JP2005325090A - Plant growth regulator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for regulating plant growth, which is readily handled and highly safe even in administration for a long period of time. <P>SOLUTION: The method for regulating plant growth comprises using a natural monosaccharide such as D-glucose or D-fructose as a differentiation-promoting agent for promoting differentiation of an auxiliary bud or a flower bud of a plant. Since the natural monosaccharide exhibits phytohormone-like action effect, the monosaccharide promotes differentiation of the auxiliary bud or the flower bud of strawberry as a differentiation-promoting agent containing the active ingredient amount of the natural monosaccharide and increases a fruition amount. The natural monosaccharide promotes development of the auxiliary bud of Nabana (brassicaceous vegetable). Consequently, the natural monosaccharide is confirmed to be useful as the active ingredient of a plant growth regulator exhibiting the phytohormone-like action effect. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for regulating plant growth that promotes the differentiation of plant lateral eyes or flower buds.

  Auxins and gibberellins, which were discovered and identified as natural substances in the 1930s, were found to have a very small amount of unique plant physiology, and were established as plant hormones. Since such plant hormones promote the growth and differentiation of plants themselves, they are necessary for plant production as well as insecticides that protect plants from external enemies such as pests.

  As such a naturally occurring plant hormone, five types of auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid have been confirmed. Such plant hormones are originally organic substances produced in the body of plants, but hormone-like substances with similar composition and similar action can be synthesized by artificial chemical control methods. It is also used as a preparation in agriculture and horticulture, and it is customarily called a plant hormone including these preparations in product distribution and production sites.

  These plant hormones have effects on germination, rooting, elongation, flower bud formation, fruit set, side bud differentiation, flower bud differentiation, morphogenesis reaction, etc., and are widely used as plant growth regulators ( For example, refer nonpatent literatures 1 and 2.).

  For example, gibberellin is a plant hormone discovered by research on rice sapling seedling fungus that significantly increases rice, and it has the effect of promoting plant growth and growth, and has the effect of partless as a result of parthenogenesis. It is used for grape seed-free.

  This gibberellin is also used to promote flowering of flower buds (flower bud differentiation) and fruit enlargement of fruits and vegetables, such as strawberry, honey bee, celery, burdock, udder, cucumber, tulip, cyclamen, primula, Miyakowasle, summer chrysanthemum, silane, western It is used for rhododendrons. In addition, ethoxetate, an auxin, is used to promote fruit enlargement of greenhouse melons. In addition, Ethephon, a cytokinin, is used to promote fruiting and flowering of bromeliads and pineapples, and benzyladenine is used to promote germination, flowering, and increase the number of bulbs such as roses, orchids, cactus, and cyclamen. In addition, forchlorfenuron is used for promoting fruit set of melon (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4).

  On the other hand, foliar spraying is performed by spraying various chemicals on the foliage of plants, and foliar sprays containing oligosaccharides as active ingredients are proposed as such foliar sprays. By causing the agent to act immediately before harvesting in the latter half of the ripening period of wheat, the yield and quality of wheat can be increased (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  In addition, a rice ripening cultivation method that can increase the yield and quality of rice by applying a foliar spray agent containing fructose-containing saccharides to vinegar immediately before the harvest time has been proposed (for example, (See Patent Document 2).

  In addition, for relatively expensive fruit and vegetables such as strawberries, various methods for promoting differentiation of flower buds have been studied for a long time (see, for example, Patent Documents 3-5).

  In patent document 3, the differentiation promotion apparatus which can accelerate | stimulate the flower bud differentiation of a strawberry by changing sunshine conditions is proposed.

  Patent Document 4 proposes a method for promoting bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings by adjusting the temperature of the seedling bed.

  Patent Document 5 discloses a method for promoting flower bud differentiation that promotes flower bud differentiation of strawberry seedlings by using high test molasses and / or isomerized sugar in the soil in which the strawberry is growing.

  Recently, it has been proposed to improve the quality, yield, and viability by administering glucose to plants (see, for example, Patent Document 6).

On the other hand, natural monosaccharides such as D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose and D-ribose are widely used in plants as energy storage materials and cytoskeleton components. Distributed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3). These natural monosaccharides are well known to play a role as an energy source and cell wall material, and are widely used as sweeteners, but clearly have a phytohormonal action. is not.
JP-A-9-322647 JP-A-10-191790 Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-18853 JP-A-4-183331 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-169641 JP 2002-125466 A Ota Yasuo, “Utilizing Plant Hormones-How to Use Growth Regulators (17th printing)” published by the Norinsan Fishing Village Cultural Association, September 25, 1995, P.26-39 Published by Ryohei Taguchi, “Plant Physiology Summary (2nd edition after revision)”, published by Yokendo, October 20, 1975, pages 222-249 Published by Ryohei Taguchi, “Plant Physiology Summary (2nd edition after revised edition)” published by Yokendo, October 20, 1975, pages 172-186 Nobutaka Takahashi and Yoshio Masuda “Plant Hormone Handbook 2” published by Baifukan, April 30, 1994, pages 412, 414, 422-423

  The plant hormones currently used are multifaceted and complex in their action, and there are problems such as the effect being reversed depending on the concentration used, and sufficient caution is required for their use. For this reason, the functions of plant hormones are well known, but their use is limited at the production site of agricultural products. In addition, many of the plant hormones currently used are artificially chemically synthesized, and harmful effects caused by using them in large quantities in the field have been pointed out.

