JP2005248405A - Wire rope and elevator using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wire rope whose reliability is improved with an outer layer coating and whose deterioration can surely and early be diagnosed at low cost. <P>SOLUTION: This wire rope 1 whose deterioration is detected with magnetic flux is characterized by comprising element wire structures 4 each formed by twisting a plurality of steel element wires 2, pilot wires 30 each having pilot element wires 9 comprising a magnetic material, and an outer layer coating 8 covering the element wire structures 4, and the pilot wires 30, wherein the element wire structures 4 comprise a plurality of the strands and are formed by twisting the strands, and the pilot wires 30 comprise a plurality of the strands and are disposed between the adjacent element wire structures 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a wire rope and a lifting device using the wire rope, and more particularly, a wire rope obtained by combining a strand structure in which steel strands are bundled, and an elevator / crane / lift / lift using the wire rope. It is suitable for the apparatus.

  Rope is widely used in bridges and buildings as static cables, and is widely used in lifting devices such as elevators, cranes, and elevators as moving cables. There are various types of ropes, such as those using fibers for strands, those using steel, those using plated strands, and those using both fibers and steel strands. There are many types of wire diameters, number of wires, and twisting methods. For example, one of the ropes used in an elevator is constructed by twisting a strand formed by twisting 19 steel strands to a hemp core.

  These ropes deteriorate mainly due to the surrounding environment with respect to the static cable, and in addition to deterioration due to the surrounding environment with respect to the moving cable, the rope deteriorates due to bending of the rope, changes in load load, friction with the pulley on which the rope is hung, .

  Furthermore, when the strand is made of steel, it is also deteriorated by corrosion. If the wire becomes thin due to corrosion, the strength of the wire may be reduced, leading to disconnection. In addition, the rope as a moving cord wears due to friction with the pulley on which the rope is applied, minute slip between the strands due to the bending of the rope, and changes in the load applied, in addition to deterioration due to corrosion. May be disconnected or may be disconnected by fretting.

As a conventional method for diagnosing deterioration of a rope, a method of visually diagnosing a break in a strand is performed (Prior Art 1). For example, in the case of a rope used for an elevator, an exchange standard is defined as an inspection standard for the elevator, which is JISA4302. According to this exchange standard, it is stipulated that the rope must be replaced if the following four items are not satisfied.
(1) When the breaks of the strands are distributed on the average, the number of breaks in the pitch is 4 or less than 1 of (strand) from one configuration.
(2) If the cross-sectional area of the broken wire is 70% or less of the cross-sectional area of the original wire, or if the rust is severe, the number of breaks in the pitch is 2 or less than 1 in one configuration.
(3) When the breakage of the wire is concentrated at one place or a specific twist, the total number of breaks of the wire is 1 or less within the pitch from 6 and 12 or less for steel cords, and 8 or less than 16 for steel cords.
(4) The diameter of the worn steel wire is 90% or more of the diameter of the worn steel wire.

  Further, when the strand is made of steel, a rope deterioration diagnosis using magnetic flux is performed (Prior Art 2). There are a leakage magnetic flux method and a total magnetic flux method for the deterioration diagnosis of a rope using magnetic flux. The leakage magnetic flux method detects the magnetic flux that leaks when the rope is magnetized, and diagnoses the deterioration of the rope. If there is a break in the strand, it detects the breakage by detecting the magnetic flux that leaks from it. Is. On the other hand, with the total magnetic flux method, the rope is magnetized and changes in the total amount of magnetic flux in the rope are detected to diagnose the deterioration of the rope. Detection of deterioration with a certain spread such as corrosion and wear is detected. Is what you do.

  Further, as a method for diagnosing rope deterioration, there is a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-302135 (Patent Document 1) (Prior Art 3). This rope deterioration diagnosis method is a method that is used as a load support member at a place where bending repeatedly acts. The rope is provided with an optical fiber in each strand, and is provided with light emitting means at one end of the rope. In this method, a light receiving means is provided at the other end, a change in the amount of transmitted light passing through the optical fiber is detected, and the deterioration of the rope is determined based on the change.

