JP2005269801A - Voltage converter and vehicle equipped with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a voltage converter using a matrix converter that directly converts a polyphase AC voltage to a single-phase AC voltage composed of a desired voltage and frequency. <P>SOLUTION: The matrix converter 38 composed of 2x3 pieces of bidirectional switching elements is connected to LU1, LV1 and LW1 lines of U, V and W phases that connect a motor generator MG1 to an inverter 34. A three-phase AC voltage generated by the motor generator MG1 is converted to a commercial AC voltage Vab by the matrix converter 38, and outputted from a plug unit ACU. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a voltage converter and a vehicle including the same, and more particularly to a voltage converter using a matrix converter that performs AC-AC conversion and a vehicle including the same.

  Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have attracted a great deal of attention against the background of increasing energy saving and environmental problems in recent years, and hybrid vehicles have already been put into practical use.

  A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses a DC power source, an inverter, and a motor driven by the inverter as a power source in addition to a conventional engine. That is, a power source is obtained by driving the engine, a DC voltage from a DC power source is converted into an AC voltage by an inverter, and a motor is rotated by the converted AC voltage to obtain a power source. An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses a DC power source, an inverter, and a motor driven by the inverter as a power source.

  Such a hybrid vehicle is equipped with a generator for charging a DC power source using engine power. Therefore, there is a need to use the electric power generated by the generator as a commercial power source in the hybrid vehicle. That is, a hybrid vehicle is used as a commercial power source when there is no commercial power source facility around the camp or when a power failure occurs.

  On the other hand, there is a need to supply electric power from an external commercial power source to a hybrid vehicle. In other words, it is possible to generate power with a generator using the power of the engine, but to charge a DC power source using an external commercial power source without using the engine, or to make electrical equipment available in the vehicle. is there.

  Such a method of using a hybrid vehicle increases the commercial value of the hybrid vehicle.

  As a technology that can answer the above-mentioned needs, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-56007 discloses a motor generator (motor generator) and the electric power generated by the motor generator, and for driving the motor generator. A hybrid vehicle including a battery, a dedicated inverter that converts a DC voltage output from the battery into a commercial AC voltage, and an outlet connected to the dedicated inverter is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).

According to the hybrid vehicle described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-56007, the electric power generated by the motor generator and stored in the battery can be converted into a commercial AC voltage and output from the outlet. The battery can also be charged using an external commercial power source.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-56007 JP 2002-534050 A JP 2000-278808 A JP 2002-374604 A

  However, in the hybrid vehicle disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-56007, when the three-phase AC voltage generated by the motor generator is converted into a commercial AC voltage and output, it must be converted into DC once. Therefore, in this hybrid vehicle, the three-phase AC voltage generated by the motor generator needs to be passed through two inverters before being converted into a commercial AC voltage and output. If it can be directly converted to voltage, it can be expected to improve power conversion efficiency.

  Further, as in the electric system disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-56007, in the case of a system that once converts the AC voltage generated by the motor generator into direct current, and again converts it into alternating current and outputs it, In general, a reactor and a capacitor are provided, and accordingly, downsizing of the apparatus is hindered, and further, a problem of noise generated by a reactor also occurs.

  Here, a matrix converter is known as a voltage converter that directly converts a predetermined three-phase AC voltage output from a three-phase AC power source into a three-phase AC voltage having an arbitrary voltage and frequency. The matrix converter is small in size because it does not include a reactor or a capacitor in the direct current section included in the conventional AC-AC converter, and the problem of noise generated by the reactor does not occur. For this reason, there is a high expectation for a matrix converter as a power conversion device, particularly in an automobile that requires downsizing and quietness of the device.

  In addition, the hybrid vehicle disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-56007 cannot charge the battery beyond the commercial power supply voltage unless it has a boost converter that boosts the commercial AC voltage input from the outside.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to perform voltage conversion using a matrix converter that directly converts a multiphase AC voltage into a single phase AC voltage having a desired voltage and frequency. Is to provide a device.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle including a voltage converter using a matrix converter that directly converts a multiphase AC voltage into a single phase AC voltage having a desired voltage and frequency.

  Another object of the present invention is to directly convert a multi-phase AC voltage generated by a multi-phase AC rotating machine into a single-phase AC voltage and output it, and without providing a boost converter or the like. A vehicle capable of charging a battery from a single-phase AC power supply is provided.

  According to the present invention, a voltage converter includes a matrix converter that receives an m-phase (m is a natural number of 2 or more) AC voltage, converts the received m-phase AC voltage into a single-phase AC voltage, and outputs the matrix converter. And a control device for controlling the operation.

  Preferably, the matrix converter includes m first power supply lines that receive each phase voltage of the m-phase AC voltage, two second power supply lines that output the single-phase AC voltage as a line voltage, and m M × 2 bidirectional switching elements provided between the first power supply line and the second power supply line, respectively, each performing a switching operation in response to a control signal from the control device. Including.

  Preferably, the control device selects the first and second power supply lines that respectively receive the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage from the m-phase AC voltage at a predetermined timing, and the selected first and second power sources are selected. The matrix converter is controlled so that each bidirectional switching element provided between the line and the third and fourth power supply lines for outputting a single-phase AC voltage as a line voltage operates at a predetermined duty ratio, The converter converts the voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage received by the first and second power supply lines, respectively, into a single-phase AC voltage according to a control signal from the control device, and converts the third and fourth power supplies. Output to line.

  Preferably, the control device includes a first switching element provided between the selected first power supply line and the third or fourth power supply line in accordance with the sign of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time. And a matrix so that the second switching element provided between the selected second power supply line and the fourth or third power supply line operates at a predetermined duty ratio and the other switching elements are turned off. Control the converter.

  Preferably, the control device stops the control of the matrix converter when the voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage is equal to or less than the absolute value of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time.

  Preferably, the control device calculates a predetermined duty ratio based on the voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage and the voltage value of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time, and the calculated predetermined duty The matrix converter is controlled so that the first and second switching elements operate at the ratio.

  Preferably, the control device calculates a ratio between the voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage and the absolute value of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time as a predetermined duty ratio.

  According to the invention, the vehicle receives the m-phase AC voltage generated by the m-phase AC rotator and connected to the m-phase AC rotator that generates the m-phase AC voltage. One of the voltage converters.

  According to the present invention, the vehicle includes a DC power source, an m-phase AC rotating machine that generates m-phase AC voltage, an inverter provided between the DC power source and the m-phase AC rotating machine, and an m-phase AC rotating machine. One of the above-described voltage converters connected to the power line connecting the machine to the inverter, and an outlet unit connected to the voltage converter for inputting / outputting a single-phase AC voltage, input from the outlet unit The control device further controls the operation of the matrix converter so that the single-phase AC voltage is boosted using the coil of the m-phase AC rotating machine connected to the matrix converter via the power line and the matrix converter. The DC power supply is charged by a boosted voltage boosted using a coil and a matrix converter of an m-phase AC rotating machine.

  Preferably, the control device stops the control of the matrix converter when the single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit is smaller than a predetermined value.

