JP2005314282A - Microbicide/fertilizer for seedling-growing culture soil, culture soil for growing seedling using the same, and method for growing seedling - Google Patents
Microbicide/fertilizer for seedling-growing culture soil, culture soil for growing seedling using the same, and method for growing seedling Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、稲、野菜、花卉、果樹等の育苗用培土の殺菌剤および肥料に関する。また、それを用いた育苗用培土および育苗方法に係わるものである。 The present invention relates to a fungicide and a fertilizer for growing seedlings such as rice, vegetables, flower buds and fruit trees. Further, the present invention relates to a seedling culture medium and a seedling method using the same.
従来から、稲、野菜、花卉、果樹等の栽培において、苗半作と言われるように、苗の良否が植物の品質を大きく作用するため、健全な苗の育成は非常に重要視されている。とくに、土壌伝染性あるいは種子伝染性等の様々な病原菌による病害を発生させないことが必要である。そのため、播種時、鉢上げ時、移植時等に農薬を散布する方法が用いられている。ここで用いられる農薬の形状としては、粒剤、粉剤、乳剤、水和剤、フロアブル剤等がある。 Traditionally, in the cultivation of rice, vegetables, flower buds, fruit trees, and so on, as it is said to be a seedling half crop, the quality of the seedlings greatly affects the quality of the plant. . In particular, it is necessary not to cause diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria such as soil infectivity or seed infectivity. Therefore, a method of spraying agricultural chemicals at the time of sowing, potting, transplanting, etc. is used. Examples of the shape of the agricultural chemical used here include granules, powders, emulsions, wettable powders, and flowables.
水和剤、フロアブル、乳剤等については、残効性が短い、薬害を生じやすい、作業者の健康被害の恐れがあるといった問題がある。そこで、農薬活性成分をアセトン、メタノール等の溶剤に溶解し、水溶性紙に含浸させ、これで育苗箱を処理する方法が提案されているが（例えば特許文献１参照）、これは紙様物の敷設等の煩雑な作業を要するし、また溶剤が揮発しやすく使用時に十分な薬効が得られにくいなどの問題がある。 With respect to wettable powder, flowable, emulsion, etc., there are problems such as short residual effect, prone to phytotoxicity, and risk of health hazard for workers. Thus, a method has been proposed in which an agrochemical active ingredient is dissolved in a solvent such as acetone or methanol, impregnated in water-soluble paper, and the seedling box is treated with this (see, for example, Patent Document 1). There is a problem that complicated work such as laying is required, and the solvent is volatile and it is difficult to obtain a sufficient medicinal effect at the time of use.
また、農薬活性成分を特定の溶剤に溶解又は懸濁させた液状物を珪砂、軽石などの粒状体に担持させたものを施用した土壌を用いる方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献２参照）。しかし、この方法においても長期間安定した薬効は得られにくい。また、農薬活性成分として有機系薬剤を用いているため、作業者の健康被害や環境汚染問題は解決されない。 Moreover, the method of using the soil which applied what carried the liquid substance which melt | dissolved or suspended the agrochemical active ingredient in the specific solvent on the granular materials, such as quartz sand and pumice, is proposed (for example, refer patent document 2). . However, even in this method, it is difficult to obtain a long-term stable medicinal effect. In addition, since organic chemicals are used as an agrochemical active ingredient, health problems and environmental pollution problems of workers cannot be solved.
種子伝染性の細菌性病害であるイネ褐条病に対して、カスガマインを有効成分とする薬剤が用いられているが、カスガマイシン低感受性菌の出現により、安定した効果が得られなくなるという問題がある。これに対して、カスガマイシンまたはその塩類とプロベナゾールとを特定の割合で配合した殺菌組成物を、稲の育苗箱の播種時に処理する方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献３参照）。これにより、土壌伝染性の糸状菌性病害および種子伝染性の糸状菌性病害および細菌性病害に対して有効に防除でき、またカスガマイシン低感受性菌によるイネ褐条病に対しても感受性菌による病害と同様の防除効果が得られている。しかし、残効性は十分でなく、また作業者の健康被害や環境汚染問題は解決されない。 For rice brown disease, which is a seed-borne bacterial disease, a drug containing kasugamain is used as an active ingredient, but there is a problem that stable effects cannot be obtained due to the appearance of kasugamycin hyposensitive bacteria. . On the other hand, a method for treating a bactericidal composition containing kasugamycin or a salt thereof and probenazole at a specific ratio at the time of sowing of a rice seedling box has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 3). This makes it possible to effectively control soil-borne fungal diseases and seed-borne fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, as well as rice brown streak caused by kasugamycin hyposensitive bacteria. The same control effect is obtained. However, the residual effect is not sufficient, and the health damage and environmental pollution problems of workers are not solved.
粒剤を育苗用培土に混和する方法も行われている。農薬を単純に粒状化させたものを育苗用培土に混和させた場合、施用後、すぐに薬剤が放出し残効性がない、また薬害が発生するといった問題がある。そこで、薬剤に徐放性を付与させる方法として、ポリオレフィン等の熱可塑性樹脂で被覆する方法が提案されている（例えば特許文献４参照）。この方法では、被覆剤である熱可塑性樹脂が残存する問題がある。 There is also a method in which the granule is mixed with the seedling culture medium. When a granulated pesticide is mixed with seedling culture soil, there is a problem in that the drug is released immediately after application and there is no residual effect, and phytotoxicity occurs. Therefore, as a method for imparting sustained release to a drug, a method of coating with a thermoplastic resin such as polyolefin has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 4). This method has a problem that the thermoplastic resin as the coating agent remains.
