JP2005329520A - Gear grinding device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gear grinding device improving shape accuracy of teeth by a form grinding method for shortening grinding time by simultaneously grinding all teeth of a gear. <P>SOLUTION: This device is provided with at least a grinding tool holding part for holding a grinding tool for grinding a workpiece and a workpiece holding part for holding the workpiece. The device grinds the workpiece by moving at least either of the grinding tool holding part or the workpiece holding part, while relatively reciprocatively vibrating the grinding tool holding part and the workpiece holding part. The grinding tool holding part is provided with a holding part main body to be a base, a movable body rotatably supported by the holding main body, a pin for limiting a rotating movement of the movable body, and a positioning means for positioning the movable body at an arbitrary prescribed position in a locked state of the rotation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a gear grinding apparatus, and more particularly, to a grindstone holding section that holds a grindstone of a gear grinding apparatus that grinds all teeth of one gear simultaneously.

  There are various gear manufacturing methods, such as hobbing, pinion cutter processing, rack cutter processing, shaving processing, and the like. In each machining method, different machining tools and gear machining devices are used. In some cases, a stepwise processing method may be employed depending on the accuracy of the gear. In such a case, it can be roughly divided into a molding stage for processing into a rough shape of a gear and a finishing stage for processing the formed gear into a final finish dimension.

  In the conventional general gear finishing process, the gears are finished one by one, and in this case, a method is used in which the next one tooth is machined by rotating and feeding the grindstone. A conventional example of a gear grinding apparatus that performs such gear machining is shown in FIGS. FIG. 8 is a side view of a conventional gear grinding apparatus 50, and FIG. 9 is an external view of the gear grinding apparatus 50 of FIG. The gear grinding device 50 includes an external gear 10 that is a workpiece and a grindstone 59, and the relative position between the external gear 10 and the grindstone 59 can be adjusted. After adjusting the relative position of the external gear 10 and the grindstone 59, the external gear 10 as the workpiece is vibrated in the front-rear direction (X direction) while the grindstone 59 is advanced (X direction in the figure). Then, one tooth of the external gear 10 is finished. Thereafter, the grindstone 9 is rotated in the circumferential direction to finish the next one tooth of the external gear 10 that is the workpiece.

  However, in such a conventional gear processing (grinding) device, the number of teeth of the grindstone and the number of teeth of the workpiece are different, and the relative vibration between the grindstone and the workpiece causes the tooth surface. In the case of processing, one tooth or one tooth gap, or one tooth surface on one side is processed, and a plurality of teeth are processed while sequentially moving the teeth.

  Therefore, in such a gear machining apparatus, the grinding wheel is rotated while reciprocatingly vibrating the grindstone, whereby the grinding position of the workpiece held freely is moved in the circumferential direction in order, and the gear machining is performed. Is done. However, such a processing method has a problem that it takes time because the teeth are processed one by one in order.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is a gear grinding apparatus capable of improving the shape accuracy of teeth by a total grinding method capable of reducing machining time by simultaneously grinding and finishing all teeth of one gear. The purpose is to provide.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the above-described object, at least a grindstone holding portion for holding a grindstone for grinding the workpiece, and a workpiece holding portion for holding the workpiece. And moving the at least one of the grindstone holding part or the work piece holding part while relatively reciprocatingly vibrating the grindstone holding part and the work piece holding part. In the gear grinding apparatus, the grindstone holding portion is a holding portion main body that serves as a base, a movable body that is rotatably supported by the holding portion main body, and a pin that limits the rotational movement of the movable body, Positioning means capable of positioning and holding the movable body at an arbitrary predetermined position in a state where the rotation of the movable body is locked is provided.

