JP2005308385A - Gas heater - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device capable of efficiently heating gas. <P>SOLUTION: This device heats gas by contacting the gas to a plurality of heating bodies. The heating bodies are contained in a container 1 having a gas inflow port and a gas outflow port. An induction coil 6 is wound around the outer periphery of the container for electromagnetic induction heating. The heating bodies are a columnar heating body. Each columnar heating body is arranged such that the longitudinal direction of the container and that of the columnar heating body are in parallel with each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel gas heating apparatus.

  Gas heaters including steam generators (steamers) have been proposed as heaters using electromagnetic induction heating in addition to resistance heaters as heating elements.

  For example, a cylindrical dielectric ceramic body in which an induction coil capable of switching energization from low frequency to high frequency is wound, and a disk-shaped dielectric having a plurality of flow passage through holes arranged in the cylindrical dielectric ceramic body A heating element and a ring-shaped insulating spacer interposed between the disk-shaped dielectric heating elements, and provided with a fluid supply port for supplying fluid into the insulator in the bottom plate portion of the cylindrical insulating ceramic body; There is known a high-temperature steam generator characterized in that the top plate portion of the cylindrical insulating ceramic body is provided with a steam outlet that is heated to heat by induction heating inside the insulator (patent) Reference 1).

In addition, for example, a conductive cylinder standing in the vertical direction and having the lower end side of the hollow interior as a water-stagnation zone, or a non-conductive cylinder in which a conductive material is disposed over almost the entire length of the hollow interior. A body, a water supply part for supplying water to the water stagnation zone, a water level adjusting mechanism for adjusting the water level of the water stagnation zone, and the water stagnation zone and the space zone left above the outer periphery of the cylinder There is known an overheated steam generator comprising an induction coil wound over the length of the coil (Patent Document 2).
JP 2003-336801 A JP 2003-297537 A

  However, in the apparatus of Patent Document 1, a disk used as a heating element in each layer is one large disk. That is. Since heat generation by electromagnetic induction heating occurs at the outer periphery of the disk, the use of a large disk reduces the heat generation efficiency accordingly.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, although heat generation efficiency can be increased by using a plurality of pipes, heat is transferred from the heating element to the steam without being sufficiently transmitted.

  Accordingly, a main object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of efficiently heating a gas.

  As a result of repeated studies in view of the problems of the prior art, the present inventor has found that the above object can be achieved by adopting a specific configuration, and has completed the present invention.

  That is, this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the gas heating apparatus and hydrogen containing gas which are shown below.

1. An apparatus for heating a gas by bringing the gas into contact with a heating element,
(1) A plurality of heating elements are accommodated in a container having a gas inlet and a gas outlet,
(2) An induction coil for electromagnetic induction heating is wound around the outer periphery of the container,
(3) The plurality of heating elements are a) a columnar heating element, and b) each columnar heating so that the longitudinal direction of the container and the longitudinal direction of the columnar heating element are parallel to each other. The body is placed,
A gas heating device.

  2. Item 2. The gas heating device according to Item 1, wherein a part or all of the columnar heating element has a value of (length in the longitudinal direction / major axis of the bottom surface) of 1 or more in the columnar heating element.

  3. Item 3. The gas heating device according to Item 2, wherein the columnar heating elements are arranged so that the lengths in the longitudinal direction are equal and the bottom surfaces thereof are on the same plane.

  4). Item 3. The gas heating device according to Item 2, wherein the side surfaces of the columnar heating elements are arranged with substantially uniform intervals.

  5). Item 3. The gas heating device according to Item 2, wherein the columnar heating element is a polygonal columnar shape.

  6). Item 3. The gas heating device according to Item 2, wherein the columnar heating element is cylindrical.

  7). Item 3. The gas heating device according to Item 2, wherein the columnar heating element is disposed via a heat insulating material.

  8). Item 2. The gas heating device according to Item 1, wherein a part or all of the columnar heating element has a value of (length in the longitudinal direction / major axis of the bottom surface) in the columnar heating element of less than 1.

  9. Item 9. The gas heating device according to Item 8, wherein the columnar heating elements are stacked so that the gas can pass through the gaps between the columnar heating elements.

  10. The gas heating device according to claim 8, wherein the columnar heating elements and other columnar heating elements adjacent to each other at their bottom surfaces are arranged with their center axes alternately shifted.

