is a fine-grained two-phase α / γ duplex microstructure having an equiaxed morphology in the cold-rolled and recrystallized state, or a three-phase α / γ / ε ( The high-strength lightweight structural steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is a κ) triplex microstructure. 前記高強度軽量構造用鋼は、ｒ≒１の平面等方性、即ち、薄板金の面で、強度及び伸びに関して概ね等方性の機械的特性を有する鋼であることを特徴とする、請求項１〜６のいずれか１項に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼。The high-strength lightweight structural steel is a steel having plane isotropy of r≈1, that is, a steel sheet having mechanical properties that are generally isotropic in terms of strength and elongation on the surface of a sheet metal. Item 7. The high-strength lightweight structural steel according to any one of Items 1 to 6. 前記高強度軽量構造用鋼の構成要素は、鋳造プロセスにより製造される、請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の高強度軽量構造用鋼の製造方法。The manufacturing method of the high strength lightweight structural steel of any one of Claims 1-7 with which the component of the said high strength lightweight structural steel is manufactured by a casting process. 前記高強度軽量構造用鋼は、車両のホワイトボデー又はボデーフレームの構成要素、一体支持体、シャーシ構造体、又はスペースフレーム用の材料として使用される、請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の軽量構造用鋼の使用方法。The high-strength lightweight structural steel is used as a material for a vehicle white body or body frame component, an integral support, a chassis structure, or a space frame. Use of the described lightweight structural steel. 前記高強度軽量構造用鋼は、建築物、運搬装置、冶金用途、並びにガードレール、及び矢板壁用の材料として使用される、請求項１〜７のいずれか１項に記載の軽量構造用鋼の使用方法。The lightweight structural steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the high-strength lightweight structural steel is used as a material for buildings, conveying devices, metallurgical applications, guardrails, and sheet pile walls. how to use.
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