JP2005219853A - Threading method and threading device for wire and manufacturing method for optical fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a threading method and a threading device for a wire for securely guiding the wire into a taking up device by such predetermined tensile force that prevents the wire from coming off a threading roller by nipping the wire on a rupture side between rollers and taking it back by a taking-back means forcedly and to provide a manufacturing method for an optical fiber. <P>SOLUTION: The wire F taken back by a main taking-back means 2 is taken back by an auxiliary taking-back means 5, and next the wire F applied between the main taking-back means 2 and the auxiliary taking-back means 5 is hooked in a threading moving means 6 and is moved and guided to a taking up means 4 to perform threading. While the threading moving means 6 moves, taking-back force of the auxiliary taking-back means 5 is adjusted, and tensile force of the wire moved between the threading moving means 6 and the auxiliary taking-back means 5 is set to 0.1N to 10N. The wire F taken back by the main taking-back means 2 may be sucked by a suction means arranged behind the auxiliary taking-back means 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method of automatically drawing a wire body such as an optical fiber and an electric wire, and then automatically applying the wire to a take-up bobbin. Even when the wire is broken during winding, the wire is automatically drawn. The present invention relates to a method of wire-drawing a wire body, a wire-drawing device, and a method of manufacturing an optical fiber.

  In the manufacture of optical fibers and the like, a wire body having a length of several kilometers to several hundred kilometers is continuously wound while replacing the winding bobbin without interrupting the travel of the wire body. Yes. However, when winding a thin linear body such as an optical fiber, an accident such as breakage may occur. In such a case, it is usually necessary to temporarily stop the running of the winding-side striated body and manually perform the re-winding for rewinding. If this operation is not performed quickly, not only will the filaments be lost, but the amount of winding of the filaments per facility will be greatly reduced, and the production efficiency of the filaments will be drastically reduced.

Therefore, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the breakage of the running wire is detected, the broken wire is collected by suction, and the wire is hooked and guided to the spool. Thus, a winding method for resuming winding has been proposed. Patent Document 1 also discloses that the winding of the linear member is switched between the first and second spools, and the winding is performed without stopping the traveling of the linear member. And when a linear body fractures | ruptures, any one spool is selected, the winding start end is latched, and winding is continued.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-310445

  However, in patent document 1, since the line | wire body by which the fracture | rupture occurred has been taken up by suction, the taking-up force is weak. For this reason, sufficient tensile tension is not obtained for hooking the wire body and guiding it to the spool, and the wire body may be detached from the guide roller. Further, when the striate body is taken up by suction, the sucked striate body may be lumped and clogged, and there is a problem that reliable take-up cannot be performed.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the linear member is not detached from the linear roller by pulling it with a pulling means forcibly pulling the broken linear member between the rollers. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wire rod method, a wire rod device, and an optical fiber manufacturing method that can be reliably guided to the winding device with such a predetermined tension.

  According to the present invention, there is provided a method and apparatus for drawing a linear body (for example, an optical fiber), wherein the linear body taken by the main take-up means is taken up by the sub-take-up means, and then the main take-up means and the sub-take-up means are used. The struts hung in between are hooked on the wire moving means and moved to the winding means so as to be lined. And while the wire moving means is moving, the take-up force of the sub take-up means is adjusted so that the tension of the wire body moved between the wire draw moving means and the sub take-up means is 0.1N to 10N. . Further, the linear member taken up by the main take-up means is sucked by the suction means arranged behind the sub-take-up means (on the opposite side of the main take-up means as viewed from the sub-take-up means) and taken up by the sub-take-up means. May be.

  According to the configuration of the present invention, when the wire taken by the main take-up means is broken, the wire take-up can be taken with a predetermined tension by the sub take-up means. The wire body can be moved to the winding means with a predetermined tension that does not deviate from the winding means, and the winding can be continued. Unlike sucking, there is no fear of getting tangled. Further, by combining the suction means with the sub take-up means, the broken portion can be reliably pulled into the sub-take-up means when the linear body breaks.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1A is a diagram for explaining a winding state in a steady state by the first winding bobbin, and FIG. 1B is a diagram in which the linear body is broken and the linear body is taken up by the auxiliary take-up means. FIG. 1C is a view showing a state in which the wire body is guided to the winding means by the wire moving means, and FIG. 1D is a state in which the wire body is locked to the second winding bobbin. FIG. 1 (E) is a diagram showing a state in which line drawing is completed and winding is started with a second winding bobbin.