  Preferably, the vehicle further includes a rotation position sensor that detects a rotation position of the m-phase AC rotating machine, and the control device uses the single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit to charge the DC power supply. Based on the rotational position of the m-phase AC rotating machine detected by the sensor, the matrix converter is controlled so as to obtain a voltage pattern that generates only the d-axis current for the m-phase AC rotating machine.

  Preferably, the control device causes the m-phase AC rotating machine to alternately generate a clockwise rotating magnetic field and a counterclockwise rotating magnetic field when charging a DC power supply using a single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit. The matrix converter is controlled so as to obtain a voltage pattern.

  Preferably, the single-phase AC voltage is a commercial AC voltage.

  In the voltage converter according to the present invention, the m-phase AC voltage is directly converted into a single-phase AC voltage without being once converted into DC by the matrix converter.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the power conversion efficiency is improved. In addition, since a dedicated inverter for outputting a single-phase AC voltage and a reactor and a capacitor provided in a conventional AC-AC converter are not required, the voltage converter can be reduced in size. Furthermore, since noise caused by the reactor is eliminated, quietness is improved.

  In the vehicle according to the present invention, the m-phase AC voltage generated by the m-phase AC rotator is once converted to DC by the matrix converter connected to the m power lines connecting the m-phase AC rotator to the inverter. Without being converted, it is directly converted into a single-phase AC voltage and output from the outlet unit to the outside. Also, the single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit is boosted using the matrix converter and the coil of the m-phase AC rotating machine, and the battery is charged by the boosted boosted voltage.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, the reactor and the capacitor provided in the conventional AC-AC converter are unnecessary, and further, the boost converter for charging a high-voltage vehicle battery using an external single-phase AC voltage Is also unnecessary, so the vehicle can be downsized. Further, since noise caused by the reactor is eliminated, the quietness of the vehicle is improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a hybrid vehicle shown as an example of a vehicle equipped with a voltage converter according to the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a hybrid vehicle 10 includes a battery 12, a power control unit (hereinafter referred to as “PCU”) 14, a power output device 16, a differential gear (hereinafter referred to as “DG”). 18), front wheels 20R and 20L, rear wheels 22R and 22L, front seats 24R and 24L, and a rear seat 26.

  The battery 12 is disposed, for example, behind the rear seat 26. The PCU 14 is disposed, for example, in an area below the floor located below the front seats 24R and 24L. The power output device 16 is disposed, for example, in an engine room in front of the dashboard 28. PCU 14 is electrically connected to battery 12 and power output device 16. The power output device 16 is connected to the DG 18.

  The battery 12 that is a DC power source is formed of, for example, a secondary battery such as nickel metal hydride or lithium ion, and supplies a DC voltage to the PCU 14 and is charged by the DC voltage from the PCU 14.

  PCU 14 boosts the DC voltage received from battery 12, converts the boosted DC voltage into an AC voltage, and drives and controls a motor generator (not shown, the same applies hereinafter) included in power output device 16. The PCU 14 charges the battery 12 by converting the AC voltage generated by the motor generator included in the power output device 16 into a DC voltage.

  Further, the PCU 14 can convert the AC voltage generated by the motor generator included in the power output device 16 into a commercial AC voltage and output it as a commercial AC power source. Further, the PCU 14 can receive a commercial AC voltage from the outside and boost the received commercial AC voltage to charge the battery 12. The configuration of the PCU 14 will be described in detail later.

  The power output device 16 outputs power from an engine (not shown, the same applies hereinafter) and / or a motor generator to the DG 18. Further, the power output device 16 generates power by the rotational force of the front wheels 20R and 20L, and supplies the generated power to the PCU 14. Furthermore, the power output device 16 generates electric power by a motor generator using the power of the engine, and supplies the generated electric power to the PCU 14.

  The DG 18 transmits the power received from the power output device 16 to the front wheels 20R and 20L, and transmits the rotational force of the front wheels 20R and 20L to the power output device 16.

  FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a main part of PCU 14 shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 2, PCU 14 includes converter 32, inverters 34 and 36, matrix converter 38, control device 40, outlet unit ACU, voltage sensors 42 to 46, control controller 48, capacitor C1, and so on. C2, resistor R, power supply lines L1 and L2, ground line L3, U-phase lines LU1 and LU2, V-phase lines LV1 and LV2, and W-phase lines LW1 and LW2.

  Motor generator MG1 connected to inverter 34 and motor generator MG2 connected to inverter 36 are included in power output device 16 shown in FIG. Motor generator MG1 is a three-phase AC synchronous motor generator and is connected to U, V, W phase lines LU1, LV1, LW1, and receives AC power from U, V, W phase lines LU1, LV1, LW1. To generate a driving force. Motor generator MG1 converts power from an engine (not shown, the same applies hereinafter) included in power output device 16 into AC power, and the converted AC power is converted to U, V, and W phase lines LU1,. Output to LV1 and LW1.

  Motor generator MG1 also functions as a boost converter that boosts the commercial AC voltage input from the outside together with matrix converter 38. That is, motor generator MG1 boosts the voltage received from matrix converter 38 by accumulating the current supplied from matrix converter 38 as magnetic field energy using a coil included therein, and the timing at which matrix converter 38 is turned off. The boosted voltage is output to each of the U, V, and W phase lines LU1, LV1, and LW1. The battery 12 is charged using this boosted voltage.

  Motor generator MG2 is a three-phase AC synchronous motor and is connected to U, V, and W phase lines LU2, LV2, and LW2. Motor generator MG2 generates driving force by AC power received from U, V, W phase lines LU2, LV2, LW2. Motor generators MG1 and MG2 are provided with rotational position sensors 50 and 52 for detecting their rotational positions.

  Converter 32 includes power transistors Q11 and Q12, diodes D11 and D12, and a reactor L. Power transistors Q11 and Q12 are connected in series between power supply line L2 and ground line L3, and receive a control signal from control device 40 as a base. Diodes D11 and D12 are connected between the collector and emitter of each of the power transistors Q11 and Q12 so that current flows from the emitter side to the collector side.

  Reactor L has one end connected to power supply line L1 connected to the positive electrode of battery 12, and the other end connected to a connection point between the emitter of power transistor Q1 and the collector of power transistor Q2. Reactor L boosts the DC voltage from battery 12 by accumulating the current flowing through the coil as magnetic field energy according to the switching operation of power transistor Q12, and power transistor Q12 turns off the boosted DC voltage. The power is supplied to the power supply line L2 via the diode D11 in synchronization with the timing.

  The converter 32 boosts the DC voltage received from the battery 12 based on a control signal from the control device 40 and supplies it to the power supply line L2. Converter 32 steps down the DC voltage received from inverter 34 and charges battery 12.

  Capacitor C1 is connected between power supply line L1 and ground line L3, and reduces the influence on battery 12 and converter 32 due to voltage fluctuation.

