JP2005199133A - Rice hull treating method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rice hull treating method to provide a silica resource, in details, to process into powder having a certain characteristic by enzyme treatment of the rice hull and crushing. <P>SOLUTION: The present invention provides the rice hull treating method comprising processes for: obtaining a mixture by mixing the rice hull with a decomposition enzyme; enzyme-treating the rice hull by agitating or settling the mixture; obtaining a dried object by drying the enzyme-treated rice hull; and obtaining particles by crushing the dried object. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a new processing method for the purpose of reuse of rice straw. More specifically, the present invention relates to a treatment method for decomposing the structure of rice bran into a shape that can be easily used as a silica resource.

  The amount of rice straw, rice bran, and rice straw as agricultural by-products associated with the rice industry in Japan is about twice as large as rice production.

  On the other hand, reliance on fossil raw materials for industrial products has a limited reserve, and by-products of industrial waste become a problem, so it is important for humankind to reduce their use as much as possible It is a thing. In recent years, utilization of resources approaching zero emission has been demanded. Therefore, it can be said that effective use of unused resources is extremely important.

As a method of reuse, for example, rice bran is mixed with rice bran and water, a medium or enzyme containing microbial cells such as rice bran is added, the enzyme reaction is promoted, and an edible rice bran is presented ( Patent Document 1).

  For Momigara, its emissions are well over 2 million tonnes per year. It is close to 30% of rice production. These paddy rice are currently used for underdrains, compost, livestock feed, livestock barn, or charcoal, etc., and one third are incinerated and other waste. ing.

  However, even when buried in the field as a compost, it takes a long time to decompose. For this reason, it cannot contribute much for the purpose of fertilizing the land. In addition, as livestock feed, the amount of energy required for chewing is greater than that of rice bran, which is rather harmful.

  Even if it is mixed with straw as a laying material in a barn, it takes a long time to be composted as waste after use.

  In addition, there is an attempt to effectively use crushed chaff. However, Momijira has a tough outer shell, and the machine used for crushing is severely damaged and consumed, which increases the amortization cost of the machinery and is not industrially profitable.

  Inevitably, there is a use in which rough mechanically pulverized material of about 10 mesh is used for, for example, charcoal charcoal. However, the amount is very small compared to the amount of generated chaff. In addition, rough pulverization of about 10 mesh has a particle size that is too coarse and has a surface area that is too small to be used industrially for compounding plastics and the like. Although it is not without the movement to pulverize more finely and aim for industrial use, as described above, the load on the machine is large and it is expensive, so it was not profitable as an industrial raw material.

  Moreover, even if the pulverized product is sieved and a particle size rank is provided and there is a use for each rank, the pulverization is naturally expensive and unprofitable.

  In addition, farmers have incinerated rice fields and effectively used the generated ash, but in recent years smoke caused by incineration has become a pollution problem and has been virtually banned. As described above, rice straw has a problem in the aspect of reuse, and a reuse method has not yet been established.

  On the other hand, relying on fossil raw materials for industrial products has a limited reserve, and by-products of industrial waste become a problem. The important thing is not to wait. Therefore, it can be said that effective use of unused resources is extremely important.

Most of the organic component is cellulose, and 87-97% by weight of the inorganic component is composed of amorphous hydrated silica (SiO ₂ ) and a small amount of an element such as alkali. It accumulates between the epidermis cells and the cuticle layer of the chrysanthemum as silica hydrate in the chrysanthemum and exhibits the cell wall morphology of the epidermis cells. This silica is presumed to have high reactivity because it has fine particles, a large pore volume, and a large surface area.

If active silica in the chaff can be obtained easily and efficiently, use of the silica in the chaff as a raw material is conceivable.

JP-A-11-56276

There has been a demand for a method for treating rice crackers that solves the above problems and approaches zero emission from an environmental point of view. On the other hand, there has been a demand for an economical treatment method for treating rice bran into a shape that can be easily used as a silica supply source.

In view of the above, the present inventors have intensively researched aiming at providing a method for easily processing a rice bran into a shape that can be easily reused.

As an embodiment of the processing method of the chaff according to the present invention,
Mixing a rice cracker and a degrading enzyme to obtain a mixture;
A step of agitating or indwelling the mixture to enzymatically treat the chaff;
Drying the enzyme-treated rice cracker to obtain a dried product;
A step of pulverizing the dried product to obtain a granular material may be included.

