JP2005193238A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crusher capable of being compactly constituted and having an ehanced efficiency of crushing. <P>SOLUTION: The crusher has a pair of crushing disks 2a, 2b and a pushing-into member 21. The pair of the crushing disks 2a, 2b has a crushing edge 19 on a disk surface, is arranged to be faced apart from a determined distance to be gradually narrow toward one edge and forms a crushing space 4. In the pushing-into member 21, a material to be crushed 1 charged in the above crushing space 4 is pushed in toward a direction for the crushing space 4 to be narrow and crushed. To at least one of the crushing disks 2a and 2b, a rotational motion is given by a rotational driving means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a crusher suitable for dismantling a component such as a compressor such as a refrigerator or an air conditioner.

  A crushing space is formed by facing a pair of crushers having crushing blades at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow in a direction in which the object to be crushed is pushed, and at least one of the pair of crushers There is known a crusher provided with a pushing member that imparts crushing motion to the crushing space and pushes the material to be crushed into the crushing space. And the said crusher makes a crushing machine reciprocate, and crushes to-be-crushed material.

However, if the reciprocating motion is applied to the crusher as described above, it is necessary to secure the space required for the arrangement of the reciprocating drive means in the longitudinal direction of the crusher, and the crusher should be configured compactly. There is a problem that it is difficult to do. Further, since the driving means generates a reciprocating motion, a reciprocating driving mechanism required for the driving means is required, and also in this respect, it is difficult to reduce the size of the driving means. Furthermore, when the reciprocating motion is performed, the crushing function is performed by one direction of movement (forward movement) of the crushing machine, and the effective crushing function is not performed or performed by movement of the reverse direction (reverse movement). Even very little crushing. Therefore, there exists a difficulty that crushing efficiency cannot fully be raised as it is the said reciprocating motion type thing.
Japanese Patent No. 3530096 Japanese Patent No. 3530105 JP 2001-219088 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to make the crusher compact and improve crushing efficiency.

  In order to achieve the above object, a crusher according to the present invention has a crushing blade on a board surface and a pair of crushers which are arranged so as to face each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end to form a crushing space. And a pushing member that pushes the material to be crushed into the crushing space in a direction in which the crushing space is narrowed and crushes the material to be crushed, and moves by at least one of the two crushers by the driving means. The gist is to be granted.

  In other words, according to the present invention, the object to be crushed enters the narrow space, so that the crushing blade bites into the object to be crushed more reliably and reliable crushing is obtained. By imparting motion to at least one of the two crushers, the object to be crushed is more reliably crushed.

  In the crusher of the present invention, a crushing space is formed by confronting a pair of crushers having crushing blades with a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward a direction in which the object to be crushed is pushed, A crusher provided with a pushing member that pushes an object to be crushed into a space, wherein at least one crusher among the crushers is rotated by a rotation driving means to give a crushing motion. it can.

  Since the crushing motion is imparted by rotating at least one of the crushers by the rotation drive means, the rotation drive means of the crusher can be arranged on or near the rotation axis of the crusher, A compact unit of the crusher can be achieved by forming a unit in which the crusher and the rotation driving means are well-organized. At the same time, the rotation drive means is not arranged so as to protrude to the outer peripheral side of the crushing disk, so that the opening for introducing the material to be crushed into the crushing space can be enlarged and the pushing member enters the crushing space. This is convenient to operate as a crusher. Furthermore, since the crusher performs continuous rotational motion in a predetermined direction, the crushing motion is continuously performed and the crushing efficiency is improved.

  In the crusher of the present invention, when a restriction wall for forcibly receiving the object to be crushed that has moved in the rotation direction by the rotation of the crusher is disposed between the two crushers, the crusher cannot be moved by the restriction wall. Since the crushing blade of the crusher bites into the object to be crushed and pressed by the pushing member, the crushing force from the crusher sufficiently acts on the object to be crushed, and the crushing of the object to be crushed is ensured. Done.

  In the crusher according to the present invention, when the pair of restriction walls divide the crushing space, the crushing space is formed by both the crushing discs and the pair of restriction walls. Is completely restrained and pressed by the pushing member, so that the crushing force from the crusher sufficiently acts on the material to be crushed, and the material to be crushed is more reliably crushed.

  In the crusher of the present invention, when the crushing space is arranged at a position separated from the rotation center of the crusher, at a location away from a location where the rotation operation of the crushing blade near the rotation center cannot be expected, The crushing blade can be rotated reliably. Therefore, the crushing blade biting operation with respect to the object to be crushed can be continuously ensured, and the crushing is reliably performed.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described.