  11. The columnar heating element is a material containing an intermetallic compound of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum and aluminum, and the intermetallic compound has a three-dimensional network structure. Item 11. The gas heating device according to any one of Items 1 to 10, wherein the gas heating device is formed of a porous material that forms a skeleton and has a relative density of about 80% or less.

  12 Item 12. The gas heating device according to Item 11, wherein an oxide layer is formed on part or all of the surface of the material.

  13. Item 13. The gas heating device according to Item 12, wherein the oxide layer contains an element constituting the intermetallic compound.

  14 Item 14. The gas heating device according to any one of Items 11 to 13, wherein the relative density of the material is 30 to 70%.

  15. Item 15. The gas heating device according to any one of Items 11 to 14, wherein the intermetallic compound is contained by 80% by weight or more.

  16. Item 16. The gas heating device according to any one of Items 1 to 15, wherein the gas is water vapor and is used to generate high-temperature superheated water vapor at 600 ° C or higher by contacting with a heating element.

  17. Item 16. The gas heating device according to any one of Items 1 to 15, wherein the gas is water vapor and generates a hydrogen-containing gas by contacting with a heating element.

  18. 18. A method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas by introducing water vapor into a gas inlet of the gas heating device according to any one of items 1 to 17 and bringing the water vapor into contact with a heat generating element that has generated heat.

  19. Item 12. The gas heating device according to Item 11, wherein the porous material is obtained by molding a mixed powder composed of two or more kinds of inorganic powders, and subjecting the obtained molded body to a combustion synthesis reaction.

  20. Item 20. The gas heating device according to Item 19, wherein the mixed powder contains at least one inorganic powder of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum and an aluminum powder.

  21. Item 21. The gas heating device according to Item 20, wherein the mixed powder further contains at least one powder of a metal, an intermetallic compound, and ceramics (excluding the inorganic powder and aluminum powder).

  22. Item 20. The gas heating device according to Item 19, wherein, prior to the combustion synthesis reaction, at least one of a metal, an intermetallic compound, and ceramics is previously imparted to the surface of the formed body.

  In the gas heating device of the present invention, since a plurality of heating elements are arranged by a specific arrangement method, excellent heating efficiency can be achieved. In particular, when the heating element is disposed via a heat insulating material, the heating efficiency can be further enhanced.

  In addition, when a porous material of a specific intermetallic compound is used as a heating element in the device of the present invention, it has excellent durability due to its excellent corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance, etc. It can be demonstrated and is economical.

The gas heating device of the present invention is a device for heating a gas by bringing the gas into contact with a heating element,
(1) A plurality of heating elements are accommodated in a container having a gas inlet and a gas outlet,
(2) An induction coil for electromagnetic induction heating is wound around the outer periphery of the container,
(3) The plurality of heating elements are a) a columnar heating element, and b) each columnar heating so that the longitudinal direction of the container and the longitudinal direction of the columnar heating element are parallel to each other. The body is placed,
It is characterized by that.

  The container includes a gas outlet and a gas inlet. One of each of these may be provided, or a plurality of these may be provided. The size of the container is not particularly limited as long as the heating element can be accommodated. The material of the container may be any material that is not itself heated by electromagnetic induction, and can be appropriately selected from known materials according to the type of gas to be applied. For example, when water vapor is used as the gas, a heat-resistant material such as quartz glass, alumina, mullite, magnesia, or silicon nitride may be used.

  An induction coil for electromagnetic induction heating is wound around the outer periphery of the container. The induction coil may be installed in the same manner as a known electromagnetic induction heating device. For example, the conductive wire may be spirally wound from the gas outlet of the container to the gas inlet.

  The heating element of the heating device of the present invention uses a columnar form. Each of these heating elements is arranged such that the longitudinal direction of the container and the longitudinal direction of the columnar heating element are substantially parallel to each other. That is, the central axis of each heating element may be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the container.

  The plurality of heating elements may have the same shape, size, etc., or may be different from each other. In particular, in Embodiment 1 described later, it is preferable to use at least the same shape and size.

  The value of (length in the long direction / long diameter of the bottom surface) in the heating element of the present invention is not particularly limited. In the present invention, in particular, in some or all of the plurality of heating elements, the above value can be divided into one or more (Embodiment 1) and the above value is less than 1 (Embodiment 2). In addition, the said major axis means the diameter that the diameter of a bottom face becomes the longest.