  Inverter 34 includes U-phase arm 341, V-phase arm 342, and W-phase arm 343. U-phase arm 341, V-phase arm 342, and W-phase arm 343 are connected in parallel between power supply line L2 and ground line L3. The U-phase arm 341 includes power transistors Q21 and Q22 connected in series, the V-phase arm 342 includes power transistors Q23 and Q24 connected in series, and the W-phase arm 343 includes power connected in series. It consists of transistors Q25 and Q26. In addition, diodes D21 to D26 that allow current to flow from the emitter side to the collector side are connected between the collectors and emitters of the power transistors Q21 to Q26, respectively.

  The connection point of each power transistor in each phase arm is connected to the anti-neutral point side of each phase coil of motor generator MG1 via U, V, W phase lines LU1, LV1, LW1, respectively.

  Based on a control signal from control device 40, inverter 34 converts the DC voltage received from power supply line L2 into an AC voltage and outputs the AC voltage to U, V, and W phase lines LU1, LV1, and LW1. The inverter 34 rectifies the AC voltage received from the U, V, W phase lines LU1, LV1, LW1 into a DC voltage and supplies it to the power supply line L2.

  Inverter 36 includes U-phase arm 361, V-phase arm 362, and W-phase arm 363. U-phase arm 361, V-phase arm 362, and W-phase arm 363 are connected in parallel between power supply line L2 and ground line L3. The U-phase arm 361 includes power transistors Q31 and Q32 connected in series, the V-phase arm 362 includes power transistors Q33 and Q34 connected in series, and the W-phase arm 363 includes power connected in series. It consists of transistors Q35 and Q36. Further, diodes D31 to D36 for passing a current from the emitter side to the collector side are connected between the collector and the emitter of each power transistor Q31 to Q36.

  Also in inverter 36, the connection point of each power transistor in each phase arm is on the anti-neutral point side of each phase coil of motor generator MG2 via U, V, W phase lines LU2, LV2, LW2, respectively. It is connected.

  Based on a control signal from control device 40, inverter 36 converts the DC voltage received from power supply line L2 into an AC voltage and outputs the AC voltage to U, V, and W phase lines LU2, LV2, and LW2.

  Capacitor C2 is connected between power supply line L2 and ground line L3, and reduces the influence on inverters 34 and 36 and converter 32 due to voltage fluctuation. The resistor R is a discharge resistor connected between the power supply line L2 and the ground line L3.

  The matrix converter 38 includes bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, SCb, and power supply lines LA to LC, La, Lb.

  Power supply lines LA to LC are connected to U-phase line LU1, V-phase line LV1, and W-phase line LW1 of inverter 34, respectively. The power supply lines La and Lb are connected to an outlet unit ACU described later.

  Bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb are arranged in a matrix of 2 rows and 3 columns. Bidirectional switching element SAa is connected between power supply line LA and power supply line La, bidirectional switching element SBa is connected between power supply line LB and power supply line La, and bidirectional switching element SCa is connected to power supply line La. Connected between line LC and power supply line La. Bidirectional switching element SAb is connected between power supply line LA and power supply line Lb, bidirectional switching element SBb is connected between power supply line LB and power supply line Lb, and bidirectional switching element SCb is Are connected between the power supply line LC and the power supply line Lb.

  Each of the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb performs a switching operation in accordance with a control command received from the control device 40, and between two corresponding power supply lines when turned on. Current can be passed in both directions. In addition, each of bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb electrically isolates the corresponding two power supply lines when in the off state.

  Matrix converter 38 receives U, V, W phase voltages VA, VB, VC generated by motor generator MG1 on power supply lines LA-LC, respectively, and uses the received phase voltages VA, VB, VC. A commercial AC voltage Vab is generated. That is, the matrix converter 38 directly generates the single-phase commercial AC voltage Vab from the three-phase AC voltage without once rectifying the three-phase AC to DC like the conventional three-phase full-wave rectification inverter system. Here, the commercial AC voltage Vab is output to the power supply lines La and Lb as a voltage difference between the voltage Va of the power supply line La and the voltage Vb of the power supply line Lb.

  The matrix converter 38 receives the control signal from the control device 40 and performs the switching operation of the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, SCb in accordance with the control signal, thereby causing the phase voltages VA, VB, VC is converted into commercial AC voltage Vab, and the converted commercial AC voltage Vab is output to power supply lines La and Lb.

  Matrix converter 38 receives the commercial AC voltage input from the outside to outlet unit ACU as a voltage difference between power lines La and Lb on power supply lines La and Lb, and receives the received commercial AC voltage on each phase of motor generator MG1. The voltage is boosted using a coil, and the boosted voltage is supplied to the inverter 34. At this time, matrix converter 38 generates a voltage pattern for generating only d-axis current for motor generator MG1 and outputs the voltage pattern to motor generator MG1 so that motor generator MG1 does not generate a driving force. A specific switching operation of the matrix converter 38 will be described in detail later.

  The outlet unit ACU receives the commercial AC voltage Vab generated between the power supply lines La and Lb by the matrix converter 38 and outputs it to the outside, or receives the commercial AC voltage from the outside and supplies it to the power supply lines La and Lb. I / O socket.

  Voltage sensor 42 detects the voltage difference between power supply line L 1 and ground line L 3, that is, the voltage across terminals of battery 12, and outputs the detected value to control device 40. The voltage sensor 44 detects a voltage difference between the power supply line La and the power supply line Lb and outputs the detected value to the control device 40. The voltage sensor 46 detects U, V, and W phase voltages VA, VB, and VC in the U, V, and W phase lines LU1, LV1, and LW1, and outputs the detected values to the control device 40.

  The control controller 48 receives a deviation between the reference voltage Vref of the battery 12 and the detected voltage of the battery 12 detected by the voltage sensor 42, generates a feedback control signal for quickly setting the deviation to 0, and the control device 40. Output to.

  Control device 40 receives the detected value of the voltage between terminals of battery 12 from voltage sensor 42, and causes converter 32 to perform a boosting operation that boosts the DC voltage from battery 12 and supplies it to power supply line L2. Controls the switching operation of power transistor Q12. Further, control device 40 controls the switching operation of power transistor Q11 in converter 32 in order to charge battery 12 by reducing the DC voltage supplied from inverter 34 to power supply line L2 to the battery voltage.

  Further, control device 40 causes motor generators MG1 and MG2 to generate torque according to the motor torque command based on the electric power supplied from battery 12, so that power transistors Q21 to Q26 and Q31 to Q36 in inverters 34 and 36 Controls the switching operation. Furthermore, control device 40 controls the switching operation of power transistors Q21 to Q26 in inverter 34 in order to charge battery 12 by converting AC power generated by motor generator MG1 to DC power.

  Furthermore, control device 40 receives the detected values of U, V, W phase voltages VA, VB, VC from voltage sensor 46, and converts the three-phase AC voltage generated by motor generator MG1 into commercial AC voltage Vab. Therefore, the switching operation of the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, SCb in the matrix converter 38 is controlled in order to supply to the outlet unit ACU.