  1 to 7 show a first embodiment of the present invention.

  This embodiment is of a vertical type in which the object to be crushed 1 moves while being crushed from above to below, FIG. 1 is a front view of the crusher, and FIG. 2 is [2]-[2 of FIG. ] Cross-sectional view, FIG. 3 is a [3]-[3] cross-sectional view of FIG.

  The crushers 2a and 2b made of a thick plate-shaped steel material have a circular shape and are given sufficient strength to withstand the crushing operation. The surfaces 3a and 3b of the crushers 2a and 2b are flat. Crushing blades described later according to FIGS. 5 and 6 are attached to the surfaces 3a and 3b. In addition, illustration of the crushing blade is abbreviate | omitted in FIGS.

  The crushing discs 2a and 2b are rotated by rotation driving means, and the crushing space 4 is formed by the surfaces 3a and 3b facing each other at a predetermined interval. And this crushing space 4 is made into the space shape which becomes gradually narrow toward the direction into which the to-be-ground | pulverized object 1 is pushed. In order to do so, the rotation axes OO of the crushers 2a and 2b are inclined shaft arrangements. As the rotational drive means for rotating the crushing discs 2a and 2b, a type that transmits rotational force to a gear and a sprocket wheel fixed to the rotating shaft of the crushing discs 2a and 2b, or a drive motor is directly coupled to the crushing discs 2a and 2b. Various types can be adopted such as the type of In this embodiment, the latter drive motor system is used.

  That is, although the internal structure is not illustrated, the geared motors 5a and 5b are generally employed in which a reduction mechanism is combined with an electric motor, and the outer shape is a circular or square cylindrical shape. The geared motors 5a and 5b are fixed to the stationary member 6 so that the rotation axis OO has a predetermined inclination angle.

  FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the coupling structure between the geared motor 5a and the crusher 2a (the other crusher 2b side has the same structure, so only one side is shown), and a support disk is mounted on the casing 5c of the geared motor 5a. 7 is integrally formed, and an annular flange 8 is provided on the outer periphery thereof. The output shaft 10 of the geared motor 5a is coupled to the crusher 2a. The outer peripheral portion of the small diameter portion 2 c of the crusher 2 a is supported by an annular bearing 9 disposed inside the flange 8. The diameter of the small diameter portion 2c is set to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the crusher 2a. By doing so, the crusher 2a is supported by the large-diameter bearing 9 and can withstand the crushing reaction force during the crushing operation. The crusher 2a is supported, and a strong crushing force can be input to the object 1 to be crushed. The bearing 9 is a radial bearing, and a normal thrust bearing is used as the thrust bearing, and is not shown in this example.

  Restricting walls 11a, 11b are arranged at predetermined intervals between the surfaces 3a, 3b of the crushing disks 2a, 2b, and are surrounded by the restricting walls 11a, 11b and the surfaces 3a, 3b as shown in FIG. This space is referred to as a crushing space 4. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the crushing space 4 is disposed at a position separated from the rotation center of the crushers 2 a and 2 b. That is, since the center of rotation of the crushing disks 2 a and 2 b does not exist in the crushing space 4, a crushing blade described later can always bite into the object 1 in the crushing space 4. Moreover, the to-be-crushed object 1 is prevented from moving to the rotation direction of the crushing discs 2a and 2b by the receiving function of the regulation walls 11a and 11b. The regulation walls 11a and 11b are formed on the surfaces of the regulation plates 12a and 12b, and the regulation walls 11a and 11b face each other in a parallel state as shown in FIGS. The restriction plates 12a and 12b are fixed to the stationary member 6 via coupling members 13 disposed above and below the restriction plates 12a and 12b.

  The regulating walls 11a and 11b are forcibly receiving the object 1 to be crushed that has moved in the rotational direction of the crushing discs 2a and 2b. The part of the regulating wall that substantially performs the receiving function has the rotational direction shown in FIG. When it is clockwise as shown in FIG. 2, it will be in the state divided | segmented into the receiving surfaces 14a and 14b. That is, the receiving surface 14a is a restriction wall 11a above the virtual horizontal plane 15 that passes through the rotation axis OO, and the receiving surface 14b is a restriction below the virtual horizontal plane 15 that passes through the rotation axis OO. This is the wall 11b. When such a state of the receiving surfaces 14a and 14b is seen in FIG. 1, since the rotation direction of the crushers 2a and 2b is the direction of the arrow line 16, the receiving surface 14b is illustrated below the virtual horizontal surface 15 as shown in FIG. It exists on the back side of the plate 12b. Further, the receiving surface 14 a exists above the virtual horizontal surface 15 on the regulation plate 12 a side.

