JP2005277038A - Sunlight power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To drastically reduce the power generation cost of a sunlight power generation system by taking simple wind pressure measures and making effective use of a surplus sunlight, to materialize a change of all lands including lands for agriculture, forestry and fisheries, of course, into lands for power generation without impairing its productivity and conveniences and without being restrained by a direction and a shape of the lands, and to use a sunlight power generation as a main stream of acquiring mankind energy. <P>SOLUTION: In the sunlight power generation system, a horizontal shelf is formed almost on the ground above various fields (living and working spaces of mankind and animals in an agricultural land, a park or a water surface); and a bar-shaped, wing-shaped and plate-shaped sunlight power generation element inclined retaining member with a narrow width north and south and with a long size east and west is integrated with a sunlight power generation module to form a sunlight power generator. It is possible to make the wind pressure measures and maintenance of a quantity of light required for a lower field compatible, and to individually set the sunlight power generators to due south without being restrained by an installation direction (generally coincident with a direction of field) of beams of the horizontal shelf. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention rationally arranges a large number of photovoltaic power generation bodies on the earth.

Solar power generation has mainly been installed by installing it on the roof and roof of buildings, but roofs and roofs that guarantee sunshine for decades are particularly rare in urban areas due to construction of condominiums, etc. Since the number of houses is small, the electric power industry's expectation for solar power generation does not increase. In addition, there are many problems inherent to placing on the roof, such as strength maintenance for firefighting countermeasures, fire prevention countermeasures, and construction costs that are dangerous and laying costs increase, and various measures to improve output per unit area, Although it has responded by adapting to various roof shapes and providing the power generation function to the roof material itself, it has not achieved a significant drop in installation costs.

On the other hand, what about nuclear power generation? The mechanism of extracting energy as heat by gradually fissioning uranium from atomic bombs that explode at a stretch has been advertised and promoted with applause at the beginning of development. However, the downside of power generation is immeasurable. Extensive vulnerabilities such as TRU (super uranium element) that do not disappear even in units of tens of thousands of years, and extreme vulnerability to terrorist attacks on power generation, power transmission, substation facilities, etc. have emerged and the significance of their existence gradually Has been questioned. Moreover, since the output is large, the effect of the failure is large, and it is necessary to provide a spare power generation facility close to the same capacity, and it is necessary to reconsider the economic advantage.

The cost of nuclear power generation is estimated to be about 6 yen per kwh in the evaluation of the power generation end. Since the receiving end also includes all costs such as transmission, substation, distribution, general and administrative expenses, these expenses. If it is equally distributed by the amount of power generation by type such as hydropower and thermal power, it will be slightly over 15 yen. If nuclear power plants are far from the city and carry large amounts of electricity, the ratio of substation and transmission costs is large, and there is a lot of related work and borrowing. It will be inevitable that the price will be 17 yen or more. Furthermore, if reprocessing costs, disposal costs for high-level nuclear waste, and protection costs from terrorist attacks are added, it can easily exceed 20 yen, and even the selling price for each household may actually increase. Hanahada is expensive. Furthermore, stress corrosion cracking, which significantly impairs the reliability of equipment, is a fatal problem of equipment that uses neutrons, and the more times it is examined for countermeasures, the more the number of thermal fatigues increases and the more likely corrosion cracking occurs. Therefore, even the clue of the solution has not yet been found as a difficult problem. It is obvious that using high-grade materials will further reduce cost competitiveness.

To increase the destructive power of neutrons in the fast breeder reactor, and to maintain the standard as a power generation method for practical use due to the increased concentration of thermal stress, and to obtain plutonium fuel Spent nuclear fuel must be reprocessed and it cannot be a more profitable system.

One major reason why nuclear power generation full of shortcomings continues to be the subject of the energy policy of the 21st century is because it has the greatest weakness that a huge area is necessary for solar power generation on a large scale. There is nothing else.