  Further, the control device 40 receives the detection value of the commercial AC voltage input from the outlet unit ACU from the voltage sensor 44, boosts the input commercial AC voltage, and charges the battery 12 in the matrix converter 38. The switching operation of the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, SCb is controlled. Here, control device 40 receives electrical angle θ1 of motor generator MG1 from rotational position sensor 50 of motor generator MG1, and uses the electrical angle θ1 to generate a voltage pattern for generating only d-axis current for motor generator MG1. The switching operation of the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb is controlled so as to be generated.

  In the above description, the matrix converter 38 and the control device 40 constitute a “voltage conversion device”.

  In PCU 14, converter 32 boosts the DC voltage from battery 12 and supplies it to power supply line L2. Inverters 34 and 36 convert the DC voltage received from power supply line L2 into an AC voltage, and drive motor generators MG1 and MG2, respectively. Inverter 34 rectifies the AC voltage generated by motor generator MG1 into a DC voltage and supplies it to power supply line L2. Converter 32 steps down the DC voltage from power supply line L2 and supplies it to battery 12.

  Further, in this PCU 14, matrix converter 38 converts the three-phase AC voltage generated by motor generator MG1 into commercial AC voltage Vab and outputs it to outlet unit ACU, and outputs the commercial AC voltage from outlet unit ACU. Can do. Further, matrix converter 38 receives the commercial AC voltage input from outlet unit ACU, and boosts the received commercial AC voltage using the coil of motor generator MG1. Then, the boosted boosted voltage is rectified by the inverter 34 and charged to the battery 12 via the converter 32.

  In other words, PCU 14 includes a matrix converter 38 connected to U, V, W phase lines LU1, LV1, LW1 of motor generator MG1, thereby generating a commercial AC voltage and receiving a commercial AC received from the outside. A power supply system that charges the battery 12 with the power supply is constructed.

  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb in matrix converter 38 shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 3, each of bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb includes power transistors 62 and 64 and diodes 66 and 68. The power transistors 62 and 64 are made of, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).

  Power transistor 62 has a collector connected to terminal 70, an emitter connected to the anode of diode 66, and receives control signal CS from control device 40 as a base. The diode 66 has an anode connected to the emitter of the power transistor 62 and a cathode connected to the terminal 72.

  Power transistor 64 has a collector connected to terminal 72, an emitter connected to the anode of diode 68, and receives control signal CS from control device 40 as a base. The diode 68 has an anode connected to the emitter of the power transistor 64 and a cathode connected to the terminal 70.

  A connection point between the power transistor 62 and the diode 66 is connected to a connection point between the power transistor 64 and the diode 68. Terminals 70 and 72 are connected to two corresponding power supply lines, respectively.

  In this bidirectional switching element, when the control signal CS is activated, the power transistor 62 is turned on, and a current can flow from the terminal 70 to the terminal 72 via the power transistor 62 and the diode 66. When the control signal CS is activated, the power transistor 64 is also turned on, and a current can be passed from the terminal 72 to the terminal 70 via the power transistor 64 and the diode 68.

  Therefore, when the control signal CS is activated, if the terminal 70 has a higher voltage than the terminal 72, a current flows from the terminal 70 to the terminal 72 via the power transistor 62 and the diode 66. Since the diode 68 is reverse-biased, no reverse current flows through the power transistor 64. In addition, when the control signal CS is activated, if the voltage at the terminal 72 is higher than that at the terminal 70, a current flows from the terminal 72 to the terminal 70 via the power transistor 64 and the diode 68. Since reverse bias is applied to the diode 66, no reverse current flows through the power transistor 62.

  FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration of bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb in matrix converter 38 shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 4, each of bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb includes power transistors 74 and 76. The power transistors 74 and 76 are made of IGBTs with a reverse blocking function. This IGBT with a reverse blocking function has a sufficient withstand voltage even when a reverse voltage is applied to the element.

  Power transistor 74 has a collector and an emitter connected to terminals 70 and 72, respectively, and receives control signal CS from control device 40 as a base. Power transistor 76 has a collector and an emitter connected to terminals 72 and 70, respectively, and receives control signal CS from control device 40 as a base.

  In this bidirectional switching element, when the control signal CS is activated, both the power transistors 74 and 76 are turned on. Therefore, when the control signal CS is activated, when the voltage at the terminal 70 is higher than that at the terminal 72, a current flows from the terminal 70 to the terminal 72 via the power transistor 74. Although the power transistor 76 is reverse-biased, the power transistor 76 has a reverse breakdown voltage, so that the element is not destroyed. Further, when the control signal CS is activated, when the voltage at the terminal 72 is higher than that at the terminal 70, a current flows from the terminal 72 to the terminal 70 via the power transistor 76. Although a reverse bias is applied to the power transistor 74, the power transistor 74 also has a reverse breakdown voltage, so that the element is not destroyed.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of control device 40 when commercial AC voltage Vab is generated by matrix converter 38 shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 5, control device 40 receives U, V, W phase voltages VA, VB, VC detected by voltage sensor 46 from voltage sensor 46 at a predetermined sampling timing (step S1). Then, the control device 40 calculates the maximum voltage Vmax and the minimum voltage Vmin from the detected U, V, W phase voltages VA, VB, VC by the following equation (step S2).

  Here, max (VA, VB, VC) represents the maximum value of VA, VB, VC, and min (VA, VB, VC) represents the minimum value of VA, VB, VC.

  When maximum voltage Vmax and minimum voltage Vmin are calculated, control device 40 determines whether or not the voltage difference between maximum voltage Vmax and minimum voltage Vmin is greater than the absolute value of commercial AC voltage Vab to be output at this timing. Is determined (step S3). When it is determined that the voltage difference between the maximum voltage Vmax and the minimum voltage Vmin is equal to or less than the absolute value of the commercial AC voltage Vab to be output, the commercial AC voltage Vab is obtained from the U, V, W phase voltages VA, VB, VC. Cannot be generated, the control device 40 ends the process.

  If it is determined in step S3 that the voltage difference between the maximum voltage Vmax and the minimum voltage Vmin is larger than the commercial AC voltage Vab to be output, the control device 40 determines the commercial voltage from the voltage difference between the maximum voltage Vmax and the minimum voltage Vmin. A duty ratio m for generating the AC voltage Vab by the bidirectional switching element is calculated (step S4). Here, the duty ratio m is calculated by the following equation.

  When the duty ratio m is calculated, the control device 40 determines the duty ratio M of each of the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, and SCb. The control device 40 determines whether or not the commercial AC voltage Vab to be output is a positive value (step S5). When the Vab is a positive value, the duty ratio M is determined by the following equation (step S6).

  Here, M [Xy] represents the duty ratio of the bidirectional switching element SXy (X is any one of A, B, and C, and y is any one of a and b). Also, δ (VX) represents “X”. For example, when Vmax = VA, δ (Vmax) is “A”.

  Note that the bidirectional switching elements other than the bidirectional switching element whose duty ratio M is determined by the equation (4) have a duty ratio of 0 (switch is off).

  On the other hand, when it is determined in step S3 that Vab is 0 or less, control device 40 determines duty ratio M by the following equation (step S7).

  Note that the bidirectional switching element other than the bidirectional switching element in which the duty ratio M is determined by the equation (5) has a duty ratio of 0.