JP 2001-302135 A

  However, in the rope deterioration diagnosis method by visual observation of the above-described prior art 1, it is difficult to check the broken strand when the strand inside the rope is broken in the usage state of the rope. Recently, it has been considered that the outer layer of the rope is covered with resin to reduce the corrosion of the steel wire and the friction with the pulley, thereby improving the reliability of the rope. In such a case, there was a problem that the deterioration of the strands could not be visually confirmed from the outside of the coating.

  Further, in the rope deterioration diagnosis method based on the magnetic flux detection of the above-described prior art 2, it is difficult to detect the disconnection of the inner layer wire surrounded by the outer layer wire, and even if the inner layer wire is disconnected, the rope Since the strength of the rope decreases, there is a problem that it is difficult to reliably diagnose the deterioration of the rope.

  Furthermore, in the above-described conventional method 3 for diagnosing rope degradation using an optical fiber, the optical fiber itself is expensive, and special detection devices such as a light emitting means, a light receiving means, and a transmitted light amount detecting means are required. There was a problem of incurring a significant cost increase.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a wire rope capable of reliably and quickly diagnosing rope deterioration at an early stage while improving the reliability of the rope by covering with an outer layer, and an elevating device using the wire rope.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wire rope in which deterioration is detected using magnetic flux, a strand structure in which a plurality of strands made of steel are twisted together, and a pilot strand made of a magnetic material. A pilot wire having a wire structure and an outer layer coating covering the pilot wire and the pilot wire, wherein the wire structure has a plurality of strips and is formed by twisting, and the pilot wires have a plurality of strips and are adjacent to each other. In other words, the structure is arranged between the strand structures.

In the wire rope of the present invention, the following configuration is more preferable.
(1) An inner layer structure serving as a core material of the strand structure is provided, and the pilot wire is provided between the adjacent strand structures and between the inner layer structure.
(2) The outer layer coating fills a gap formed by the strand structure, the pilot wire, and the inner layer structure, and forms an outer peripheral surface of the outer layer structure.
(3) The pilot wire includes a steel pilot wire and a resin pilot sheath that covers the pilot wire.
(4) The strands of the strand structure have multiple layers in the radial direction, and the twist angle of the strands of the outermost layer is twisted more than 0 degrees with respect to the twist angle of the strands on the inner layer side about.

  In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides a wire rope in which deterioration is detected using a magnetic flux, a strand structure in which a plurality of strands made of steel are twisted together, and the strand structure. A plurality of strands of wire structure formed by twisting together, and the strands of the strand structure have a plurality of layers in the radial direction and the strands of the outermost layer The twisting angle of the inner layer is twisted more than 0 degree with respect to the twisting angle of the inner-layer side strand, and the outermost-layer strand is also used as the pilot wire.

  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to an elevating part for elevating a person or a luggage, a wire rope connected to the elevating part, and moving the wire rope to move the elevating part up and down. In a lifting device including a drive mechanism and a deterioration detection unit that detects a deterioration state of the wire rope using magnetic flux, the wire rope includes a strand structure in which a plurality of strands of steel are twisted together A pilot wire having a pilot strand made of a magnetic material, and an outer layer coating covering the strand structure and the pilot wire, the strand structure having a plurality of strips and formed by twisting, The pilot wire has a plurality of strips and is disposed between the adjacent wire structures, and the deterioration detecting unit is installed in the vicinity of a portion where the wire rope is bent.

  Furthermore, in order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention relates to an elevating unit for elevating a person or a luggage, a wire rope connected to the elevating unit, and moving the wire rope to move the elevating unit up and down. In a lifting device including a drive mechanism and a deterioration detection unit that detects a deterioration state of the wire rope using magnetic flux, the wire rope includes a strand structure in which a plurality of strands of steel are twisted together An outer layer coating for covering the strand structure, the strand structure having a plurality of strands and being twisted together, and the strands of the strand structure having a plurality of layers in the radial direction, The strand angle of the outer layer side wire is set to be smaller than the twist angle of the inner layer side strand, and the outer layer side strand is also used as a pilot wire, and the deterioration detecting unit is a portion of the portion where the wire rope is bent. It is installed in the vicinity Lies in the fact.

