JP2005152001A - 心拍出量を非侵襲的に測定する装置及び方法 - Google Patents
心拍出量を非侵襲的に測定する装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 患者の気道と接触するエアウェイ管路(52)と、前記エアウェイ管路と接続される吸息管路(54)と、前記エアウェイ管路と接続される呼息管路(56)とを備えた患者の心拍出量を非侵襲的に決定するための装置であって、前記呼息管路が、前記患者からの呼気ガスの一定量を選択的に排出する排気線(106)と、呼気ガスの一定量を前記排気線を通じて放出させるための、前記排気線に接続された選択的に調節可能な弁(108)とを備えるように構成される装置。本発明の方法は、以前行われていたような呼吸終期のCO2値よりも肺胞のCO2値に基づいて心拍出量を概算する新規な手段(46)を提供する。心拍出量を算出するためのプログラムについても開示される。
【選択図】 図8
Description
が何人かの研究者の研究によって明らかとなった。その仮定は部分的再呼吸方法を使用することによって形成された(非特許文献1参照)。
チャペック等(Capek et al.)、"Noninvasive Measurement of Cardiac Output Using Partial CO2 Rebreathing" ,IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering 、第35巻、第9号、1988年9月、653−661ページ。
請求項4に記載の発明は、患者の気道と接触するエアウェイ管路と、前記エアウェイ管路と連通するガス供給源と、ガス吸入の目的でガスを患者の肺へと直接搬送するために、前記ガス供給源から前記患者の肺まで延び、且つ前記エアウェイ管路と縦一列に並んで配置されるガス吸入管路と、ガスを前記エアウェイ管路に供給するために前記エアウェイ管路に接続される換気源と、前記換気源と前記エアウェイ管路との間に連結される吸息管路
と、前記換気源と前記エアウェイ管路との間に連結される呼息管路とを備えた患者の心拍出量を非侵襲的に決定するための装置であって、前記ガス吸入管路とエアウェイ管路とが、間欠的死腔を備えるような大きさに作られ且つ配置され、該間欠的死腔から患者は呼気ガスを再呼吸することを要旨とする。
請求項8に記載の発明は、請求項7に記載の方法において、前記体積調節可能な死腔を調節する工程が、呼気ガス体積の前記基準値の20%よりも小さい呼気ガス体積の検知値に応答して、前記死腔の体積を拡張させる工程を含むことを要旨とする。
力を変えずに換気を減小させることができる。本発明の装置及び方法は装置を患者のいかなる大きさ又は容量にも合うように該装置を調節できる調節要素も提供する。また、本発明の装置は、大いに費用が少なくて済む構成要素を使用し、それによって装置を使い捨てにすることができる。
tCO2の変化がよりゆっくり起こるが、その後新しいレベルに安定する。死腔を導入(すなわち再呼吸)する直前に「標準の」又は基準の呼吸エピソードが選択された期間の間行われ、VCO2及びetCO2の値が「標準の」呼吸イベントの間になされた測定値に基づいて決定される。これらの値は、微分フィック方程式においてVCO21及びCaCO21に代用される。VCO2及びetCO2の値は、部分的再呼吸の間に死腔を導入した後に約30秒間取られた測定値からも決定することができ、この値は微分フィック方程式の第2の値(下付文字2の値)を与える。部分的再呼吸が起こる期間及び標準の呼吸が起こる期間は患者の個別の大きさ及び肺容量によって決定され得る。その上、再呼吸と次の通常の呼吸との間の期間を、特定の患者の大きさ及び呼吸容量に依存して患者間で変化させることができる。したがって、呼吸のための30秒間の期間は単に平均時間であり、長くも短くもすることができる。
(図示例の詳細な説明)
図面には、発明を実施するためのベストモードと現時点で考えられるものを示す。
をホース40の追加的長さ部分に入るように振り向け、患者が次の息でその吐き出された空気を再呼吸できるようにし、それによって効果的な換気の変化を起こすことができる。
拍出量の算出に使用される。CO2センサ74は「エアウェイ上の」センサ、わきを流れる試料を試験のために回収するタイプの試料標本抽出センサ、又はどのような他の適切なセンサであってもよい。流量計72及びCO2センサ74は両方とも、流量計72及びCO2センサ74から得られたデータを記憶及び解析し、該データから患者の心拍出量の推定値を計算するようにプログラムされたコンピュータ76に接続される。
る、特に簡単で費用のかからない構造が提供される。
れた気管内チューブ122を備える。カテーテル126は気管内チューブ122を通って患者の肺へちょうど竜骨の上まで延びる。ガス又は酸素/ガス混合気は、ガス供給源128から供給され、ガス管130を通ってカテーテル126内へと向けられる。流量計132は肺に導入すべきガスの最適量を決定するのを援助することができる。
1) etCO2: 呼息期の体積の最後の5%の間の平均CO2濃度を呼吸終期CO2(etCO2)とする。
2) VCO2:流量(ミリリットル)に全呼吸にわたるCO2濃度を掛けた全体がVCO2である。
3) 吸息CO2:これは吸い込まれたCO2の濃度である。CO2の濃度に息を吸い込む間の空気流の体積(すなわち負の流量)を掛けた全体である。