  Therefore, there is a demand for a plant growth regulator that has a phytohormonal action related to plant growth and differentiation, is easy to handle, and has high safety even when administered over a long period of time.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating plant growth that is easy to handle and highly safe even when administered over a long period of time.

  As a result of intensive studies to provide a plant growth control method that is easy to handle and administers over a long period of time, the present inventors have found that D-glucose and D-fructose are plant hormone-like. It has been found that it can be used as an active ingredient for promoting the differentiation of flower buds and side buds. Since both D-glucose and D-fructose are natural monosaccharides, they are easy to handle. In addition, since it is metabolized or biodegraded in nature, it is highly safe to administer over a long period of time. Here, since this D-glucose is classified into an aldose having an aldehyde group in the molecule, and D-fructose is classified into a ketose having a ketone group in the molecule, differentiation promotion of these flower buds or side buds is performed. The action has been widely estimated to have the same action effect even with natural monosaccharides.

  Therefore, the present invention is a method for regulating plant growth, comprising administering natural monosaccharides in an effective amount as a differentiation promoting substance that promotes the differentiation of plant side buds or flower buds.

  According to the present invention, by using a natural monosaccharide as an active ingredient of a differentiation promoting substance, it is possible to provide a method for regulating plant growth that is easy to handle and highly safe even when administered over a long period of time. it can.

  Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

  First, the plant growth regulation method of the present invention is characterized in that natural monosaccharides are administered in an effective amount as a differentiation promoting substance that promotes the differentiation of plant side buds or flower buds.

  This natural monosaccharide has a plant hormone-like action effect, and can be used as a differentiation promoting agent that promotes differentiation of a side bud or a flower bud of a plant or a differentiation promoting agent composition containing the same.

  Examples of natural monosaccharides exhibiting such plant hormone-like effects include aldoses such as D-glucose and ketoses such as D-fructose. Any type of natural monosaccharide is effective as a plant growth regulator (differentiation promoting substance) that exhibits a plant hormone-like action effect.

  Since such a natural monosaccharide exhibits a plant hormone-like action effect, the growth of the plant can be regulated by supplying it to the plant in the form of a differentiation promoting agent composition containing a very small effective amount. The form of such a differentiation promoter composition may be any of liquid, paste, wettable powder, granule, powder, tablet and the like.

  Various methods can be employed as a method for supplying such a differentiation promoter composition to plants. For example, it can supply in the state contained in the various fertilizers of a powder agent or a granule. A diluted aqueous solution (which may contain fertilizer components and other drugs) can also be sprayed directly on plants such as leaves, stems and fruits. In addition, the differentiation promoter composition may be supplied after being diluted and mixed in a method of pouring into the soil, hydroponics, or hydroponic liquid that is in contact with the root, such as rock wool.

  Furthermore, it can be used not only for cultivation in a field but also for tissue culture and seedling such as production of meliclon seedling. In such tissue culture, a method in which an effective amount is added to various media can be used.

  For example, by containing an effective amount of a natural monosaccharide as a differentiation promoting agent in an appropriate medium, plant growth can be regulated by culturing a plant at a young age. As this medium, MS medium is exemplified, but other LS medium and hyponex medium may be used.

  The plant growth can also be regulated by foliar spraying in various drugs or water in an effective amount as a differentiation promoter for this natural monosaccharide.

  Here, the “plant” in the present invention broadly includes those that can be recognized from the word of the plant itself, vegetables, fruits, fruit trees, grains, seeds, bulbs, flowers, herbs (herbs), taxonomic plants, and the like. To do.

  Examples of plants applicable to the present invention include cucumbers, pumpkins, watermelons, melons, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, peppers, strawberries, okra, sweet beans, broad beans, peas, green beans, corn, and the like. For leafy vegetables, Chinese cabbage, tsukena, chinensai, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, navana, me cabbage, onion, leeks, garlic, chrysanthemum, leek, asparagus, lettuce, salad, celery, spinach, garlic, parsley, honey bee, celery, udo , Myoga, buffalo, perilla and herbs. Examples of root vegetables include radish, turnip, burdock, carrot, potato, taro, sweet potato, yam, ginger, lotus root, and wasabi. In addition, it can be used for rice, wheat, flowering plants, fruit trees, and the like.

Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
(Example 1)
[Materials and methods]
Strawberry (variety name: Smile Ruby) seedlings obtained aseptically by growth point culture were subjected to experiments. Strawberries were transplanted aseptically in mid-October using a half-concentrated MS medium supplemented with 0.1% (w / v) D-glucose, then at 25 ° C. and 5,000 lux (12 hours a day) Cultivation was performed in the long culture chamber.