  When the duty ratio M of the bidirectional switching element to be switched is determined, the control device 40 outputs a control signal of the duty ratio M to the corresponding bidirectional switching element for a predetermined carrier period (step S8). .

  Thus, when the commercial AC voltage Vab to be output is positive, a current flows from the maximum voltage power line to the power line La, and the current supplied to the external load is transferred from the power line Lb to the minimum voltage power line. Then, it is returned to motor generator MG1. On the other hand, when the commercial AC voltage Vab to be output is 0 or less, current flows from the maximum voltage power line to the power line Lb, and current supplied to the external load flows from the power line La to the minimum voltage power line. Is then returned to motor generator MG1. Since the bidirectional switching element that conducts current performs a switching operation with a duty ratio m, a desired commercial AC voltage Vab is generated from the voltage difference between the maximum voltage Vmax and the minimum voltage Vmin.

  Control device 40 detects U, V, and W phase voltages VA, VB, and VC output from motor generator MG1 for each predetermined sampling period, and the duty ratio of each bidirectional switching element in a predetermined carrier period. M is determined, the sampling period is a period for determining the duty ratio, the carrier period is a period in which the bidirectional switching element is switched at the determined duty ratio, and both the periods are the same. Need not be. In general, the carrier period is set shorter than the sampling period.

  FIG. 6 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining an example of the operation of matrix converter 38 when commercial AC voltage Vab is generated by matrix converter 38 shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 6, a period tC represents a carrier period, and matrix converter 38 performs a switching operation with a duty ratio M determined by control device 40 during this carrier period. Here, the sampling period for calculating the duty ratio is the same as the carrier period. However, as described above, the sampling period is not necessarily the same as the carrier period.

  Assuming that the U-phase voltage VA = 90 V, the V-phase voltage VB = −10 V, and the W-phase voltage VC = 50 V at time t1, the control device 40 determines that the maximum voltage Vmax = VA = 90V and the minimum voltage Vmin = VB = −10V are calculated. If the output voltage Vab to be output at time t1 is 30V, the control device 40 calculates the duty ratio m = 30V / (90V − (− 10V)) = 0.3 by the equation (3). .

  Then, the control device 40 determines the duty ratio of the bidirectional switching elements SAa and SBb as 0.3 and the duty ratio of the other bidirectional switching elements as 0 according to the equation (4), and the carrier period at time t1 to t2. A control signal is output to the matrix converter 38 so that each bidirectional switching element performs a switching operation with the above-described duty ratio within tC. Then, bidirectional switching elements SAa and SBb are turned on at a rate of 0.3 with respect to carrier period tC at times t1 to t2 in accordance with a control signal from control device 40, and a desired commercial AC voltage at this timing. V (30 V) is generated.

  FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the flow of current at times t1 to t2 in the flowchart shown in FIG. It is assumed that an external device that receives supply of commercial AC power from the PCU 14 is connected to the outlet unit ACU. In FIG. 7, the illustration of the inverter 36 and the motor generator MG2 shown in FIG. 2 is omitted.

  Referring to FIG. 7, bidirectional switching elements SAa, SBb are turned on, and other bidirectional switching elements SAb, SBa, SCa, SCb are turned off. Then, a current is output from the U-phase coil generating the maximum voltage in motor generator MG1, and the output current is supplied to outlet unit ACU via power supply line LA, bidirectional switching element SAa, and power supply line La. Is done. Then, a current flows through an external device connected to the outlet unit ACU, and the current flows through the power supply line Lb, the bidirectional switching element SBb, and the power supply line LB. The V phase is generating the minimum voltage in the motor generator MG1. Returned to the coil.

  Referring to FIG. 6 again, assuming that the U-phase voltage VA = 30 V, the V-phase voltage VB = −40 V, and the W-phase voltage VC = 40 V at time t2, which is the next sampling timing, The maximum voltage Vmax = VC = 40V and the minimum voltage Vmin = VB = −40V are calculated from the equations 1) and (2). If the output voltage Vab to be output at time t2 is 40V, the control device 40 calculates the duty ratio m = 40V / (40V − (− 40V)) = 0.5 from the equation (3). .

  Then, the control device 40 determines the duty ratio of the bidirectional switching elements SCa and SBb as 0.5 and the duty ratio of the other bidirectional switching elements as 0 according to the equation (4), and the carrier period at time t2 to t3. A control signal is output to the matrix converter 38 so that each bidirectional switching element performs a switching operation with the above-described duty ratio within tC. Then, bidirectional switching elements SCa and SBb are turned on at a rate of 0.5 with respect to carrier period tC at times t2 to t3 in accordance with a control signal from control device 40, and a desired commercial AC voltage at this timing. V (40V) is generated.

  FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow at times t2 to t3 in the flowchart shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, the inverter 36 and motor generator MG2 shown in FIG. 2 are not shown.

  Referring to FIG. 8, bidirectional switching elements SCa and SBb are turned on, and other bidirectional switching elements SAa, SAb, SBa and SCb are turned off. Then, a current is output from the W-phase coil generating the maximum voltage in motor generator MG1, and the output current is supplied to outlet unit ACU via power supply line LC, bidirectional switching element SCa, and power supply line La. Is done. Then, a current flows through an external device connected to the outlet unit ACU, and the current flows through the power supply line Lb, the bidirectional switching element SBb, and the power supply line LB. Returned to the coil.

  Referring to FIG. 6 again, in FIG. 6, the bidirectional switching element is turned on first in the carrier period, but the timing when the bidirectional switching element is turned on is not necessarily the first in the carrier period. There is no need. The on-timing of the bidirectional switching element may be divided into, for example, the second half in the carrier cycle or the first half and the second half in the carrier cycle.

  FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram for explaining a boosting function for boosting the commercial AC voltage input from the outside in control device 40 in the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 9, control device 40 includes voltage calculation unit 82, duty ratio calculation unit 84, and switching control unit 86. Voltage calculation unit 82 receives electrical angle θ1 of motor generator MG1 from rotational position sensor 50 of motor generator MG1, and calculates voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw of U, V, and W phases at electrical angle θ1. The voltages Vu, Vv, Vw of the U, V, W phases are calculated by the following equation (6).

  Here, Ra is a motor parameter, and id is a current value flowing through the motor generator MG1.

  The duty ratio calculation unit 84 receives the voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw of the U, V, and W phases calculated by the voltage calculation unit 82 from the voltage calculation unit 82, and receives the commercial AC voltage Vab detected by the voltage sensor 44 as a voltage. Received from sensor 44. Duty ratio calculation unit 84 generates a duty ratio for generating only d-axis current for motor generator MG1 when the magnitude of detected commercial AC voltage Vab is larger than a predetermined voltage Vlow (Vlow> 0). Du, Dv, and Dw are calculated by the following equations (7) to (13).

  Where V * represents the desired battery voltage and tC represents the carrier period.

  In the above description, the duty ratio is calculated only when the detected magnitude of the commercial AC voltage Vab is larger than the predetermined voltage Vlow when the magnitude of the commercial AC voltage Vab is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage Vlow. This is because the voltage cannot be boosted to the desired battery voltage V * even if 1 is set to 1 (the switch is always on).