4) 気道死腔:CO2濃度が例えばetCO2の0.5倍に選択された閾値の設定を交差した時の吐き出された体積(ミリリットル)として決定される。
2、気管支154、及び肺胞156を備える。気管152及び気管支154は一般に、解剖学的死腔又は連続的死腔として知られる死腔を備え、該死腔は矢印AとBとの間に示される部位に存在する。肺150の中には、血液で潅流される肺胞156と(すなわち血液に酸素を送り込むために血流と接触している)、潅流されない肺胞とが存在する。潅流される肺胞及び潅流されない肺胞156はどちらも、換気はなされ得る。
VCO2=VCO2+FRC×ΔetCO2/Pbar
で表される。ここで「Pbar」は気圧である。FRCは次の方程式を用いて死腔の体積によって推定されるように、体重の関数として概算される。
(FRC=FRC-factor×airway deadspace+an off-set value)
ここで、FRC係数は、実験的に決定された値又は当該技術分野において公知のデータに基づいた値であり、オフセット値は呼吸マスクの分を補正するために加えられたか、又は死腔に回路を加えることによってFRCと死腔との関係を容認できないほどにゆがめた他の装置の分を補正するために加えられた一定の定数である。気道死腔は、CO2が選択された閾値を超える(例えば0.5etCO2)時の体積である。すべての方程式において、乾燥したガスが想定されている。
CO2PDS(n)=[FRC/(FRC+Vt)]×CO2PDS(n-1)+([ViCO2+deadspace ×etCO2(n-1)]/ Vt) ×[Vt /( Vt +FRC)]
となる。ここで、Vtは一回換気量( 呼吸量) 、PDSは並行死腔( すなわち、換気はされるが血流によって潅流されない肺の空間) 、etCO2は吐き出された息の最後における、すなわち「呼吸終期の」CO2濃度、「死腔」は空気が肺胞へ到達するために通過しなければならない気管及び気管支の体積であって、ガス交換が起こらない体積(「連続的死腔」としても定義される。図10を参照されたい) 、及び、(n−1)は前回の呼吸を示す。
etCO2=r×PACO2+(1−r)PDSCO2
ならば、
PACO2=[etCO2−(1−r)PDSCO2]/r
である。
ここで、rは、潅流された肺胞換気量を全肺胞換気量で割った割合、すなわち(VA−VPDS)/VAより計算される潅流比である。この潅流比rは約0.92と推定される。潅流比は、動脈血を直接解析することによっても推定することができる。
CCO2=(6.957×Hb+94.864)×ln(1+0.1933(PCO2))
ここで、CCO2はCO2濃度、Hbはヘモグロビン濃度である。いくつかの例では、ヘモグロビン数は容易に得られ、上の方程式に使用される。ヘモグロビン(Hb)濃度が利用できない場合、11.0という値がソフトウェアプログラムに使用される。
CO2=[b efore VCO2-during VCO2]/[during CCO2-before CCO2]
ソフトウェアプログラムの演算論理を図11の流れ図に簡単に示す。コンピュータは、呼息の終わりを検出するようプログラムされる(200) 。この呼息の終結点においてコンピュータはCO2センサ及び流量計からデータを収集し、CO2、VCO2、吸息CO2、及び気道死腔値を計算する( 202) 。次にプログラムは先に示した方程式にしたがって、204において、FRCを計算する。また、プログラムは先に述べた方程式にしたがって、206において、VCO2値を補正する。210において、30秒間隔(30秒は単に平均時間であって、患者の大きさに合わせて高く又は低く調節してもよい)で、CO2値及びVCO2値は計算し直され、呼息が終わり得る可変な時間ではなく、一定時間に基づくそれらの平均値が与えられる。
に接続された機械的手段に信号を送って調節可能な死腔の体積を自動的に増減することができる。
Claims (11)
- 患者の気道と接触するエアウェイ管路と、
前記エアウェイ管路と接続される吸息管路と、
前記エアウェイ管路と接続される呼息管路と
を備えた患者の心拍出量を非侵襲的に決定するための装置であって、
前記呼息管路が、
前記患者からの呼気ガスの一定量を選択的に排出する排気線と、
呼気ガスの一定量を前記排気線を通じて放出させるための、前記排気線に接続された選択的に調節可能な弁と
を備えるように構成される装置。 - ガスを放出する排気口と、前記呼気ガスを受け取るため排気口に接続された伸展性を有する容器とを更に備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 患者にガスを供給するための、前記エアウェイ管路と連通する換気源を更に備える請求項1に記載の装置。
- 患者の気道と接触するエアウェイ管路と、
前記エアウェイ管路と連通するガス供給源と、
ガス吸入の目的でガスを患者の肺へと直接搬送するために、前記ガス供給源から前記患者の肺まで延び、且つ前記エアウェイ管路と縦一列に並んで配置されるガス吸入管路と、
ガスを前記エアウェイ管路に供給するために前記エアウェイ管路に接続される換気源と、
前記換気源と前記エアウェイ管路との間に連結される吸息管路と、
前記換気源と前記エアウェイ管路との間に連結される呼息管路と
を備えた患者の心拍出量を非侵襲的に決定するための装置であって、
前記ガス吸入管路とエアウェイ管路とが、間欠的死腔を備えるような大きさに作られ且つ配置され、該間欠的死腔から患者は呼気ガスを再呼吸することができる装置。 - 患者の肺のガス排出量を測定する換気装置を与える工程であって、