  By configuring in this way, that is, in particular, because the movable body is rotatable, when the teeth of the workpiece and the teeth of the grindstone are combined, the teeth of the workpiece and the teeth of the grindstone cannot interfere and combine. In this case, chamfering of the end face of the grindstone causes a rotational force to act on the grindstone, so that the grindstone rotates and the teeth of the workpiece and the grindstone teeth are normally combined. Further, since the fixed body is provided, the positional relationship between the grindstone and the workpiece can be fixed at the time of grinding, and the tooth shape of the grindstone can be accurately transferred to the workpiece. The above action is effective. That is, when the movable body is rotatable and the fixed body is provided, when grinding all the teeth of one gear at the same time, the grindstone and the workpiece are surely fixed. It is possible to provide a gear grinding apparatus that can be combined, shortening the processing time, and ensuring the tooth shape accuracy.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the positioning means is an elastic body that presses the movable body to one side.
According to this form, the form which actualizes a positioning means more is disclosed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first and second aspects, the elastic body is moved by a pneumatic cylinder to press the movable body to one side. To do.
According to this form, the positioning method by the elastic body which is a positioning means is actualized more.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, a fixed body that fixes the movable body to the holding portion main body is provided.
According to this form, the structure of a grindstone holding | maintenance part is actualized more.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, further comprising a drive device that linearly reciprocates the grindstone holding portion toward the workpiece. Features.
According to this form, the structure of this gear grinding apparatus is actualized more.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the workpiece is a gear.
According to the present embodiment, the object to be processed by the gear grinding apparatus is further specified.

In the form of Claim 7 of this invention, in the form of the said Claim 6, the said grindstone has the same number of teeth as the gearwheel which is the said workpiece.
According to the present embodiment, the configuration that can grind all the teeth of one gear at the same time and reduce the processing time is more concrete.

  Hereinafter, a gear grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 schematically show an embodiment of a gear grinding apparatus according to the present invention. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gear grinding apparatus 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a circumferential direction of a grindstone by pins. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 for explaining the position adjustment.

  First, referring to FIG. 1, a gear grinding apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention gears a workpiece holding portion 3 that holds an external gear 10 that is a workpiece in this example, and a workpiece. And a grindstone holding portion 2 for holding a grindstone 9 for the purpose. FIG. 4 shows a front view of the external gear 10 that is a workpiece in the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows a front view (FIG. 5 (a)) and a side sectional view (FIG. 5) of the grindstone 9. 5 (b)). The external gear 10 which is a workpiece has an outer shape as shown in FIG. 4 before being processed by the gear grinding apparatus 1. Further, in the present embodiment, the workpiece is an external gear, but it may be another type of gear such as an internal gear. As the grindstone 9, an appropriate one is used according to the type of gear that is the workpiece.

  The grindstone holding unit 2 includes a holding unit main body 4 serving as a base of the grindstone holding unit 2, and a movable body 5 that is rotatably supported by the holding unit main body 4 and accommodates the grindstone 9. As shown in FIG. 1, the movable body 5 is fixedly supported at the center by a rotating shaft 11, and the rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported by a fixed body 8 via a bearing 12. The fixed body 8 is fixed to the holding portion main body 4 by a known means such as a bolt. The above components are included in the grindstone holding unit 2.

The gear grinding apparatus 1 further includes a platform 20 that supports the grindstone holding unit 2 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction (X direction), and a drive unit 30 for moving the grindstone holding unit 2 in the front-rear direction (X direction). It has. The platform 20 includes a platform 21, a slide unit 25, and a movable platform 22. The holding unit main body 4 is fixed to the movable table 22, and the movable table 22 is installed on the table 21 via a slide unit 25 that can slide on the table 21, so that it can move in the front-rear direction (X direction). It is. The drive unit 30 includes a servo motor 31 and a moving shaft 32. The moving shaft 32 is a ball screw, for example, and expands and contracts in the front-rear direction (X direction) when the servo motor 31 rotates.
Since the moving shaft 32 is fixed to the moving table 22 of the pedestal unit 20, the grindstone holding unit 2 supported by the moving table 22 and the holding unit main body 4 fixed to the moving table 22 in the front-rear direction by the rotation of the servo motor 31. Moving.

