JP2005205123A - Char of discarded tatami (rush mat), discarded bamboo or the like and usage thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To utilize a char of a discarded tatami (rush mat), a discarded bamboo or the like as an adsorbent for malodorous substances, nitrogen oxides and organic volatile harmful substances, and to improve a glass wool by utilizing humidity conditioning properties thereof. <P>SOLUTION: The adsorbent of the char of the discarded tatami alone or preferably containing a 12-23 wt.% of ground char of the discarded bamboo is put into a cartridge, whereto the room air is circulated and allowed passage, to demonstrate high efficiency particularly in adsorption and removal of formalin in a new-built room. Commingling of these chars with a glass wool insulator demonstrates effects for preventing decrease of insulation efficiency due to moisture bead and development of fungus, and is established as a useful technique. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

  The present invention relates to the recycling of resources of waste tatami (tatami floor cocoons, tatami mats) and waste bamboo (bamboo, firewood), and relates to the improvement and purification of indoor environments such as houses using carbonized materials. Is.

In recent years, the reduction and removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) containing formaldehyde has become an indispensable problem in newly built houses and condominiums.
In July 2003, the Building Standards Law was amended to limit the amount of formaldehyde that is a causative agent of sick house disease for residential building materials. In addition, toluene and xylene are subject to regulation in the next few years.

  In 1997, the Tokyo Metropolitan Public Health Center reported a summary of the results of a health survey of people living in highly confidential houses such as apartments. This is the analysis of about 600 households who want to investigate, such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, adhesives for building materials, and other harmful chemical substances and formaldehyde concentration analysis. As a result, the higher the confidentiality of the house, the higher the health hazard. Has been reported.

High-confidence and high-insulation buildings are now common, and house prices are rising proportionally. From the balance between supply and demand, rationalization of building materials and mass production began, and combinations with chemical substances were devised.
However, it is said that high-confidence and high-adiabatic spaces have a large impact on housewives, pregnant women, and children who live indoors for a long time even at low concentrations.

  To reduce these harmful chemical substances by adsorption, conventional methods such as putting charcoal, activated carbon, or bamboo charcoal into a corner of a room or placing them in a room are used. Charcoal has a limit in performance as an adsorbent, and activated carbon powder and bamboo charcoal are expensive, so a cheaper material is required.

  On the other hand, tatami mats are an indispensable building material for Japanese-style houses, but when they become old, they become industrial waste disposal, and the amount of emissions associated with new replacements and building demolition is considerable. In addition, it has become a source of concern for various layers, including the elements that cause corruption and develop into new pollution when it includes rain, etc., and effective use of these waste tatami mats is required .

In addition, heat insulating materials such as glass wool laid on the inner wall and the back of the ceiling, when the water becomes hot, dripping or dropping by the weight when the water drops adhere to it, the function as the original heat insulating material is lost, In addition, these moisture causes mites, molds, and hygiene problems, and countermeasures against these moisture are also required.
By using waste tatami (bamboo grass, grass) and waste bamboo (bamboo, wood), the present invention eliminates the occurrence of pollution caused by these wastes, and further, by reusing resources, harmful chemical substances and odorous substances Thus, an inexpensive adsorbing material and an inexpensive humidity conditioning material are obtained.

The problem to be solved is that it can effectively adsorb volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde in houses and condominiums, malodorous substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, and pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, and at low cost. It is possible to achieve this by using waste materials such as tatami mats and bamboo.
Further, a heat insulating material such as glass wool prevents a decrease in the heat insulating effect due to adhesion of water droplets, and further prevents generation of ticks and molds due to moisture.