銀、銅、亜鉛などの金属が抗菌性能を有することは古くから知られている。銀イオンを含有する粒径が５０μｍ以下の溶解性ガラス粉末を樹脂繊維素材中に練り込んだものが報告されている（例えば特許文献５参照）。これは、繊維に抗菌性を付与するものである。
Ａｇ2Ｏを０．２〜５質量％、ＺｎＯを１〜５０質量％、Ｐ2Ｏ5を３０〜８０質量％、ＣａＯを１〜２０質量％、ＣｅＯ2を０．１〜５質量％含有する溶解性ガラスが報告されている（例えば特許文献６参照）。
また、Ｂ2Ｏ3を２０〜５０質量％、ＺｎＯを５０〜８０質量％、アルカリ土類金属酸化物を１０質量％以下、Ａｇ2Ｏを２質量％含有する溶解性ガラスが報告されている（例えば特許文献７参照）。
また、ＺｎＯを５０〜７０モル％、Ｂ2Ｏ3および／またはＰ2Ｏ5を２０〜５０モル％、Ａｌ2Ｏ3およびＺｒＯ2より選ばれる少なくとも１種以上を０．５〜１５モル％、アルカリ金属酸化物（Ｎａ2Ｏ）を５〜１０モル％およびＳｉＯ2を０〜２０モル％含有するものが報告されている（例えば特許文献８参照）。
これらのものは、溶解性ガラスすなわち抗菌ガラスの配合組成に関するものであり、育苗用培土について開示も示唆もない。
It has long been known that metals such as silver, copper and zinc have antibacterial performance. There has been reported one in which a soluble glass powder containing silver ions and having a particle size of 50 μm or less is kneaded into a resin fiber material (see, for example, Patent Document 5). This imparts antibacterial properties to the fibers.
0.2 to 5% by mass of Ag 2 O, 1 to 50% by mass of ZnO, 30 to 80% by mass of P 2 O 5 , 1 to 20% by mass of CaO, 0.1 to 5% by mass of CeO 2 A soluble glass has been reported (see, for example, Patent Document 6).
Further, a soluble glass containing 20 to 50% by mass of B 2 O 3 , 50 to 80% by mass of ZnO, 10% by mass or less of alkaline earth metal oxide, and 2% by mass of Ag 2 O has been reported. (For example, refer to Patent Document 7).
Further, the ZnO 50-70 mol%, B 2 O 3 and / or P 2 O 5 20 to 50 mol%, Al 2 O 3 and at least one or more chosen from ZrO 2 0.5 to 15 mol% , alkali metal oxide (Na 2 O) those 5-10 mol% and SiO 2 which contained 0-20 mole% have been reported (e.g., see Patent Document 8).
These are related to the compounding composition of soluble glass, that is, antibacterial glass, and there is no disclosure or suggestion of seedling culture soil.
抗菌性を有する金属化合物を農業用に用いるものとして、抗菌性能をもつイオンを溶出する銀、銅、亜鉛およびそれらの金属化合物の少なくとも１つを抗菌イオン源とし、この抗菌イオン源を吸着担持する炭酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、セラミックス材からなる担持体と、単結晶テトラポット状の三次元構造の酸化亜鉛ウイスカの三者を主体として配合した抗菌・防錆兼用剤を設置または混入した水耕栽培装置が報告されている（例えば、特許文献９参照）。
また、塩化錫などで処理した繊維品またはポリウレタンフォームを硝酸銀水溶液に浸漬して得た抗かび性および抗菌性付与材料を用いる水耕栽培における抗かび性および抗菌性付与材料が報告されている（例えば特許文献１０参照）。
A metal compound having antibacterial properties is used for agriculture, and silver, copper, zinc and at least one of those metal compounds eluting ions having antibacterial properties are used as an antibacterial ion source, and this antibacterial ion source is adsorbed and supported. Hydroponic cultivation equipment with antibacterial / rust preventive agent installed or mixed mainly composed of a carrier consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, ceramic material and three-dimensional structure zinc oxide whisker with single crystal tetrapot shape Has been reported (for example, see Patent Document 9).
In addition, antifungal and antibacterial property-imparting materials in hydroponics using antifungal and antibacterial property-imparting materials obtained by immersing fiber products or polyurethane foam treated with tin chloride in silver nitrate aqueous solution have been reported ( For example, see Patent Document 10).
育苗用培土には、肥料も必要である。速効性の肥料を用いた場合、追肥の必要があるため、施肥の省力化を図るため、肥料を被覆した緩効性肥料などが用いられている（例えば特許文献１１参照）。この場合も、被覆材料が残存する問題がある。
また、緩効性肥料として、溶解性ガラスを用いるものが提案されている（例えば特許文献１２、１３参照）。
これらのものは、病害予防に関して開示も示唆もない。
Fertilizer is also necessary for the seedling culture soil. When a fast-acting fertilizer is used, additional fertilization is required, so that a slow-acting fertilizer coated with a fertilizer is used in order to save labor for fertilization (see, for example, Patent Document 11). Also in this case, there is a problem that the coating material remains.
Moreover, what uses meltable glass as a slow-acting fertilizer is proposed (for example, refer patent documents 12 and 13).
These do not disclose or suggest disease prevention.