Hydropower, on the other hand, accumulates enormous energy as water evaporated by solar energy from the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan falls into the mountains as rain and snow on the Japanese archipelago. Since the Meiji Era, it has been developed with hydroelectric power, which is Japan's only independent energy, as the most important power source. In recent years, the negative aspects of dams, such as blocking the flow, upstream nutrients and sediments not reaching the sea, dam lakes immediately filled with sediment and lack of investment effect, etc. And the dam is supposed to lose evaluation for its utility, such as waste. However, the negative aspect of disrupting the natural mechanisms such as blocking the river flow and the upstream nutrients and sediments not reaching the sea is the addition of a once-through water channel that maintains the flow from upstream to downstream as a condition for dam construction. However, if we consider that the water resources stored in the dam can be eliminated with a device such as filtered fresh water, and that it has a great ability to respond to sudden fluctuations in power load, it will not move as natural energy in a broad sense. It is a 21st century way of thinking that would make sense to maintain this position.

In recent years, the cost of solar cells has drastically decreased, but other costs such as construction costs and distribution costs have been added, and the cost burden has been increased for strength measures and fire prevention measures not to be destroyed by strong winds and rainfall. Largely, it is not yet highly competitive compared to the unit price of other power generation methods.
JP 4-76233

For example, in order to increase the power generation amount of the module itself as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-76233, a method of attaching a motor and tracking the direction of the sun has been proposed. In order to prevent stress concentration on rods and pins and to prevent it, it is necessary to consider wind speed detection and automatic panel orientation control. For example, power supply for driving the motor is necessary, and a battery for driving and a power meter for purchasing power from the system are added, which becomes an obstacle to practical use and does not satisfy the cost-effectiveness. In addition, the field division of Tabata often does not match the direction from north to south, and in order to match the direction of the strip module to the south, it is not possible to respond without directing the entire panel on the mechanism, so it is suitable for large-scale power generation It is hard to fall.
JP 2000-246287 A JP 2002-371947 A JP 2002-281773 A

In JP 2000-246287, JP 2002-371947, and 2002-281773, it is proposed to install a solar power generator on a float that floats on the water surface, but a large area is set by covering the water surface itself. If this is the case, it will be difficult for the fishery rights to be infringed or to deal with pollution caused by water trash etc.
Japanese Patent No. 3227524

In Japanese Patent Publication No. 3227524, a solar cell and a diffusion lens for diffusing sunlight were arranged at a predetermined area ratio to aim at achieving both plant cultivation and power generation at the bottom. Because the wind pressure applied to the photovoltaic roof is strong, it will be necessary to have a strong construction to create the platform roof of the station in order to withstand the destruction. It is obvious that if the side is closed as in claim 3, a structure equal to the house is indispensable with respect to the wind pressure, and it cannot be economically viable for obtaining a small amount of power and light. .

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and by effectively using simple wind pressure countermeasures and surplus sunlight, the power generation unit price of the photovoltaic power generation system is drastically reduced and used for agriculture, forestry and fisheries. It is possible to change all land as well as land to be used for power generation without being restricted by the direction and shape of the land without impairing its productivity and convenience. The purpose is to be.

In general, agricultural products are usually produced without blocking sunlight, but the minimum value of the amount of received light necessary for the production is not fully understood. It is well known in flower cultivation and the like that strong sunlight in spring and summer causes excessive moisture transpiration and is harmful to plant growth. However, dimming is not economical for general agricultural and marine products and has been overcome by excessive consumption of irrigation water. Using this surplus sunlight as a skeleton, horizontal shelves are provided on the top of various fields (living and working spaces for humans and animals such as farmland, parks, and water), and the width is narrow from north to south. A solar power generation body 1 ′ formed by integrating a long photovoltaic bar-shaped or wing-like, or plate-like photovoltaic power generation element tilt holding member 2 with the photovoltaic power generation module 1 in the east and west directions to prevent wind pressure and provide the necessary amount of light for the lower field. Setting to make the rod-like and wing-like solar power generators point southward individually without being restricted by the installation direction of the beams on the horizontal shelf (generally coincident with the field direction). It is possible to reduce the number of components and reduce the number of components, thereby forming a durable, robust and inexpensive solar power generation group.