  In the figure, 1 is an optical fiber drawing mechanism, 1a is an optical fiber preform, 1b is a heating furnace, 1c is a cooling device, 1d is a resin coating device, 1e is a resin curing device, 1f is a guide roller, 2 is a main take-up means, 3 is tension adjusting means, 4 is winding means, 5 is auxiliary take-up means, 6 is wire moving means, 7 is a capstan device, 7a is a capstan belt, 7b is a capstan wheel, 8 is a guide roller, 9 is Fixed dancer rollers, 10a and 10b are moving dancer rollers, 11a is a first winding bobbin, 11b is a second winding bobbin, 12 is a winding guide roller, 13 is a displacement roller, 14 is a guide roller, 15a and 15b Is a pinching roller, 16 is a guide roller, 17 is a line roller, 18 is a moving rod, 21 is a tension detector, and 22 is a cutter.

  The wire-laying method and the wire-drawing device according to the present invention are intended for wire bodies such as optical fibers and small-diameter electric wires and cables, and in particular, the first and second winding bobbins 11a and 11b. It is preferable to apply to a winding device that can be alternately switched and continuously wound at a high speed without cutting the filaments in the middle. Since it is possible to wire without waiting for the take-up bobbin to be replaced, the wiring time is shortened. Therefore, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1A, for example, the filament F supplied from the optical fiber drawing mechanism 1 is taken up by the main take-up means 2 and can be exchanged through the tension adjusting means 3. The first and second winding bobbins 11a and 11b arranged in the winding are wound by a winding means 4. Then, a sub take-up means 5 is provided below the main take-up means 2 to take up the filament F, and the wire-drawing movement for catching the line F spanned between the main take-up means 2 and the sub-take-up means 5 is provided. Means 6 are provided.

  An optical fiber drawing mechanism 1 shown in FIG. 1 (A) as an example of the supply form of the filaments F is formed by suspending an optical fiber preform 1a vertically and sequentially heating and melting the lower end thereof in a heating furnace 1b. Draw an optical fiber. The glass optical fiber immediately after drawing is lowered to a predetermined temperature by the cooling device 1c, and then a resin coating is applied to the surface of the glass optical fiber by the resin coating device 1d, and the resin coating is cured by the resin curing device 1e. . Thereafter, the optical fiber strand coated with resin (hereinafter referred to as a filament F) is taken up by the main take-up means 2 through the guide roller 1f.

  In addition to the optical fiber drawn from the fiber preform, the filament F is, for example, an uncolored optical fiber, an insulated wire, or a long wire for subdividing into a predetermined length of the filament. There are various striatums such as striatum. For example, there is a case where the above-mentioned optical fiber strand is fed out from a bobbin around which an uncolored optical fiber strand is wound, and then wound up again. In this case, instead of the optical fiber drawing mechanism 1 shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A, a feeding bobbin around which an optical fiber is wound serves as a supply means for the filament F.

  The main take-up means 2 can be configured using, for example, a capstan device 7 including a capstan belt 7a and a capstan wheel 7b. In this capstan device 7, the filament F is sandwiched between the capstan wheel 7b and the capstan belt 7a, and the filament F is pulled by the friction force. In addition to this, a guide roller 8 or the like for transferring the strips F taken up in a predetermined direction is disposed as an accessory member.

  The tension adjusting means 3 can be constituted by, for example, a dancer device including a fixed dancer roller 9 that does not move in the vertical direction and movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b that can move in the vertical direction. In this dancer apparatus, the movable dancer rollers 10 a and 10 b on both sides move relative to the fixed dancer roller 9 to change the pass line of the striatum F. Once the pass line is formed, the movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b are fixed, the fixed dancer roller 9 becomes free, and tension is applied to the filaments F by its own weight.

