JP2005341645A - Capacity coordinating apparatus of battery pack - Google Patents

Capacity coordinating apparatus of battery pack Download PDF

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JP2005341645A
JP2005341645A JP2004153344A JP2004153344A JP2005341645A JP 2005341645 A JP2005341645 A JP 2005341645A JP 2004153344 A JP2004153344 A JP 2004153344A JP 2004153344 A JP2004153344 A JP 2004153344A JP 2005341645 A JP2005341645 A JP 2005341645A
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voltage
capacity adjustment
cell
assembled battery
reference voltage
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JP4218587B2 (en
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Takeshi Morita
剛 森田
Kenichi Sakai
健一 酒井
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To coordinate a capacity between cells without providing a voltage detecting circuit in each cell. <P>SOLUTION: A battery controller 3 calculates an average voltage of the cells according to the total voltage of a battery pack 1 detected by a voltage sensor 2, and compares the calculated average voltage Vave with a predetermined threshold voltage Vset. If Vave>Vset, a switch 12 is turned on. If Vave≤Vset, the switch 12 is turned off. If the average voltage of the cells is high, a capacity coordinating reference voltage is set to a high value. If the average voltage is low, the capacity coordinating reference voltage is set to a low value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、複数のセルから構成される組電池の容量を調整する装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an apparatus for adjusting the capacity of a battery pack composed of a plurality of cells.

組電池を構成する各セルの電圧を検出し、全セル電圧のうち、最も電圧値が低いセルを基準として、容量調整を行う技術が知られている（特許文献１参照）。   A technique is known in which the voltage of each cell constituting an assembled battery is detected and the capacity is adjusted based on the cell having the lowest voltage value among all the cell voltages (see Patent Document 1).

特開２００３−６１５２７号公報JP 2003-61527 A

しかしながら、従来の容量調整装置では、全セルの電圧を検出するために、各セルごとに電圧検出回路を備える必要があるという問題があった。   However, the conventional capacity adjustment device has a problem that it is necessary to provide a voltage detection circuit for each cell in order to detect the voltages of all the cells.

本発明による組電池の容量調整装置は、組電池の総電圧に基づいて算出されるセルの平均電圧と所定のしきい値電圧とを比較し、電圧比較結果に基づいて、容量調整基準電圧を切り換えて、容量調整を行うことを特徴とする。   The capacity adjustment device for an assembled battery according to the present invention compares an average cell voltage calculated based on the total voltage of the assembled battery with a predetermined threshold voltage, and determines a capacity adjustment reference voltage based on the voltage comparison result. The capacity adjustment is performed by switching.

本発明による組電池の容量調整装置によれば、組電池の総電圧に基づいて算出されるセルの平均電圧に基づいて、容量調整を行うための容量調整基準電圧を切り換えるので、各セルごとに電圧検出回路を設けずに、適切な容量調整を行うことができる。   According to the battery pack capacity adjustment device of the present invention, the capacity adjustment reference voltage for performing capacity adjustment is switched based on the average voltage of the cells calculated based on the total voltage of the battery pack. Appropriate capacity adjustment can be performed without providing a voltage detection circuit.

図１は、本発明による組電池の容量調整装置の一実施の形態の構成を示す図である。以下では、一実施の形態における組電池の容量調整装置をハイブリッド自動車に適用した例について説明する。一実施の形態における組電池の容量調整装置は、容量調整回路１０と、電圧センサ２と、バッテリコントローラ３とを備える。容量調整回路１０は、抵抗Ｒ１〜Ｒ６と、コンパレータ（電圧比較器）１１と、スイッチ１２と、基準電圧生成回路１３と、異常判定部１４とを備える。なお、図１では、セルＳ１に対応する容量調整回路１０しか示していないが、全てのセルＳ１〜Ｓｎに対して、図１に示す容量調整回路１０と同様の構成の容量調整回路が設けられている。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of a capacity adjustment device for a battery pack according to the present invention. Below, the example which applied the capacity | capacitance adjustment apparatus of the assembled battery in one Embodiment to a hybrid vehicle is demonstrated. The capacity adjustment device for a battery pack according to an embodiment includes a capacity adjustment circuit 10, a voltage sensor 2, and a battery controller 3. The capacity adjustment circuit 10 includes resistors R1 to R6, a comparator (voltage comparator) 11, a switch 12, a reference voltage generation circuit 13, and an abnormality determination unit 14. In FIG. 1, only the capacitance adjustment circuit 10 corresponding to the cell S1 is shown, but a capacitance adjustment circuit having the same configuration as the capacitance adjustment circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 is provided for all the cells S1 to Sn. ing.

組電池１は、例えば、リチウムイオンバッテリであり、複数のセルＳ１〜Ｓｎを直列に接続して構成される。電圧センサ２は、組電池１の総電圧Ｖtを検出して、バッテリコントローラ３に出力する。   The assembled battery 1 is, for example, a lithium ion battery, and is configured by connecting a plurality of cells S1 to Sn in series. The voltage sensor 2 detects the total voltage Vt of the assembled battery 1 and outputs it to the battery controller 3.

容量調整抵抗である抵抗Ｒ１の一端は、セルＳ１の正極端子と接続され、他端は、コンパレータ１１の出力端子と接続されている。抵抗Ｒ２の一端は、セルＳ１の正極端子と接続され、他端は抵抗Ｒ３の一端と接続されている。抵抗Ｒ３の他端は、セルＳ１の負極端子と接続されている。抵抗Ｒ４の一端は、セルＳ１の負極端子と接続され、他端は、コンパレータ１１のプラス端子（非反転入力端子）と接続されている。抵抗Ｒ６は、コンパレータ１１のプラス端子と基準電圧生成回路１３との間に設けられている。容量調整電圧可変抵抗である抵抗Ｒ５およびスイッチ１２からなる直列回路は、抵抗Ｒ４と並列に接続されている。   One end of the resistor R1, which is a capacitance adjusting resistor, is connected to the positive terminal of the cell S1, and the other end is connected to the output terminal of the comparator 11. One end of the resistor R2 is connected to the positive terminal of the cell S1, and the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R3. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the negative terminal of the cell S1. One end of the resistor R4 is connected to the negative terminal of the cell S1, and the other end is connected to the plus terminal (non-inverting input terminal) of the comparator 11. The resistor R6 is provided between the plus terminal of the comparator 11 and the reference voltage generation circuit 13. A series circuit including a resistor R5 that is a capacitance adjusting voltage variable resistor and a switch 12 is connected in parallel with the resistor R4.