All production land such as paddy fields, fields, meadows, inland waters, fallow fields, etc. can be widely covered with solar power generation groups, so that the demand can be expanded extremely and the mass production effect can be maximized to promote the spread. . If this system is implemented in 30% of paddy fields in the country and about 1 million hectares of paddy fields, the amount of generated power can be expected to reach about 340 billion kwh per year. The amount of power generated is comparable to the amount of power generated by 51 nuclear power plants of 1 million kW class. If this amount of power generation is made with petroleum resources, it will be a purely domestic energy that will make up for over 70 million tons of oil consumption. Since Japan's farmland is roughly 4.5 million hectares as a whole, it will be possible to position it as a key energy source for the 21st century by laying down the area south of Kanto where there is little snow and sufficient sunlight can be expected in summer. . In addition, it can be expected to spread throughout the world.

Furthermore, as a secondary utility of this shelf, a net for preventing pests and bird damage can be installed effectively, so that the spraying of chemicals for control can be reduced, and the state of occurrence of diseases and pest damage can be pinned with an always-on automatic camera etc. Since it can be grasped by points, it is easier to produce safe and delicious crops with less absolute pesticide usage. Moreover, the danger of pollution caused by pesticides can be avoided like helicopter pesticide spraying.

In addition, there are many tens of millions of people in the country who do not have a roof for their own roofs or rented houses or condominiums even if they want to purchase solar power generation devices. The basic unit to be transmitted to the system through a conditioner (not shown for system linkage) is determined by dividing the module group for each output of 3 to 5 KW, and this basic unit is a horizontal shelf installed on the field. By renting the right to use solar power, it is possible to promote the spread of solar power generation equipment by the private sector. If the production volume of solar power generation equipment expands and the installation cost per kw is less than 300,000 yen, it will be expected as an operation destination for the management and operation of assets such as pensions, postal savings, and banks. However, it can be a good investment means to mitigate the effects of selling prices of farm products and agricultural products by obtaining power generation facilities on their own.

Farmer income is said to be 100,000 yen in the US. By laying the power of the proposed solar power generation system at the top of 1 rice field so that 3 kw of power can be obtained, the income for 10 power plants on the roof, that is, about 650,000 yen of electricity sales per year can be obtained. Receiving 5,000 yen per year for the rent for a horizontal shelf will add 50,000 yen to the counter-revenue, which can be expected to increase by 50% without effort. Furthermore, if the above-mentioned insect nets and prevention control are ideally performed, it will lead to the production of rice with high quality of reduced pesticides, and the unit sales price can be increased.

In order to reduce the total cost of photovoltaic power generation, various battery materials have been studied with the emphasis on lowering the price of power generation cells (silicon and electrode power generator itself, solar cells). However, as is apparent from the overall cost component contribution ratio, in the process of connecting cells into modules, it is necessary to install weather protection, wind resistance, drought prevention, fire prevention, installation costs for installation on the roof, In addition, a lot of costs are also spent on distribution expenses. The first important thing is to easily improve the wind resistance, so that the tatami-shaped panel shape that is easy to fly when subjected to wind pressure and retains a lot of energy when flying, like rods and wings. In order to disperse the wind pressure and minimize the installation members, the installation work itself is moved from the roof to the ground so that the installer himself can do it as an easy work comparable to agricultural work or Sunday carpentry work. By doing so, expensive construction costs can be reduced.

Naturally, the interval between photovoltaic modules is acceptable in strawberry, leek, broad bean, pea, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, salamander, lily, spinach, salad vegetables, sengoku, parsley, udo, vegetables, etc. Needless to say, it is possible to obtain a larger amount of generated electric power by narrowing the width, and it is an appropriate function that the interval becomes free according to the field conditions. In addition, a function that can be adjusted so that the shade by the solar power generation module is minimized in an unseasonable year when the lack of sunshine is extremely concerned is also important in high latitude areas.