  The concept of the above equations (9) to (13) is as follows. That is, the maximum duty ratio D * for boosting from the minimum voltage Vmin calculated by the equation (8) to the desired battery voltage V * is calculated by the equation (9). Then, the voltage ratio of each phase for generating only the d-axis current to motor generator MG1 is calculated by equation (10), and calculated by equation (10) in equations (11) to (13). Multiplying the voltage ratio by the maximum duty ratio D * calculated by equation (9) to achieve a desired boost and generate a voltage pattern that generates only d-axis current for motor generator MG1. The duty ratios Du, Dv, and Dw are calculated.

  The switching control unit 86 determines the switching pattern of the matrix converter 38 and outputs a control signal based on the determined switching pattern to the matrix converter 38. Specifically, the switching control unit 86 determines the switching pattern as follows.

(1) U-phase switch pattern When the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab × voltage Vu is positive, the bidirectional switching elements SAa, SBb, SCb are switched with the duty ratio Du calculated by the equation (11). Other bidirectional switching elements are turned off.

  On the other hand, when the sign of commercial AC voltage Vab × voltage Vu is negative, bidirectional switching elements SAb, SBa, and SCa are switched with a duty ratio Du. Other bidirectional switching elements are turned off.

(2) V-phase switch pattern When the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab × voltage Vv is positive, the bidirectional switching elements SBa, SCb, SAb are switched with the duty ratio Dv calculated by the equation (12). Other bidirectional switching elements are turned off.

  On the other hand, when the sign of commercial AC voltage Vab × voltage Vv is negative, bidirectional switching elements SBb, SCa, SAa are switched with duty ratio Dv. Other bidirectional switching elements are turned off.

(3) W-phase switch pattern When the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab × voltage Vw is positive, the bidirectional switching elements SCa, SAb, SBb are switched with the duty ratio Dw calculated by the equation (13). Other bidirectional switching elements are turned off.

  On the other hand, when the sign of commercial AC voltage Vab × voltage Vw is negative, bidirectional switching elements SCb, SAa, SBa are switched at duty ratio Dw. Other bidirectional switching elements are turned off.

  Then, the switching control unit 86 repeatedly performs the U, V, and W phase switch patterns for each carrier period tC. Thus, only d-axis current can be generated for motor generator MG1.

  FIG. 10 is an operation waveform diagram of matrix converter 38 when commercial AC voltage Vab input from the outside is boosted in control device 40 in the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  Referring to FIG. 10, assume that at time t1, maximum voltage Vmax = Vu and minimum voltage Vmin = | Vw |. In addition, the signs of the voltages Vu, Vv, and Vw of the U, V, and W phases at this time are positive, negative, and negative, respectively, and the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab is positive.

  The controller 40 sets the duty ratio to Du during the period of the carrier cycle tC from time t1 to time t3. Here, since ru = 1 from the equation (10), the duty ratio Du = D * × tC. Since the sign of Vab × Vu is positive, control device 40 switches bidirectional switching elements SAa, SBb, and SCb with duty ratio Du.

  The control device 40 sets the duty ratio to Dv during the carrier cycle tC from time t3 to time t6. Here, since rv is smaller than 1 from the equation (10), the duty ratio Dv <D * × tC. Since the sign of Vab × Vv is negative, the control device 40 switches the bidirectional switching elements SBb, SCa, SAa with the duty ratio Dv.

  The control device 40 sets the duty ratio to Dw during the period of the carrier cycle tC from time t6 to time t9. Here, from equation (10), rw is even smaller than rv, and the duty ratio Dw <Dv <D * × tC. Since the sign of Vab × Vw is negative, control device 40 switches bidirectional switching elements SCb, SAa, SBa with duty ratio Dw.

  FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow when the commercial AC voltage input from the outside is boosted in control device 40 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. In addition, in FIG. 11, the flow of the electric current in the time t1-t2 shown in FIG. 10 is shown as an example.

  Referring to FIG. 11, commercial AC power is input from outlet unit ACU, and bidirectional switching elements SAa, SBb, and SCb are turned on. Then, current flows from outlet unit ACU to power supply line La, bidirectional switching element SAa, power supply line LA, U-phase line LU1, and U-phase coil of motor generator MG1. Thereafter, current flows from the neutral point of motor generator MG1 to the V and W phase coils, V and W phase lines LV1 and LW1, power supply lines LB and LC, bidirectional switching elements SBb and SCb, and a power supply. It returns to the outlet unit ACU via the line Lb.

  Then, at time t2 shown in FIG. 10, when bidirectional switching elements SAa, SBb, SCb that have been turned on are turned off, the magnetic field energy accumulated in each phase coil of motor generator MG1 is released, and inverter 34 The boosted voltage boosted to the power supply line L2 is output via the diodes D23 and D25 of the upper arms of the V and W phases. The boosted voltage is stepped down to the battery voltage of the battery 12 by the converter 32, and the battery 12 is charged.

  Referring to FIG. 10 again, in FIG. 10, the bidirectional switching element is turned on first in the carrier period, but the timing when the bidirectional switching element is turned on is not necessarily the first in the carrier period. There is no need.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the three-phase AC voltage generated by motor generator MG1 is not once converted into DC by matrix converter 38 including 2 × 3 bidirectional switching elements. Since it is directly converted into commercial AC voltage, power conversion efficiency is improved. In addition, since the dedicated inverter for outputting the commercial AC voltage and the reactor and capacitor provided in the conventional AC-AC converter are not required, the hybrid vehicle 10 can be reduced in size. Furthermore, since noise due to the reactor is eliminated, the quietness of the hybrid vehicle 10 is improved.

  According to the first embodiment, commercial AC voltage input from outlet unit ACU is boosted using matrix converter 38 and motor generator MG1 coil, and battery 12 is charged by the boosted boosted voltage. Therefore, the battery 12 having a higher voltage than the commercial AC voltage can be charged using an external commercial AC power supply. And since the boost converter for charging the battery 12 whose voltage is higher than the commercial AC voltage is not required, the hybrid vehicle 10 can be reduced in size.

  According to the first embodiment, when battery 12 is charged using a commercial AC voltage input from outlet unit ACU, a voltage pattern that generates only d-axis current for motor generator MG1 is generated. Therefore, no rotational torque is generated in motor generator MG1. Therefore, an automobile with sufficient consideration for safety is realized.

[Embodiment 2]
In Embodiment 1, when battery 12 is charged with a commercial AC voltage input from the outside, matrix converter 38 supplies only d-axis current to motor generator MG1 so that motor generator MG1 does not generate a driving force. Outputs the voltage pattern to be generated.

  In the second embodiment, when battery 12 is charged with a commercial AC voltage input from the outside, matrix converter 38 generates a voltage pattern that generates a clockwise rotating magnetic field for motor generator MG1 and a counterclockwise rotating magnetic field. And a voltage pattern for generating Thereby, a driving force can be instantaneously generated in the motor generator MG1, but no driving force is generated in the motor generator MG1 as a whole. Therefore, in this second embodiment, it is not necessary to use electric angle θ1 of motor generator MG1 that was necessary in the first embodiment.