コンパレータ１１のマイナス端子（反転入力端子）には、セルＳ１の電圧を抵抗Ｒ２およびＲ３で分割された電圧が入力される。また、コンパレータ１１のプラス端子には、セルの容量調整を行う際の基準電圧が入力される。この基準電圧は、スイッチ１２のオン／オフの状態に応じて、値が変わる。すなわち、スイッチ１２がオフしている状態に対して、スイッチ１２がオンすると、コンパレータ１１のプラス端子に入力される基準電圧は上昇する。   A voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of the cell S1 by the resistors R2 and R3 is input to the minus terminal (inverted input terminal) of the comparator 11. A reference voltage for adjusting the cell capacity is input to the plus terminal of the comparator 11. The value of the reference voltage changes according to the on / off state of the switch 12. That is, when the switch 12 is turned on with respect to the state where the switch 12 is turned off, the reference voltage input to the plus terminal of the comparator 11 increases.

容量調整回路１０では、コンパレータ１１のマイナス端子に入力される電圧がプラス端子に入力される電圧より高くなると、容量調整抵抗Ｒ１に電流が流れて、容量調整が行われる。上述したように、コンパレータ１１のマイナス端子には、セルＳ１の電圧を抵抗Ｒ２およびＲ３で分割された電圧が入力されるが、以下では、説明を容易にするために、セルＳ１の電圧が容量調整時の基準電圧である容量調整基準電圧より高くなった時に、容量調整抵抗Ｒ１に電流が流れて、容量調整が行われるものとして説明する。また、スイッチ１２がオンした状態における容量調整基準電圧をＶ１とし、スイッチ１２がオフした状態における容量調整基準電圧をＶ２として説明する。   In the capacity adjustment circuit 10, when the voltage input to the negative terminal of the comparator 11 becomes higher than the voltage input to the positive terminal, a current flows through the capacity adjustment resistor R1 to perform capacity adjustment. As described above, the voltage obtained by dividing the voltage of the cell S1 by the resistors R2 and R3 is input to the negative terminal of the comparator 11, but in the following description, the voltage of the cell S1 is set to the capacity for ease of explanation. In the following description, it is assumed that when the voltage becomes higher than the capacity adjustment reference voltage, which is the reference voltage at the time of adjustment, a current flows through the capacity adjustment resistor R1, and the capacity adjustment is performed. In addition, it is assumed that the capacitance adjustment reference voltage when the switch 12 is on is V1, and the capacitance adjustment reference voltage when the switch 12 is off is V2.

バッテリコントローラ３は、電圧センサ２により検出された組電池１の総電圧Ｖtに基づいて、セルの平均電圧Ｖave（＝Ｖt／ｎ）を算出する。また、算出した平均電圧Ｖaveと、所定の設定電圧Ｖsetとを比較することにより、スイッチ１２のオン／オフを決定する。すなわち、平均電圧Ｖaveが設定電圧Ｖsetより高い場合には、スイッチ１２をオンし、平均電圧Ｖaveが設定電圧Ｖset以下であれば、スイッチ１２をオフする。なお、設定電圧Ｖsetと、容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１およびＶ２との間には、次式（１）の関係が成り立つものとする。
Ｖset＝（Ｖ１＋Ｖ２）／２ （１） The battery controller 3 calculates an average cell voltage Vave (= Vt / n) based on the total voltage Vt of the assembled battery 1 detected by the voltage sensor 2. Further, the on / off state of the switch 12 is determined by comparing the calculated average voltage Vave with a predetermined set voltage Vset. That is, when the average voltage Vave is higher than the set voltage Vset, the switch 12 is turned on. When the average voltage Vave is equal to or lower than the set voltage Vset, the switch 12 is turned off. It is assumed that the relationship of the following formula (1) is established between the set voltage Vset and the capacity adjustment reference voltages V1 and V2.
Vset = (V1 + V2) / 2 (1)

図２は、セルの平均電圧Ｖaveが設定電圧Ｖsetより高い場合に、セルの容量調整を行う前後の電圧バラツキを示す図である。図２（ａ）は、容量調整前の各セルの電圧バラツキを示し、図２（ｂ）は、容量調整後の各セルの電圧バラツキを示している。上述したように、平均電圧Ｖaveが設定電圧Ｖsetより高い場合には、スイッチ１２がオンされるので、容量調整基準電圧は、Ｖ１に設定される。従って、各セルＳ１〜Ｓｎの電圧のうち、容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１より高い電圧は、各セルに対応して設けられている容量調整抵抗を介して放電が行われる（図２（ｂ）参照）。   FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the voltage variation before and after the cell capacity adjustment when the average cell voltage Vave is higher than the set voltage Vset. 2A shows the voltage variation of each cell before capacity adjustment, and FIG. 2B shows the voltage variation of each cell after capacity adjustment. As described above, when the average voltage Vave is higher than the set voltage Vset, the switch 12 is turned on, so that the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is set to V1. Accordingly, among the voltages of the cells S1 to Sn, a voltage higher than the capacity adjustment reference voltage V1 is discharged through the capacity adjustment resistor provided corresponding to each cell (see FIG. 2B). .