In addition, it is important to deal with rare exceptions such as wind at 60m, windfall, lightning, lightning, and tornado, and avoid spending money on countermeasures. Is a necessary idea to reduce the total cost.

The best mode of the present plan is that the solar module 1 is affixed to a rod-shaped photovoltaic power generation module installation member 2 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. It is attached to the upper part of the horizontal shelf as shown in FIG. 2 with an installation pitch in a range that does not cause an extreme decrease in the yield of the lower crop. The width of the rod-shaped solar module 1 in the north-south direction is preferably less than the leafy width of crops or the like. In the case of rice or the like, a width of about 15 cm in a row of solar cells (minimum unit) is recommended. . In this way, if the shadeable width is narrow with respect to the size of the crop, the sun's height will have a regular change within the day, and the influence on the crop can be minimized. In general, Tabata, which has a side that faces strictly south, is an exception. As shown in Fig. 3 when the field where the plan is installed is viewed from directly above, the bar-shaped photovoltaic power generator 1 ' The direction of the array is aligned to the direction of the beam, separated by Y to the north and shifted by X to the west (in a row). In addition, it is recommended to fix it to the horizontal shelf with an elastic rubber band or rope (not shown) by frictional force because of the commonality and workability of parts production.

In addition, the fastening mode of the module 1 and the photovoltaic module installation member 2 is preferably a flat solar power module installation member 2 so that it does not accumulate at the lower part when rainwater or the like flows down and flows down. It is desirable to mount the power generation module 1 and to fix it by winding a transparent adhesive tape, a resin band (not shown) or the like as appropriate. It is convenient for wiring processing that the lead wire drawn from each module has a groove portion 3 for drawing the lead wire or the like on the module installation surface of the photovoltaic power generation module installation member that is extruded and formed into a bar shape. Various optimum cross-sectional shapes can be considered depending on the latitude and the purpose. FIGS. 4 and 5 are examples in which the photovoltaic power module installation members are in a shape suitable for relatively high latitude regions and can be stacked so that the volume on transportation and packing does not increase.

Furthermore, the solar power generation module 1 has been set with the structure and material with the highest priority on the lifetime, but the cell itself is extremely thin so that the energy used for production is very low. Since the EPT (energy payback time) of the cell body is too short to be less than one year, unlike structural members, it is assumed that it will be used in a shorter period of time than a robust construction that is intended for long-term use. By adopting such a structure, it is possible to quickly receive the benefits of performance improvement and cost reduction. In such a case, the solar cell module 1 in which the battery cell body is simply laminated between the sheet-like films is recommended.

According to an installation example of a general rice field size, one rice field has a short side of 30 m and a long side of 100 m. In order not to provide support in the rice field, a 30m span beam must be made reasonably. Since the beam 91 is arranged in the center without cutting the pipe steel material of 10 m length and the same materials 92 and 93 are reasonably assembled by the joining members 96, 97 and 98, the transportation cost is minimized and welding is not used. There is no deformation and it is easy to maintain the rust prevention effect. It is recommended that the shelf members be purchased and maintained by the paddy owners because it will lead to the installation of insect screens and the practical use of the space movement carrier for management. If necessary, the horizontal shelf 9 may use a reinforcing tension rope (not shown) that prevents overturning.

As shown in FIG. 6, rails 99 for traveling carriers (not shown) are installed at the bottom of the horizontal shelf 9, and the control of the leaves is analyzed by scanning the surveillance camera and the control machine to analyze the color tone of the leaves while at home. It is possible to rationally cope with the occurrence of pests by doing the minimum.

