JP2005240444A - Open-cut method for road using cylindrical type cutter - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To carry out open-cut and back-filling in a short time, to abate traffic hindrance, to reduce the construction cost, and to lighten an environmental burden by reducing the amount of production of surplus soil. <P>SOLUTION: By using a cylindrical type cutter (6) provided with a cutting tooth (4) at its opening end, a semicircular cylinder-shaped earth-and-sand lump (16') is hollowed out of the earth and sand (16) and is separated from a road to form an excavated channel (22). A small channel is formed in the bottom of the excavated channel, where a pipe line or the like is laid. Then the earth-and-sand lump which is hollowed out is returned to its original position while its shape is maintained to restore the road. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an excavation method for roads (referring to paved roads in general), and more specifically, a long object (hereinafter referred to as a “pipe line or the like”) such as a conduit of an electric wire, a gas pipe, or an optical fiber cable in a shallow layer. ) Related to the excavation method.

  Conventionally, when laying pipes and the like at a relatively shallow position under a road, an open-cut method that is easy to work and relatively low in construction costs has been used. The excavation method is a method of excavating earth and sand directly from the ground using heavy machinery or the like, laying pipes and the like in the formed excavation groove, and then filling it back.

  However, since most of the excavation methods are performed using roads, traffic obstruction due to lane restrictions is a major problem during construction. For this reason, on high-traffic roads, construction was restricted only during limited time periods when traffic volume was relatively low, such as at night. In other words, in such road excavation methods, digging is started by regulating lanes after the traffic volume decreases at night, and the excavation grooves formed by dawn when traffic volume increases are temporarily filled. I had to go back and complete the temporary restoration work and open the road. On the next day, digging was continued again from the previous day and laying work was continued. For this reason, such laying work often involves only a fraction of a day's work compared to laying work without such restrictions, and as a result, the cost required for the work increases dramatically. There was a problem.

In order to solve the problem of traffic obstacles, various non-cutting methods such as shield method and propulsion method have been developed. In general, the non-cutting method is a method in which an excavator is sent out from a starting shaft, and a pipe or the like is laid by pushing the steel pipe, the fume pipe, etc. connected to the excavator from behind with a hydraulic jack or the like. The non-open-cut method requires only one section of start and reach shafts, so there is less impact on ground traffic compared to the open-cut method, and the noise caused by construction does not reach a wide range. In addition, since the amount of residual soil (asphalt, soil, etc.) that must be treated is small, the load on the environment is small. On the other hand, however, there is a problem that a large space is required for the departure base and the construction cost is high.
Therefore, the non-opening method is usually used for large-scale pipe laying work and pipe laying work deep in the ground, and is rarely used when laying pipes etc. in shallow layers. .

As described above, each of the open-cut method and the non-open-cut method has advantages and disadvantages, and various improvements have been made to improve the shortcomings of each method. However, there has been no effect yet.
JP200221098 JP2003-185058

  As described above, when laying a pipe line or the like in a shallow layer, it is still common to employ an open-cut method because of its simplicity. Therefore, in the open-cut method, while maintaining and improving the advantages such as ease of work and low construction cost, (1) traffic obstacles during construction, (2) prolonged construction period, (3) environmental load due to generated soil, ( 4) It is important to solve the problems such as construction noise and respond to the demands of laying work represented by underground cable.

  The present invention has been proposed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and by reducing the construction period by improving the construction efficiency and shortening the construction period as much as possible, the construction cost can be reduced. The purpose is to provide a road excavation method using a cylindrical cutter for minimizing lane restrictions associated with construction and further reducing environmental impact.

  In order to achieve the above object, the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 1 is a cylindrical cutter having a cutting tooth (4) at one open end of a cylindrical drum (2). 6), while rotating the cylindrical cutter, the semi-circular shape (16) including the pavement surface (11) is pushed out in the axial direction in parallel with the road surface of the road (8) while maintaining its shape. Drilling into the column-shaped earth and sand block (16 '), cutting the earth and sand perpendicular to the traveling direction of the cylindrical cutter with a disk-shaped cutter (18), separating the semi-columnar earth and sand block from the road and excavating grooves (22) A cutting step (S3) for forming a slab, and a backfilling step (S6) for restoring the road by returning the earth and sand lump penetrated in the cutting step to its original position while maintaining its shape. It is characterized by.