(Embodiment 1)
When the above values are 1 or more (especially when all the above values of the heating elements are 1 or more), the columnar heating elements are arranged so that their lengths in the longitudinal direction are equal and their bottom surfaces are on the same plane. It is desirable. In this case, it is desirable that the side surfaces of the columnar heating elements are arranged with substantially uniform intervals. The even spacing is occupied by a space through which gas passes. That is, it is heated when the gas passes through such a gap. Although the said space | interval can be adjusted suitably, generally it should just be about 0.1-5 mm.

  The columnar heating element preferably has a polygonal cross section. That is, the heating element used in the present invention is preferably a polygonal column. The polygon may be any of a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, and the like. By setting it as such a polygonal shape, the said space can be formed efficiently. In particular, by using columnar heating elements having the same shape and size, a gap can be efficiently formed as in the first embodiment.

  In the present invention, the plurality of columnar heating elements may be disposed with a space therebetween, but may be disposed with a heat insulating material. By interposing the heat insulating material, it is possible to effectively prevent or suppress the release (dissipation) of the heat generated in the heating element to the outside. As the heat insulating material, for example, a heat insulating molded body having a plurality of space portions into which columnar heating elements can be inserted can be used. By putting such a heat insulating molded body in a container and inserting a heat generating element into the space, it is possible to adopt a configuration in which each heat generating element is disposed via a heat insulating material. In this case, the gas is heated when the gas passes through the gap between the heat insulating material and the heating element.

(Embodiment 2)
When the value is less than 1, the columnar heating element has a disk shape. When it has such a form, it is preferable that the columnar heating elements are stacked so that gas can pass through the gaps between the columnar heating elements. The arrangement in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is set so that the gas can pass while contacting the heating element. For example, the columnar heating elements and the other columnar heating elements adjacent to each other at the bottoms thereof can be arranged with their center axes alternately shifted. In this case, it is desirable that all the heating elements have the same shape and size.

(Gas heating)
When the gas is heated by the apparatus of the present invention, the gas may be heated by bringing the gas into contact with the heating element using known electromagnetic induction heating (high frequency induction heating). For example, a helical conductive wire is arranged on the outer periphery of the heating element, and the heating element is effectively heated by energizing under a condition of 10 to 500 kHz with a power of 1 to 100 kW. At this time, the gas to be heated is introduced from the gas inlet and heated by being brought into contact with the heating element, and the heated gas is discharged from the gas outlet.

(Heating element)
As the heating element of the present invention, a known material can be used as long as it is used for electromagnetic induction heating. In particular, in the present invention, a material containing an intermetallic compound of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum and aluminum, and the intermetallic compound is a three-dimensional network. It is desirable to use a porous material that forms a structural skeleton and has a relative density of about 80% or less.

  The said intermetallic compound will not be limited if it is a combination containing these components, The composition of a well-known intermetallic compound is also included. For example, Ni-Al, Ir-Al, Co-Al, other Pt-Al, etc. are mentioned. Among these, Ni—Al, Ir—Al, and the like are particularly preferable.

  The relative density of the porous material can be set as appropriate according to the intended use, purpose of use and the like, usually within a range of 80% or less. This relative density is preferably 30 to 70%, more preferably 30 to 60%, and most preferably 30 to 55%.

  In the porous material, an oxide layer is preferably formed on part or all of the surface of the skeleton. In particular, when produced by the production method described later, a porous material having such a unique structure can be obtained more reliably. In the case of such a unique structure, excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance and the like can be exhibited.

  The oxide layer contains an element constituting the intermetallic compound. For example, when the intermetallic compound constituting the skeleton is Ni-Al, an oxide layer generally made of aluminum oxide is formed. The thickness of the oxide is not limited and is generally about 1 to 100 μm.

  The content of the intermetallic compound in the porous material varies depending on the use, the type of intermetallic compound, and the like, but is generally 80% by weight or more, preferably 90 to 100% by weight.

(Method for manufacturing heating element)
A heat generating body can be manufactured by shape | molding the mixed powder which consists of 2 or more types of inorganic powder, for example, and carrying out a combustion synthesis reaction of the obtained molded object.

  Although the said mixed powder is comprised from 2 or more types of inorganic powder, these combination will not be specifically limited if combustion synthesis reaction advances. The kind of the inorganic powder is not limited and may be appropriately selected according to the use, desired characteristics, and the like. Examples thereof include oxides, carbides, nitrides, salts (nitrates, chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, acetates, oxalates, etc.), hydroxides, etc., in addition to powders of simple metals.

