JP2005318897A - Method and device for cultivation on lake and pond - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cultivation method enabling cultivation of inexpensive off-season agricultural products having high commercial values while cleansing water, and performing extermination measures of alien fish. <P>SOLUTION: The cultivation method for the agricultural products comprises using temperature difference between a sea surface and a ground part and growing the products by hydroponic culture while cleansing water. As a result, it is possible to easily cultivate the agricultural products easily causing hot temperature damage in summer or low temperature damage in winter and to efficiently exterminate alien fish by an inexpensive method. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cultivating agricultural crops on a cropped floor installed on a lake pond using unique weather conditions of a wide water surface such as a lake pond surface.

Traditionally, off-season crops such as summer daikon radish are susceptible to viral infections that cannot be controlled with pesticides at high temperatures, so only in certain summer-cooled areas where high-temperature damage at the foot of Mt. Fuji and Shinshu does not occur. Could not produce. In addition, Kikuna and the like match winter dishes, so there is much demand in winter, but they are vulnerable to cold and require expensive cultivation facilities such as expensive house cultivation that burns and heats oil or hydroponics in the house. , Was pressing the management of the farmer.
On the other hand, in recent years, the importance of fresh water has been screamed worldwide due to the importance of food production, but purification of water has not been developed to generate profits while spending a lot of money.
In addition, native fish and local endemic species were significantly reduced by exotic fish, destroying ecosystems and driving down fishermen.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for cultivating an out-of-season crop at a low price and a high commercial value at a low cost. A device for exterminating specific fish species (eg, alien species) will be installed.

As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has conducted cultivation on the lake pond using the unique weather conditions of the wide water surface such as the lake pond surface and the temperature difference from the above-ground part. Knowing that out-of-season crops can be cultivated at low cost and easily (so-called eco-agriculture), it is possible to purify water and reduce the density of unwanted alien fish, and harvest The present invention was completed through repeated examinations of merits such as a long period and an increased yield.
In addition, the floating material and support body which install a planting apparatus on a lake pond surface can be arbitrarily selected by the kind of plant to plant, a magnitude | size, expense, and lifetime, and are not limited.

That is, the present invention
(1) A method for cultivating crops on lakes and ponds, characterized in that water has a large specific heat, a small temperature change, and is grown by hydroponics using the temperature difference from the above-ground part of the water surface that is warm in winter and cool in summer (2) Cultivate crops that are prone to high-temperature damage in summer or low-temperature damage in winter. (3) The cultivation method on the lake and pond as described in (1) above. Cultivation equipment on lake ponds for crops characterized by having a membrane isolation wall and planting base material that does not allow the fertilizer dissolved in water to pass through. (4) The planting base material is short of cedar, cypress, hiba or eucalyptus bark. Utilizing 1 type or 2 or more types selected from fiber products, reeds and stems of reed wood, and pulverized coconut husks (5) Fish species specific habits and / or body size And attach a device to capture the specific fish species at the bottom of the planting Serial (3) there is provided a lake Ikegami culture apparatus according.

(1) Since the temperature difference with the above-ground part (land) which the water surface has is utilized, the crop which tends to generate | occur | produce the high temperature disorder | damage | failure in summer or the low temperature disorder | damage in winter can be cultivated at low cost and easily.
(2) The device for cultivation on the lake pond of the present invention has a membrane isolation wall that isolates the planting root system part and allows water to pass through but does not allow the fertilizer dissolved in the water of the root system part to pass through. On the other hand, since water is supplied from the lake pond, watering effort and cost can be reduced.
(3) Plants that are planted are eutrophic salts from water, for example, potash, phosphorus, and chisso are fertilizers for plants, and magnesum, manganese, calcium, iron, etc. become trace elements and absorb them. Plants grow and purify water. These eutrophic salts are difficult to remove from water and are expensive, so this economic effect is great.
(4) By using a fish species-specific habit and / or body size, by attaching a device that captures specific fish species at the bottom of the planting, it is possible to reduce the density of alien fish with large unnecessary body shapes. .