抗菌性金属イオンを含有する枸溶性ガラス粉末を、土壌、砂地の殺菌、農作物、芝生、植木、園芸用等の殺菌かつ肥料に用いることが提案されており、具体例として、溶性燐肥、及び珪酸質肥料が挙げられている（例えば特許文献１４参照）。この溶性燐肥の具体的組成として、実施例にＰ2Ｏ5−ＳｉＯ2−ＭｇＯ−ＣａＯ系カガラスにＡｇ2Ｏ及び／またはＣｕＯを添加したものが挙げられている。また、珪酸質肥料の具体例として珪酸カルシウム系ガラスが挙げられ、実施例にＭｇＯ−ＣａＯ−ＳｉＯ2−Ｂ2Ｏ3−ＭｎＯ2系カガラスにＡｇ2Ｏを添加したものが挙げられている。
Ｒ2Ｏ−ＲＯ−Ｐ2Ｏ3系ガラスにＡｇ2ＯまたはＣｕＯから選ばれた少なくとも１成分を含ませた可溶性ガラスで銀イオンまたは銅イオンの溶出量が限定されたものが園芸用組成物として用いることが報告されている（例えば特許文献１５参照）。なお、Ｒ2ＯはＮａ2Ｏ、Ｋ2Ｏ、Ｌｉ2Ｏを示し、ＲＯはＣａＯ、ＭｇＯを示す。
It has been proposed to use a solubilized glass powder containing antibacterial metal ions for soil and sand sterilization, crops, lawn, planting, horticultural sterilization and fertilizer. Silicic fertilizer is mentioned (for example, refer patent document 14). As a specific composition of this soluble phosphorous fertilizer, the examples include those obtained by adding Ag 2 O and / or CuO to P 2 O 5 —SiO 2 —MgO—CaO-based glass. Also, calcium silicate glass are mentioned as specific examples of the siliceous fertilizers, which was added Ag 2 O in MgO-CaO-SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -MnO 2 based Kagarasu is mentioned in the Examples.
A horticultural composition is a soluble glass in which at least one component selected from Ag 2 O or CuO is contained in R 2 O—RO—P 2 O 3 glass and the amount of elution of silver ions or copper ions is limited. It is reported that it is used as (see, for example, Patent Document 15). R 2 O represents Na 2 O, K 2 O, Li 2 O, and RO represents CaO, MgO.
○先行文献
本発明は、被覆剤等の不溶成分を含むことなしに、一剤で、薬害がなく、且つ効果的に緩効性の殺菌効果及び肥料効果を達成でき、しかも作業者への健康被害や環境汚染のない殺菌剤・肥料提供することを課題とするものである。 The present invention does not contain insoluble components such as a coating agent, is a single agent, has no phytotoxicity, can effectively achieve a slow-acting bactericidal effect and a fertilizer effect, and is harmful to the health and environment of workers It is an object to provide bactericides and fertilizers that are free from contamination.
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、酸化物換算の質量比で、ＳｉＯ2が１５〜６０％、Ｋ2Ｏが１０〜４０％およびＡｇ2Ｏが０．１〜５％に、Ｐ2Ｏ5が１０〜５０％および／またはＢ2Ｏ3が５〜５０％を含有するガラス質組成物が育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料として有効であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。また、当該ガラス質組成物にＭｎＯ2が０〜２％、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3が０〜３％、ＣｕＯが０〜１％、ＺｎＯが０〜１％、および／またはＭｏＯ3が０〜１％を含有するものが育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料として有効であることを見出し、本発明を完成するに到った。 The present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above problems, the mass ratio of the oxide equivalent, SiO 2 is 15 to 60%, K 2 O 10 to 40% and Ag 2 O 0.1 It is found that a vitreous composition containing 10 to 50% of P 2 O 5 and / or 5 to 50% of B 2 O 3 is effective as a disinfectant and fertilizer for raising seedling soil, The invention has been completed. Also, the glassy composition has MnO 2 of 0 to 2%, Fe 2 O 3 of 0 to 3%, CuO of 0 to 1%, ZnO of 0 to 1%, and / or MoO 3 of 0 to 1%. As a result, it was found that a material containing sucrose was effective as a fungicide and fertilizer for growing seedlings, and the present invention was completed.
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
○ガラス質組成物
本発明に用いるガラス質組成物の一つは、必須成分として銀イオン、ケイ酸イオン、ホウ酸イオン、およびカリウムイオンを含有するものであり、これらは育苗用培土中の水分や灌水により溶出できるものである。また、本発明に用いるガラス質組成物は、必須成分として銀イオン、ケイ酸イオン、リン酸イオン、カリウムイオンを含有するものであり、育苗用培土中の水分や灌水により溶出できるものであり、また本発明に用いるガラス質組成物は、必須成分として銀イオン、ケイ酸イオン、ホウ酸イオン、リン酸イオン、カリウムイオンを含有するものであり、育苗用培土中の水分や灌水により溶出できるものである。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
○ Glassy composition One of the glassy compositions used in the present invention contains silver ions, silicate ions, borate ions, and potassium ions as essential components, and these are moisture in the soil for raising seedlings. And can be eluted by irrigation. Further, the glassy composition used in the present invention contains silver ions, silicate ions, phosphate ions, and potassium ions as essential components, and can be eluted by water or irrigation in the seedling culture soil, The vitreous composition used in the present invention contains silver ions, silicate ions, borate ions, phosphate ions, and potassium ions as essential components, and can be eluted by moisture and irrigation in the seedling culture medium. It is.