図３は、セルの平均電圧Ｖaveが設定電圧Ｖset以下である場合に、セルの容量調整を行う前後の電圧バラツキを示す図である。図３（ａ）は、容量調整前の各セルの電圧バラツキを示し、図３（ｂ）は、容量調整後の各セルの電圧バラツキを示している。上述したように、平均電圧Ｖaveが設定電圧Ｖset以下の場合には、スイッチ１２がオフされるので、容量調整基準電圧は、Ｖ１より低いＶ２に設定される。従って、各セルＳ１〜Ｓｎの電圧のうち、容量調整基準電圧Ｖ２より高い電圧は、容量調整抵抗を介して放電が行われる（図３（ｂ）参照）。   FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the voltage variation before and after the cell capacity adjustment when the average cell voltage Vave is equal to or lower than the set voltage Vset. 3A shows the voltage variation of each cell before capacity adjustment, and FIG. 3B shows the voltage variation of each cell after capacity adjustment. As described above, when the average voltage Vave is equal to or lower than the set voltage Vset, the switch 12 is turned off, so that the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is set to V2 lower than V1. Therefore, among the voltages of the cells S1 to Sn, a voltage higher than the capacity adjustment reference voltage V2 is discharged through the capacity adjustment resistor (see FIG. 3B).

このように、組電池１の総電圧Ｖtに基づいて算出されるセルの平均電圧Ｖaveに基づいて、容量調整基準電圧を切り換えることにより、組電池１の充電状態に応じた適切な容量調整を行うことができる。また、各セルの電圧を検出するためのセル電圧検出回路を設ける必要がないので、装置全体を小型化することができる。   As described above, the capacity adjustment reference voltage is switched based on the average voltage Vave of the cells calculated based on the total voltage Vt of the assembled battery 1, thereby performing appropriate capacity adjustment according to the state of charge of the assembled battery 1. be able to. Further, since it is not necessary to provide a cell voltage detection circuit for detecting the voltage of each cell, the entire apparatus can be reduced in size.

異常判定部１４は、図示しないコンパレータを備え、セルＳ１の電圧と所定の過充電判定電圧とを比較して、セル電圧が過充電判定電圧より高いと判定すると、セルＳ１が過充電異常であることを示す信号をバッテリコントローラ３に出力する。また、異常判定部１４は、セルＳ１の電圧と所定の過放電判定電圧とを比較し、セル電圧が過放電判定電圧より低いと判定すると、セルＳ１が過放電異常であることを示す信号をバッテリコントローラ３に出力する。なお、図示しないコンパレータには、過充電判定電圧と過放電判定電圧とが切り換えて入力される。   The abnormality determination unit 14 includes a comparator (not shown), compares the voltage of the cell S1 with a predetermined overcharge determination voltage, and determines that the cell voltage is higher than the overcharge determination voltage, the cell S1 has an overcharge abnormality. A signal indicating this is output to the battery controller 3. Further, when the abnormality determination unit 14 compares the voltage of the cell S1 with a predetermined overdischarge determination voltage and determines that the cell voltage is lower than the overdischarge determination voltage, the abnormality determination unit 14 generates a signal indicating that the cell S1 has an overdischarge abnormality. Output to the battery controller 3. Note that an overcharge determination voltage and an overdischarge determination voltage are switched and input to a comparator (not shown).

バッテリコントローラ３は、各セルＳ１〜Ｓｎに対応して設けられている異常判定部のうち、いずれかの異常判定部からセルの過充電異常または過放電異常を示す信号が入力されると、後述する方法によって、組電池１の充放電を制御するとともに、スイッチ１２のオン／オフを制御する。   When a signal indicating an overcharge abnormality or overdischarge abnormality of a cell is input from any abnormality determination unit among the abnormality determination units provided corresponding to the cells S1 to Sn, the battery controller 3 will be described later. By controlling the charging / discharging of the assembled battery 1, the on / off state of the switch 12 is controlled.

図４は、過充電異常のセルが存在する場合に、セルの容量調整を行って、過充電異常のセルの電圧を低下させる様子を示す図である。図４（ａ）は、容量調整前の各セルの電圧バラツキを示し、図４（ｂ）は、容量調整中の各セルの電圧バラツキを示している。異常判定部から過充電異常のセルが存在する旨の信号を受信したバッテリコントローラ３は、スイッチ１２をオフするとともに、所定時間だけ組電池１全体の放電を行う。これにより、各セルＳ１〜Ｓｎの電圧のうち、容量調整基準電圧Ｖ２より高い電圧は、各セルに対応して設けられている容量調整抵抗を介して放電が行われる。特に、組電池１全体の放電を行うので、過充電異常のセルをより早く正常な状態にすることができる。   FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the capacity of a cell is adjusted to reduce the voltage of an overcharged abnormal cell when an overcharged abnormal cell exists. 4A shows the voltage variation of each cell before capacity adjustment, and FIG. 4B shows the voltage variation of each cell during capacity adjustment. The battery controller 3 that has received a signal indicating that there is an overcharge abnormality cell from the abnormality determination unit turns off the switch 12 and discharges the entire assembled battery 1 for a predetermined time. As a result, among the voltages of the cells S1 to Sn, a voltage higher than the capacity adjustment reference voltage V2 is discharged via the capacity adjustment resistor provided corresponding to each cell. In particular, since the entire assembled battery 1 is discharged, the overcharged abnormal cell can be brought into a normal state more quickly.