  In the present specification, the term “agricultural crops” refers to crops such as vegetables, flowers, rice, fruit trees, seaweeds, etc., and all crops used for food, preference or appreciation are collectively referred to as crops. In particular, the cultivation of summer crops such as Japanese radish, Chinese cabbage, and spinach, which tend to cause high temperature damage in summer, and kikuna, lettuce, parsley, etc. that are likely to cause low temperature damage in winter are preferable. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and it is close to the spring climate because it is cool in the summer and warm in the winter.

  The lake pond cultivation apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a membrane isolation wall that allows water to pass but does not allow the fertilizer dissolved in the water of the root system portion to pass is installed. A semipermeable membrane or the like is used as such a membrane.

  In the lake pond cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the planting base material is usually planted. As such a planting base material, natural soil that is usually used is not preferred because it makes the lake water and pond cloudy, and it is not perishable with fibers that do not flow out from the mesh, and can be used as a planting base material repeatedly and repeatedly. It has the effect of killing rotting fungi, has the advantage of not causing root rot even when immersed in water, and does not release saccharides, does not eutrophicate water, and is lightweight, and it is light weight cedar, cypress, hiba or Eucalyptus bark short fibers, reed stems, leaves and roots, coconut shells and the like are preferred. These can be prepared, for example, according to the method described in JP-A No. 2001-075563. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Alternatively, pearlite, diatomaceous earth, pumice, etc. can be used in combination.

  The material of the device itself can be selected arbitrarily. The floater is preferably made of styrene foam, urethane foam, etc. that is less rust resistant, inexpensive and lightweight. In addition, as a place which can install the cultivation apparatus of this invention, if it has a wide water surface, it will not specifically limit, Not only a lake and a pond but a swamp, a dam, a river, etc. may be sufficient. Since the sea level is high in salinity, it is limited to the cultivation of plants that do not cause salt damage.

  In addition, since fish easily gather under the lake pond cultivation device of the present invention, it is more efficient to attach a device for capturing a specific fish species at the bottom of the planting using the fish species-specific habits and / or body size. I can capture it. It is easy to select even if native species such as moths and moths with a large system are mixed with large oriental species aimed at large alien species, and only native species can be treated appropriately.

Examples will now be described. The present invention is not limited to these.
[Example 1]
Kikuna and green onion green pea seedlings are planted in the planting method A, planted at the end of November in Lake Nishino, Shiga Prefecture, where eutrophic components flow, and harvested until the end of May.
[Example 2]
Planting method C type (semi-permeable membrane installed), processed material in the short fiber form of reed wood and cedar bark as planting base material, mixed with Kikuna, leek and green peas at the end of November, green as fertilizer Energy (the environmental technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Publisher Obayashi) fertilized the 1m ² per 80g, floated in a big pond, were harvested until the end of May.
[Example 3]
Millet millet, millet, millet and medicinal plants Chisso, mugwort and herbs were planted in the planting method B type and installed on the lake.
[Example 4]
Planting method C type, cedar, cypress bark short fiber processed material as planting base material, seeded with radish, carrot, spinach, lettuce, saladna, tomato in June, installed on the lake, 7-9 Harvest on the moon.
[Example 5]
In the planting method D type, radish, carrot, spinach, tomato, lettuce, saladna seedlings were sown in June and harvested from July to December. During this time, we caught fish in the fish trapping chamber made of bamboo chin with a diameter of 6 cm, and divided it into native and exotic species so that fish with a head size of 6 cm or more could not come out.

[Control 1]
Plants of kikuna, leeks and green peas are planted in land fields near the cultivation on the lake of the present invention at the same time as in Examples 1 and 2 (end of November), and fertilizer is applied as usual, and harvested until the end of May. did.
[Control 2]
In the same June as in the examples, radish, carrot, spinach, lettuce, saladna, and tomato were sown on the land field near the cultivation on the lake pond of the present invention, and the fertilizer was fertilized as usual.