本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料として用いるガラス質組成物は、酸化物換算の質量比でＳｉＯ2が１５〜６０％、Ｂ2Ｏ3が５〜５０％、Ｋ2Ｏが１０〜４０％、ＭｎＯ2が０〜２％、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3が０〜３％、ＣｕＯが０〜１％、ＺｎＯが０〜１％、ＭｏＯ3が０〜１％、及びＡｇ2Ｏが０．１〜５％からなるものであり、酸化物換算の質量比でＳｉＯ2が１５〜６０％、Ｐ2Ｏ5が１０〜５０％、Ｋ2Ｏが１０〜４０％、ＭｎＯ2が０〜２％、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3が０〜３％、ＣｕＯが０〜１％、ＺｎＯが０〜１％、ＭｏＯ3が０〜１％、及びＡｇ2Ｏが０．１〜５％からなるものであり、酸化物換算の質量比でＳｉＯ2が１５〜６０％、Ｂ2Ｏ3が５〜５０％、Ｐ2Ｏ5が１０〜５０％、Ｋ2Ｏが１０〜４０％、ＭｎＯ2が０〜２％、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3が０〜３％、ＣｕＯが０〜１％、ＺｎＯが０〜１％、ＭｏＯ3が０〜１％、及びＡｇ2Ｏが０．１〜５％からなるものである。 The vitreous composition used as the germicide and fertilizer for raising seedling culture according to the present invention is 15 to 60% SiO 2 , 5 to 50% B 2 O 3 and 10 to 40 K 2 O in terms of mass ratio in terms of oxide. %, MnO 2 is 0 to 2%, Fe 2 O 3 is 0 to 3%, CuO is 0 to 1%, ZnO is 0 to 1%, MoO 3 is 0 to 1%, and Ag 2 O is 0.1%. It consists of ˜5%, and the SiO 2 is 15 to 60%, P 2 O 5 is 10 to 50%, K 2 O is 10 to 40%, and MnO 2 is 0 to 2% by mass ratio in terms of oxide. , Fe 2 O 3 is 0 to 3% CuO 0 to 1% ZnO 0 to 1%, and those MoO 3 0 to 1% of, and Ag 2 O is made of 0.1% to 5%, SiO 2 is 15 to 60%, B 2 O 3 is 5 to 50%, P 2 O 5 is 10 to 50%, K 2 O is 10 to 40%, and MnO 2 is 0 to 2 in terms of mass ratio in terms of oxide. %, Fe 2 O 3 is 0 to 3 , CuO 0 to 1% ZnO 0 to 1% in which MoO 3 is 0 to 1%, and Ag 2 O is made of 0.1% to 5%.
本発明のガラス質組成物中のＡｇ2Ｏの含有量が０．１％未満では、殺菌効果が不十分となる場合がある。そしてＡｇ2Ｏの含有量が５％までで十分であり、それを超えても殺菌効果はあまり変わらない。さらに、Ａｇ2Ｏの含有量が５％を超えると、銀イオンが過剰となり植物に対して薬害を起こす恐れがあり、また銀は高価であるため、コスト的にも好ましくない。なお、銀イオンは、おおよそ培土に２０ｐｐｂ以上存在すれば良い。 If the content of Ag 2 O in the glassy composition of the present invention is less than 0.1%, the bactericidal effect may be insufficient. And the content of Ag 2 O is sufficient up to 5%, and the sterilizing effect does not change much even if it exceeds that. Furthermore, if the content of Ag 2 O exceeds 5%, silver ions become excessive, which may cause phytotoxicity to plants, and silver is expensive, which is not preferable in terms of cost. In addition, the silver ion should just exist in 20 ppb or more in culture medium.
ケイ酸イオンは水稲の稲体を強剛にする効果を有しているのは古くから知られている。近年、イチゴなどの野菜において、ケイ酸イオンがうどんこ病などに感染しにくくなる効果があることが報告されている（「ケイ酸カリウム水溶液施用によるイチゴうどんこ病の発生抑制技術」，ひょうごの農業技術，Ｎｏ．１１０，２０００年７月。「イチゴうどんこ病抑制に有効なケイ酸カリ資材とその効果」，ひょうごの農業技術，Ｎｏ．１１６，２００１年７月）。よって、本発明のガラス質組成物に含まれるＳｉＯ2は、稲、野菜、花卉、果樹等いずれにも感染防止効果および植物体を強くすることにおいて有効であるケイ酸イオンを溶出する成分として有用である。また、ＳｉＯ2は、ガラス形成成分であり、本発明のガラス質組成物中のＳｉＯ2含有量が６０％を超えると、ガラス質組成物の水に対する溶解性が低くなり、十分な効果が発現しにくくなり、ＳｉＯ2含有量が１５％未満では、水に対する溶解性が高くなり、緩効性が不十分となる。 It has been known for a long time that silicate ions have the effect of strengthening the rice body of paddy rice. In recent years, it has been reported that in strawberry and other vegetables, silicate ions are less likely to be infected with powdery mildew etc. ("Technology for suppressing the occurrence of strawberry powdery mildew by applying potassium silicate aqueous solution", Hyogo Agricultural Technology, No. 110, July 2000. “Effective Potassium Silicate and its Effect on Strawberry Powdery Mildew Suppression, Hyogo Agricultural Technology, No. 116, July 2001”. Therefore, SiO 2 contained in the glassy composition of the present invention is useful as an ingredient for eluting silicate ions, which is effective in preventing infection and strengthening the plant body in any of rice, vegetables, flower buds, fruit trees, etc. It is. Further, SiO 2 is a glass forming component, and when the SiO 2 content in the glassy composition of the present invention exceeds 60%, the solubility of the glassy composition in water is lowered, and a sufficient effect is exhibited. If the SiO 2 content is less than 15%, the solubility in water becomes high and the slow release becomes insufficient.