  Here, in the enzyme treatment step, the degrading enzyme may be contained in an amount of 1 g / l to 20 g / l with respect to pure water.

  The degrading enzyme can also be selected from the group consisting of a cellulolytic enzyme, a hemicellulose degrading enzyme, and a proteolytic enzyme.

  Alternatively, the degrading enzyme can be selected from the group consisting of cellulase, glucoamylase, tannase, phytase, protease, chitinase, serbase, hemicellulase, or xylanase.

  Here, the moisture content of the chaff can be maintained in the range of 1 to 25% by weight during the enzyme treatment step.

  Further, in the enzyme treatment step, the enzyme treatment may be performed under conditions of pH 3.0 to 7.0, temperature 40 ° C. to 80 ° C., and normal pressure.

  The granular material may be 10 to 200 mesh pass. Further, the granulate may contain 1% to 20% by weight of silicic acid.

  The granular material obtained by this invention can be manufactured by the processing method as described in this invention.

  Here, “boiled” in the present invention refers to the epidermis that covers the periphery of rice grains. The type of rice is not specified.

The method for treating rice hulls of the present invention is as follows:
Mixing a rice cracker and a degrading enzyme to obtain a mixture;
A step of agitating or indwelling the mixture to enzymatically treat the chaff;
Drying the enzyme-treated rice cracker to obtain a dried product;
The method includes a step of pulverizing the dried product to obtain a granular material, and a fine granular material having certain characteristics can be produced. By using the degrading enzyme, the fiber structure of the rice cracker can be decomposed to facilitate the grinding of the rice cracker.

  Conventionally, the treatment method of rice bran is a treatment by pulverization. Depending on this method, the consumption of machinery is severe, the depreciation cost of machinery is high, and it is difficult to make fine particles industrially. By the method of the present invention, it is possible to decompose and easily pulverize the tough fiber structure of the chaff. A general-purpose pulverizer that can be used normally can easily produce a granule having a certain size without any mechanical loss. Accordingly, the silica contained in the chaff can be made into fine particles, and the chaff can be usefully used.

  Further, the produced granular material has certain characteristics. As an example of the application, there is a mixture in which a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is mixed at a certain ratio. A gel-like body can be formed by a certain method.

  Hereinafter, the processing method of the chaff of this invention is demonstrated.

The method for treating rice hulls of the present invention comprises mixing a rice hull and a degrading enzyme to obtain a mixture,
A step of agitating or indwelling the mixture to enzymatically treat the chaff;
Drying the enzyme-treated rice cracker to obtain a dried product;
And crushing the dried product to obtain a granular material.

  The degrading enzyme used in the present invention is selected from the group consisting of cellulose degrading enzyme, hemicellulose degrading enzyme, and proteolytic enzyme in order to degrade the constituents of rice straw, and can be used alone or in multiple combinations. obtain. These enzymes may be derived from microorganisms, plants, or animals, and commercially available products may be used. Moreover, the decomposition microorganism containing these may be sufficient.

  As the degrading enzyme, for example, cellulase, glucoamylase, tannase, phytase, protease, chitinase, serbase, hemicellulase, or xylanase can be preferably used.

  For example, when cellulase is used as the degrading enzyme, any enzyme generally known as cellulase can be used without particular limitation.

  The enzyme treatment reaction can be performed in a reaction vessel that can withstand normal temperature and pressure, and in any state such as a batch type, a semi-continuous type, or a continuous type.

  In the above enzymatic decomposition step, the decomposing enzyme used in the present invention is an aqueous solution containing 1 g / l to 20 g / l with respect to pure water. If necessary, the pH can be adjusted and reacted with the rice hull.

  The water content of the chaff is maintained in the range of about 1-25% by weight during the enzyme treatment.

  The enzyme treatment can be performed under conditions of pH 3.0 to 7.0, 40 to 80 ° C., preferably 40 to 70 ° C., and normal pressure. The processing time depends on the enzyme and the enzyme dose. The longer the treatment time, the more stable the fine particles can be obtained.

  The enzyme-treated paddock is dried. The drying step can be performed, for example, in a temperature range of room temperature to 100 ° C. after washing and filtering with pure water. When sufficiently dried, it is more uniformly pulverized and can be suitably used for the use of the granular material of the present invention as a silica resource.