  In the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 2, in order to install the cylindrical cutter (6), a starting hole (12) having a depth substantially equal to the radial length of the cylindrical cutter is provided. A start hole forming step (S1) formed on the road (8), and a cutter placement step for placing the cylindrical cutter in the start hole so that the axial direction thereof is substantially parallel to the road surface and almost half thereof is below the road surface ( And S2).

  The road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 3 performs excavation continuously while replacing the cylindrical cutter (6) containing the earth and sand lump (16 ') with a new cylindrical cutter. An extension step (S4) for extending the excavation groove (22), and a small groove (26) having a size necessary for installing a pipe line (24) at the bottom of the excavation groove is formed. And a laying step (S5) of backfilling only the small groove after the installation of the etc. and adjusting the excavation groove to the original shape.

  The road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 4 reduces the friction between the axially rotating cylindrical cutter (6) and the earth and sand (16) in the cutting step (S3), and the earth and sand lump. The earth and sand are cut while replenishing the cylindrical cutter with a lubricant and coagulant for maintaining the shape of (16 ′).

  The road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the backfilling step (S6), the cylindrical cutter (6) containing the sediment block (16 ') The excavation groove (22) is arranged so as to return to the position of the earth, and the operation of extracting only the cylindrical cutter while maintaining the shape and position of the earth and sand lump is repeated for each cylindrical cutter, and then the start hole (12) It is characterized by performing backfilling.

  In the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 6, in the backfilling step (S6), the pavement surface of the backfilled earth and sand block (16 ') is the pavement surface (11) of the road (8). The filler is arranged between the hollowed-out sediment and the excavation groove (22) so as to be flush with each other.

  In the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 7, in the backfilling step (S6), a filler is injected into a space where the backfilled earth and sand blocks (16 ') are adjacent to each other. Features.

  In the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 8, in order to maintain the shape of the earth and sand lump (16 ′), the solidifying agent under the pavement surface is used before the cutting step (S 1). 16) including a preparatory step (S0) to be injected.

The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a special cylindrical cutter having cutting teeth at the open end is used, and the road is cut into a semi-cylindrical shape while maintaining the shape of the earth and sand to form the excavation groove. It is said. The crushed earth and sand lump is returned to its original position after laying pipes and the like, and the road is restored.
Therefore, according to the excavation method of the present invention, labor saving for excavation and backfilling processes can be achieved, and excavation and backfilling operations can be performed in a short time. As a result, improvement in the efficiency of laying work, reduction of traffic obstacles by shortening the construction period, reduction of construction costs by shortening the construction period and personnel, reduction of environmental burden by reuse of earth and sand, reduction of noise during backfilling, etc. are realized. The
Further, in the excavation method of the present invention, a cutter machine that rotates a cylindrical cutter by using an engine or a motor as a motive power is used. This cutter machine is configured to be relatively small as compared with a heavy machine used in conventional excavation work. Therefore, the space required for work can be reduced, and traffic obstacles due to lane restrictions can be minimized.
As described above, according to the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter of the present invention, problems such as the deterioration of traffic conditions due to the conventional excavation method are improved, and the ground represented by the progress of undergroundization of electric wires in the future. It will be possible to satisfy the growing need for insoles.

  In the invention according to claim 2, when starting the cutting of the road by the cylindrical cutter, a starting hole is formed in the road so that almost half of the cylindrical cutter comes under the road surface, and the cylindrical cutter is disposed here. It is a process to do. The formation of the excavation groove can be started smoothly by forming the starting hole in advance and starting the cutting of the earth and sand with the cylindrical cutter arranged there.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, when the axial direction of the cylindrical cutter is filled with the earth and sand lump, the excavation groove is gradually extended by excavating while successively replacing with a new cylindrical cutter. In addition, after installing a pipe line in the small groove formed at the bottom of the excavation groove, the small groove is backfilled and the excavation groove is adjusted to the original shape. Can be used for backfilling to restore the road to its original state.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, by performing the cutting while replenishing the cylindrical cutter with the lubricant and coagulant, the friction between the cutter and the earth and sand can be reduced, and smooth cutting can be performed. It can effectively prevent the collapse of the lump of sand that has been hollowed out while maintaining the shape of the sand lump as a semi-cylindrical shape, and it will be possible to use the litter as it is for backfilling. .