図５は、過放電異常のセルが存在する場合に、セルの容量調整を行って、過放電異常のセルの電圧を上昇させる様子を示す図である。図５（ａ）は、容量調整前の各セルの電圧バラツキを示し、図５（ｂ）は、容量調整中の各セルの電圧バラツキを示している。この場合、バッテリコントローラ３は、スイッチ１２をオンするとともに、所定時間だけ組電池１全体の充電を行う。これにより、各セルＳ１〜Ｓｎの電圧が上昇するが、容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１より高くなったセル電圧は、各セルに対応して設けられている容量調整抵抗を介して放電が行われる。これにより、過放電異常のセルをより早く正常な状態にするとともに、各セル間の容量調整を行うことができる。   FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a state in which, when an overdischarge abnormal cell exists, the cell capacity is adjusted to increase the voltage of the overdischarge abnormal cell. FIG. 5A shows the voltage variation of each cell before capacity adjustment, and FIG. 5B shows the voltage variation of each cell during capacity adjustment. In this case, the battery controller 3 turns on the switch 12 and charges the entire assembled battery 1 for a predetermined time. Thereby, although the voltage of each cell S1-Sn rises, the cell voltage which became higher than the capacity | capacitance adjustment reference voltage V1 is discharged via the capacity | capacitance adjustment resistance provided corresponding to each cell. As a result, it is possible to make the overdischarge abnormal cells to be in a normal state more quickly and adjust the capacity between the cells.

なお、組電池１の充電時に、バッテリコントローラ３は、図示しないハイブリッドコントロールシステムに対して、組電池１の充電指令を出力する。充電指令を受けたハイブリッドコントロールシステムは、図示しないエンジンを駆動させて図示しないモータを回転させる。このモータの回転によって発生する回生電力を用いて、組電池１の充電を行う。   When charging the battery pack 1, the battery controller 3 outputs a charge command for the battery pack 1 to a hybrid control system (not shown). The hybrid control system that has received the charge command drives an engine (not shown) to rotate a motor (not shown). The assembled battery 1 is charged using the regenerative power generated by the rotation of the motor.

また、組電池１の放電時に、バッテリコントローラ３は、図示しないハイブリッドコントロールシステムに対して、組電池１の放電指令を出力する。放電指令を受けたハイブリッドコントロールシステムは、組電池１の蓄電電力を用いて図示しないモータを回転させることにより、組電池１の放電を行う。   Further, when the battery pack 1 is discharged, the battery controller 3 outputs a discharge command for the battery pack 1 to a hybrid control system (not shown). The hybrid control system that has received the discharge command discharges the assembled battery 1 by rotating a motor (not shown) using the stored power of the assembled battery 1.

図６は、一実施の形態における組電池の容量調整装置により行われる処理内容を示すフローチャートである。ステップＳ１０から始まる処理は、バッテリコントローラ３により行われる。ステップＳ１０では、電圧センサ２によって、組電池１の総電圧Ｖtを検出する。組電池１の総電圧Ｖtが電圧センサ２からバッテリコントローラ３に入力されると、ステップＳ２０に進む。   FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the contents of processing performed by the battery pack capacity adjustment device in one embodiment. The process starting from step S10 is performed by the battery controller 3. In step S10, the voltage sensor 2 detects the total voltage Vt of the assembled battery 1. When the total voltage Vt of the assembled battery 1 is input from the voltage sensor 2 to the battery controller 3, the process proceeds to step S20.

ステップＳ２０では、ステップＳ１０で検出された総電圧Ｖtに基づいて、セルＳ１〜Ｓｎの平均電圧Ｖaveを算出する。平均電圧Ｖaveを算出すると、ステップＳ３０に進む。ステップＳ３０では、平均電圧Ｖaveと所定の設定電圧Ｖsetとを比較することにより、スイッチ１２のオン／オフを制御して、容量調整基準電圧を設定する。すなわち、Ｖave＞Ｖsetの関係が成り立つ場合には、スイッチ１２をオンして、容量調整基準電圧をＶ１に設定し、Ｖave≦Ｖsetの関係が成り立つ場合には、スイッチ１２をオフして、容量調整基準電圧をＶ２に設定する。スイッチ１２のオン／オフを制御することにより、容量調整基準電圧を設定すると、ステップＳ４０に進む。   In step S20, the average voltage Vave of the cells S1 to Sn is calculated based on the total voltage Vt detected in step S10. When the average voltage Vave is calculated, the process proceeds to step S30. In step S30, by comparing the average voltage Vave with a predetermined set voltage Vset, on / off of the switch 12 is controlled to set the capacitance adjustment reference voltage. That is, when the relationship of Vave> Vset holds, the switch 12 is turned on and the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is set to V1, and when the relationship of Vave ≦ Vset holds, the switch 12 is turned off to adjust the capacitance. Set the reference voltage to V2. When the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is set by controlling on / off of the switch 12, the process proceeds to step S40.

ステップＳ４０では、異常判定部１４から入力される信号に基づいて、過充電状態または過放電状態となっているセルが存在するか否かを判定する。過充電状態または過放電状態となっているセルが存在すると判定するとステップＳ５０に進み、全てのセルＳ１〜Ｓｎが正常であると判定すると、ステップＳ１０に戻る。   In step S40, based on the signal input from the abnormality determination unit 14, it is determined whether or not there is a cell that is in an overcharge state or an overdischarge state. If it is determined that there is an overcharged or overdischarged cell, the process proceeds to step S50. If it is determined that all the cells S1 to Sn are normal, the process returns to step S10.

ステップＳ５０では、異常が発生しているセルが過充電状態であるか否かを判定する。異常が発生しているセルが過充電状態であると判定するとステップＳ６０に進み、過充電状態ではなく過放電状態であると判定すると、ステップＳ９０に進む。ステップＳ６０〜ステップＳ８０では、過充電異常のセルが存在する場合の処理を行う。ステップＳ６０では、スイッチ１２をオフする。これにより、容量調整基準電圧がＶ２に設定される。   In step S50, it is determined whether or not the cell in which an abnormality has occurred is in an overcharged state. If it is determined that the cell in which an abnormality has occurred is in an overcharged state, the process proceeds to step S60. If it is determined that the cell is not in an overcharged state but an overdischarged state, the process proceeds to step S90. In step S60 to step S80, processing is performed when there is an overcharged abnormal cell. In step S60, the switch 12 is turned off. Thereby, the capacity adjustment reference voltage is set to V2.