  First, in a batch-type carbonization furnace equipped with an independent closed-type carbonization furnace in the heating furnace, put the waste tatami cut into an appropriate size without stripping the tatami surface, and carbonize at 400 to 900 degrees Celsius. To do. The obtained charcoal mixed with grass is fragile and can be made into powder during the operation such as taking out, but can be easily reduced to 5 mm or less by simple crushing. These can be easily entangled with matte glass wool, which is a heat insulating material, with an air gun and used as a heat insulating material. In addition, this charcoal is placed in a well-ventilated paper bag or cloth and placed in a system that circulates indoor air as a disposable or cartridge-type adsorbent, and volatile organic chemicals containing malodorous substances and formaldehyde It is to be used effectively for adsorption

  If you cut off the tatami table, cut it into an appropriate length, roll it and carbonize it as it is, you will be able to make scroll-like grassy charcoal. It is harder than charcoal and retains its original shape, but is used as a disposable or cartridge type adsorbent in a paper bag or cloth with good ventilation.

  In the case of bamboo charcoal or wood charcoal, the waste bamboo / waste wood is cut into an appropriate length, and if necessary, divided in the vertical direction and carbonized by the carbonization furnace described above. Bamboo charcoal / coal charcoal is quite hard and requires pulverization, for example, when it is entangled with the mat-like glass wool. Moreover, although it can be used as it is as a disposable or cartridge type adsorbent, in order to increase the efficiency, the pulverized powder has a higher surface area per unit weight and is more efficient.

  Tatami charcoal can be used alone, but it is suitable for adsorption of formaldehyde and other adsorbents that can be used at 1 ppm or less if a mixture of 10-25% by weight of crushed bamboo and straw charcoal is mixed with tatami charcoal. Since the use time as is extended, it is preferable.

In the case of an alkaline substance such as ammonia as a malodorous substance, a carbide at a low temperature (400 ° C. to 500 ° C.) exhibits weak acidity and is suitable as an adsorbent.
In addition, malodorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, and organic volatile harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, toluene, and xylene are excellent adsorbents that are carbonized at higher temperatures.

These tatami coals are complex in shape, have a large amount of air and are light, so they easily entangle with glass wool and do not fall under their own weight. Also, when micrographs of these charcoal were taken, the cross-sectional structure was honeycomb and the inside was fibrous, the adsorption of malodorous substances, nitrogen oxides and volatile harmful organic compounds and the adsorption of moisture were rapid, and the adsorption capacity was also high. Many reasons became clear.
As for moisture, since moisture is adsorbed and desorbed, excess moisture is not accumulated, and it does not slide or fall under its own weight, and the heat insulation effect does not deteriorate. Thus, glass wool entangled with tatami charcoal has the advantage that moisture is adjusted and does not exist as water droplets, does not deteriorate the function as a heat insulating material, and avoids the occurrence of mites and molds.

These adsorbent materials have sufficient performance with waste materials such as waste tatami and bamboo, and do not need to be new firewood or bamboo, and are particularly useful as resource recycling for two birds with one stone as a disposal method for waste tatami.
Furthermore, spent charcoal for adsorption of organic volatile harmful substances does not cause pollution by being reduced to the soil.

Tatami charcoal can be used alone, but using admixture of 12-23 wt% of crushed bamboo charcoal with tatami charcoal is also suitable for adsorption of formaldehyde and other adsorbents that can easily be reduced to 1 ppm or less Since the use time as is sustained, it is preferable. Especially in the case of a newly built house, the indoor air is circulated overnight in a large cartridge loaded with a mixture of tatami and bamboo charcoal prior to moving in to adsorb harmful substances such as formaldehyde, It can be a healthy environment.
Also, in a room where formaldehyde and other harmful substances are still present after 1 to 3 years of construction, it is possible to create a good environment by constantly circulating indoor air with a fan with a small air volume, using the above-mentioned small cartridge. It is sufficient to replace the coal mixture in the cartridge once every two to three months, and further, this can be systematized with other systems such as air conditioners and air purifiers, etc. Can be expected and long-term purification can be expected.