Ｂ2Ｏ3は、古くから肥料成分として知られているホウ酸イオンの供給源であるとともに、本発明のガラス質組成物の水に対する溶解性を制御する成分でもある。本発明のガラス質組成物中のＢ2Ｏ3含有量が５０％を超えると、ガラスの水に対する溶解性が低くなり、十分な効果が発現しにくくなり、Ｂ2Ｏ3含有量が５％未満では、水に対する溶解性が高くなり、緩効性が不十分となる。 B 2 O 3 is a borate ion supply source that has long been known as a fertilizer component, and is also a component that controls the solubility of the glassy composition of the present invention in water. If the B 2 O 3 content in the vitreous composition of the present invention exceeds 50%, the solubility of the glass in water will be low, and it will be difficult to achieve a sufficient effect, and the B 2 O 3 content will be 5%. If it is less than 1, the solubility in water will be high, and the slow release will be insufficient.
Ｋ2Ｏは、古くから肥料成分として知られているカリウムイオンの供給源であるとともに、本発明のガラス質組成物の水に対する溶解性を制御する成分でもある。本発明のガラス質組成物中のＫ2Ｏ含有量が４０％を超えると、水に対する溶解性が高くなり、緩効性が不十分となる。Ｋ2Ｏ含有量が１０％未満では、ガラスの水に対する溶解性が低くなり、十分な効果が発現しにくくなる。 K 2 O is a source of potassium ions that has been known as a fertilizer component for a long time, and is also a component that controls the solubility of the glassy composition of the present invention in water. When the K 2 O content in the glassy composition of the present invention exceeds 40%, the solubility in water becomes high and the slow-release property becomes insufficient. When the K 2 O content is less than 10%, the solubility of glass in water is lowered, and a sufficient effect is hardly exhibited.
Ｐ2Ｏ5は、Ｂ2Ｏ3と同様に肥料成分でもあり、また本発明のガラス質組成物の水に対する溶解性を制御する成分でもある。しかし、Ｐ2Ｏ5を含有させた本発明のガラス質組成物は、Ｂ2Ｏ3を含有させたものに比較し、作製に際にＡｇ2Ｏが揮発しやすい、あるいはガラス質組成物に均一に入りにくい性質がある。よって、必要な量よりも過剰に銀化合物を必要としコスト高になる、また、必要組成比が制御しにくいといった問題がある。
よって、肥料成分として、リン酸イオンを溶出させる必要がある場合には、Ｐ2Ｏ5を含有させたガラス質組成物を用いればよいが、リン酸イオンを必要としない場合は、ホウ酸を含有するガラス組成物が好ましい。
P 2 O 5 is a fertilizer component as well as B 2 O 3 and is a component that controls the solubility of the glassy composition of the present invention in water. However, the vitreous composition of the present invention containing P 2 O 5 is more likely to volatilize Ag 2 O at the time of production than the one containing B 2 O 3 , or to a vitreous composition. It has the property of being difficult to enter uniformly. Therefore, there is a problem in that the silver compound is required more than necessary and the cost is high, and the necessary composition ratio is difficult to control.
Therefore, as a fertilizer component, when it is necessary to elute phosphate ions, a glassy composition containing P 2 O 5 may be used. However, when phosphate ions are not required, boric acid may be used. The glass composition to contain is preferable.
その他に、微量肥料成分であるＭｎＯ、Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣｕＯ、ＺｎＯ、ＭｏＯ3等も本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料として用いるガラス質組成物中に含有させることができる。現在、多量肥料成分は過剰気味であり、また、これらについては非常に多くの種類の肥料が市販されているため、微量肥料成分を本発明のガラス質組成物に含有させ、緩効性を付与させることは特に有用である。
ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯは多量に含有させなければ特に問題はないが、本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料として用いるガラス質組成物には実質的に含まない。
In addition, MnO, Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, ZnO, MoO 3 and the like, which are trace fertilizer components, can also be contained in the vitreous composition used as the germination agent and fertilizer for raising seedling culture according to the present invention. Currently, a large amount of fertilizer component is excessive, and because there are so many kinds of fertilizers on the market, a small amount of fertilizer component is included in the glassy composition of the present invention to give slow release. Is particularly useful.
There is no particular problem unless MgO and CaO are contained in large amounts, but they are not substantially contained in the vitreous composition used as the germination agent and fertilizer for raising seedling soil of the present invention.
本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料に用いるガラス質組成物は、酸化物、水酸化物、ホウ酸塩、塩化物、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、炭酸塩等、必要成分を含有している化合物を所定の混合量になるようによく混合した後、加熱溶融し、急冷、破砕、分級することにより得ることができる。
本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料に用いるガラス質組成物は、培土中の水分や灌水により徐々に溶出するものである。ガラス質組成物からの各成分の溶出速度が速すぎると、殺菌効果、及び肥料効果の持続性が短くなり、また、薬害の恐れがある。逆に、これらの溶出速度が遅すぎると、殺菌効果、及び肥料効果が不十分になる恐れがある。よって、ガラス質組成物の水に対する溶解速度を適正な範囲にコントロールする必要がある。培土中での溶出速度は、培土の種類、水の量、温度等、様々な条件が異なるため、適正な範囲を求めにくい。また、ガラス質組成物の各成分量を変えることにより、ガラス質組成物の成分の溶出性をコントロールすることは可能である。本発明においては、おおよその目安として、純水に対する銀の溶解速度が、１ｇあたり１μｇ／リットル・時間〜１ｍｇ／リットル・時間であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは２〜５００μｇ／リットル・時間であり、特に好ましくは５〜３００μｇ／リットル・時間である。
The vitreous composition used for the fungus and fertilizer for raising seedlings according to the present invention is composed of compounds containing necessary components such as oxides, hydroxides, borates, chlorides, nitrates, sulfates and carbonates. It can be obtained by mixing well so as to obtain a predetermined mixing amount, followed by heating and melting, rapid cooling, crushing, and classification.