ステップＳ６０に続くステップＳ７０では、組電池１の放電を開始して、ステップＳ８０に進む。ステップＳ８０では、組電池１の放電を開始してから所定時間が経過したか否かを判定する。所定時間が経過していないと判定すると所定時間が経過するまで組電池１の放電を継続して行い、所定時間を経過したと判定すると、組電池１の放電を停止して、ステップＳ１０に戻る。   In step S70 following step S60, discharging of the assembled battery 1 is started, and the process proceeds to step S80. In step S80, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the discharge of the assembled battery 1 was started. When it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed, the assembled battery 1 is continuously discharged until the predetermined time has elapsed, and when it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed, the discharging of the assembled battery 1 is stopped and the process returns to step S10. .

ステップＳ９０〜ステップＳ１１０では、過放電異常のセルが存在する場合の処理を行う。ステップＳ９０では、スイッチ１２をオンする。これにより、容量調整基準電圧がＶ１に設定される。ステップＳ９０に続くステップＳ１００では、組電池１の充電を開始して、ステップＳ１１０に進む。ステップＳ１１０では、組電池１の充電を開始してから所定時間が経過したか否かを判定する。所定時間が経過していないと判定すると所定時間が経過するまで組電池１の充電を継続して行い、所定時間を経過したと判定すると、組電池１の放電を停止して、ステップＳ１０に戻る。   In step S90 to step S110, processing is performed when there is an overdischarged abnormal cell. In step S90, the switch 12 is turned on. Thereby, the capacity adjustment reference voltage is set to V1. In step S100 following step S90, charging of the assembled battery 1 is started, and the process proceeds to step S110. In step S110, it is determined whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the charging of the assembled battery 1 was started. If it is determined that the predetermined time has not elapsed, charging of the assembled battery 1 is continued until the predetermined time has elapsed. If it is determined that the predetermined time has elapsed, discharging of the assembled battery 1 is stopped and the process returns to step S10. .

一実施の形態における組電池の容量調整装置によれば、組電池１の総電圧Ｖtに基づいてセルの平均電圧Ｖaveを算出し、平均電圧Ｖaveと所定のしきい値電圧Ｖsetとを比較して、比較した結果に基づいて、容量調整基準電圧を切り換えるので、各セルごとに電圧検出回路を設けることなく、セル間の容量調整を行うことができる。特に、平均電圧Ｖaveが所定のしきい値電圧Ｖsetより高い場合には、第１の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１を選択し、平均電圧Ｖaveが所定のしきい値電圧Ｖset以下の場合には、第１の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１より低い第２の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ２を選択するので、組電池１の充電状態に応じた容量調整基準電圧を選択して、適切な容量調整を行うことができる。   According to the battery pack capacity adjustment apparatus in one embodiment, the average voltage Vave of the cell is calculated based on the total voltage Vt of the battery pack 1, and the average voltage Vave is compared with a predetermined threshold voltage Vset. Since the capacity adjustment reference voltage is switched based on the comparison result, the capacity adjustment between the cells can be performed without providing a voltage detection circuit for each cell. In particular, when the average voltage Vave is higher than the predetermined threshold voltage Vset, the first capacitance adjustment reference voltage V1 is selected, and when the average voltage Vave is equal to or lower than the predetermined threshold voltage Vset, the first Since the second capacity adjustment reference voltage V2 lower than the capacity adjustment reference voltage V1 is selected, the capacity adjustment reference voltage corresponding to the state of charge of the assembled battery 1 can be selected to perform appropriate capacity adjustment.

また、一実施の形態における組電池の容量調整装置によれば、過充電状態にあるセルが検出されると、第２の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ２を選択するとともに、組電池１の放電を行うので、過充電異常のセルをより早く正常な状態にするとともに、各セル間の容量調整を行うことができる。また、過放電状態にあるセルが検出されると、第１の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１を選択するとともに、組電池１の充電を行うので、過放電異常のセルをより早く正常な状態にするとともに、各セル間の容量調整を行うことができる。   Further, according to the battery pack capacity adjustment apparatus in the embodiment, when the overcharged cell is detected, the battery pack 1 is discharged while the second capacity adjustment reference voltage V2 is selected. In addition, the overcharged abnormal cells can be brought into a normal state more quickly, and the capacity can be adjusted between the cells. When a cell in an overdischarged state is detected, the first capacity adjustment reference voltage V1 is selected and the assembled battery 1 is charged. The capacity adjustment between the cells can be performed.

本発明は、上述した一実施の形態に限定されることはない。例えば、容量調整を行うための容量調整基準電圧として、第１の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ１と第２の容量調整基準電圧Ｖ２とを切り換えるようにしたが、３つ以上の容量調整基準電圧を切り換えるようにしてもよい。図７は、３つの容量調整基準電圧を切り換えることができる組電池の容量調整装置の構成図である。   The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. For example, the first capacitance adjustment reference voltage V1 and the second capacitance adjustment reference voltage V2 are switched as the capacitance adjustment reference voltage for performing the capacitance adjustment, but three or more capacitance adjustment reference voltages are switched. It may be. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a battery pack capacity adjustment device capable of switching three capacity adjustment reference voltages.