  The average particle size of the inorganic powder and the mixed powder is not particularly limited as long as it can be molded, but it is usually sufficient to use within the range of about 0.1 to 200 μm.

  In the present invention, in particular, the mixed powder includes at least one inorganic powder (inorganic powder A) of iron Fe, cobalt Co, nickel Ni, ruthenium Ru, rhodium Rh, palladium Pd, osmium Os, iridium Ir, and platinum Pt, It is preferable to contain an aluminum Al inorganic powder (inorganic powder B).

  The mixing ratio of the inorganic powder A and the inorganic powder B may be appropriately set according to the type of powder used, the use of the final product, etc., but usually the inorganic powder A: inorganic powder B (molar ratio) = 1: 0. .About 2-5, preferably 1: 0.3-3.

  Moreover, in this invention, inorganic powder (inorganic powder C) other than inorganic powder A and B can also be further mix | blended as needed. For example, it is desirable to include at least one inorganic powder of metal (single metal such as Ag, Cu, Sn), intermetallic compound, oxide ceramics, boride ceramics, nitride ceramics, carbide ceramics, and silicide ceramics. For example, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, boron oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium boride, zirconium boride, hafnium boride, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, titanium silicide Zirconium silicide, hafnium silicide, and the like can also be blended. These can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.

  The blending ratio of the inorganic powder C can be appropriately determined according to the type of the inorganic powder C, other inorganic powders, etc., but is usually about 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight in the mixed powder.

  In the present invention, a mixed powder containing these inorganic powders is molded to produce a molded body. The forming method may be performed according to a known ceramic forming method. For example, press molding, casting molding, injection molding, isostatic pressing and the like can be mentioned. The molding conditions such as molding pressure may be appropriately determined according to the type of inorganic powder used, the use of the final product, and the like. Further, the shape of the molded body is not limited, and may be any of a columnar body, a cylindrical body (pipe shape), a spherical body, a rectangular parallelepiped, a plate-like body, and the like.

  In the present invention, prior to the combustion synthesis reaction, at least one of a metal, an intermetallic compound, and ceramics can be imparted to the surface of the molded body in advance. Thereby, at the time of combustion synthesis, the metal and / or intermetallic compound and / or ceramic can be melted and adhered to the surface of the formed body, and surface modification can be performed. Specific examples of these include, for example, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, chromium, vanadium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, iron, nickel, cobalt, nickel titanium, titanium aluminum, nickel aluminum, titania, and silica. , Calcia, magnesia, alumina, chromia, hematite, titanium boride, zirconium boride, hafnium boride, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, titanium silicide, zirconium silicide, hafnium silicide, and the like. Moreover, as a method for imparting these, in addition to a method of applying a dispersion or paste in which at least one powder of metal, an intermetallic compound and ceramics is dispersed in an appropriate solvent, a dipping method, a spray method, Examples thereof include a spin coating method.

  Next, the molded body is subjected to a combustion synthesis reaction. The method of the combustion synthesis reaction itself, the operating conditions, etc. may be the same as in the conventional combustion synthesis method. For example, the reaction can be initiated by locally heating the molded body by discharge, laser irradiation, ignition by a carbon heater, or the like. Once the reaction starts, the reaction proceeds by spontaneous exotherm, and finally the desired porous material can be obtained. The reaction time is usually about several seconds to several minutes, although it depends on the size of the molded body.

  The reaction atmosphere is broadly classified into 1) air (in air) or oxidizing atmosphere (first method), and 2) vacuum or inert gas atmosphere (second method).

  In the first method, it is usually in the atmosphere (in the air) or in an oxidizing atmosphere. For example, the combustion synthesis reaction can be suitably performed in air at 0.1 atm or higher (preferably 1 atm or higher).

  In the second method, it may be in a vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere. For example, the combustion synthesis reaction can be performed in an inert gas atmosphere using an inert gas such as argon, nitrogen, or helium.

  The intermetallic compound-based porous material obtained by the present invention has a three-dimensional network structure in both the first method and the second method. In particular, the pores (communication holes) in the porous material are preferably through holes. Although the relative density of the porous material is not limited, it is usually preferably about 30 to 70%. The relative density or porosity can be controlled by the density of the compact, the reaction temperature of combustion synthesis, the atmospheric pressure, and the like. The pore diameter of the pore is not limited, but is generally several tens of microns. In particular, the pore diameter is preferably relatively uniform.