  When viewed from the surface of the receiving surfaces 14a and 14b, the guide function that the fragments of the object to be crushed 1 fall in reality is divided into upper and lower parts with the virtual horizontal plane 15 as the boundary as described above. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the restriction plate 12 b (12 a) has a vertical length that exceeds the overall height of the crushing space 4. An input part 17 for the object 1 to be crushed is arranged above the restriction plates 12a and 12b having such lengths, and a discharge part 18 for crushed pieces is arranged at the lower part.

  FIG. 4 shows a case where the arrangement postures of the regulation plates 12a and 12b are changed. This is because the interval between the regulating walls 11a and 11b is gradually narrower in the direction in which the object 1 is pushed, and for this purpose, the regulating plate 12b is fixed to the stationary member 6 in an inclined posture. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), a non-slip portion is provided on the surface of the regulation wall 11b in order to prevent the object 1 to be crushed that has contacted the regulation wall 11b from slipping toward the input portion 17 side. 24 is provided. As the shape of the anti-slip portion 24, various shapes such as a concavo-convex shape can be adopted, but in this example, it is a serrated jagged shape.

  As described above, since the distance between the regulating walls 11a and 11b is narrow in the pushing direction of the object 1 to be crushed, the object 1 to be crushed enters into a narrower space, and therefore the crushing blade described later is more effective. The object to be crushed 1 is surely cut and the crushing effect is improved.

  Crushing blades are provided on the surfaces 3a and 3b of the crushing disks 2a and 2b. Various shapes of the crushing blade can be adopted, but in this embodiment, the shape shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used. In addition, since the crushing blade is provided in the same state in both crushing machines 2a and 2b, only one crushing machine 2b is demonstrated. That is, the crushing blades 19 projecting from the surface 3b in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape are arranged in the diameter direction of the surface 3b, and such an arrangement is arranged over the entire circumference of the surface 3b at equal angular intervals. A blade portion 20 is formed on the rotation direction side of each crushing blade 19.

  In order to reliably crush the object 1 to be crushed into the crushing space 4, a mechanism for pushing the object 1 to be crushed in the narrow direction of the crushing space 4 is provided. This is because the pushing member 21 enters the crushing space 4 and enters the discharge unit 18 from the input unit 17. This approach is performed by the output of the hydraulic cylinder 22 fixed to the stationary member 6, and the pushing member 21 is coupled to the piston rod 23 of the hydraulic cylinder 22. Instead of the hydraulic cylinder 22 as described above, the pushing shaft 21 can be advanced and retracted by screwing the screw shaft rotated by the rotation driving means into the pushing member 21.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the rotation direction of the crushers 2 a and 2 b is set to face the pushing direction of the object 1 to be crushed in the crushing space 4. By doing so, the object to be crushed 1 to be pushed back from the crushing space 4 by the rotation of the crushing discs 2a and 2b is pushed toward the back of the crushing space 4 by the pushing member 21, and reliable crushing is obtained.

  In the above embodiment, both of the crushers 2a and 2b are rotating, but it is possible to keep either one stationary as in the embodiment described later. The same effect as in the case of rotating both of the crushers 2a and 2b can be obtained.

  The operation of the above embodiment will be described.

  The pushing cylinder 21 is moved backward by operating the hydraulic cylinder 22, the object 1 to be crushed is put into the crushing space 4 from the input part 17, the pushing member 21 is pressurized to the object 1 to be crushed by the hydraulic cylinder 22, and then crushed. The boards 2a and 2b are rotated by the geared motors 5a and 5b. Then, the crushing blade 19 of the crusher 2a, 2b bites into the material 1 to be crushed, and thereby the material 1 to be crushed is crushed by the crushing force acting on the material 1 to be crushed.

  Such crushing progresses in combination with various crushing phenomena. One example is that when the material 1 to be crushed is crushed and this crushed piece is pushed in by the pushing member 21, they are now Is further finely crushed and discharged from the discharge unit 18. Alternatively, a strong bending force acts on the protruding shape portion of the object 1 to be crushed, the protruding shape portion is first broken, and then pushed into the pushing member 21 to crush large residual crushed pieces from the discharge portion 18. Discharged. Further, when the crushing blade 19 bites into the object 1 to be crushed, a phenomenon occurs in which a part of the object 1 to be crushed is scraped off. In addition, it is desirable that the crushing machines 2a and 2b are always rotated and the crushing efficiency is improved by continuously feeding the material 1 to be crushed and pushing in the pushing member 21.

  The effects of the first embodiment are listed as follows.