  The invention according to claim 5 shows the procedure in the excavation groove backfilling step. Leave the semi-cylindrical sediment mass in its original position while maintaining its shape, and perform the work of extracting only the cylindrical cutter in order for each cylindrical cutter containing the sediment mass. By performing the backfilling, the road can be easily returned to the original state.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, the earth and sand reduced by the cutting teeth of the cylindrical cutter by forming a layer of filling with a constant thickness between the excavation groove and the earth and sand lump at the time of backfilling. It is possible to compensate for the thickness of the lump and to form the pavement surface of the earth and sand lump that has been backfilled and the pavement surface of the road flush with each other.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the length of the earth and sand lump that is reduced by the cutting teeth of the disk-type cutter by injecting the filler into the space where the earth and sand lump that are backfilled are adjacent to each other at the time of backfilling. It is also possible to compensate for the earth and sand masses.

  Invention of Claim 8 is a process as a preparatory stage before cutting, and even if it is soft earth and sand by inject | pouring a solidifying agent into the earth and sand under a pavement surface before cutting. It becomes possible to cut into a semi-cylindrical shape while reliably maintaining the shape of the earth and sand during cutting.

  The present invention is a kind of open-cut method used when laying a long object such as a conduit of a wire, a gas pipe, or an optical fiber cable at a relatively shallow position under a paved road. For example, since the transmission cable of extra high voltage or less is laid at a relatively shallow position with a depth of 60 cm, the pipe line can be laid using the method of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the road 8 is composed of a surface layer (paved surface) 11 such as asphalt or concrete from the surface, and a roadbed 13 such as crushed stone and earth and sand, and a pipe 24 and the like is embedded in the roadbed 13. In some cases, a sandy soil 15 having a small particle diameter is arranged around the pipe line and the like to protect it. Since the road 8 is provided with the earth and sand 16 as the foundation, rocks and the like that are difficult to cut are removed from the shallow strata in advance.

  A preferred embodiment of a road excavation method using a cylindrical cutter of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a perspective view and a radial sectional view of a cylindrical cutter used in the open cutting method of the present invention. Moreover, FIGS. 3-8 is an image figure showing each process of the cutting method of a present Example, FIG. 9 is the flowchart which showed the work procedure.

  A special cylindrical cutter as shown in FIG. 2 is used for the cutting method of the present invention. The cylindrical cutter 6 has a structure in which a cutting tooth 4 for asphalt cutting is provided at one open end of a cylindrical drum 2 having a radius of about 60 cm and a length of about 80 cm. The cylindrical cutter 6 is detachably attached to the drive body 3 that is rotated by the power of the cutter machine 5 in a sideways state (see FIG. 4). The cutter machine 5 can rotate the driving body 3 in the axial direction and push it out in the axial direction.

  The steps for carrying out the open-cut method according to the present invention using a cutter equipped with such a cylindrical cutter 6 will be described in order with reference to FIGS.

[Preparation process (S0-not shown)]
This step is a step of injecting a coagulant into the earth and sand 16 below the paved surface prior to the excavation work of the road 8 by the cylindrical cutter 6.
When excavating relatively soft earth and sand 16 using the method of the present invention, a few days before the excavation work, a plurality of small holes are made at approximately equal intervals on the road to be excavated, and from there about 60 cm underground. Inject the coagulant to reach the depth. Since the earth and sand under the paved road surface are bonded to each other and hardened to some extent by the coagulant, the shape can be maintained without causing landslide even in the cutting process described later. In addition, this process can be skipped when the earth and sand 16 are not weak and can maintain the shape at the time of cutting.