  In the first method, a porous material having the following features 1) and 2) can be obtained. That is, it is possible to obtain a multilayer intermetallic compound porous material having a surface portion made of an oxide and an inside made of an intermetallic compound.

  1) An oxide layer is formed on part or all of the surface of the intermetallic compound porous material. The thickness (depth) of the oxide layer is not limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the use, purpose of use, size, and the like of the porous material. The adjustment of the thickness can be controlled by adjusting the atmospheric pressure of the atmosphere.

  2) Intermetallic compounds are contained in portions other than the oxide layer. In particular, the inside of the porous material of the present invention is preferably composed mainly of an intermetallic compound.

  On the other hand, the intermetallic compound porous material according to the second method is composed of an intermetallic compound having no oxide on the surface portion. That is, the porous material according to the first method is composed of a multilayer of an oxide and an intermetallic compound, whereas the porous material according to the second method is substantially a single layer of an intermetallic compound. However, the porous material according to the second method may contain other components within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.

  In this invention, invention of the intermetallic compound type porous material itself obtained by the 1st method and the 2nd method is also included. As described above, the configuration and structure of the porous material of the present invention can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of inorganic powder used. For example, when a mixed powder containing nickel powder and aluminum powder is molded as an inorganic powder and the molded body is subjected to a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere, an aluminum oxide (alumina) layer is formed on the surface. Thus, an intermetallic compound-based porous material whose inside is composed of nickel aluminum can be obtained.

  The present invention also includes an intermetallic compound-based porous material having an inclined structure in which, for example, the surface of the porous material is constituted by an oxide layer, and the proportion of the intermetallic compound increases as it goes inside.

  The porous material of the present invention can be widely used in various applications in which conventional porous materials are used. For example, heating elements (heating elements for decomposing harmful gases including dioxins, heating elements for generating superheated steam, etc.), filters (diesel particulate filters, etc.), catalysts or catalyst carriers, sensors, biomaterials (artificial bones, artificial tooth roots, Suitable for artificial joints, antibacterial / antifouling materials, vaporizers, heat sinks or heat exchangers, electrode materials, semiconductor wafer adsorption plates, adsorbents, gas vent holes, vibration and sound insulation materials, deoxidizers, etc. Can be used.

  In addition, the said porous material has favorable workability, can be processed according to the above various uses, and can be made into a desired shape. The processing method can be carried out by a known processing method (apparatus) such as cutting.

  In particular, since this porous material is excellent in heat resistance and corrosion resistance, there is little deterioration even in high-temperature superheated steam. Therefore, it can be used as a heater for steam heating. When the material of the present invention is used as a heater for steam heating, a hydrogen-containing gas can be efficiently produced. That is, it can also be suitably used as a heater for producing a hydrogen-containing gas. When a commonly used metal heater or carbon heater is used in superheated steam, it deteriorates at 600 ° C. or higher, and the electrical resistance changes to impair the stability as a heater, and it may be impossible to heat. The heater of the present invention has an advantage that it can be used stably for a long time with little deterioration even in superheated steam at 800 ° C. or higher.

  When the porous material is used as a heater for producing a hydrogen-containing gas, for example, the heater of the present invention is desirably heated to 600 ° C. or higher and brought into contact with water vapor, thereby containing a gas containing hydrogen generated by decomposition of water vapor. Can be generated. Although the detailed principle is unknown, it is considered that the porous material not only functions as a heating element but also has an effect of promoting decomposition of hydrogen and oxygen by contact with water vapor. The generated oxygen is considered to react and absorb with the intermetallic compound, and the resulting gas is mainly composed of hydrogen.

  Examples will be described below, and the features of the present invention will be described more specifically. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the examples.

Production Example 1
A porous material made of an intermetallic compound was produced as a heating element. Iridium powder and aluminum powder were mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 1, and a hexagonal columnar molded body having a length of 100 mm and a hexagonal bottom surface with an inscribed circle diameter of 20 mm was produced by press molding. Next, when one end of the molded body placed on the graphite plate in the air was ignited by discharge, a high-temperature combustion wave of about 2100 ° C. propagated and the combustion synthesis reaction was completed in about 10 seconds. As a result, a porous body having a relative density of 50% having substantially the same shape as the molded body was obtained. This porous body was confirmed to have a three-dimensional network structure as shown in FIG. 1 by observation with an electron microscope. As a result of analysis by powder X-ray diffraction, it was found that the surface layer was made of aluminum oxide containing an iridium aluminum intermetallic compound, and the inside was mainly made of iridium aluminum intermetallic compound. It was also confirmed that the bottom layer in contact with the graphite plate was composed of the same iridium-aluminum intermetallic compound as the inside because the air was blocked. This was used as a heating element in Example 1 below.