The example shown in FIG. 7 is different from the first embodiment in that the solar power generation module 1 is not directly attached to the horizontal shelf 2 but the solar power generation module 1 is wing-shaped as shown in FIGS. In order to maintain the light receiving surface at a predetermined angle by supporting the power generation module installation member 2 through a bearing at a point P1 in FIG. 10 so that the entire assembly can be rotated, and stretching a spring between the fulcrums P2 and P3. I made it. The assembly state will be described with reference to FIG. 7 viewed from above. The pipe-shaped shaft 4 is inserted into the photovoltaic power generation module installation member 2, both sides are positioned by the fixing member 6, and the shaft 4 is supported by the support member 11 with a bearing ( The pin (P3 in FIG. 10) at the tip of the arm 5 integrated with the support member 11 is used as one end of the direction setting spring 7 so that it can rotate freely. With the pin (P2 in FIG. 10) as the other end, the spring 7 is stretched so that the airfoil photovoltaic power generator 1 ′ is directed in a predetermined direction, and the support member 11 with the bearing is attached to the horizontal shelf 9 with a rubber band (not shown)) It is tightened with etc. and becomes a form installed in a horizontal shelf.

In this way, if a strong south wind blows, the airfoil can be approximately horizontal in the direction of the streamline as shown in FIG. 11 if a north wind blows. The value (drag coefficient) works effectively, the load of the photovoltaic power generation module tilt holding member 2 and the horizontal shelf 9 due to the wind force can be minimized, and the overall installation cost can be reduced. Further, if the fulcrum P2 or P3 point of the spring is changed, the light reaching the lower field can be increased when there is a concern about lack of sunshine, so that it is possible to cope with an extremely insufficient day of sunshine.

A bar-shaped photovoltaic power generator 1 ′ is placed on a horizontal shelf 9 that floats such as the inner water surface 20, and the horizontal shelf has a float 10 around it and is anchored to the bottom 22 by a reinforcing frame 11 and a non-flow anchor 21 below the water surface. . By configuring in this way, a ship can freely pass through the internal water surface of the power generation system, and the maintenance of the system and work such as fishing are not hindered. In addition, since the power generator 1 'is away from the water surface, it has high resistance to various dirt, aquatic plants and moss.

As the principles of nuclear fusion in the 20th century are discovered, the ideal energy source has appeared widely in comics with the “clean and infinite energy” catch phrase, and everyone thinks that it will be put into practical use at the beginning of the 21st century. It was. However, when we studied concretely to realize it on the ground, it turned out that the fusion reaction between hydrogen atoms, which is a reaction inside the sun, is astronomically slow and cannot be used for power generation on the ground. Furthermore, although fusion with deuterium present in a large amount in seawater was also studied, the threshold temperature for sustaining the fusion reaction was extremely high, and this was also not suitable for practical use. I have. Today, human beings are planning to build experimental reactors on a global scale, and because the DT reactor uses radioactive hydrogen (tritium), the expression “sun on the ground” does not apply to the actual situation. It is. Unfortunately, although the DT reaction has the advantage of a low fusion maintenance temperature, it is inevitable that the reactor material will be irradiated with a large amount of neutrons, and it will not be possible unless the inner wall of the reactor itself is constantly replaced. . Furthermore, the radioactive hydrogen tritium is a dangerous substance and extremely toxic substance that causes devastating damage to all living organisms because of its hydrogen isotope, so its containment is a major premise. However, even today from the circular seal surface on the pipe, human beings who are unable to prevent leakage for a long time due to earthquakes, thermal fatigue, material deterioration, etc. are crescent shaped like the fusion reactor. Eliminating leaks from the sealing surface is exactly “it is difficult to do cheaply”, and it is necessary to verify the validity of the propulsion based only on desired observations.

Even if this difficulty is overcome with a new device, the huge nuclear power fusion reactor is subject to terrorist attacks because of its enormous size, and the effects of breakdowns and inspections including explosions are immeasurable. Therefore, it is not possible to expect a power generation facility that is more competitive than a light water reactor. In the twentieth century, giant things were justice, but in the chaotic human society, a device that does not let one destruction work be fatal is required. If the ideal form of a power generation facility is compared to a human body, it will not be fatal when the organ is damaged, such as an aneurysm, myocardial infarction, or stroke, but it may be partially damaged like a skin abrasion. It is necessary to constantly point to an energy source that only needs to be exposed.