  The dried product is pulverized. As the pulverization method, a commonly used dry pulverization method can be used. Since the cellulose portion is decomposed by the enzyme treatment, the dried product is already an aggregate of fine particles and can be easily pulverized by a small impact. Therefore, a granular material of 10 to 200 mesh pass can be easily obtained with a normal pulverizer without using a pulverizer for fine pulverization. As the pulverizer, any device such as a jaw crusher, a gyratory crusher, a cone crusher, a hammer crusher, an autogenous pulverizer, a ball mill, a medium agitation mill, a roller mill, a high-speed rotary mill, and a jet mill can be used. Specifically, a twin-screw compression crusher (Super Press Mill, manufactured by Miike Steel Co., Ltd.), a high-speed rotary mill (U-series, manufactured by Horai Co., Ltd.), a fine crusher (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Corporation), a screw feeder. A crusher with attachment (manufactured by Horai Co., Ltd.) can be exemplified.

  Note that the pulverization step can also be performed by a wet method. However, a drying step is required after fine pulverization, and there are problems such as adhesion, aggregation, abrasion, and contamination as well as handling operations. Furthermore, since the surface area of the fine particles is large, a large amount of energy is required for sufficient drying, which is not preferable from an economical viewpoint.

  Through the above steps, the rice bran is manufactured in the form of a powdery body. The obtained granular material is 10 to 200 mesh pass, and can maintain a certain size in this range. Granules of 200 mesh pass or more can be obtained, and granules of 500, 1000, 1500 mesh pass are also possible. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that an extremely fine granular body of 2000 mesh pass can be obtained.

  The obtained granular material may contain 1 wt% to 20 wt% of silicic acid as a constituent component. Further, the cellulose may be contained in an amount of 10% to 80% by weight. In addition, it may contain a constituent component initially contained in the rice cracker such as lignin.

The granular material which processed the above-mentioned chaff is used usefully.

For example, a mixture with various resin compositions is mentioned. In particular, when mixed with a resin having a reactive group such as a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an ether group or an oligomer thereof, silicic acid contained in the granular material of the present invention becomes a crosslinking point, and a higher order structure can be formed.

  Examples of the resin include a resin composition containing a derivative having a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group, an ether group or an amino group, such as an olefin resin or a derivative thereof, a cyclic olefin, polystyrene and a derivative thereof, a vinyl resin, or a polyamide resin. .

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail based on this invention, this invention is not limited only to these Examples.

  In the examples, a stainless steel container in a constant temperature bath was used as the enzyme reactor. For the pulverization, a small pulverizer (SK-M3 type manufactured by Kyoritsu Riko Co., Ltd.) was used. The rice bran used was dried at 60 ° C. for 3 hours.

  150 ml of pure water adjusted to pH 7.0 by adding a buffer solution (phosphate buffer pH 6.86) to a 200 ml beaker, neutral cellulase preparation Raxel RM-600 (Biowash processing enzyme agent for jeans, manufactured by Sakai Tohsei Co., Ltd.) ) Was added, and when the temperature reached a predetermined temperature, 10 g of rice cake was added. The bath ratio was 1:20, the working concentration was 10 g / l, the treatment temperature was 55 ° C., the treatment time was 12 hours, and the enzyme treatment was performed. After the treatment, the chaff was washed with pure water, filtered, and dried at 60 ° C. until a constant weight was obtained.

  After drying, the mixture was pulverized with a pulverizer for 10 minutes (rotational speed: 14,000 rpm). The granular material was 50% by weight or more in a 200 mesh pass.

  In a 200 ml beaker, put 150 ml of pure water adjusted to pH 4.5 by adding a buffer solution (phthalate buffer solution pH 4.01), acidic cellulase preparation Entilon (manufactured by Nitto Kasei Co., Ltd.) When the temperature was reached, 10 g of rice was added. The bath ratio was 1:20, the working concentration was 10 g / l, the treatment temperature was 55 ° C., the treatment time was 12 hours, and the enzyme treatment was performed. After the treatment, the chaff was washed with pure water, filtered, and dried at 60 ° C. until a constant weight was obtained.

  After drying, the mixture was pulverized for 10 minutes with a small pulverizer (SK-M3 type, manufactured by Kyoritsu Riko Co., Ltd.). The granular material was 50% by weight or more in a 200 mesh pass.