  According to the present invention, the above-described configuration makes it possible to improve the reliability of the rope by covering the outer layer, and to reliably and quickly diagnose the rope deterioration at an early stage, and a lifting device using the wire rope. Can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, a plurality of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings of the respective embodiments indicate the same or equivalent. The present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed in the embodiments, and the modifications included in the present invention are allowed.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, an elevator which is an example of a lifting device will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an elevator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

  The elevator 50 according to this embodiment includes a car 13, a counterweight 14, a drive mechanism 20, and a magnetic flux detection unit 18. The drive mechanism 20 is for moving the wire rope 1 to move the car 13 up and down, and includes a prime mover 15, a sheave 16, a baffle 17 and the like. The car 13 is used to carry a person or a baggage up and down, and the counterweight 14 is used to reduce the load of the car 13 applied to the prime mover 15. The car 13 and the counterweight 14 are fixed to both ends of the wire rope 1 and are moved up and down as the wire rope 1 moves. In the present embodiment, the drive mechanism 20 includes the prime mover 15, the sheave 16, the deflector wheel 17, and the like. However, the present invention can also be applied to a drive mechanism that winds the wire rope 1 around a drum or the like. It is.

  The wire rope 1 is formed by coating a strand structure 4 formed by bundling steel strands 2 with a resin outer layer coating 8 (see FIG. 2). By this outer layer coating 8, the corrosion of the wire 2 is suppressed, and wear due to friction with the sheave 16 and the deflecting wheel 17 is reduced. The wire rope 1 is supported by being hung on a drive mechanism 20. In the illustrated example, it is supported by being supported by a sheave 16 attached to the prime mover 15 and a deflecting wheel 17. Therefore, the weight of the car 13 and the counterweight 14 is always added to the wire rope 1, and the weight of a person or a baggage is further added during driving. The wire rope 1 is bent when passing through the sheave 16 and the deflecting wheel 17 of the driving mechanism 20 of the driving mechanism 20, and this bending is repeated each time the car 13 moves up and down. By these, the deterioration of the wire rope 1 proceeds, and in particular, the progress of the deterioration is promoted by bending. Deterioration of the wire rope 1 must be performed by a method other than visual observation because the inner strand cannot be seen by the outer layer coating 8.

  In this embodiment, a deterioration detector (rope tester) 18 for detecting magnetic flux is provided in the vicinity of the sheave 16 (in other words, the deterioration detector 18 is in the vicinity of a portion where the wire rope 1 is bent by the drive mechanism 30). Installed) so that deterioration can be diagnosed early by detecting magnetic flux. The deterioration detection unit 18 can perform deterioration diagnosis of the wire rope 1 whose inside cannot be seen by the outer layer coating 8 by performing deterioration diagnosis using magnetic flux.

  As a deterioration diagnosis method using magnetic flux, a leakage magnetic flux method or a total magnetic flux method is used. The leakage magnetic flux method is a method of diagnosing deterioration by measuring the magnetic flux leaking when the wire rope 1 is magnetized, and is suitable for detecting discontinuous deterioration of the rope such as disconnection. The total magnetic flux method is a method of diagnosing deterioration by magnetizing the wire rope 1 and measuring how much the magnetic flux of the wire rope 1 has changed as a total amount, and is distributed with a certain degree of spread such as corrosion and wear. Suitable for detecting deterioration. In this embodiment, the leakage magnetic flux method is used. The specific deterioration diagnosis method of this embodiment will be described later in detail.

  And the detection result by the deterioration detection part 18 is displayed on the monitoring apparatus of the management room which manages the driving | running | working of the elevator 50, the hand monitoring apparatus of the person who performs a deterioration detection diagnosis, etc., and can be monitored remotely. Yes.

  Next, the wire rope 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a wire rope used in the elevator of FIG.