This plan not only solves the large area necessary for spreading solar power generation, but also prevents drought and red tide damage by preventing excessive sunlight at the production site of agricultural and marine products. In arid areas, it can meet the needs of the world in the 21st century because it can reduce moisture transpiration, improve water retention and promote greening. It must be recognized that the required area of a photovoltaic power generation system that covers the entire energy consumption of the present world is approximately 1000 km square, that is, it is a size that fits perfectly in the desert area of Australia.

Cross-sectional view of a rod-shaped solar power generator mainly for low-latitude regions where typhoon attacks are common Perspective view of paddy field that implemented this plan (enlarged display of the corner) Explanatory drawing of difference in beam direction and photovoltaic module direction in plan view of paddy field where this plan was implemented Cross-sectional view of a bar-shaped photovoltaic power generation module mainly for regions with heavy snowfall Another example of a cross-sectional view of a rod-shaped photovoltaic generator for relatively high latitudes Typical example of an elevation view of a horizontal shelf in a paddy field (enlarged display on the left side from the center line) Structural illustration of the wing-like photovoltaic power generation group viewed from above An example of a cross-sectional view of a winged photovoltaic power generator Another embodiment of a sectional view of a winged solar power generation body Explanatory drawing of the mechanism to direct the photovoltaic power generator with an airfoil cross section in the incident direction Explanatory drawing when the solar power generator of FIG. Explanatory drawing when the solar power generator of FIG. 10 received a strong north wind Illustration when installed on the surface of the water

Explanation of symbols

1 Photovoltaic module (cell group))
2 A structural member that supports a photovoltaic power generation module and is referred to as a photovoltaic power generation module installation member 1 'Assembly 1 and 2 above 3 Space through which lead wire for drawing out generated power or lead wire 4 penetrates into wing body Shaft part 5 Arm 6 that maintains a fulcrum on the fixed side for tensioning spring 7 Presser member 7 that supports and positions the wing on both sides Spring 9 that directs photovoltaic module toward reference angle Whole horizontal shelf 10 Float 11 Frame under water surface Body 12 between cylinders (gap adjustment member))
20 Water surface 21 Anchor cable body 22 Bottom 31 畦 91-95 Rods 96-98 constituting a horizontal shelf Joints 99 connecting the rods Rail used by the carrier scanning on the paddy field

Claims (3)

There is a horizontal shelf on the ground at the top of various fields (agricultural land, parks, water and other human and animal life and work spaces), and bar-shaped or wing-shaped, plate-shaped sunlight that is narrow in the north and south and long in the east and west The power generation module tilt holding member 2 can be integrated with the solar power generation module 1, and the solar power generator 1 'can freely adjust the north-south distance Y for supplying light to the lower field 8 according to the field conditions. And the light receiving surface of the bar-shaped, wing-shaped photovoltaic power generator 1 'is directed almost southward without being restricted by the beam direction of the horizontal shelf (generally coincides with the short direction of the field). A solar power generation system characterized by being able to set the east-west deviation X freely. The said photovoltaic power generation system which can be in the attitude | position which can reduce a wind pressure exclusively with wind power itself so that the said photovoltaic power generation module inclination holding member 2 can maintain the intensity | strength at the time of a strong wind with few members. Or the said solar power generation system which can be automatically returned to the original attitude | position when the wind speed falls after taking the attitude | position which can reduce a wind pressure with a wind force. A bar-shaped photovoltaic power generator 1 'is placed on a horizontal shelf 9 floating on the water surface or the like at a predetermined distance so that part of sunlight reaches the water surface. The horizontal shelf has a float 10 around it and the power generator 1' A surface-mounted solar power generation system that allows ships to freely enter the lower part of the water.