図７に示すように、容量調整回路１０ａには、抵抗Ｒ５およびスイッチ１２により構成される直列回路と並列に、抵抗Ｒ７およびスイッチ２０により構成される直列回路が接続されている。バッテリコントローラ３は、セルの平均電圧Ｖaveと第１のしきい値電圧Ｖset1とを比較し、平均電圧Ｖaveが第１のしきい値電圧Ｖset1より高いと判定すると、スイッチ１２およびスイッチ２０をオンして、容量調整基準電圧をＶ３に設定する。   As shown in FIG. 7, a series circuit constituted by a resistor R7 and a switch 20 is connected to the capacitance adjusting circuit 10a in parallel with a series circuit constituted by a resistor R5 and a switch 12. When the battery controller 3 compares the average voltage Vave of the cell with the first threshold voltage Vset1, and determines that the average voltage Vave is higher than the first threshold voltage Vset1, the battery controller 3 turns on the switch 12 and the switch 20. Thus, the capacity adjustment reference voltage is set to V3.

また、平均電圧Ｖaveが第１のしきい値電圧Ｖset1以下であり、かつ、第２のしきい値電圧Ｖset2（Ｖset2＜Ｖset1）より高いと判定すると、スイッチ１２をオン、かつ、スイッチ２０をオフして、容量調整基準電圧をＶ４（Ｖ４＜Ｖ３）に設定する。さらに、平均電圧Ｖaveが第２のしきい値電圧Ｖset2以下であると判定すると、スイッチ１２およびスイッチ２０を共にオフにして、容量調整基準電圧をＶ５（Ｖ５＜Ｖ４）に設定する。   If it is determined that the average voltage Vave is equal to or lower than the first threshold voltage Vset1 and higher than the second threshold voltage Vset2 (Vset2 <Vset1), the switch 12 is turned on and the switch 20 is turned off. Then, the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is set to V4 (V4 <V3). Further, when it is determined that the average voltage Vave is equal to or lower than the second threshold voltage Vset2, both the switch 12 and the switch 20 are turned off, and the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is set to V5 (V5 <V4).

すなわち、セルの平均電圧Ｖaveが低いほど、低い容量調整基準電圧に切り換えるようにする。このように、切り換える容量調整基準電圧の数を増やすほど、容量調整後のセル間の電圧差を小さくすることができる。なお、４つ以上の容量調整基準電圧を切り換える構成にする場合には、３つの容量調整基準電圧を切り換える構成にした際と同様に、抵抗Ｒ５およびスイッチ１２の直列回路と並列に接続する、抵抗およびスイッチから構成される直列回路の数を増やしていけばよい。   That is, the lower the cell average voltage Vave, the lower the capacity adjustment reference voltage. Thus, the voltage difference between the cells after capacity adjustment can be reduced as the number of capacity adjustment reference voltages to be switched is increased. In the case of a configuration in which four or more capacitance adjustment reference voltages are switched, a resistor connected in parallel with the series circuit of the resistor R5 and the switch 12 as in the configuration in which three capacitance adjustment reference voltages are switched. And the number of series circuits composed of switches can be increased.

３以上の複数の容量調整基準電圧の中から１つの容量調整基準電圧を設定する構成において、過充電異常セルが検出された場合には、全セルの平均電圧Ｖaveより低い容量調整基準電圧（例えば、最も低い容量調整基準電圧）に設定するとともに、組電池１の放電を行うようにすればよい。また、過放電異常セルが検出された場合には、全セルの平均電圧Ｖaveより高い容量調整基準電圧（例えば、最も高い容量調整基準電圧）に設定するとともに、組電池１の充電を行うようにすればよい。   In the configuration in which one capacity adjustment reference voltage is set from a plurality of capacity adjustment reference voltages of three or more, when an overcharge abnormality cell is detected, a capacity adjustment reference voltage lower than the average voltage Vave of all cells (for example, The lowest capacity adjustment reference voltage) and the battery pack 1 may be discharged. Further, when an overdischarge abnormal cell is detected, the capacity adjustment reference voltage (for example, the highest capacity adjustment reference voltage) higher than the average voltage Vave of all the cells is set, and the assembled battery 1 is charged. do it.

上述した説明では、本発明による組電池の容量調整装置をハイブリッド自動車に適用した例を挙げたが、電気自動車に適用することもできるし、車両以外の他のシステムに適用することもできる。   In the above description, an example in which the battery pack capacity adjustment apparatus according to the present invention is applied to a hybrid vehicle has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to an electric vehicle or a system other than a vehicle.

また、上述した一実施の形態では、抵抗Ｒ５およびスイッチ１２からなる直列回路を抵抗Ｒ４と並列に接続し、スイッチ１２のオン／オフによって、容量調整基準電圧を切り換えるようにしたが、容量調整基準電圧を切り換えるための構成は、このような構成に限定されることはない。   In the above-described embodiment, the series circuit including the resistor R5 and the switch 12 is connected in parallel with the resistor R4, and the capacitance adjustment reference voltage is switched by turning the switch 12 on / off. The configuration for switching the voltage is not limited to such a configuration.

特許請求の範囲の構成要素と一実施の形態の構成要素との対応関係は次の通りである。すなわち、電圧センサ２が総電圧検出手段を、バッテリコントローラ３が平均電圧算出手段および充放電制御手段を、コンパレータ１１が電圧比較手段を、抵抗Ｒ５、スイッチ１２およびバッテリコントローラ３が容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段を、電圧比較手段および抵抗Ｒ１が容量調整手段を、異常判定部１４が過充電異常検出部および過放電異常検出部をそれぞれ構成する。なお、本発明の特徴的な機能を損なわない限り、各構成要素は上記構成に限定されるものではない。   The correspondence between the constituent elements of the claims and the constituent elements of the embodiment is as follows. That is, the voltage sensor 2 is the total voltage detection means, the battery controller 3 is the average voltage calculation means and the charge / discharge control means, the comparator 11 is the voltage comparison means, and the resistor R5, the switch 12 and the battery controller 3 are for switching the capacity adjustment reference voltage. The voltage comparing means and the resistor R1 constitute capacity adjusting means, and the abnormality determining part 14 constitutes an overcharge abnormality detecting part and an overdischarge abnormality detecting part. In addition, as long as the characteristic function of this invention is not impaired, each component is not limited to the said structure.