[Starting Hole Formation Step (S1-FIG. 3)]
This step is a step of forming the start hole 12 for installing the cylindrical cutter 6 at the starting position on the road that forms the excavation groove.
In order to install the cylindrical cutter 6 having a diameter of about 120 cm and a length of about 80 cm, a hole (starting hole 12) having a length of about 100 cm, a width of about 120 cm, and a depth of about 60 cm is formed in the road 8. The vertical length of the starting hole is longer than the length of the cylindrical cutter 6 because the driving body 3 for rotating the cylindrical cutter around the axis must also be installed in the starting hole 12 integrally with the cylindrical cutter. Because there is.
Thus, since the starting hole 12 can be made comparatively small, it can be formed by hand digging without using heavy machinery, and the work does not require much time. Therefore, according to manual digging, a work space for operating heavy machinery is not necessary, and lane restrictions can be kept small. If the cylindrical cutter used in this step has a shorter axial length, the size of the starting hole can be further reduced.

[Cutter arrangement process (S2-FIG. 4)]
This step is a step of arranging the cylindrical cutter 6 attached to the drive body 3 of the cutter machine 5 in the start hole 12 formed on the road in the start hole forming step S1.
The cylindrical cutter 6 is installed so that its axial direction is horizontal with the road surface of the road 8 and almost half of the radial direction is below the road surface. In general, the cylindrical cutter 6 is arranged so that half of the cylindrical cutter 6 is below the road surface. However, the cylindrical cutter 6 may have a depth shallower than the radial length. However, it is not desirable that more than half of them go under the road surface.

[Cutting process (S3-FIG. 5)]
This step is a step of cutting the road 8 with the cylindrical cutter 6 and the disk cutter 18.
The cylindrical cutter 6 attached to the cutter machine 5 includes the pavement surface 11 with its cutting teeth 4 by being axially rotated by the driving body 3 and being pushed in parallel with the direction of the excavation groove, that is, the road surface of the road 8. Cutting so as to penetrate the earth and sand 16. Cutting is performed to a length substantially the same as the length of the cylindrical cutter 6, and the cut soil lump 16 'is accommodated in the lower half of the space inside the cylindrical cutter. At this time, the earth and sand lump 16 'is cut so as not to change its position and shape by the rotation of the cylindrical cutter 6 while in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical cutter 6 (FIG. 5A). The earth and sand 16 is cut while reducing friction between the earth and sand and the cylindrical cutter 6 and supplying a lubricant / coagulant for maintaining the shape of the earth and sand lump 16 ′, for example, cement milk from the cutting teeth 4. Preferred (not shown).
After the cylindrical cutter 6 has finished cutting for approximately the same length as the length of the cylindrical cutter, that is, after the lower half of the cylindrical cutter is filled with the lump 16 ', the cylindrical cutter is slightly pulled back and The tip of the lump 16 'is cut perpendicularly to the traveling direction of the cylindrical cutter 6 (excavation groove forming direction) with a disk-shaped cutter 18 conventionally used for road surface cutting, so that a semi-cylindrical earth and sand lump 16' is cut. Separated from the road 8 (FIG. 5B).
After that, the cylindrical cutter 6 is pushed out again, and the earth and sand lump 16 'separated from the road 8 is completely included in the cylindrical cutter 6 (FIG. 5C). The first step of cutting the earth and sand 16 including the paved surface 11 is completed by the above operation.
The earth and sand 16 can be cut by the disk cutter 18 before the cylindrical cutter 6 is cut. In this case, a plurality of cuts are made in the road 8 in which the excavation groove 22 is formed in advance at substantially the same interval as the length of the cylindrical cutter 6 to be used.

[Extension process (S4-FIG. 6)]
This process is a process in which the excavation groove 22 is extended stepwise by continuing cutting with a cylindrical cutter.
First, the cylindrical cutter 6 containing the earth and sand lump 16 ′ separated from the road 8 in the cutting step S <b> 3 is removed from the drive body 3. Next, a rod-shaped body (not shown) is inserted into the inner space of the upper half of the cylindrical cutter 6, and the cylindrical cutter is lifted using a jack or the like and moved to the side of the formed excavation groove 22 to be on the road surface. Leave still (FIG. 6A). Subsequently, a new cylindrical cutter 6 is attached to the driving body 3 and cutting is performed again (FIG. 6B). Thus, the excavation groove 22 is extended by repeating the above-described cutter placement step S2, the cutting step S3, and the movement and exchange of the cylindrical cutter.