  Since the crushing motion is imparted by rotating at least one of the crushing discs 2a and 2b by the geared motor 5a or 5b, the geared motors 5a and 5b of the crushing discs 2a and 2b are provided. The crusher 2a, 2b can be placed on or near the rotation axis OO, and the crushers 2a, 2b and the geared motors 5a, 5b form a coherent unit so that the whole crusher can be made compact. Can do. At the same time, the geared motors 5a and 5b are not arranged so as to protrude to the outer peripheral side of the crushing discs 2a and 2b. In addition, it is easy to allow the pushing member 21 to enter the crushing space 4, which is convenient for operating as a crusher. Furthermore, since the crushing discs 2a and 2b perform continuous rotational motion in a predetermined direction, the crushing motion is continuously performed and the crushing efficiency is improved.

  Since the regulation walls 11a and 11b forcibly receiving the object 1 moved in the rotation direction by the rotation of the crushers 2a and 2b are disposed between the two crushers 2a and 2b, the object 1 to be crushed is The crushing blades 19 of the crushers 2a and 2b bite into the crushing object 1 pressed by the pushing member 21, and the crushing force from the crushers 2a and 2b is crushed. It acts sufficiently on the object 1 and the object to be crushed 1 is reliably crushed.

  Since the pair of restriction walls 11a and 11b define the crushing space 4, the crushing space 4 is formed by both the crushing disks 2a and 2b and the pair of restriction walls 11a and 11b. The object 1 to be crushed is completely restrained and pressed by the pushing member 21 so that the crushing force from the crushing disks 2a and 2b sufficiently acts on the object 1 to be crushed, and the object 1 is further crushed. Surely done.

  Since the crushing space 4 is arranged at a position separated from the rotation center OO of the crushing discs 2a and 2b, a location away from a location where the rotation operation of the crushing blade 19 near the rotation center OO cannot be expected. Thus, the rotation operation of the crushing blade 19 can be reliably obtained. Accordingly, the crushing operation of the crushing blade 19 with respect to the object to be crushed 1 can be ensured continuously, and crushing is performed reliably.

  Since the crushers 2a, 2b and the geared motors 5a, 5b are unitized and the geared motors 5a, 5b are fixed to the stationary member 6, the basic structure of the crusher is established simply by attaching this unit. The crusher can be completed with fewer parts. Moreover, the space shape of the crushing space 4 corresponding to various to-be-crushed objects 1 is obtained by selecting the attachment angle of the crushers 2a and 2b appropriately, and the usefulness of the crusher can be improved.

  Since the main components of the crusher are the crushing space 4 formed by the rotary crushers 2a and 2b, the regulation plates 12a and 12b, and the pushing member 21, the main components are used in various plants such as a dismantling plant and a recycling plant. The crusher can be easily installed and functioned.

  Even if the rotation directions of the crusher 2a and the crusher 2b are the same direction or in the opposite direction, the crushing force on the object 1 to be crushed can be set as predetermined by keeping the regulating walls 11a and 11b facing each other. It can be secured.

  Furthermore, if the crusher is kept operating with the rotation directions of the crusher 2a and crusher 2b being the same direction, for example, the upper surface of one of the regulating walls 11a is worn and the lower surface of the other regulating wall 11b Wears, so-called uneven wear proceeds. However, if the rotation direction of the crusher 2a and the crusher 2b is reversed depending on the state of wear, the above-mentioned surface that has not been worn can be made to function as a regulating wall, so that the life of the crusher is prolonged. Can do. Thus, the crusher over a long term is obtained by setting it as the structure which can reverse the rotation direction of the crusher 2a and the crusher 2b.

  By making the restricting plates 12a and 12b detachable from the stationary member 6, the crushing plates 2a and 2b can be easily maintained and maintained by retracting the pushing member 21 and removing the restricting plates 12a and 12b. Maintenance workability is improved.

  By restricting the shape of the restriction walls 11a and 11b in the direction in which the object 1 is pressed or by forming a concave shape, the object 1 is more reliably restrained.

  FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of the crusher of the present invention.

  In this embodiment, as described above, one crusher is kept stationary. That is, the crusher 2 a is fixed to the stationary member 6. Other than that, it is the same as that of the said Example, and attaches | subjects the same code | symbol to the same part. In addition, the effects are the same as those of the above embodiment.

  9 to 11 show a third embodiment of the crusher of the present invention.