The grindstone holding unit 2 further includes a pin 6 that limits the rotational movement of the movable body 5 and an elastic member that is a positioning means for positioning and fixing the movable body 5 at an arbitrary predetermined position with the rotation locked (fixed). It has a body 7 and an air cylinder 14 that moves the elastic body 7 in the vertical direction (Z direction). In the present embodiment, the elastic body 7 presses the movable body 5 in one direction and locks its rotation.
Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece holder 3 holds an external gear 10 that is a workpiece, but can be moved so as to vibrate in the front-rear direction (X direction) by a driving device (not shown). .

Next, operation | movement of the gear grinding apparatus 1 of the said embodiment is demonstrated.
First, the grindstone 9 is attached to the movable body 5 with the center being aligned with the grindstone axis (B). The grindstone 9 is held by a known method such as clamping by a movable body 5 or bolt fixing. Next, the external gear 10 is attached and fixed to the workpiece holding and holding part 3 so as to be coaxial with the grindstone shaft. This fixing method may be a known method such as clamping or bolt fixing. Next, the movable body 5 is advanced in the direction of the external gear 10 by the servo motor 31 and combined with the external gear 10 which is a workpiece.

  At this time, it is conceivable that the teeth of the workpiece 10 and the teeth of the grindstone 9 interfere with each other, but the end face of the workpiece 10 hits the chamfer of the grindstone 9, and the combination becomes possible by rotating the grindstone 9 a little. . This state will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 2, since the pin 6 is accommodated in an oval opening 16 provided in the movable body 5, there is play that allows the movable body 5 to rotate around the axis B. When the grindstone 9 and the workpiece 10 interfere, the movable body 5 is rotated by this play, the grindstone 9 is rotated a little, and the grindstone 9 and the workpiece 10 are combined. The pin 6 and the opening 16 prevent the movable body 5 from rotating more than necessary and prevents the correspondence between the teeth of the magnet 9 and the corresponding teeth of the external gear 10 from shifting. Restrict. In the present embodiment, the rotation angle of the grindstone 9 shown in FIG. 3 is preferably within about 10 degrees, but the present invention is not limited to this. In order to position the grindstone 9 and the external gear 10 in an appropriately combined state, the elastic body 7 as a positioning means is lowered in the Z direction by the air cylinder 14 and presses the movable body 5 to move the movable body. Lock the rotation of 5. Thus, the elastic body 7 operates as a positioning means for the movable body 5, that is, the grindstone 9.

  Next, while the grindstone 9 held by the movable body 5 is advanced by the servo motor 31, the external gear 10 as the workpiece is vibrated in the front-rear direction by the workpiece holding portion 3 as described above, and the external teeth The gear 10 is finished. As shown in FIG. 5B, the grindstone 9 includes a roughing portion 91 (outer diameter is tapered) and a finish portion 92 (outer diameter is parallel) in the axial direction. When passing through the gear 10 with relative vibration, all the tooth shapes can be subjected to finish grinding at the same time with complete precision by sequentially performing roughing and finishing. The state of processing by the gear grinding apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is shown in FIGS. In FIG. 7, the grindstone 9 moves from the state of the solid line of the external gear 10 at the start of machining to the state of the one-dot chain line at the end of machining. In this way, the workpiece 10 is ground by the grindstone 9.

Next, effects and operations of the above embodiment will be described.
The following effects can be expected from the gear grinding apparatus 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
-With the above configuration, that is, in particular, when the movable body is rotatable, in the combination of the teeth of the workpiece and the teeth of the grindstone, the teeth of the workpiece and the teeth of the grindstone cannot interfere and combine. By the chamfering of the grindstone end face, a rotational force acts on the grindstone, and the grindstone rotates to normally combine the teeth of the workpiece and the grindstone teeth.
In addition, since the fixed body is provided, the positional relationship between the grindstone and the workpiece can be fixed during grinding, and the tooth shape of the grindstone can be accurately transferred to the workpiece.
-When the above-mentioned action is effective, that is, when the movable body is rotatable and the fixed body is provided, when grinding all the teeth of one gear at the same time, the grindstone and the workpiece are surely obtained. The processing time can be shortened and the tooth shape accuracy can be secured.