  The wire rope 1 includes an inner layer structure 1a at the center and an outer layer structure 1b at the outer periphery. The inner layer structure 1a functions as a core material for enabling the strand structure 4 to be twisted with a predetermined inner diameter. The exterior structure 1b is configured to ensure strength, which is the main function of the wire rope 1.

  The inner layer structure 1 a includes a resin core 5, a strand 6 formed by twisting steel strands, and a resin inner layer coating 7. The core 5 constitutes the most central part of the wire rope 1. The strand 6 is provided in order to ensure the strength as the inner layer structure 1a, and a plurality of strands (5 in the illustrated example) are installed so as to extend along the outer periphery of the core 5. The inner layer coating 7 is formed so as to cover the core 5 and the strand 6, and forms the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer structure 1a.

  The exterior structure 1b includes a strand structure 4, a pilot wire 30, and an outer layer coating 8.

  The strand structure 4 has a plurality of strips (eight strips in the illustrated example) and is twisted on the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer structure 1a, and constitutes a main part that ensures the strength of the wire rope 1. The strand structure 4 includes a steel strand 2 and a resin sheath 3. The strand 2 has a large number of strips, is formed by twisting them together, and is set so as to bear almost the entire strength of the wire rope 1. The strand covering 3 covers the twisted strand 2 and is provided as necessary. With this strand covering 3, wear between the strands 2 can be reduced.

  The pilot wire 30 is used for diagnosing deterioration of the wire rope 1, and includes a steel pilot strand 9 and a resin pilot strand coating 10 which are magnetic materials. The pilot wire 9 made of a magnetic material is less expensive than an optical fiber. A plurality of pilot wires 30 are provided, each provided along the strand structure 4 and twisted together with the strand structure 4. Further, these pilot wires 30 are arranged between the adjacent strand structures 4 and are installed so that a surface pressure is applied from the strand structure 4 when the wire rope 1 is bent. As a result, the pilot wire 30 is deteriorated earlier than the strand 2 of the strand structure 4. In particular, in this embodiment, since it is provided between the adjacent strand structures 4 and between the inner layer structures 1a, when the wire rope 1 is bent, the strand structures 4 Due to the applied surface pressure, the pilot wire 30 is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the inner layer structure 1a, so that the deterioration of the pilot wire 30 can surely proceed. The pilot wire 30 is a wire for indicating deterioration, and basically does not share the strength of the rope.

  The outer layer coating 8 is provided on the outer periphery of the inner layer structure 1a, and covers the strand structure 4 and the pilot wire 30 to protect them. The outer layer coating 8 is formed by filling a gap formed by the strand structure 4, the pilot wire 30, and the inner layer structure 1a. The outer layer coating 8 can suppress the deterioration of the wire rope 1.

  Since the strength of the wire rope 1 is reduced when the wire 2 is broken due to deterioration, the wire rope 1 must be replaced. In the case of an elevator, the wire rope 1 is replaced before the remaining strength of the wire rope 1 is reduced to 80% or less. It must be.

  Between the adjacent strand structures 4, when the wire rope 1 is pulled, the strand structure 4 depends on the center. By placing the pilot wire 30 at this position, the pilot strand 9 is attached to both sides. The wire structure 4 is easily subjected to early disconnection due to a large surface pressure. Unlike the strand 2, the pilot strand 9 is not a member that shares strength, and therefore, the residual strength of the wire rope 1 hardly decreases even if it is disconnected.

  Next, the deterioration diagnosis of the wire rope 1 due to the magnetic flux will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the disconnection detection strength and the remaining rope strength for deterioration diagnosis in the elevator 50 of FIG. The disconnection detection strength in FIG. 3 represents the detected amount of magnetic flux density by the leakage magnetic flux method as strength, and increases as the number of disconnections of the pilot wire 9 increases. The rope remaining strength is expressed with the initial strength of the wire rope 1 being 100%.