本発明による組電池の容量調整装置の一実施の形態の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the capacity adjustment apparatus of the assembled battery by this invention. 図２（ａ）は、セルの平均電圧が設定電圧Ｖsetより高い場合の容量調整前の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図であり、図２（ｂ）は、容量調整後の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the variation in the voltage of each cell before capacity adjustment when the average cell voltage is higher than the set voltage Vset, and FIG. 2B is the voltage of each cell after capacity adjustment. Figure showing the variation of 図３（ａ）は、セルの平均電圧が設定電圧Ｖset以下の場合の容量調整前の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図であり、図３（ｂ）は、容量調整後の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating the variation in the voltage of each cell before capacity adjustment when the average cell voltage is equal to or lower than the set voltage Vset, and FIG. 3B is the voltage of each cell after capacity adjustment. Figure showing the variation of 図４（ａ）は、過充電異常のセルが存在する場合の容量調整前の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図であり、図４（ｂ）は、容量調整中の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating the voltage variation of each cell before capacity adjustment when there is an overcharge abnormality cell, and FIG. 4B is the voltage variation of each cell during capacity adjustment. Figure showing 図５（ａ）は、過放電異常のセルが存在する場合の容量調整前の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図であり、図５（ｂ）は、容量調整中の各セルの電圧のバラツキを示す図FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating the voltage variation of each cell before capacity adjustment when there is an overdischarge abnormal cell, and FIG. 5B is the voltage variation of each cell during capacity adjustment. Figure showing 一実施の形態における組電池の容量調整装置により行われる処理内容を示すフローチャートThe flowchart which shows the processing content performed by the capacity adjustment apparatus of the assembled battery in one embodiment ３つの容量調整基準電圧を切り換えることができる組電池の容量調整装置の構成図Configuration diagram of a battery pack capacity adjustment device capable of switching three capacity adjustment reference voltages

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…組電池
２…電圧センサ
３…バッテリコントローラ
１０…容量調整回路
１１…コンパレータ
１２，２０…スイッチ
１３…基準電圧生成回路
１４…異常判定部
Ｓ１〜Ｓｎ…セル
Ｒ１〜Ｒ７…抵抗 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery pack 2 ... Voltage sensor 3 ... Battery controller 10 ... Capacity adjustment circuit 11 ... Comparator 12, 20 ... Switch 13 ... Reference voltage generation circuit 14 ... Abnormality determination part S1-Sn ... Cell R1-R7 ... Resistance

Claims (9)