First, each of the waste tatami and waste bamboo is carbonized independently. When the carbide is used for adsorption and humidity control of volatile harmful organic compounds, it is preferable to use those that are crushed or ground to about 5 millimeters or less. The carbonized tatami surface may be crushed, but it is less uncomfortable to use it in a room when it is used in a clean and visible form.
When carbonized in the presence of waste tatami and bamboo, the surface of bamboo charcoal becomes silver. It is also clear that this can be crushed to function as an adsorbate.

Regarding the adsorption of volatile harmful organic compounds, mixed powders containing 12-23 wt% of waste bamboo charcoal in waste tatami coal are superior to adsorption of formaldehyde, especially for adsorption of formaldehyde.
Although it is easy to crush waste tatami coal, it is considered that there is no merit of mixing 23% by weight or more economically because waste bamboo charcoal is hard and requires a pulverizer.

The first application is removal of foul odors in refrigerators and toilets and adsorption of volatile toxic organic compounds. Unburned bamboo charcoal, activated carbon and coconut shell activated carbon are commercially available. There is no mixed powder with 12-23 wt% of waste bamboo charcoal in tatami coal.
This waste tatami coal or mixed powder containing 12-23 wt% of waste bamboo charcoal in waste tatami coal is wrapped in breathable Japanese paper or cloth and used in a refrigerator, toilet, or room.
In addition, it may be incorporated in an automobile exhaust pipe and effective for adsorption of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

  The second use is a mixture of matt glass wool heat insulating material with waste tatami coal or 12-23 wt% of waste bamboo charcoal in waste tatami coal with an air gun. It is easy to make a glass wool insulation entangled with 15-25% by volume. This not only contributes to the adsorption of volatile harmful organic compounds, but the insulation is condensed and drooled by its own amount. Prevents the heat insulation effect from decreasing. Furthermore, it prevents mold and mites from being generated by condensation, and demonstrates the effect of three birds with one stone.

Thirdly, the use of tatami charcoal alone is possible, but the use of tatami charcoal mixed with 10-25% by volume of crushed bamboo charcoal is suitable for adsorption of formaldehyde, etc. In the case of a newly built apartment house, indoor air is circulated overnight in a large metal or resin cartridge loaded with a mixture of tatami and bamboo charcoal prior to moving in, so that harmful substances such as formaldehyde can be circulated. By adsorbing, you can move into a healthy environment. In this case, in order to promote the evaporation of volatile harmful organic compounds such as formaldehyde from wall materials and the like, it is preferable to operate the installed heating equipment and raise the indoor air temperature. If necessary, you can continue by replacing the tatami charcoal in the cartridge with a new one.
After removal of formaldehyde before moving into the room, if formaldehyde evaporates, or in a room where organic harmful substances still appear in 1 to 3 years, the above-mentioned small cartridge circulates indoor air constantly with a fan with low airflow. You can drive and create a good environment. It is sufficient to replace the coal mixture in the cartridge once every two to three months. Furthermore, this can be systematized with other systems such as air conditioners and air purifiers to reduce the price of the adsorption system. Benefits can be realized.

  Using a CYT type carbonization device manufactured by Sea Y Sea Co., Ltd., 40 pieces of waste tatami cut into about 30 cm square are placed in a dry distillation box, and the temperature inside the box is from 400 degrees to the maximum temperature is about 800 degrees Carbonization was carried out for 10 hours to obtain tatami coal (a mixture of firewood and a small amount of charcoal).

  As in Example 1, but instead of waste tatami, waste bamboo charcoal having a diameter of about 4 centimeters is carbonized using a material divided into four with a length of about 30 centimeters to obtain waste bamboo charcoal, which is about 5 millimeters or less. To grind.

Using 2 grams of tatami coal obtained in Example 1 of 5 mm or less alone, and 2 grams of the mixture of 0.33 grams of bamboo charcoal powder obtained in Example 2 for 1.67 grams of tatami coal. Then, an organic harmful gas having a predetermined concentration in 3 liters of air was placed in an odor bag and left standing. Tables 1, 2 and 3 show the results of the test for removing harmful organic gases.