  In a 200 ml beaker, put 150 ml of pure water adjusted to pH 5.0 by adding buffer solution (phthalate buffer solution pH 4.01), Cellulase preparation Super Bio K-80 (manufactured by water-soluble immobilizing cellulase, manufactured by Saito Kasei Co., Ltd.) When the temperature reached a predetermined level, 10 g of momigara was added. The bath ratio was 1:20, the working concentration was 10 g / l, the treatment temperature was 55 ° C., the treatment time was 12 hours, and the enzyme treatment was performed. After the treatment, the chaff was washed with pure water, filtered, and dried at 60 ° C. until a constant weight was obtained.

  After drying, the mixture was pulverized for 10 minutes with a small pulverizer (SK-M3 type, manufactured by Kyoritsu Riko Co., Ltd.). The granular material was 50% by weight or more in a 200 mesh pass.

  Except that the treatment time was set to 24 hours, in the same manner as in Example 3, the rice bran was treated with Super Bio to obtain a granular material. The granular material was observed with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., magnification: 500 times). As shown in FIG. Many particles of about 400 mesh pass were detected.

  Except that the treatment time was set to 48 hours, in the same manner as in Example 3, the rice bran was treated with Super Bio to obtain a granular material. The granular material was observed with a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., magnification: 500 times). As shown in FIG. Many particles of about 2000 mesh pass were detected.

[Comparative Example 1]
Without performing the enzyme treatment, 100 g of dried rice crackers were pulverized. The pulverization was performed for 20 minutes with a small pulverizer (SK-M3 type, manufactured by Kyoritsu Riko Co., Ltd.). Granules of about 10 mesh pass were the main.

  The composite material of the granular material obtained by the processing method of the rice bran of this invention and polyvinyl alcohol was manufactured in the following example.

  In a heat-resistant glass beaker, 50 parts of polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) having a polymerization degree of 1700 and a saponification degree of 99% was added to 450 parts of pure water, and stirred for 30 minutes while being kept at 95 ° C. in a constant temperature layer. Thereafter, the heating was stopped and cooling was performed while stirring in the atmosphere. Thereafter, 100 parts of the granulated particles were added to the granular 120 mesh pass obtained in Example 1 above, and the mixture was slowly stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a slurry.

  The slurry was poured into a polypropylene dish, cooled in a freezer, and left at −20 ° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, freezing was released at room temperature. This freezing step-releasing step was repeated three times. The resulting gel was dried at 50 ° C. for 3 days. A strong plate-like product made of granules obtained by treating polyvinyl alcohol and rice bran was obtained. This composite material had sufficient tensile strength, elongation, and bending strength to be used as a structural material.

  According to the method for treating chaff according to the present invention, it is possible to easily obtain a treated frit of fine particles with a general-purpose grinder without damaging or consuming the crushing machine with the structure of the chaff. Therefore, the method of this invention can obtain the granular material which is economically treated with a chaff, and this granular material can be applied to various fields as a material.

Electron micrograph of the granular material obtained in the present invention (24-hour enzyme treatment) Electron micrograph of the granular material obtained in the present invention (48 hours enzyme treatment)

Claims (10)

Mixing a rice cracker and a degrading enzyme to obtain a mixture;
A step of agitating or indwelling the mixture to enzymatically treat the chaff;
Drying the enzyme-treated rice cracker to obtain a dried product;
A method for treating chaff comprising a step of pulverizing the dried product to obtain a granular material.   The rice cracker treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the enzyme treatment step, a degrading enzyme is contained in an amount of 1 g / l to 20 g / l with respect to pure water.   The rice cracker treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the degrading enzyme is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose degrading enzyme, a hemicellulose degrading enzyme, and a proteolytic enzyme.   4. The rice bran treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the degrading enzyme is selected from the group consisting of cellulase, glucoamylase, tannase, phytase, protease, chitinase, serbiase, hemicellulase, or xylanase.   5. The method for treating chaffs according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the moisture content of the chaff is maintained in the range of 1 to 25% by weight during the enzyme treatment step.   6. The chaff treatment according to claim 1, wherein in the enzyme treatment step, the enzyme treatment is performed under conditions of pH 3.0 to 7.0, temperature 40 ° C. to 80 ° C., and normal pressure. Method.   The paddy processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the granular material has a 10 to 200 mesh pass.   The paddy processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the granular material contains 1 wt% to 20 wt% of silicic acid as a constituent component.   The granule manufactured by the processing method in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 8. Granules produced by the treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
Mixture with polyvinyl alcohol resin.

Images