  When the pilot strand 9 is disconnected and the number of disconnections increases, the disconnection detection strength increases. When the disconnection detection strength increases, the rope residual strength gradually decreases as shown in FIG. Then, after the number of pilot strands 9 increases, when the strand 2 starts to break, the rope residual strength further decreases, eventually the strand structure 4 is disconnected, and the rope residual strength decreases at a stretch. To do. Therefore, by measuring the disconnection detection strength of the wire rope 1, it is possible to reliably diagnose the deterioration of the wire rope 1 before the strand structure 4 is disconnected. The deterioration diagnosis by the deterioration detection unit 18 that detects the magnetic flux can be made cheaper than the deterioration diagnosis using the optical fiber of the prior art 3.

  By obtaining the data of FIG. 3 in advance, the disconnection detection strength Ic when the remaining rope strength is below the usable range can be found. For example, in the elevator 50, it is necessary to replace the wire rope 1c until the disconnection residual strength becomes 80% or less, but the disconnection detection strength Ic with the rope residual strength of 80% can be specified. Therefore, in the elevator, the wire rope 1 may be replaced when the degradation detection unit 18 detects the disconnection detection strength Ic (or a slightly lower disconnection detection strength) when the remaining rope strength becomes 80%.

  FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between rope usage time and disconnection detection strength in the deterioration diagnosis of the elevator 50 of FIG. Since the element wire 2 and the pilot element wire 9 are not disconnected at the initial stage of use, the disconnection detection intensity is zero. With the use of the elevator 50, the disconnection detection intensity gradually increases. This is due to the disconnection of the pilot wire 9. And the disconnection detection intensity | strength increases remarkably from a certain place. This is because the strand 2 sharing the strength starts to break. Since the strand 2 that bears the strength is disposed outside the wire rope 1 than the pilot strand 9, the disconnection detection strength is increased. The remaining strength of the wire rope 1 does not decrease so much until the use time tm when the disconnection detection strength suddenly increases, so the number of maintenance may be small. When the usage time exceeds tm, the remaining strength of the wire rope 1 is greatly reduced, so that the number of maintenance needs to be increased. Then, the wire rope 1 is exchanged until the disconnection detection strength Ic at which the residual strength obtained from FIG. 3 is 80%.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a wire rope 1 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a side view showing a part of the strand 2 constituting the strand structure 4 of FIG. In addition, since the structure of the elevator in which the wire rope 1 of this 2nd Example is used is the same as that of a 1st Example, illustration and description are abbreviate | omitted.

  The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment as described below, and is basically the same as the first embodiment in other points. That is, this 2nd Example is not provided with the pilot wire 30, and the method of twisting the strand 2 which comprises the strand structure 4 differs from a 1st Example.

  The strand 2 of the second embodiment is formed by twisting the twist angle of the outermost strand 2a at an angle θ larger than 0 degree with respect to the twist angle of the lowermost strand 2b. . According to the strand 2, the surface pressure between the strands 2a and 2b when the wire rope 1 is used increases, the outermost strand 2a is easily disconnected, and functions as a pilot line. The outermost strand 2a is more easily detected by detection of deterioration due to magnetic flux than the inner strand 2b. As described above, when the outermost strand 11 is disconnected, the deterioration detection unit 18 can reliably detect the deterioration, and the deterioration of the wire rope 1 can be diagnosed at an early stage.

  Incidentally, by applying the configuration of the strand 2 of the strand structure 4 of the second embodiment to the strand 2 of the strand structure 4 of the first embodiment, the deterioration diagnosis by detecting the disconnection of the pilot line 30 is performed. Subsequently, the deterioration diagnosis can be performed by detecting the disconnection of the outermost layer strand 2a of the strand structure 4. As a result, the detection accuracy of deterioration is improved, and deterioration can be diagnosed at an early stage.