複数のセルを直列に接続して構成される組電池の容量調整装置において、
前記組電池を構成する全セルの総電圧を検出する総電圧検出手段と、
前記総電圧検出手段により検出された総電圧に基づいて、全セルの平均電圧を算出する平均電圧算出手段と、
前記平均電圧算出手段により算出された平均電圧と、所定のしきい値電圧とを比較する電圧比較手段と、
前記電圧比較手段による電圧比較結果に基づいて、容量調整基準電圧を切り換える容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段と、
セル電圧が前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段により切り換えられた容量調整基準電圧を越えたセルの放電を行うことにより、各セル間の容量調整を行う容量調整手段とを備えることを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 In a battery pack capacity adjustment device configured by connecting a plurality of cells in series,
A total voltage detecting means for detecting a total voltage of all cells constituting the assembled battery;
Based on the total voltage detected by the total voltage detection means, an average voltage calculation means for calculating an average voltage of all cells;
Voltage comparison means for comparing the average voltage calculated by the average voltage calculation means with a predetermined threshold voltage;
Capacitance adjustment reference voltage switching means for switching the capacity adjustment reference voltage based on the voltage comparison result by the voltage comparison means;
A battery pack comprising: capacity adjusting means for adjusting capacity between cells by discharging cells whose cell voltage exceeds the capacity adjustment reference voltage switched by the capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means. Capacity adjustment device. 請求項１に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記電圧比較手段により、前記平均電圧が所定のしきい値電圧より高いと判定されると、第１の容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、前記電圧比較手段により、前記平均電圧が所定のしきい値電圧以下であると判定されると、前記第１の容量調整基準電圧より低い第２の容量調整基準電圧に切り換えることを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment apparatus for an assembled battery according to claim 1,
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to the first capacity adjustment reference voltage when the voltage comparison means determines that the average voltage is higher than a predetermined threshold voltage, and the voltage comparison means When it is determined that the average voltage is equal to or lower than a predetermined threshold voltage, the capacity adjustment device for an assembled battery is switched to a second capacity adjustment reference voltage lower than the first capacity adjustment reference voltage. 請求項２に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
セルの電圧が所定の上限電圧より高い過充電異常を検出する過充電異常検出手段と、
前記組電池全体の充電および放電を制御する充放電制御手段とをさらに備え、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記過充電異常検出手段によりセルの過充電異常が検出されると、前記第２の容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、
前記充放電制御手段は、前記過充電異常検出手段によりセルの過充電異常が検出されると、前記組電池全体を放電することを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment device for an assembled battery according to claim 2,
An overcharge abnormality detecting means for detecting an overcharge abnormality in which the voltage of the cell is higher than a predetermined upper limit voltage;
Charging and discharging control means for controlling charging and discharging of the entire assembled battery,
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to the second capacity adjustment reference voltage when an overcharge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overcharge abnormality detection means.
The assembled battery capacity adjusting device, wherein the charge / discharge control means discharges the entire assembled battery when an overcharge abnormality of the cell is detected by the overcharge abnormality detecting means. 請求項２に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
セルの電圧が所定の下限電圧より低い過放電異常を検出する過放電異常検出手段と、
前記組電池全体の充電および放電を制御する充放電制御手段とをさらに備え、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記過放電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記第１の容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、
前記充放電制御手段は、前記過放電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記組電池全体を充電することを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment device for an assembled battery according to claim 2,
An overdischarge abnormality detecting means for detecting an overdischarge abnormality in which the voltage of the cell is lower than a predetermined lower limit voltage;
Charging and discharging control means for controlling charging and discharging of the entire assembled battery,
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to the first capacity adjustment reference voltage when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overdischarge abnormality detection means,
The battery pack capacity adjustment device, wherein the charge / discharge control means charges the whole battery pack when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overdischarge abnormality detection means. 請求項３に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
セルの電圧が所定の下限電圧より低い過放電異常を検出する過放電異常検出手段をさらに備え、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記過放電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記第１の容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、
前記充放電制御手段は、前記過放電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記組電池全体を充電することを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment apparatus of the assembled battery according to claim 3,
An overdischarge abnormality detecting means for detecting an overdischarge abnormality in which the voltage of the cell is lower than a predetermined lower limit voltage;
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to the first capacity adjustment reference voltage when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overdischarge abnormality detection means,
The battery pack capacity adjustment device, wherein the charge / discharge control means charges the whole battery pack when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overdischarge abnormality detection means. 請求項１に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、複数の容量調整基準電圧の中から１つの容量調整基準電圧を設定するものであって、前記平均電圧が低いほど、低い容量調整基準電圧に切り換えることを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment apparatus for an assembled battery according to claim 1,
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means sets one capacity adjustment reference voltage from among a plurality of capacity adjustment reference voltages, and switches to a lower capacity adjustment reference voltage as the average voltage is lower. The capacity adjustment device of the assembled battery. 請求項６に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
セルの電圧が所定の上限電圧より高い過充電異常を検出する過充電異常検出手段と、
前記組電池全体の充電および放電を制御する充放電制御手段とをさらに備え、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記過充電異常検出手段によりセルの過充電異常が検出されると、前記平均電圧より低い容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、
前記充放電制御手段は、前記過充電異常検出手段によりセルの過充電異常が検出されると、前記組電池全体を放電することを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment device for an assembled battery according to claim 6,
An overcharge abnormality detecting means for detecting an overcharge abnormality in which the voltage of the cell is higher than a predetermined upper limit voltage;
Charging and discharging control means for controlling charging and discharging of the entire assembled battery,
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to a capacity adjustment reference voltage lower than the average voltage when a cell overcharge abnormality is detected by the overcharge abnormality detection means,
The assembled battery capacity adjusting device, wherein the charge / discharge control means discharges the entire assembled battery when an overcharge abnormality of the cell is detected by the overcharge abnormality detecting means. 請求項６に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
セルの電圧が所定の下限電圧より低い過放電異常を検出する過放電異常検出手段と、
前記組電池全体の充電および放電を制御する充放電制御手段とをさらに備え、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記過放電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記平均電圧より高い容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、
前記充放電制御手段は、前記過充電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記組電池全体を充電することを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 The capacity adjustment device for an assembled battery according to claim 6,
An overdischarge abnormality detecting means for detecting an overdischarge abnormality in which the voltage of the cell is lower than a predetermined lower limit voltage;
Charging and discharging control means for controlling charging and discharging of the entire assembled battery,
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to a capacity adjustment reference voltage higher than the average voltage when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overdischarge abnormality detection means,
The assembled battery capacity adjusting device, wherein the charge / discharge control means charges the whole assembled battery when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overcharge abnormality detecting means. 請求項７に記載の組電池の容量調整装置において、
セルの電圧が所定の下限電圧より低い過放電異常を検出する過放電異常検出手段をさらに備え、
前記容量調整基準電圧切り換え手段は、前記過放電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記平均電圧より高い容量調整基準電圧に切り換え、
前記充放電制御手段は、前記過充電異常検出手段によりセルの過放電異常が検出されると、前記組電池全体を充電することを特徴とする組電池の容量調整装置。 In the assembled battery capacity adjustment device according to claim 7,
An overdischarge abnormality detecting means for detecting an overdischarge abnormality in which the voltage of the cell is lower than a predetermined lower limit voltage;
The capacity adjustment reference voltage switching means switches to a capacity adjustment reference voltage higher than the average voltage when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overdischarge abnormality detection means,
The assembled battery capacity adjusting device, wherein the charge / discharge control means charges the whole assembled battery when an overdischarge abnormality of a cell is detected by the overcharge abnormality detecting means.
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JP2013132132A (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-07-04 Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp Uninterruptible power supply device
JP2014090664A (en) * 2006-11-06 2014-05-15 Nec Corp Battery control system and electric cell
JP2016144398A (en) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-08 青海時代新能源科技有限公司 Method and system for positively equalizing lithium iron phosphate battery pack
JP2021520773A (en) * 2019-01-03 2021-08-19 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Battery balancing device and battery pack containing it

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JP2014090664A (en) * 2006-11-06 2014-05-15 Nec Corp Battery control system and electric cell
US9780593B2 (en) 2006-11-06 2017-10-03 Nec Corporation Electric cells for battery pack, battery control system, and battery control method
JP2013132132A (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-07-04 Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial System Corp Uninterruptible power supply device
JP2016144398A (en) * 2015-02-05 2016-08-08 青海時代新能源科技有限公司 Method and system for positively equalizing lithium iron phosphate battery pack
US10027134B2 (en) 2015-02-05 2018-07-17 Qinghai Contemporary Amperex Technology Limited Active equalization method and system of lithium iron phosphate battery pack
JP2021520773A (en) * 2019-01-03 2021-08-19 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド Battery balancing device and battery pack containing it
JP7160452B2 (en) 2019-01-03 2022-10-25 エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド Battery balancing device and battery pack containing same

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