  The overall configuration of the hybrid vehicle and the PCU in the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. The PCU in the second embodiment is different from the PCU 14 in the boosting function for boosting the commercial AC voltage input from the outside in the control device 40 of the PCU 14 in the first embodiment, and the other functions are the same as the PCU 14. is there.

  FIG. 12 is a functional block diagram for explaining a boosting function for boosting a commercial AC voltage input from the outside in control device 40A in the second embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 12, control device 40 </ b> A includes a duty ratio calculation unit 92 and a switching control unit 94. Duty ratio calculation unit 92 receives commercial AC voltage Vab detected by voltage sensor 44 from voltage sensor 44. When the detected commercial AC voltage Vab is larger than the predetermined voltage Vlow (Vlow> 0), the duty ratio calculation unit 92 calculates the duty ratio D using the following equations (14) to (16).

  Where V * represents the desired battery voltage and tC represents the carrier period. In the above, as described in the first embodiment, the duty ratio is calculated only when the detected commercial AC voltage Vab is larger than the predetermined voltage Vlow.

  The concept of the above equations (14) to (16) is as follows. That is, the maximum duty ratio D * for boosting from the predetermined voltage Vlow to the desired battery voltage V * is calculated by the equation (14). Then, the voltage ratio r between the predetermined voltage Vlow and the commercial AC voltage Vab is calculated by the expression (15). In the expression (16), the voltage ratio r calculated by the expression (15) is calculated by the expression (14). By multiplying the maximum duty ratio D *, a duty ratio D for achieving a desired boost is calculated.

  The switching control unit 94 determines the switching pattern of the matrix converter 38 and outputs a control signal based on the determined switching pattern to the matrix converter 38. Specifically, the switching control unit 94 determines the switching pattern as follows.

(1) Clockwise switch pattern When the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab is positive, the bidirectional switching element comprising the following combinations (i) to (iii) with the duty ratio D calculated by the equation (16) Are switched in the order of (i) to (iii) every carrier cycle tC.
(I) Bidirectional switching elements SAa and SBb
(Ii) Bidirectional switching elements SBa, SCb
(Iii) Bidirectional switching element SCa, SAb
On the other hand, when the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab is negative, the bidirectional switching element composed of a combination of each of the following (iv) to (vi) with the duty ratio D is set to (iv) to (vi) for each carrier cycle tC. ) Are switched in this order.
(Iv) Bidirectional switching elements SAb, SBa
(V) Bidirectional switching element SBb, SCa
(Vi) Bidirectional switching element SCb, SAa
Thus, it is possible to generate a voltage pattern that causes motor generator MG1 to rotate clockwise by an electrical angle.

(2) Counterclockwise switch pattern When the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab is positive, a bidirectional switching element composed of a combination of the following (vii) to (ix) with a duty ratio D is set for each carrier period tC (vii ) To (ix) in this order.
(Vii) Bidirectional switching elements SBa, SAb
(Viii) Bidirectional switching elements SAa and SCb
(Ix) Bidirectional switching element SCa, SBb
On the other hand, when the sign of the commercial AC voltage Vab is negative, the bidirectional switching element composed of a combination of the following (x) to (xii) with the duty ratio D is changed to (x) to (xiii) for each carrier cycle tC. ) Are switched in this order.
(X) Bidirectional switching element SBb, SAa
(Xi) Bidirectional switching elements SAb, SCa
(Xii) Bidirectional switching element SCb, SBa
Thus, it is possible to generate a voltage pattern that causes motor generator MG1 to rotate counterclockwise with an electrical angle.

  Then, the switching control unit 94 repeatedly performs the clockwise switch pattern and the counterclockwise switch pattern described above alternately.

  FIG. 13 is an operation waveform diagram of matrix converter 38 when commercial AC voltage Vab input from the outside is boosted in control device 40A in the second embodiment. Here, in FIG. 13, an operation waveform at a timing when the commercial AC voltage Vab is positive is representatively shown.

  Referring to FIG. 13, control device 40 </ b> A switches each bidirectional switching element of matrix converter 38 by the above-described clockwise switch pattern during a period of three carrier periods from time t <b> 1 to t <b> 10. That is, since commercial AC voltage Vab is positive, control device 40A switches bidirectional switching elements SAa and SBb at duty ratio D during a carrier cycle tC from time t1 to time t4. Then, control device 40A switches bidirectional switching elements SBa and SCb at duty ratio D during a carrier cycle tC from time t4 to time t7. Furthermore, the control device 40A switches the bidirectional switching elements SCa and SAb with the duty ratio D during the carrier cycle tC from time t7 to t10.

  Subsequently, the control device 40A switches each bidirectional switching element of the matrix converter 38 by the above-described counterclockwise switch pattern during the period of three carrier periods from time t10 to t19. That is, since commercial AC voltage Vab is positive, control device 40A switches bidirectional switching elements SBa and SAb at duty ratio D during the period of carrier cycle tC from time t10 to time t13. Then, control device 40A switches bidirectional switching elements SAa and SCb at duty ratio D during the period of carrier cycle tC from time t13 to time t16. Further, control device 40A switches bidirectional switching elements SCa and SBb at duty ratio D during the period of carrier cycle tC from time t16 to t19.

  FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow when the commercial AC voltage input from the outside is boosted in control device 40A in the second embodiment. In FIG. 14, the current flow at time t <b> 1 to t <b> 2 illustrated in FIG. 13 is illustrated as an example.

  Referring to FIG. 14, commercial AC power is input from outlet unit ACU, and bidirectional switching elements SAa and SBb are turned on. Then, current flows from outlet unit ACU to power supply line La, bidirectional switching element SAa, power supply line LA, U-phase line LU1, and U-phase coil of motor generator MG1. Thereafter, current flows from the neutral point of motor generator MG1 to the V-phase coil, and returns to outlet unit ACU via V-phase line LV1, power supply line LB, bidirectional switching element SBb, and power supply line Lb.

  Then, at time t2 shown in FIG. 13, when bidirectional switching elements SAa and SBb that have been turned on are turned off, the magnetic field energy accumulated in the U and V phase coils of motor generator MG1 is released, and inverter 34 The boosted voltage boosted to the power supply line L2 is output via the diode D23 of the V-phase upper arm. The boosted voltage is stepped down to the battery voltage of the battery 12 by the converter 32, and the battery 12 is charged.

  Referring to FIG. 13 again, in this FIG. 13 as well, the bidirectional switching element is turned on first in the carrier period, but the timing when the bidirectional switching element is turned on is not necessarily the first in the carrier period. There is no need.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, when battery 12 is charged using the commercial AC voltage input from outlet unit ACU, voltage pattern for generating a clockwise rotating magnetic field for motor generator MG1. And a voltage pattern that generates a counterclockwise rotating magnetic field are alternately generated, so that no overall rotational torque is generated in motor generator MG1. Therefore, a vehicle with sufficient consideration for safety is realized. Further, the voltage pattern can be generated without detecting the rotational position of motor generator MG1 by a sensor.