The vitreous composition used for the fungicide and fertilizer for raising seedling culture according to the present invention is gradually eluted by moisture and irrigation in the cultivation soil. If the elution rate of each component from the glassy composition is too fast, the sterilization effect and the persistence of the fertilizer effect are shortened, and there is a risk of phytotoxicity. Conversely, if these elution rates are too slow, the bactericidal effect and the fertilizer effect may be insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to control the dissolution rate of the glassy composition in water within an appropriate range. The elution rate in the soil is not easily determined because various conditions such as the type of soil, amount of water, and temperature are different. Moreover, it is possible to control the elution property of the component of a glassy composition by changing the amount of each component of a glassy composition. In the present invention, as a rough guide, the dissolution rate of silver in pure water is preferably 1 μg / liter · hour to 1 mg / liter · hour, more preferably 2 to 500 μg / liter · hour. Particularly preferred is 5 to 300 μg / liter · hour.
本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料に用いるガラス質組成物の粒径はいずれでもかまわないが、培土中に混和して用いることを考慮すると、粒径が１〜５ｍｍのものが実質的に９０％以上含有されていることが好ましい。ガラス質組成物の粒径が１ｍｍ未満のものが多すぎると、溶解速度が速くなりすぎる、土壌と均一に混和しにくい、粉立ちが多く作業者が粉塵を吸入しやすいといった問題が生じる恐れがある。逆に、ガラス質組成物の粒径が５ｍｍより大きなものが多すぎると、溶解速度が遅くなりすぎる、土壌中に偏在しやすいといった問題が生じる恐れがある。 The particle size of the vitreous composition used for the fungus and fertilizer for raising seedling culture according to the present invention may be any, but considering that it is used by mixing in the cultivation soil, the one having a particle size of 1 to 5 mm is substantially used. It is preferable to contain 90% or more. If the particle size of the glassy composition is less than 1 mm, the dissolution rate may become too fast, it may be difficult to mix uniformly with the soil, and there may be problems such as powdering and easy inhalation of dust. is there. Conversely, if the glassy composition has a particle size of more than 5 mm, there may be a problem that the dissolution rate is too slow or the glass composition is likely to be unevenly distributed in the soil.
育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料に用いるガラス質組成物の粒径を制御する方法として、溶融させたガラスを水中に添加、あるいは、冷却したドラム等に滴下して得られたものを篩い分けする方法がある。また、ガラス製造時に、任意の粒径の球状とすることができる。この球状のガラス（ガラスビーズ）は通常の方法で得ることができる。例えば、溶融したガラスを液滴として滴下させ、球状に固化させる方法や、ガラス原料のスラリーを火焔中に噴霧し、溶融、固化させる方法などがある。 As a method for controlling the particle size of the vitreous composition used for the fungicides and fertilizers for raising seedlings, a method of sieving the one obtained by adding molten glass in water or dropping it on a cooled drum or the like There is. Moreover, it can be set as the spherical shape of arbitrary particle sizes at the time of glass manufacture. The spherical glass (glass beads) can be obtained by a usual method. For example, there are a method in which molten glass is dropped as droplets and solidified into a spherical shape, and a method in which a glass raw material slurry is sprayed into a flame to melt and solidify.
さらに、粒状セラミックなどの表面に担持させる方法が挙げられる。ここで粒状セラミックとは、天然あるいは人工的に作製された無機質固体材料、および粒状のガラスを指す。すなわち、世間一般で言われているセラミックス、窯業製品、ガラス、砂、小石などを指す。例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、ジルコニア、ムライト、ガラスのビーズ、あるいはボールなどが挙げられる。形状は球状、円柱状、円盤状、立方体状、直方体状、さらには、不定形状のものなど特に限定されない。
粒状化の別の方法として、担持体を用いず、成形用バインダーを用いて粒状化させる方法もある。バインダーとして、粘土化合物やシリカゾルなどの無機化合物、水溶性高分子、生分解性高分子等が環境保全の観点から好ましい。
Furthermore, the method of carrying | supporting on the surface, such as a granular ceramic, is mentioned. Here, the granular ceramic refers to a natural or artificially produced inorganic solid material and granular glass. In other words, it refers to ceramics, ceramic products, glass, sand, pebbles, etc. that are commonly called by the general public. Examples include silica, alumina, zirconia, mullite, glass beads, or balls. The shape is not particularly limited, such as a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a disk shape, a cubic shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, or an indefinite shape.
As another granulation method, there is a method of granulating using a molding binder without using a carrier. As the binder, inorganic compounds such as clay compounds and silica sol, water-soluble polymers, biodegradable polymers and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of environmental conservation.