  The fixed dancer roller 9 is not free, and the tension applied to the filament F by the fixed dancer roller 9 is variable so that the tension applied to the filament F is constant. It is preferable to do. During drawing, the tension of the filament F is controlled by these dancer rollers. In addition, if the fixed dancer roller 9 and the movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b shown in the figure are provided in a plurality of stages to increase the number of the striatum spanned between the rollers, the striatum accumulated dose used for tension adjustment is increased. Can be increased.

  The winding means 4 arranges the first and second winding bobbins 11a and 11b so that their rotational axes are parallel, and when the winding amount of one winding bobbin reaches a predetermined value, The body F is continuously wound by the next empty winding bobbin without stopping the traveling of the body F. Therefore, the winding guide roller 12, the first winding bobbin 11a, and the first winding bobbin 11a are wound around the first winding bobbin 11a and the second winding bobbin 11b by a predetermined pass line. Displacement roller 13 and guide roller 14 for switching between two take-up bobbins 11b are provided.

  The sub take-up means 5 may use a capstan device similar to the main take-up means 2, for example, composed of a pair of sandwiching rollers 15 a and 15 b, pinching the filament F between the rollers in a pinch roller manner, It can be set as the structure which takes up the filament F by the clamping force. When a capstan device or a pinch roller device is used, the drive source is preferably a torque motor capable of torque control. This is because when the linear member F is pulled by the wire moving means 6, the pass line length between the main take-up means 2 and the sub take-up means 5 becomes long and tension fluctuations occur, but by using a torque motor, In addition, it is possible to control to absorb the fluctuation of the tension, and it is possible to perform the reliable line drawing with a stable predetermined tension. In addition to this, a guide roller 16 for guiding the linear member F at the time of drawing is disposed so as to face the guide roller 8 disposed in the main take-up means 2.

  The wire moving means 6 has a wire roller 17 for hooking the wire and a moving rod 18 for supporting and moving the roller. The wire roller 17 preferably has a shape that has a U-shaped or V-shaped guide groove and the line F that is hooked does not sway so much. The moving rod 18 is configured to move on, for example, a rail 19 (see FIG. 3) arranged along the line of the winding device.

  The speed at which the wire moving means 6 is moved differs depending on the take-up speeds of the main take-up means 2 and the sub take-up means 5, but for example, at such a speed that the tension applied to the linear body is about 0.1N to 10N. It is desirable to move it. In addition, when the linear body F is an optical fiber, it is preferable to move so that it may become about 1N tension | tensile_strength. Further, the line roller 17 is tilted and moved so that the pass line of the line F passing through the upper side of the line roller 17 and the pass line of the line F passing through the lower side do not overlap. It is desirable to keep it.

  Next, a description will be given of a wire-drawing method when the wire body is broken during winding of the wire body with the winding device configured as described above. FIG. 1A shows a point H between the moving dancer roller 10b and the winding guide roller 12 when the filament F is being wound by the first winding bobbin 11a on the left side of the winding means 4. It is assumed that the fracture occurred. Since the detection of the breakage of the filament F is detected by the tension detector 21 that controls the tension adjusting means 3, the sandwiching rollers 15a and 15b of the sub take-up means 5 are rotated using the detection signal at this time. . The free end or the middle part of the filament F that has been cut and opened is received by the sandwiching rollers 15a and 15b that are rotating and sandwiched and pulled. In order to guide the broken filament F to the sub take-up means 5, a suction means as described later may be provided separately.

  As shown in FIG. 1 (B), the transfer of the filaments supplied from the optical fiber drawing mechanism in the main take-up means 2 is interrupted by taking the broken line F by the sub-drawing means 5. It can be taken over continuously. In the following description, the side farther perpendicular to the paper surface of the figure is referred to as the “back side”, and the side approaching perpendicular to the paper surface of the figure is referred to as the “front side”.