It is a block diagram of the raising / lowering apparatus of 1st Example of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the wire rope used for the raising / lowering apparatus of FIG. It is a characteristic view which shows the relationship between the disconnection detection strength and rope residual strength of the deterioration diagnosis in the elevator of FIG. It is a characteristic view which shows the relationship between the rope use time in the deterioration diagnosis by the magnetic flux of the raising / lowering apparatus of FIG. 1, and a disconnection detection strength. It is sectional drawing of the wire rope used for the raising / lowering apparatus of 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the twist angle of the strand structure in the wire rope of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wire rope, 1a ... Inner layer structure, 1b ... Outer layer structure, 2 ... Elementary wire, 3 ... Elementary wire covering, 4 ... Elementary wire structure, 5 ... Core, 6 ... Strand, 7 ... Resin structure, 8 ... outer layer coating, 9 ... pilot strand, 10 ... pilot strand coating, 11 ... outermost layer strand, 12 ... lower layer strand, 13 ... car (elevating part), 14 ... counterweight, 15 ... prime mover, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 16 ... Sheave, 17 ... Baffle wheel, 18 ... Deterioration detection part (rope tester), 20 ... Drive mechanism, 30 ... Pilot wire, 50 ... Elevator (elevating device).

Claims (8)

In wire ropes where deterioration is detected using magnetic flux,
A strand structure in which multiple strands of steel strands are twisted together;
A pilot wire having a pilot wire made of a magnetic material;
An outer layer coating covering the strand structure and the pilot wire,
The strand structure is formed by twisting together with a plurality of strips,
The wire rope characterized by having a plurality of the pilot wires and being disposed between the adjacent wire structures.   The wire rope according to claim 1, further comprising an inner layer structure serving as a core material of the strand structure, wherein the pilot wire is sandwiched between the adjacent strand structures and the inner layer structure. A wire rope characterized by being provided as   3. The wire rope according to claim 2, wherein the outer layer coating fills a gap formed by the strand structure, the pilot wire, and the inner layer structure and forms an outer peripheral surface of the outer layer structure. A wire rope characterized by   3. The wire rope according to claim 2, wherein the pilot wire includes a steel pilot wire and a resin pilot sheath that covers the pilot wire.   2. The wire rope according to claim 1, wherein the strands of the strand structure have a plurality of radial layers, and the strand angle of the outermost strand is set to the strand angle of the strand on the inner layer side. A wire rope characterized by twisting more than 0 degrees. In wire ropes where deterioration is detected using magnetic flux,
A strand structure in which multiple strands of steel strands are twisted together;
An outer layer coating that covers the strand structure,
The strand structure is formed by twisting together with a plurality of strips,
The strand of the strand structure has a plurality of layers in the radial direction, and the strand angle of the strand of the outermost layer is twisted more than 0 degrees with respect to the strand angle of the strand on the inner layer side to A wire rope characterized by using a strand as a pilot wire. A lifting part that lifts and lowers people and luggage,
A wire rope connected to the elevating part;
A drive mechanism for moving the wire rope to move the lifting unit up and down;
In a lifting device comprising a deterioration detection unit that detects a deterioration state of the wire rope using magnetic flux,
The wire rope includes a strand structure obtained by twisting a plurality of strands of steel, a pilot wire having a pilot strand made of a magnetic material, and an outer layer coating that covers the strand structure and the pilot wire. With
The strand structure is formed by twisting together with a plurality of strips,
The pilot wire has a plurality of strips and is disposed between the adjacent wire structures,
The deterioration detecting unit is installed in the vicinity of a portion where the wire rope is bent. A lifting part that lifts and lowers people and luggage,
A wire rope connected to the elevating part;
A drive mechanism for moving the wire rope to move the lifting unit up and down;
In a lifting device comprising a deterioration detection unit that detects a deterioration state of the wire rope using magnetic flux,
The wire rope includes a strand structure obtained by twisting a plurality of strands of steel, and an outer layer coating that covers the strand structure,
The strand structure is formed by twisting together with a plurality of strips,
The strand of the strand structure has a plurality of layers in the radial direction, and the strand angle of the strand of the outermost layer is twisted more than 0 degrees with respect to the strand angle of the strand on the inner layer side to Use the wire as a pilot wire,
The deterioration detecting unit is installed in the vicinity of a portion where the wire rope is bent.

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