  In each of the above embodiments, the case where a hybrid vehicle is representatively described as a vehicle on which the voltage conversion device according to the present invention is mounted has been exemplified. However, the scope of application of the present invention is limited to a hybrid vehicle. It is not a thing. In general, a commercial AC voltage can be generated by connecting a voltage conversion device according to the present invention to a multiphase AC rotating machine capable of generating electricity, and when a battery charged by the multiphase AC rotating machine is provided, The battery can be charged to a voltage higher than the commercial AC voltage using a commercial AC power supply.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above description of the embodiments but by the scope of claims for patent, and is intended to include meanings equivalent to the scope of claims for patent and all modifications within the scope.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hybrid vehicle shown as an example of a vehicle equipped with a voltage conversion device according to the present invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the principal part of PCU shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the bidirectional | two-way switching element in the matrix converter shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration of the bidirectional switching element in the matrix converter shown in FIG. 2. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the control device when a commercial AC voltage is generated by the matrix converter shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram for explaining an example of an operation of the matrix converter when a commercial AC voltage is generated by the matrix converter shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow at times t1 to t2 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a current flow at times t2 to t3 in the flowchart shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram for explaining a boosting function for boosting a commercial AC voltage input from the outside in the control device in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an operation waveform diagram of the matrix converter when the commercial AC voltage input from the outside is boosted in the control device in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a current flow when a commercial AC voltage input from the outside is boosted in the control device according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram for explaining a boosting function for boosting a commercial AC voltage input from the outside in the control device according to the second embodiment. In the control apparatus in Embodiment 2, it is an operation | movement waveform diagram of a matrix converter when the commercial alternating voltage input from the outside is stepped up. In the control apparatus in Embodiment 2, it is the circuit diagram which showed the flow of the electric current when the commercial alternating voltage input from the outside is stepped up.

Explanation of symbols

  10 hybrid vehicle, 12 battery, 14 PCU, 16 power output device, 18 DG, 20R, 20L front wheel, 22R, 22L rear wheel, 24R, 24L front seat, 26 rear seat, 28 dashboard, 32 converter, 34, 36 inverter, 38 matrix converter, 40, 40A control device, 42-46 voltage sensor, 48 control controller, 50, 52 rotational position sensor, 62, 64, 74, 76, Q11, Q12, Q21-Q26, Q31-Q36 power transistor, 66 , 68, D21 to D26, D31 to D36 Diode, 70, 72 terminals, 82 Voltage calculation unit, 84, 92 Duty ratio calculation unit, 86, 94 Switching control unit, 341, 361 U-phase arm, 342, 362 V-phase arm 3 3,363 W-phase arm, C1, C2 capacitor, L1, L2, LA to LC, La, Lb Power line, L3 Ground line, LU1, LU2 U-phase line, LV1, LV2 V-phase line, LW1, LW2 W-phase line , MG1, MG2 Motor generator, ACU outlet unit, L reactor, SAa, SAb, SBa, SBb, SCa, SCb Bidirectional switching element.

Claims (14)

a matrix converter that receives an m-phase (m is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) AC voltage, converts the received m-phase AC voltage into a single-phase AC voltage, and outputs it;
A voltage converter comprising: a control device that controls the operation of the matrix converter. The matrix converter is
M first power supply lines that receive each phase voltage of the m-phase AC voltage;
Two second power supply lines for outputting the single-phase AC voltage as a line voltage;
M × 2 bidirectionals provided between the m first power supply lines and the two second power supply lines, respectively, each performing a switching operation in response to a control signal from the control device. The voltage converter according to claim 1, comprising a switching element. The control device selects first and second power supply lines that receive the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage, respectively, of the m-phase AC voltage at a predetermined timing, and the selected first and second power supply lines. And each of the bidirectional switching elements provided between the third and fourth power supply lines for outputting the single-phase AC voltage as a line voltage, and controlling the matrix converter so as to operate at a predetermined duty ratio,
The matrix converter converts a voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage received by the first and second power supply lines into the single-phase AC voltage in accordance with a control signal from the control device. The voltage converter according to claim 1, wherein the voltage converter outputs to the third and fourth power supply lines.   The control device performs a first switching provided between the selected first power supply line and the third or fourth power supply line in accordance with the sign of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time. And a second switching element provided between the selected second power supply line and the fourth or third power supply line operates at the predetermined duty ratio, and other switching elements are turned off. The voltage converter according to claim 3, wherein the matrix converter is controlled to do so.   The control device stops the control of the matrix converter when a voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage is equal to or less than an absolute value of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time. The voltage converter according to claim 4.   The control device calculates the predetermined duty ratio based on a voltage difference between the maximum phase voltage and the minimum phase voltage and a voltage value of the single-phase AC voltage to be output at that time, and calculates the predetermined 6. The voltage converter according to claim 3, wherein the matrix converter is controlled so that the first and second switching elements operate at a duty ratio of 5.   The said control apparatus calculates the ratio of the voltage difference of the said maximum phase voltage and the said minimum phase voltage, and the absolute value of the said single phase alternating voltage which should be output at that time as said predetermined | prescribed duty ratio. Voltage converter.   The voltage converter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the single-phase AC voltage is a commercial AC voltage. m-phase AC rotating machine for generating m-phase (m is a natural number of 2 or more) AC voltage;
A vehicle comprising the voltage conversion device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the vehicle is connected to the m-phase AC rotating machine and receives the m-phase AC voltage generated by the m-phase AC rotating machine. DC power supply,
m-phase AC rotating machine for generating m-phase (m is a natural number of 2 or more) AC voltage;
An inverter provided between the DC power source and the m-phase AC rotating machine;
The voltage converter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the voltage converter is connected to a power line that connects the m-phase AC rotating machine to the inverter.
Connected to the voltage conversion device, comprising a outlet unit for inputting and outputting a single-phase AC voltage,
The control is performed so that a single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit is boosted by using a coil of the m-phase AC rotating machine connected to the matrix converter via the power line and the matrix converter. The apparatus further controls the operation of the matrix converter;
The DC power supply is charged by a boosted voltage boosted using a coil of the m-phase AC rotating machine and the matrix converter.   The vehicle according to claim 10, wherein the control device stops the control of the matrix converter when a single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit is smaller than a predetermined value. A rotation position sensor for detecting a rotation position of the m-phase AC rotating machine;
The control device, when charging the DC power supply using a single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit, based on the rotational position of the m-phase AC rotating machine detected by the rotational position sensor, the m The vehicle according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the matrix converter is controlled to have a voltage pattern that generates only a d-axis current for a phase AC rotating machine.   The control device alternately generates a clockwise rotating magnetic field and a counterclockwise rotating magnetic field in the m-phase AC rotating machine when charging the DC power source using a single-phase AC voltage input from the outlet unit. The vehicle according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the matrix converter is controlled to have a voltage pattern to be generated. The vehicle according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the single-phase AC voltage is a commercial AC voltage.

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