  While taking the filament F broken by the sub take-up means 5, the moving dancer rollers 10a, 10b of the tension adjusting means 3 move below the fixed dancer roller 9 and are recessed from the pass line. Moved to. In the winding means 4, the winding guide roller 12 moves leftward. The guide roller 14 located at the upper retreat position is moved downward and moved to the near side, and is arranged at a position adjacent to the vicinity of the second winding bobbin 11b on the right side. Further, the displacement roller 13 also moves from the upper recessed position to the lower standby position.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1C, the wire F that is stretched between the main take-up means 2 and the sub take-up means 5 is driven by the wire move moving means 6 to the winding means 4 side. To guide. The wire F is caught by the wire roller 17 of the wire moving means 6 and pulled out across the winding means 4 by the moving rod 18. At the time of drawing out the filament F, the pulling force of the sub take-up means 5 is controlled so that the filament F has a predetermined tensile tension.

  The filament F drawn by the line roller 17 passes through the upper pass line P1 and the lower pass line P2 of the line roller 17. The filament F passing through the upper pass line P1 is first moved across the lower surface of the fixed dancer roller 9 as indicated by the dotted line. Thereafter, the movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b that have been retracted to the deeper position below the fixed dancer roller 9 move to the near side, and are disposed below the striatum F indicated by the dotted line. Next, the movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b move upward to pull up the filament F above the fixed dancer roller 9 so that a storage state occurs between the rollers. At this time, in the winding means 4, the pass line P <b> 2 is maintained in a tension state by the winding guide roller 12, and the displacement roller 13 waiting at a deep position between the pass lines P <b> 1 and P <b> 2 is on the near side. Move to.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 1D, the second winding bobbin 11b on the right side is driven to rotate counterclockwise. Then, the displacement roller 13 moving to the near side is moved downward, the linear body F on the pass line P2 side is displaced downward, and the guide roller 14 causes the linear roll to be placed on the second winding bobbin 11b on the right side. The body F is locked. When the filament F is in contact with the locking portion of the second winding bobbin 11b (for example, the locking claw provided on the flange portion of the bobbin) and the linear F is in contact with the cutter 22, From the vicinity of the locking portion, the linear body (portion indicated by a dotted line) on the pass line P2 side is cut and separated. The cut portion of the dotted line portion is removed by the sub take-up means 5 and then the drive of the sub take-up means 5 is stopped.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1 (E), a new winding by the second winding bobbin 11b on the right side is started, and the wire moving means 6 moves the main take-up means 2 away from the filament F. Moved in the direction and returned to the original home position. At this time, the winding guide roller 12 also returns to the normal guide position, and guides the winding of the filament F on the second winding bobbin 11b. Further, the displacement roller 13 and the guide roller 14 return to the recessed upper retracted position to prepare for the next new winding. In addition, the first winding bobbin 11a, in which the filament is wound up to the middle on the left side, is replaced with an empty bobbin and is prepared for the next new winding.

  The above description of FIGS. 1A to 1E is an example in which breakage occurs during winding with the first winding bobbin 11 a on the left side of the winding means 4. Next, FIGS. 2A to 2E are views for explaining an example in which breakage occurs during winding by the second winding bobbin 11 b on the right side of the winding means 4. FIG. 2 (A) is a diagram showing a winding state in a steady state by the second winding bobbin, and FIG. 2 (B) is a state in which the filament is broken and the filament is taken up by the auxiliary take-up means. FIG. 2C is a view showing a state in which the wire body is guided to the winding means by the wire moving means, and FIG. 2D is a state in which the wire body is locked to the first winding bobbin. FIG. 2E is a diagram showing a state, and FIG. 2E is a diagram showing a state in which line drawing is finished and winding is started with the first winding bobbin. By using the same reference numerals as those used in FIGS. 1A to 1E for the reference numerals in the figure, description of the same configuration is omitted.

  FIG. 2A shows a point H between the moving dancer roller 10b and the winding guide roller 12 when the linear body F is being wound by the second winding bobbin 11b on the right side of the winding means 4. It is assumed that the fracture occurred. Detection of breakage of the filament F at this time is detected by the tension detector 21 that controls the tension adjusting means 3 as described with reference to FIG. 1A, and the detection signal at this time is used. Then, the pinching rollers 15a and 15b of the sub take-up means 5 are rotated, and the free ends or intermediate portions of the filaments F that are cut and opened are received by the pinching rollers 15a and 15b that are rotating and pinched.