[Laying step (S5-FIG. 7)]
This step is a step of forming a small groove 26 having a size necessary for installing a pipeline or the like at the bottom of the excavation groove 22 and installing the pipeline or the like 24 there.
In the extension step S4, at the stage where the excavation groove 22 is extended to some extent, a small groove 26 necessary for installing the pipe line 24 and the like at the bottom of the excavation groove 22 is formed by manual digging. After the pipelines 24 are installed in the formed small grooves 26, only the small grooves are backfilled using sandy soil having a small particle diameter. This backfilling is performed so that the excavation groove 22 formed in the cutting step S3 has a substantially original shape.

[Backfilling step (S6- FIG. 8)]
This step is a step of restoring the road 8 by setting the pipes and the like 24 in the ground and then returning the earth and sand lump 16 'drilled in the cutting step S3 to the original position.
In this step, first, a filler having the thickness of the cutting teeth 4, that is, the thickness of the earth and sand removed by the cutting teeth 4, is disposed between the excavation groove 22 and the earth and sand lump 16 ′ that has been cut through, and backfilled. Later, the pavement surface of the earth and sand lump 16 'and the pavement surface of the road 8 will be flush with each other. For that purpose, earth and sand or ready-mixed concrete is arranged on the surface of the excavation groove 22 uniformly or at an appropriate interval (not shown). A cylindrical cutter 6 containing the earth and sand lump 16 'that has been allowed to stand on the road surface on the side of the excavation groove 22 so that the earth and sand lump 16' that has been punched out there is approximately at its original position. And using a jack or the like (FIG. 8A). Thereafter, only the earth and sand lump 16 'in the cylindrical cutter 6 is energized and the cylindrical cutter 6 is pulled out to return the earth and sand lump 16' to its original position (FIG. 8B). After this operation is performed for all the cylindrical cutters 6, the starting holes 12 are backfilled by a conventional procedure (FIG. 8C). Finally, pressure is applied to the earth and sand lump 16 'returned to the original position to stabilize it, and the notch made on the road surface by the disk cutter 6, that is, the space adjacent to the backfilled earth and sand lump 16' is pitched. Repair with a filler such as. Further, when a slight gap or a step is generated between the pavement surface of the earth and sand lump 16 'and the pavement surface of the road 8, this is repaired using a pitch or the like (FIG. 8D). In this way, the laying work such as the pipeline is completed.

  The road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter of the present invention uses a cylindrical cutter to lay earth and sand when laying electric pipes, gas pipes, optical fiber cables, etc. at a relatively shallow position under a paved road. Remaining the shape of the earth, after digging through the road from the ground to form a digging groove, installing pipes, etc., and then backfilling by returning the pierced sediment mass to its original position Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of the invention described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

As described above, according to the road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter of the present invention, labor saving for excavation and backfilling processes, and excavation and backfilling work in a short time are enabled. The construction period can be reduced while shortening the occurrence period of traffic obstacles. In addition, excavation work using a cylindrical cutter requires less space than conventional excavation work using heavy machinery, and traffic obstacles due to lane restrictions can be minimized. Furthermore, since almost all of the excavated earth and sand is used for backfilling, the residual soil generated during the work can be dramatically reduced, thereby reducing the load on the environment. In addition, since the use time of the rock drill and the point pressure machine can be reduced, it is possible to reduce unpleasant striking sound and reduce construction noise.
As a result, it is possible to improve problems such as the deterioration of traffic conditions of the conventional open-cut method and to satisfy the growing need for underground laying materials represented by the progress of undergrounding of electric wires.