The tatami surface was peeled off from the abandoned tatami and cut into a length of about 160 centimeters and a width of about 27 centimeters. The obtained carbide was somewhat contracted to a width of about 27 centimeters, but was obtained in a shape close to that of the roll.
It was confirmed that the odor peculiar to the refrigerator was removed after 1-2 hours when this one was wrapped in Japanese paper with good air permeability (manufactured by Mizuko Co., Ltd.) and placed in the refrigerator. .

About 20% of the glass wool capacity was blown out by spraying the tatami charcoal alone and the mixture of tatami charcoal and bamboo charcoal obtained in Example 3 onto a mat-shaped glass wool heat insulating material having a thickness of about 2 cm using an air gun. These carbides entangled well and the amount of spontaneous fall was very small.
When the glass wool itself entangled with this charcoal is placed in a wet heat tester and subjected to a relative humidity of 80% / temperature of 40 ° C. for 7 days, the control glass wool itself has water droplets or glass wool fibers entangled. However, no water droplets were seen on glass wool entangled with charcoal.

  As in Example 1, however, tatami coal was obtained at a maximum temperature of 480 degrees in the dry distillation box. About 50 grams of this was put in a Japanese paper bag of grass and placed in the toilet, and it was confirmed that the unique ammonia odor disappeared after 1-2 hours.

Two 6-tatami rooms in a newly built Japanese house are left as they are for reference, and the other one is a cylindrical metal cartridge with an inner diameter of 60 centimeters and a height of 70 centimeters at the fan vent. Inside, the mixture of tatami coal and bamboo charcoal obtained in Example 3 was loaded to a cartridge height of about 50 centimeters. Indoor air was circulated overnight with a fan with an air volume of about 2.5 cubic meters / minute to test the adsorption of formaldehyde harmful substances. The temperature setting of the temperature controllers in both rooms was 26 degrees throughout the test period.
The results of measuring the indoor air with a formaldehyde detector tube after 2 hours were as follows.
Control formaldehyde concentration 6ppm
No formaldehyde concentration detected in the experimental area

In the room designated as the control zone in Example 7, 30 roll-shaped scraped surface coals (ie, charcoal) having a length of about 24 centimeters and a diameter of about 6 to 7 centimeters made in Example 4 were placed in the corner of the newspaper. The room air was circulated all night so that the air was applied to it with the fan used in Example 7. The temperature setting of the room temperature controller was 26 degrees.
One day later, the result of measuring indoor air with a formaldehyde detector tube was a formaldehyde concentration of 1 ppm or less.

Claims (4)

Abandoned tatami coal (carp / grass) carbonized in the temperature range of 400 to 900 degrees Celsius, or waste bamboo / waste charcoal carbonized in the same temperature range to less than 5 millimeters. A carbide and a carbonized composition for adsorbing malodorous substances such as ammonia, nitrogen oxides and organic volatile harmful substances, characterized by blending 12 to 23% by weight of the obtained powder. A scroll-like malodorous substance obtained by stripping the tatami surface of an abandoned tatami and winding it in the length direction to form a scroll having a diameter of 5 to 10 centimeters in a temperature range of 400 to 900 degrees Celsius. , Carbides that adsorb nitrogen oxides and organic volatile harmful substances. The waste tatami coal according to claim 1 or a mixture of 12-23 wt% of waste bamboo / waste carbide powder to the tatami charcoal, and 15-25% by volume of the glass wool insulation by air gun on a matte glass wool insulation. Humidity-controlling and mold-resistant insulation, characterized by entanglement. The waste tatami coal according to claim 1 or a mixture of 12-23 wt% of waste bamboo and waste carbide powder in the tatami coal and placed in a cartridge, and an introduction pipe is attached to the blower side of a fan that circulates indoor air An efficient method for adsorbing and removing organic volatile harmful substances, characterized in that the cartridge is connected to the tip of the cartridge and room air is circulated through the cartridge.