○播種からの育苗または育苗について
本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料の育苗培土への使用方法は特に限定されない。例えば、本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料を育苗用培土に混和する方法、植穴処理する方法、播種や苗を植え付けた後の培土の上に置く方法、播種や苗を植え付けた後の培土の上に水が透過できる容器に充填して載せる方法等が挙げられる。このうち、本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料を育苗用培土に混和する方法または培土の上に置く方法が、作業性が高く好ましく、更に育苗用培土に混和する方法が好ましい。
用いる培土に特に限定はなく、園芸用に一般的に市販されているバーミキュライト、パーライト、ピートモス、バーク堆肥、ミズゴケ等を単独であるいは数種類の資材の混合物としたものなどが挙げられる。
○ About seedling raising or seedling from sowing The method of using the fungicide and fertilizer for seedling cultivation soil of the present invention to the seedling cultivation soil is not particularly limited. For example, the method for adding the fungicide and fertilizer for seedling culture of the present invention to the seedling culture soil, the method of planting holes, the method of placing the seedlings and seedlings on the soil after planting, the seeding and seedlings after planting For example, a method of filling and placing in a container through which water can permeate on the culture soil. Among these, the method of mixing the germicide and fertilizer for raising seedlings of the present invention with the soil for raising seedlings or the method of placing it on the growing soil is preferable because of high workability, and the method of adding it to the soil for raising seedlings is more preferable.
The soil to be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vermiculite, perlite, peat moss, bark compost, sphagnum, etc., which are generally commercially available for horticulture, alone or as a mixture of several kinds of materials.
播種からの育苗または育苗に用いる容器は特に限定されない。例えば、育苗ポット、連結ポット、セルトレイ、育苗箱等が挙げられる。 The container used for seedling raising or seedling from sowing is not particularly limited. For example, a seedling pot, a connection pot, a cell tray, a seedling box and the like can be mentioned.
＜実施例＞
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する。なお、部は質量部を示す。
<Example>
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. In addition, a part shows a mass part.
＜製造例１＞
表１に示した組成（各質量部）を良く混合して調製した調合物を１０００〜１４００℃間で溶融し、ガラスを作製する。その後、急冷し、破砕、分級して粒径約１ｍｍ〜５ｍｍのガラス質組成物を得た（試料イ〜リ）。
<Production Example 1>
A composition prepared by thoroughly mixing the compositions (each part by mass) shown in Table 1 is melted at 1000 to 1400 ° C. to produce glass. Thereafter, it was rapidly cooled, crushed and classified to obtain a glassy composition having a particle size of about 1 mm to 5 mm (samples 1 to 3).
○銀イオンの溶解速度
製造例１で作製したガラス質組成物の純水（イオン交換水）に対する銀イオンの溶解速度（μg／リットル・時間）を調べた。
＜溶解速度の試験条件＞
１．０ｇのガラス質組成物を２０〜３０℃の純水１リットルとともに６時間攪拌し、上清中の銀イオンの濃度を測定して算出した。この結果を表２に示した（μg／リットル・時間）。
○ Dissolution rate of silver ions The dissolution rate (μg / liter · hour) of silver ions in pure water (ion exchange water) of the vitreous composition prepared in Production Example 1 was examined.
<Test conditions for dissolution rate>
1.0 g of the vitreous composition was stirred with 1 liter of pure water at 20 to 30 ° C. for 6 hours, and the concentration of silver ions in the supernatant was measured and calculated. The results are shown in Table 2 (μg / liter · time).
試料ヘでは、銀イオンの溶解量が大きいため、抗菌効果を長期間持続させることが困難である。また、試料トとリでは、銀イオンの溶解量が小さいため抗菌効果がでにくいものである。 In the sample, since the dissolution amount of silver ions is large, it is difficult to maintain the antibacterial effect for a long time. In addition, the sample and the sample are difficult to have an antibacterial effect because the dissolved amount of silver ions is small.
○ケイ酸イオンおよびカリウムイオンの溶解濃度
製造例１で作製したガラス質組成物イ、ハのイオン交換水に対するケイ酸イオン、カリウムイオンの溶解度を調べた。その結果を表３に示した。溶解度は、ガラス質組成物１ｇを２０〜３０℃のイオン交換水１リットルに添加、攪拌し、所定時間にサンプリングし、ケイ酸イオンおよびカリウムイオンの濃度を測定した。
○ Dissolution concentration of silicate ion and potassium ion The solubility of silicate ion and potassium ion in the ion exchange water of the glassy composition i and c prepared in Production Example 1 was examined. The results are shown in Table 3. For the solubility, 1 g of the glassy composition was added to 1 liter of ion-exchanged water at 20 to 30 ° C., stirred, sampled for a predetermined time, and the concentrations of silicate ions and potassium ions were measured.
○トマト青枯れ病菌に対する効果
製造例１で作製したガラス質組成物イ、ハ、ニ、ヘ、ト、チ、リのトマト青枯れ病に対する防除効果を調べた。トマトは直径１０ｃｍの育苗ポットに養液栽培用椰子殻培土とガラス質組成物を混和して３週間育苗した後，人工的にトマト青枯れ病菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）を接種し，１０日後の本病発生状況を調査した。その結果を表４に示した。
○ Effects against tomato bacterial wilt fungus The control effect on tomato bacterial wilt of the glassy compositions (i), (c), (ii), (ii), (f), (t), (chi), and (ri) produced in Production Example 1 was examined. Tomatoes are grown in a seedling pot with a diameter of 10 cm and mixed with coconut shell medium for nutrient solution cultivation and glassy composition for 3 weeks, then artificially inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum, and this disease 10 days later The occurrence situation was investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.
表４の発病度は以下の基準に従って指数別に調査し，算出した。
０：外部病徴が認められない
１：１〜２葉が萎凋した株
２：３〜５葉が萎凋した株
３：大部分の葉が萎凋した株
４：萎凋枯死株
発病度＝｛Σ（発病指数×程度別発病株）／（３×全株数）｝×１００
防除価＝１００−（処理区の発病度／無処理区の発病度）×１００
ガラス組成物ヘでは、薬害が観察された。
The disease severity in Table 4 was calculated by investigating by index according to the following criteria.