  Although the said 1st Example is a vertical type crusher, this Example is a horizontal type. Since it is a horizontal type, it is necessary to prevent the object to be crushed 1 from falling or to allow the pushing member 21 to advance and retract in a substantially horizontal direction. Therefore, the support base 25 is being fixed to the stationary member 6 in the state extended to the vicinity of both the crushers 2a and 2b. The support base 25 is in a state of being connected to a later-described regulation plate 30 in series. In addition, a safety cover 26 is provided because it is dangerous if the fragments are scattered in the lateral direction. The safety cover 26 has a substantially vessel shape and covers the side where the crushing space 4 of the crushers 2a and 2b is narrow. The lower part of the safety cover 26 is pivotally attached to the stationary member 6 by a support shaft 27, and the upper part is coupled to the stationary member 6 by a detachable fixing means 28. In this example, the fixing means 28 is configured to screw a bolt 29 into the stationary member 6 side. In addition, a discharge port 26 a is provided in the safety cover 26 in order to discharge fragments of the object 1 from the crushing space 4.

  The support base 25 and the restriction plate 30 are formed of a series of plate-like members, but the portion corresponding to the surface 3a of the crusher 2a is the restriction plate 30 and the remaining portion (right side in FIGS. 9 and 10). Is a support base 25. A part of the restriction plate 30 is disposed in the safety cover 26. The upper surface of the restriction plate 30 is a restriction wall 30a. The surface of the support base 25 and the regulation wall 30a are disposed above the virtual horizontal plane 15 that passes through the rotation center OO. A regulation wall 34a is formed in a state facing the regulation wall 30a. The regulation wall 34a is formed on the regulation plate 34 coupled to the stationary member 6, and the regulation walls 30a and 34a correspond to the aforementioned regulation walls 11a and 11b. The hydraulic cylinder 22 is fixed to a support piece 31 fixed to the support base 25. Reference numeral 32 denotes a cover plate. Other than that, it is the same as that of each said Example, and attaches | subjects the same code | symbol to the same part. FIG. 11 is a modification of the pushing member 21, and an inclined surface 33 that presses the object 1 to be crushed is formed at the tip.

  With the above configuration, the object to be crushed 1 is placed on the support base 25 between the two crushing disks 2a and 2b as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the pushing member 21 is advanced to perform crushing. The safety cover 26 can prevent the fragments from being scattered. Then, the crushed pieces are discharged to the outside from the discharge port 26a. Furthermore, since the support base 25 can be formed of a single plate material or the like, it can be used for multiple functions such as sliding support of the push-in member 21 and placement of the object 1 to be crushed, and is effective for simplifying the structure. Other than that, there exists an effect similar to each said Example.

  Since a crushing space where one side is narrowed is formed with a rotary crushing machine, and crushing objects are constrained by restriction walls, continuous crushing operation by rotation can be obtained, and structurally Compactness can be achieved. Therefore, a simplified and inexpensive crusher can be provided to the user, and high marketability can be expected.

It is a front view showing the 1st example of the crusher of the present invention. It is [2]-[2] sectional drawing of FIG. It is [3]-[3] sectional drawing of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of a control board. It is a front view which shows the crushing blade. It is the perspective view and sectional drawing which expanded and showed the crushing blade. It is sectional drawing which shows the rotation support structure of a crusher. It is a front view which shows a 2nd Example. It is a side view which shows a 3rd Example. It is a top view of the thing of FIG. It is a side view which shows the modification of a pushing member.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Object to be crushed 2a, 2b Crusher 2c Small diameter part 3a, 3b Surface 4 Crushing space 5a, 5b Geared motor 5c Casing 6 Stationary member 7 Support disk 8 Flange 9 Bearing 10 Output shaft 11a, 11b Restriction wall 12a, 12b Restriction plate 13 Coupling members 14a, 14b Receiving surface 15 Virtual horizontal surface 16 Arrow line 17 Input portion 18 Discharge portion 19 Crushing blade 20 Blade portion 21 Pushing member 22 Hydraulic cylinder 23 Piston rod 24 Anti-slip portion 25 Support base 26 Safety cover 26a Discharge port 27 Support shaft 28 Fixing means 29 Bolt 30 Restriction plate 30a Restriction wall 31 Support piece 32 Cover plate 33 Inclined surface 34 Restriction plate 34a Restriction wall

Claims (2)

A pair of crushers that have crushing blades on the board surface and are arranged so as to confront each other at a predetermined interval so as to gradually narrow toward one end, and form a crushing space;
A pushing member that crushes the material to be crushed by pushing the material to be crushed into the crushing space in a direction in which the crushing space is narrowed;
A crusher characterized in that movement is given to at least one of the two crushers by a driving means.   The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the driving means is a rotational driving means, and the rotational driving means imparts a rotational motion to at least one of the crushers.

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