  After 14 weeks, the growth conditions, the number of side buds, the leaf area, and the root length of the above-ground part and the underground part were investigated, and the influence of glucose in the strawberry tissue culture medium was examined. The results are shown in Table 1 as average values of five strains.

[Results and discussion]
The D-glucose added group exceeded all the survey items except the root length as compared with the non-added group as the control group. From this, side bud formation and growth were promoted by adding D-glucose to the medium. In particular, it has been confirmed that it has a cytokinin-like action of promoting side bud formation, and has been found to be useful for the growth of strawberry seedlings.

Most of the primary seedlings used in strawberry cultivation today are tissue culture seedlings that have been virus-free by tissue culture. Therefore, it was confirmed that the side bud formation promotion effect and the growth promotion effect of strawberry seedlings by D-glucose were clarified, which was effective for shortening the culture period, improving the culture efficiency, and consequently increasing the production of strawberry seedlings. .
(Example 2)
[Materials and methods]
Strawberries (variety name: Smile Ruby) were subjected to the experiment.

  Strawberries are planted in pots and cultivated in a glass greenhouse from mid-February, and water or 0.5% (w / v) D-glucose solution is sprayed on the entire plant surface three times a week. Two pots were cultivated for the test area. While continuing cultivation, the number of fruits, fruit weight, and sugar content that were able to be harvested after 6 weeks were measured, and the effects of sugar on strawberry fruits were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[Results and discussion]
The number of fruits that could be harvested during the cultivation period increased from 25 to 29 by foliar application of D-glucose. The average fruit weight was also increased from 13.5 g to 16.3 g by spraying D-glucose. As a result, the total weight of fruits that could be harvested during the cultivation period increased from 337.8 g to 472.8 g by spraying D-glucose.

  From this, it was clarified that the number of fruits and the weight of the fruit can be increased by spraying D-glucose on the strawberry, which is effective in increasing the yield.

The above results indicate that D-glucose has a phytohormone action such as gibberellin-like action and auxin-like action on strawberries and is effective in promoting the differentiation of flower buds, and thus contributes to an increase in the yield of strawberries. It was confirmed that it was possible.
(Example 3)
[Materials and methods]
Nabana is a cruciferous vegetable that harvests and uses the florets. The same kind of vegetables include broccoli and cauliflower, which are important horticultural crops. For these vegetables, flower bud development has a large impact on yield. Therefore, the sugar solution with a concentration of 0.5% (w / v) was sprayed on the foliage during house cultivation of Navana (variety name: Spring Ichiban), and the effects on growth and flower bud development were investigated.

  Navana seeds were sown in a 128-well cell tray in late October and grown for about 20 days. The seedlings were planted by double row planting of 40 cm between the stocks and 50 cm between the streaks in an isolation bed filled with cultivation soil “Flower and Vegetable Soil” (Kurokawa Seed Garden). Cultivation was carried out using a simple hydroponic soil culture method, and a 2,000-fold dilution of Hyponex was irrigated for about 1 hour a day using an infusion tube. Cultivation was carried out in an unheated vinyl greenhouse with side windows open.

  After planting, water and a 0.5% (w / v) sugar solution were sprayed over the entire strain three times a week from the day after 5 weeks. As sugar types, D-glucose and D-fructose were used, and five strains were cultivated for each test section. After 4 months of sowing, a harvest survey was conducted on the 3 medium strains. The survey items were plant height, number of side buds and top bud weight, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[Results and discussion]
As a result of the rapeseed cultivation test, the plant height generally tends to be larger in both the D-glucose spray zone and the D-fructose spray zone than the control water spray zone (water). there were. Moreover, the number of side buds increased remarkably in the D-fructose spraying zone.

  From the above results, it was revealed that the application of D-fructose to foliar during the cultivation process of nabana showed a cytokinin-like action such as promotion of growth and flower bud development (side bud development).

  As a result, it is possible to increase the yield in the case of a crop that harvests florets from a cruciferous plant such as nabana. Broccoli and cauliflower can be exemplified as other cruciferous plants that increase the number of florets and lead to an increase in yield, and it is expected that similar effects can be obtained with these plants.

Claims (7)

  A plant growth regulation method comprising administering a natural monosaccharide to a plant in an effective amount as a differentiation promoting substance that promotes differentiation of a side bud or a flower bud of a plant.   The plant growth regulation method according to claim 1, wherein the natural monosaccharide is D-glucose or D-fructose.   A plant growth regulation method comprising culturing a plant in an infancy using a medium containing a natural monosaccharide in an effective amount as a differentiation promoting substance.   A plant growth regulation method comprising foliar spraying a drug or an aqueous solution containing a natural monosaccharide in an effective amount as a differentiation promoting substance.   A method for regulating plant growth, wherein an effective amount of D-glucose is used for promoting differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings.   A method for regulating plant growth, wherein an effective amount of D-glucose is used for promoting differentiation of side buds of strawberry seedlings.   A method for regulating plant growth, wherein an effective amount of D-fructose is used for promoting differentiation of side buds of cruciferous plants.