Test of plant death due to low temperature damage (cold damage) caused by cultivation of various plants and pathogenesis and growth damage due to high temperature damage [Test Example 1]
The cultivation test by the cultivation according to the present invention and the land portion not belonging to the present invention is carried out, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Consideration of cultivation test results of various plants

In the cultivation test of various plants, in contrast to the control group not belonging to the present invention, the product of the present invention clearly showed excellent results in both low temperature damage and high temperature damage.
(1) The plant according to the present invention did not suffer from low temperature damage in various plants and grew well. The reason was that it was warm as the minimum temperature showed even in the severe winter season, and it did not become negative as in the control zone. Also, in early spring (April), due to a sudden rise in temperature, the green onions stood up in the control zone, the green peas were growing, and the green onions and green peas were not harvested in May. Continued.
(2) Various plants according to the present invention grew well without being damaged by high temperature. The reason for this was that even in the midsummer when the heat was extremely high, the maximum planting surface temperature was as low as 27-26 ° C, which was significantly different from the 44 ° C control group. For this reason, radishes that are not susceptible to heat, etc. grew smoothly, and diseases that were difficult to control such as Viras's disease did not occur. Although tomatoes are summer crops, they are actually plants that are vulnerable to high temperatures of 30 ° C. or higher, but the present invention is a crop with a large yield and a large profit rate. The control radish, which does not belong to the present invention, took 100% of Vilas disease and could not be harvested at all.
(3) Moreover, in Example 5, fish with a head size of 6 cm or more could be captured, of which 80% of the foreign fish could be selected and removed easily.
Furthermore, the water necessary for the growth of various plants is supplied from the lake pond freely and unlimitedly at a very low cost. This water contains various trace elements in addition to the three major fertilizers of chisso, phosphorus and potash, which are important for plants as eutrophication salts, and these uses can save fertilizers. , Generating the benefits of purifying water. Moreover, it may be an open field cultivation, and if the vinyl cover or Kanreisha is installed on it, the effect of the present invention can be reinforced more efficiently and inexpensively. In addition, various measures can be taken freely as measures against strong winds, heavy rains, and large waves.

An example of the planting method of this invention is shown, and is a side view of an apparatus. An example of the planting method of this invention is shown, and is a perspective view of an apparatus. It is a side view of the apparatus of this invention. It is a side view of the apparatus of this invention which attached the apparatus which captures specific fish species to the planting bottom part.

Explanation of symbols

(1) Water surface (2) Floating support (3) Plant (4) Water flow direction (5) Planting base material (6) Planting base material soaked in water (7) Membrane or water impervious to fertilizer Entry point ▲ 8 ▼ Evaporation of water ▲ 9 ▼ Eli, throat and fish gear principle (Large fish once passed cannot be taken out)
▲ 10 ▼ Fish trapping room where fish with a head over a certain size can't come out ▲ 11 ▼ Fish entrance explanation Fish that passed the entrance size of ▲ 11 ▼ passes through the entrance that opens the size of ▲ 11 ▼, Enter the fish catch room. The fish that entered the fish catching room returned to (11), and large fish larger than the small exit size cannot escape to the outside.

Claims (5)

  Cultivation apparatus and / or cultivation method for crops on lake pond characterized by growing by hydroponics using a temperature difference from the above-ground part of the water surface   The cultivation method on a lake pond according to claim 1 cultivating a crop that is susceptible to high temperature damage in summer or low temperature damage in winter.   A plant cultivation device on a lake pond characterized by having a membrane isolation wall and planting base material that isolates the planting root system part and allows water to pass but does not allow the fertilizer dissolved in the root system part water to pass through.   4. The lake pond according to claim 3, wherein the planting base material is one or more selected from cedar, cypress, hiba or eucalyptus bark short fibers, reed stems and roots and coconut shells. Cultivation equipment   The device for cultivating on lake pond according to claim 3, wherein a device for capturing a specific fish species is attached to the planting bottom using fish species specific habits and / or body size.

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