It is sectional drawing showing composition, such as a paved road and a pipe line. It is a perspective view etc. of the cylindrical cutter used for this invention. It is an image figure showing the starting hole formation process of the open-cut method of a present Example. It is an image figure showing the cutter arrangement | positioning process of the cutting method of a present Example. It is an image figure showing the cutting process of the open-cut method of a present Example. It is an image figure showing the extension process of the open-cut method of a present Example. It is an image figure showing the laying process of the open-cut method of a present Example. It is an image figure showing the backfilling process of the open-cut method of a present Example. It is a flowchart of the open-cut method of a present Example.

Explanation of symbols

2 Drum 3 Drive body 4 Cutting teeth 5 Cutter machine 6 Cylindrical cutter 8 Road 11 Surface layer (paved surface)
12 Starting hole 13 Subbase 16 Sediment 16 'Sediment lump 18 Disc type cutter 22 Excavation groove 24 Pipe 26 etc. Small groove 31 Surface layer 33 Subbase 35 Sand quality S0 Preparation process S1 Start hole formation process S2 Cutter arrangement process S3 Cutting process S4 Extension process S5 Laying process S6 Backfill process

Claims (8)

A cylindrical cutter (6) provided with a cutting tooth (4) at one open end of a cylindrical drum (2) is used, and is approximately the same as the road surface of the road (8) in the axial direction while rotating the cylindrical cutter. The sand and sand (16) including the pavement surface (11) is pushed out in parallel and penetrated into the semi-cylindrical earth and sand block (16 ') while maintaining its shape, and the progress of the cylindrical cutter by the disc-shaped cutter (18). Cutting step (S3) for cutting the earth and sand perpendicular to the direction, cutting the semi-cylindrical earth and sand lump from the road and forming the excavation groove (22);
A backfilling step (S6) for restoring the road by returning the original lump to the original position while maintaining the shape of the lump that has been hollowed out in the cutting step, and using a cylindrical cutter Road excavation method. In order to install the cylindrical cutter (6), a starting hole forming step (S1) for forming a starting hole (12) having substantially the same depth as the radial length of the cylindrical cutter on the road (8);
2. A cutter placement step (S2) further comprising: placing a cylindrical cutter in the starting hole so that an axial direction thereof is substantially parallel to a road surface and substantially half of the cylindrical cutter is below the road surface. A road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter described in 1. An extension step (S4) for extending the excavation groove (22) by excavating continuously while replacing the cylindrical cutter (6) containing the earth and sand lump (16 ′) with a new cylindrical cutter;
A small groove (26) having a size necessary for installing a pipe line or the like (24) is formed at the bottom of the excavation groove, and after installing the pipe line or the like in the small groove, only the small groove is backfilled to form the excavation groove. 3. A road excavation method using a cylindrical cutter according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising an laying step (S5) for adjusting to an initial shape. In the cutting step (S3), a lubricant and coagulant for reducing the friction between the axially rotating cylindrical cutter (6) and the earth and sand (16) and maintaining the shape of the earth and sand lump (16 ′) is cylindrical. The road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 1, wherein earth and sand are cut while replenishing the cutter. In the backfilling step (S6), the cylindrical cutter (6) containing the sediment mass (16 ′) is arranged in the excavation groove (22) so that the sediment mass returns to its original position, 5. The start hole (12) is backfilled after repeatedly performing the operation of extracting only the cylindrical cutter while maintaining the shape and position for each cylindrical cutter. 6. Road excavation method using a cylindrical cutter. In the backfilling step (S6), the earth and sand lump and the excavation groove (22) which are hollowed out so that the pavement surface of the backfilled earth and sand block (16 ′) is flush with the pavement surface (11) of the road (8). And a filler is disposed between the first and second portions). The road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 1. The road using the cylindrical cutter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, in the backfilling step (S6), a filler is injected into a space where the backfilled earth and sand blocks (16 ') are adjacent to each other. Open-cut method. In order to maintain the shape of the earth and sand lump (16 ′), a preparatory step (S0) in which a coagulant is injected into the earth and sand (16) under the pavement surface before the cutting step (S1) is included. A road excavation method using the cylindrical cutter according to claim 1.

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