Production Example 2
A porous material made of an intermetallic compound was produced as a heating element. Nickel powder and aluminum powder were mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 1, and disk-shaped pellets having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 5 mm to 20 mm were produced by press molding. When one end of the pellet was ignited with a YAG laser in argon, a high-temperature combustion wave of about 1600 ° C. propagated and the combustion synthesis reaction was completed in about 3 seconds. As a result, a porous body having a relative density of 45% having substantially the same shape as the molded body was obtained. As a result of analysis by powder X-ray diffraction, it was found that it was mainly composed of a nickel aluminum intermetallic compound expressed as NiAl. This was used as a heating element in Example 2 below.

Production Example 3
A porous material made of an intermetallic compound was produced as a heating element. Cobalt powder and aluminum powder were mixed at a molar ratio of 1: 0.9, and a cylindrical molded body having a length of 100 mm and a diameter of 20 mm was produced by press molding. When one end of the press-molded body was ignited with a YAG laser in argon, a high-temperature combustion wave of about 1600 ° C. propagated and the combustion synthesis reaction was completed in about 5 seconds. As a result, a porous body having a relative density of 45% having substantially the same shape as the molded body was obtained. As a result of analysis by powder X-ray diffraction, it was found that it was mainly composed of a cobalt aluminum intermetallic compound that can be expressed as CoAl. This was used as a heating element in Example 3 below.

Example 1
As Embodiment 1, an apparatus shown in FIG. The container 1 that houses the heating element is made of quartz glass. This container includes a cylindrical portion 2, a bottom lid portion 3, a gas inlet 3a provided in the bottom lid portion, an upper lid portion 4, a gas outlet 4a provided in the upper lid portion, and a heat insulating material provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion. It is composed of five. An induction coil 6 is wound around the outer periphery of the container (the heat insulating material 5) and wired so as to be energized. 19 hexagonal columnar heating elements 7 are arranged in the container. These heating elements are arranged so that their bottom surfaces are aligned on the same plane. The porous plate 9 is in contact with these aligned surfaces. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2B, the heating elements are arranged so as to have gaps 8 with substantially equal intervals (about 0.5 to 1 mm). When the induction coil is energized, the heating element generates heat by electromagnetic induction heating. Thereafter, water vapor is introduced from the gas inlet 3a. The introduced water vapor passes through the gap, but at that time, the water vapor contacts the heating element and is heated. Part of the heated water vapor is changed to hydrogen gas or the like, and is discharged from the gas outlet 4a as a hydrogen-containing gas. When high frequency induction heating of about 400 kHz was performed with 5 kW of electric power, 1000 ° C. superheated steam gas containing 10 vol% or more of hydrogen was generated and released from the gas outlet 4a.

Example 2
As Embodiment 2, an apparatus shown in FIG. The container 1 that houses the heating element is made of alumina. This container includes a cylindrical portion 2, a bottom lid portion 3, a gas inlet 3a provided in the bottom lid portion, an upper lid portion 4, a gas outlet 4a provided in the upper lid portion, and a heat insulating material provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion. It is composed of five. An induction coil 6 is wound around the outer periphery of the container (the heat insulating material 5) and wired so as to be energized. In the container, a plurality of columnar heating elements 8 (disks) 9 are stacked in 10 stages.

  FIG. 3B shows a perspective view of the A cross section of FIG. As shown in FIG. 3B, the stages are arranged such that the central axes of the heating elements are shifted from each other in adjacent stages, thereby securing a gas passage. FIGS. 3C and 3D show the A cross section and B cross section of FIG. 3A, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, each stage accommodates 14 heating elements, and is arranged so that the central axes of the heating elements are shifted from each other in adjacent stages. When the induction coil is energized, the heating element generates heat by electromagnetic induction heating. Thereafter, water vapor is introduced from the gas inlet 3a. The introduced water vapor passes through the gap, but at that time, the water vapor contacts the heating element and is heated. Part of the heated water vapor is changed to hydrogen gas or the like, and is discharged from the gas outlet 4a as a hydrogen-containing gas.