In the gear grinding apparatus 1 according to the embodiment described above, relative vibration in the front-rear direction between the grindstone 9 and the external gear 10 that is the work piece is caused by the work piece holding unit 3 on the work piece side in the front-rear direction. Although implemented by being driven by vibration, the portion on the grindstone side may be driven by vibration.
The relative movement in the front-rear direction of the grindstone 9 with respect to the workpiece 10 is performed by driving the grindstone holding portion 2 on the grindstone side by the servo motor 31, but the portion on the workpiece side is driven to work. It may be carried out by moving the object 10.

  In the embodiment described above or shown in the accompanying drawings, the gear grinding apparatus 1 is described as a horizontal type (the grindstone 9 and the workpiece 10 are aligned in the horizontal direction) that move in the horizontal direction. The apparatus may be a vertical type in which the grindstone 9 and the workpiece 10 are substantially aligned in the vertical direction.

In the above-described embodiment, the movement of the grindstone holding unit 2 in the front-rear direction is performed by a combination of the servo motor 31 and the ball screw moving shaft 32. It may be implemented by a mechanism.
Further, as a positioning means for the movable body 5, a mechanism by an elastic body 7 that presses the movable body 5 from above is described. However, various other known methods such as pinning, clamping, and pressing from the front are described. Fixing means may be employed.

  The above-described embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, and is defined only by matters described in the claims, and other embodiments are also possible. It can be implemented.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a gear grinding apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 for explaining the position adjustment of the grindstone in the circumferential direction by the pins. FIG. 4 is a front view of the external gear 10 which is a workpiece in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a front view (a) and a side sectional view (b) of the grindstone 9 for processing the external gear 10 which is a workpiece in the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view showing a state of processing by the gear grinding apparatus 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 7 is a side view showing a state of processing by the gear grinding apparatus 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a side view of a conventional gear grinding apparatus 50. FIG. 9 is an external view of the gear grinding apparatus 50 of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gear grinding apparatus 2 ... Grinding wheel holding part 3 ... Workpiece holding part 4 ... Holding part main body 5 ... Movable body 6 ... Pin 7 ... Elastic body 8 ... Fixed body 9 ... Grinding wheel 10 ... External gear (workpiece)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Rotary shaft 12 ... Bearing 14 ... Air cylinder 20 ... Base part 21 ... Base 22 ... Moving base 25 ... Slide part 30 ... Drive part 31 ... Servo motor 32 ... Moving shaft

Claims (7)

At least a grindstone holding portion for holding a grindstone for grinding the workpiece, and a workpiece holding portion for holding the workpiece, wherein the grindstone holding portion and the workpiece holding portion are relatively In a gear grinding apparatus that grinds the workpiece by moving at least one of the grindstone holding portion or the workpiece holding portion while reciprocally vibrating to the workpiece,
The grindstone holding part is
A holding unit body as a base;
A movable body rotatably supported by the holding portion main body;
A pin for limiting the rotational movement of the movable body;
Positioning means capable of positioning and holding the movable body at an arbitrary predetermined position in a state where the rotation of the movable body is locked.   The gear grinding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the positioning unit is an elastic body that presses the movable body to one side.   The gear grinding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the elastic body presses the movable body to one side by being moved by a pneumatic cylinder.   The gear grinding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a fixed body that fixes the movable body to the holding portion main body is provided.   5. The gear grinding apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a drive device that linearly reciprocates the grindstone holding portion toward the workpiece.   The gear grinding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the workpiece is a gear.   The gear grinding apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the grindstone has the same number of teeth as the gear that is the workpiece.

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