0: No external symptom is observed 1: 1 Strains with 2 leaves wilt 2: Strains with 3-5 leaves wilt 3: Strains with most wilt 4: Withering dead strain Disease severity = {Σ ( Disease index × disease-causing strains by degree) / (3 × total number of strains)} × 100
Control value = 100− (Disease level in treated area / Disease level in untreated area) × 100
In the glass composition, phytotoxicity was observed.
○ハクサイ根こぶ病菌に対する効果
製造例１で作製したガラス質組成物イ、ロ、ホ、チのハクサイ根こぶ病菌（病原菌：Plasmodiophora brassicae）に対する防除効果を調べた。育苗用のトレイにガラス質組成物を１０質量％となるように育苗用培土に混和し，ハクサイ種子を播種した。３０日間トレイで育苗後にハクサイ根こぶ病菌汚染土を入れた直径１０ｃｍのポリポットに移植し，２１日間栽培後にハクサイ根部の根こぶの着生状況を調査した。その結果を表５に示した。
Effect on Chinese cabbage root-knot fungus The control effect on the glassy composition a, ro, ho, chi of Chinese cabbage root-knot fungus (pathogenic fungus: Plasmodiophora brassicae) prepared in Production Example 1 was examined. The glassy composition was mixed with the seedling culture medium so as to be 10% by mass in the seedling tray, and Chinese cabbage seeds were sown. After raising seedlings on a tray for 30 days, the plants were transplanted to a 10 cm diameter polypot containing soil contaminated with Chinese cabbage root-knot fungus. After 21 days of cultivation, the root nodules were examined for root nodules. The results are shown in Table 5.
注）発病度は以下の基準に従って指数別に調査し，算出した。
０：根こぶの着生が認められない
１：根こぶが根系全体の１〜２５％未満の根に着生
２：根こぶが根系全体の２５〜５０％未満の根に着生
３：根こぶが根系全体の５０〜７５％未満の根に着生
４：根こぶが根系全体の７５％以上の根に着生
発病度＝｛Σ（発病指数×程度別発病株）／（４×全株数）｝×１００
Note) Disease severity was calculated by investigating by index according to the following criteria.
0: No root bump formation is observed
1: Root humps grow on roots of less than 1-25% of the whole root system
2: Root bumps grow on roots of less than 25-50% of the whole root system
3: The root humps grow on roots of less than 50 to 75% of the whole root system
4: Root humps grow on roots of 75% or more of the whole root system Disease onset = {Σ (onset index × onset strain by degree) / (4 × total number of strains)} × 100
○ハクサイ育苗効果
製造例１で作製したガラス質組成物ハの、ハクサイに対する育苗効果を調べた。即ち、育苗用のトレイにガラス質組成物ハを１質量％または５質量％となるように育苗用培土と混和し、ハクサイ（品種：オリンピア）種子を播種した（それぞれ試験数１０）。そして、３０日後のハクサイ苗の生長度をガラス質組成物を添加していないものと比較した（試験数１０）。
生長度は、地上部質量（ｇ）および根部質量（ｇ）を測定することのより評価した。その結果を表６に示した。この結果、ガラス質組成物添加量に比例して苗の生育が良いことが判明した。
○ Chinese cabbage raising seedling effect The raising effect on the Chinese cabbage of the glassy composition Ha produced in Production Example 1 was examined. In other words, seedling trays were mixed with vitreous composition ha so as to be 1% by mass or 5% by mass, and seedlings of Chinese cabbage (variety: Olympia) were sown (number of tests 10 respectively). And the growth degree of Chinese cabbage seedlings 30 days later was compared with that to which no vitreous composition was added (test number 10).
The degree of growth was evaluated by measuring the above-ground mass (g) and root mass (g). The results are shown in Table 6. As a result, it was found that the growth of seedlings was good in proportion to the added amount of the vitreous composition.
本発明のガラス質組成物からなる育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料を用いることにより、栽培作物の病害を防止することができる。また、本発明の育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料を用いることにより、栽培作物の苗の生育を促進することができる。このことから、本発明のガラス質組成物からなる育苗培土用殺菌剤・肥料を用いることにより病害防止と生育促進を図ることができ、育苗作業の効率化をはかることができる。 Diseases of cultivated crops can be prevented by using the seedling culture fungicide and fertilizer comprising the vitreous composition of the present invention. Moreover, the growth of seedlings of cultivated crops can be promoted by using the fungicides and fertilizers for raising seedlings according to the present invention. From this, disease prevention and growth promotion can be aimed at by using the germicide and fertilizer for raising seedling soil which consist of the glassy composition of this invention, and the efficiency of raising seedling work can be aimed at.
Claims (7)
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011092522A3 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-11-24 | Giltech Limited | Anti-microbial glass composition |
| JP2012505135A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2012-03-01 | アドヴァンスト プラント ニュートリション ピーティーワイ エルティーディー | Silicon-containing glass powder particles for improving plant growth |
| RU2489413C1 (en) * | 2012-03-11 | 2013-08-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный университет" | Method of preparing phosphorus-magnesium fertiliser |
| JP2017081956A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-18 | テキスティル コッパー アンディノ エス．エー． | Active powder body fungicide containing at least one kind of copper salt and at least one kind of zinc salt, and production process therefor |
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| JP2012505135A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2012-03-01 | アドヴァンスト プラント ニュートリション ピーティーワイ エルティーディー | Silicon-containing glass powder particles for improving plant growth |
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| JP2017081956A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-18 | テキスティル コッパー アンディノ エス．エー． | Active powder body fungicide containing at least one kind of copper salt and at least one kind of zinc salt, and production process therefor |
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