Example 3
As Embodiment 1, the apparatus shown in FIG. The container 1 that houses the heating element is made of silicon nitride. The container includes a cylindrical portion 2, a bottom lid portion 3, a gas inlet 3a provided in the bottom lid portion, an upper lid portion 4, and a gas outlet 4a provided in the upper lid portion. The configuration of the upper lid is shown in FIG. The configuration of the cylindrical portion is shown in FIG. The configuration of the lower lid is shown in FIG.

  The cylindrical portion 2 is made of a refractory material (heat insulating molded body: refractory brick) that is not heated by electromagnetic induction, and is provided with seven tubular spaces into which columnar heating elements can be loaded as shown in FIG. Seven cylindrical heating elements 8 having a shape substantially matching this space are loaded. Each heating element is designed so that a gap of about 1 to 2 mm is formed between the heating element and the gas.

  An induction coil (not shown) is wound around the outer periphery of the container, and is wired so that it can be energized. When the induction coil is energized, the heating element generates heat by electromagnetic induction heating. Thereafter, water vapor is introduced from the gas inlet 3a provided in the bottom lid portion of the refractory material (heat insulating molded body) that is not heated by electromagnetic induction. The introduced water vapor passes through the gap, but at that time, the water vapor contacts the heating element and is heated. Part of the heated water vapor is changed to hydrogen gas or the like, and is discharged from the gas outlet 4a provided in the upper lid portion of the refractory material (heat insulating molded body) that is not electromagnetically heated as a hydrogen-containing gas.

3 is a diagram showing an internal structure of a porous body obtained in Production Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the gas heating apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the gas heating apparatus of Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the gas heating apparatus of Example 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an upper lid portion of a gas heating device of Example 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cylindrical portion of a gas heating device of Example 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a lower lid portion of a gas heating device of Example 3. FIG.

Claims (18)

An apparatus for heating a gas by bringing the gas into contact with a heating element,
(1) A plurality of heating elements are accommodated in a container having a gas inlet and a gas outlet,
(2) An induction coil for electromagnetic induction heating is wound around the outer periphery of the container,
(3) The plurality of heating elements are a) a columnar heating element, and b) each columnar heating so that the longitudinal direction of the container and the longitudinal direction of the columnar heating element are parallel to each other. The body is placed,
A gas heating device.   The gas heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a part or all of the columnar heating elements have a value of (length in the longitudinal direction / major axis of the bottom surface) of 1 or more in the columnar heating elements.   The gas heating device according to claim 2, wherein the columnar heating elements are arranged such that the lengths in the longitudinal direction are equal and the bottom surfaces thereof are on the same plane.   The gas heating device according to claim 2, wherein the side surfaces of the columnar heating elements are arranged with substantially equal intervals.   The gas heating device according to claim 2, wherein the columnar heating element is a polygonal columnar shape.   The gas heating device according to claim 2, wherein the columnar heating element is cylindrical.   The gas heating device according to claim 2, wherein the columnar heating element is disposed via a heat insulating material.   The gas heating device according to claim 1, wherein a part or all of the columnar heating elements have a value of (length in the longitudinal direction / major axis of the bottom surface) of less than 1 in the columnar heating elements.   The gas heating device according to claim 8, wherein the columnar heating elements are stacked so that the gas can pass through the gap between the columnar heating elements.   The gas heating device according to claim 8, wherein the columnar heating elements and other columnar heating elements adjacent to each other at their bottom surfaces are arranged with their center axes alternately shifted.   The columnar heating element is a material containing an intermetallic compound of at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum and aluminum, and the intermetallic compound has a three-dimensional network structure. The gas heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the gas heating apparatus is formed of a porous material that forms a skeleton and has a relative density of about 80% or less.   The gas heating device according to claim 11, wherein an oxide layer is formed on part or all of the surface of the material.   The gas heating device according to claim 12, wherein the oxide layer includes an element constituting the intermetallic compound.   The gas heating device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the relative density of the material is 30 to 70%.   The gas heating device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the intermetallic compound is contained by 80% by weight or more.   The gas heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the gas is water vapor and is used for generating high-temperature superheated water vapor at 600 ° C or higher by contacting with a heating element.   The gas heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the gas is water vapor, and a hydrogen-containing gas is generated by contacting with a heating element.   A method for producing a hydrogen-containing gas by putting water vapor into a gas inlet of the gas heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 17 and bringing the water vapor into contact with an exothermic heating element.

Images