  As shown in FIG. 2 (B), the transfer of the filaments supplied from the optical fiber drawing mechanism in the main take-up means 2 is interrupted by taking the broken line F with the sub-drawing means 5. Take over without continuing. While taking the filament F broken by the sub take-up means 5, the moving dancer rollers 10a, 10b of the tension adjusting means 3 move below the fixed dancer roller 9 and are recessed from the pass line. Moved to. In the winding means 4, the winding guide roller 12 moves leftward.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (C), the wire F that is stretched between the main take-up means 2 and the sub take-up means 5 is driven on the take-up means 4 side by driving the line moving means 6. To guide. The wire F is caught by the wire roller 17 of the wire moving means 6 and pulled out across the winding means 4 by the moving rod 18. At the time of drawing out the filament F, the pulling force of the sub take-up means 5 is controlled so that the filament F has a predetermined tensile tension.

  The filament F drawn by the line roller 17 passes through the upper pass line P1 and the lower pass line P2 of the line roller 17. The filament F passing through the upper pass line P1 is first moved across the lower surface of the fixed dancer roller 9 as indicated by the dotted line. Thereafter, the movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b that have been retracted to the deeper position below the fixed dancer roller 9 move to the near side, and are disposed below the striatum F indicated by the dotted line.

  Next, the movable dancer rollers 10a and 10b move upward to pull up the filament F above the fixed dancer roller 9 so that a storage state occurs between the rollers. At this time, in the winding means 4, the pass line P <b> 2 is maintained in a tension state by the winding guide roller 12, and the displacement roller 13 waiting in a deep position above the pass line P <b> 1 moves to the front side. . Further, the guide roller 14 retracted to the back position is moved to the near side.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2D, the left first winding bobbin 11a is driven to rotate clockwise. Then, the displacement roller 13 moving to the front side is moved downward, the linear body F on the pass line P1 side is displaced downward, and the first roller on the left side is moved by the guide roller 14 moving to the front side. The filament F is locked to the take-up bobbin 11b. When the filament F is locked in contact with the latching portion of the first winding bobbin 11a, the previous filament (the portion indicated by the dotted line) is cut and separated from the vicinity of the latch. The cut portion of the dotted line portion is removed by the sub take-up means 5 and then the drive of the sub take-up means 5 is stopped. In this operation, since the pass lines P1 and P2 cross each other, the configuration shown in FIG. 3 described later is used.

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 2 (E), a new winding by the first winding bobbin 11a on the left side is started, and the line moving means 6 moves the main take-up means 2 away from the filament F. Moved in the direction and returned to the original home position. At this time, the winding guide roller 12 also returns to the normal guide position, and guides the winding of the filament F on the first winding bobbin 11a. Further, the displacement roller 13 and the guide roller 14 return to the recessed upper retracted position to prepare for the next new winding. Further, the second winding bobbin 11b, in which the filament is wound up to the middle on the right side, is replaced with an empty bobbin to prepare for the next new winding.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the line moving means 6 as viewed from above. The wire moving means 6 is configured to move while being guided by a rail 19 disposed along a line of the winding device, for example. In addition, the line F that is hooked by the line roller 17 of the line moving means 6 generates two pass lines P1 and P2 that reciprocate up and down. If the positions of the pass lines P1 and P2 in the front-rear direction overlap, for example, as shown in FIG. 2D, when the linear body F is locked to the first winding bobbin 11a, the upper and lower passes Although an operation for crossing the lines P1 and P2 is required, this operation is hindered. In order to avoid this, for example, the line roller 17 may be inclined in the vertical direction to shift the positions of the pass lines P1 and P2 in the front-rear direction.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, in FIG. 1 (A) to (E) or FIG. 2 (A) to (E), the suction means 20 is further arranged in the order of the main take-up means 2, the sub take-up means 5, and the suction means 20. This is an example. By disposing the suction means 20, when the filament F is broken, the end of the broken filament in the free state on the broken side is effectively drawn into the sub take-up means 5 side. Thus, it is possible to ensure the start of take-up by the sub take-up means 5. In addition, it is possible to prevent the striate from being taken up by the striated tangled body by sucking the striated body after being taken up by the sub take-up means 5.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to shorten the time until the wire is drawn when the wire is disconnected while winding the wire, so that the winding efficiency of the wire can be increased. In particular, when winding an optical fiber drawn from an optical fiber preform, if the wire is broken in the middle of winding, the drawing is temporarily stopped and drawn again, and the wire speed (drawing speed) is gradually increased to increase the steady line. It may take several hours to reach speed. Moreover, the optical fiber wound while the linear velocity is rising is not a good product, and a large amount of optical fiber is disposed of. However, according to the above-described wire-drawing of the present invention, even when the optical fiber is drawn, the wire-drawing after the disconnection is only a few minutes, improving production efficiency and reducing wasted optical fiber. be able to.

It is a figure explaining the winding state in the steady state by a 1st winding bobbin. It is a figure which shows the state which has taken the filament by the sub taking-up means. It is a figure which shows the state which guided the linear body to the winding-up means by the wire-drawing movement means. It is a figure which shows the state which locks a linear body to a 2nd winding bobbin. It is a figure which shows the state which complete | finishes line drawing and starts winding with the 2nd winding bobbin. It is a figure explaining the winding state in the steady state by the 2nd winding bobbin. It is a figure which shows the state which has taken the filament by the sub taking-up means. It is a figure which shows the state which guided the linear body to the winding-up means by the wire-drawing movement means. It is a figure which shows the state which locks a linear body to a 1st winding bobbin. It is a figure which shows the state which complete | finishes line drawing and starts winding with a 1st winding bobbin. It is the schematic which looked at the line movement means from the upper part. It is a figure which shows other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Optical fiber drawing mechanism, 1a ... Optical fiber preform, 1b ... Heating furnace, 1c ... Cooling device, 1d ... Resin coating device, 1e ... Resin hardening device, 1f ... Guide roller, 2 ... Main taking-up means, 3 ... Tension Adjusting means, 4 ... winding means, 5 ... sub take-up means, 6 ... wire-hanging means, 7 ... capstan device, 7a ... capstan belt, 7b ... capstan wheel, 8 ... guide roller, 9 ... fixed dancer roller DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10a, 10b ... Movement dancer roller, 11a ... 1st winding bobbin, 11b ... 2nd winding bobbin, 12 ... Winding guide roller, 13 ... Displacement roller, 14 ... Guide roller, 15a, 15b ... Nipping roller , 16 ... guide roller, 17 ... wire roller, 18 ... moving rod, 19 ... rail, 20 ... suction means, 21 ... tension detector, 22 ... cutter.

Claims (7)

  The wire taken up by the main take-up means is taken up by the sub-take-up means, and then the wire taken between the main take-up means and the sub-take-up means is hooked on the wire-hanging moving means and the winding means A method for drawing a striated body, characterized in that it is drawn by moving to a line.   2. The method of drawing a wire rod according to claim 1, wherein the take-up force of the sub take-up means is adjusted while the line move moving means moves.   The wire of the linear body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tensile tension of the linear body moved between the wire moving means and the sub take-up means is 0.1N to 10N. How to hang.   2. The method of drawing a wire rod according to claim 1, wherein the wire strip taken by the main take-up device is sucked by the suction device and taken by the sub-take-up device.   A sub take-up means for taking up the wire taken up by the main take-up means, and a wire hook for hooking the wire between the main take-up means and the sub-take-up means to guide the movement to the take-up means. A wire rod drawing apparatus comprising a moving means.   6. The wire rod drawing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein suction means for sucking the wire is arranged in the order of the main take-up means, the sub take-up means, and the suction means.   An optical fiber drawn by heating an optical fiber preform is taken up by a main take-up means, an optical fiber taken up by the main take-up means is taken up by a sub-take-up means, and then the main take-up means and the sub-take-out means are A method for producing an optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber hung between the two is hooked on the wire moving means, moved to the winding means and guided.

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