前記装置は、患者の気道と接触するエアウェイ管路、前記エアウェイ管路と接続される吸息チューブ、前記エアウェイ管路と接続される呼息チューブ、及び前記エアウェイ管路と接続される死腔を有する工程と、
患者の気道を通って空気が出入りできるよう患者の気道に前記エアウェイ管路を接続する工程と、
患者の通常の呼吸を開始する工程と、
基準となるガス濃度及びガス体積排出量を確立するために選択された換気期間にガス体積及び呼吸終期のガス濃度を測定する工程と、
呼吸終期のガス濃度を算出し、一吸息期間及び一呼息期間にわたるガス濃度を算出する工程と、
呼息中のガス濃度を算出し、解剖学的死腔を算出する工程と、
肺胞の死腔を計上するために一吸息期間及び一呼息期間にわたるガス濃度の値を決定し直す工程と、
並行死腔を調節するためにガス濃度を決定し直す工程と、
患者の再呼吸のために、呼気ガスを患者から前記死腔へ振り向けて換気を変化させる工程と、
再呼吸の間のガス体積の変化及びガス濃度の変化を測定する工程と、
前記通常の呼吸を繰り返して、前記ガス体積および呼吸終期のガス濃度を測定し、呼吸終期のガス濃度、吸息及び呼息中のガス濃度、並びに吸息中のガス濃度の前記値を計算し
直す工程と、
並行死腔を計上するため前記ガス濃度を決定し直す工程と、
前記基準のガス濃度とガス排出量との間の差を、再呼吸後のガス濃度及びガス排出量の検出された変化に関して計算する工程と
を含む心拍出量を非侵襲的に測定する方法。 - 前記換気装置の前記死腔が体積調節可能である請求項5記載の方法において、
前記標準の呼吸を繰り返す前にガス体積当たりの選択されたガス濃度の値から検知される変動に応答して前記換気装置の前記体積調節可能な死腔を調節する工程
を更に含む方法。 - 前記測定されるガスが前記患者の前記肺から排出されるCO2である請求項6記載の方法。
- 前記体積調節可能な死腔を調節する工程が、
呼気ガス体積の前記基準値の20%よりも小さい呼気ガス体積の検知値に応答して、前記死腔の体積を拡張させる工程
を含む請求項7記載の方法。 - 前記体積調節可能な死腔を調節する工程が、
分圧が3mmHgよりも小さい前記肺胞ガス濃度の値の検知された変化に応答して、前記死腔の体積を拡張させる工程
を含む請求項7記載の方法。 - 前記体積調節可能な死腔を調節する工程が、
前記基準の呼気ガス体積の80%よりも大きい検知値に応答して前死腔の体積を減小させる工程
を含む請求項7記載の方法。 - 前記体積調節可能な死腔を調節する工程が、
前記再呼吸された呼気ガスの一部を前記死腔から排出する工程
を含む請求項7記載の方法。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/770,138 US6306098B1 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1996-12-19 | Apparatus and method for non-invasively measuring cardiac output |
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EP (1) | EP0999783B1 (ja) |
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- 1997-12-18 JP JP52805998A patent/JP3521915B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-18 BR BR9714427-4A patent/BR9714427A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-18 EP EP97953582.0A patent/EP0999783B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-03-02 US US09/262,510 patent/US6227196B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
- 2001-01-23 US US09/767,363 patent/US6648831B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-06 US US09/777,629 patent/US6648832B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-09-08 US US10/657,909 patent/US6908438B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-08 US US10/657,577 patent/US7018340B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-19 JP JP2003388689A patent/JP3955011B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-05-02 US US11/120,103 patent/US7686012B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-02-03 US US11/346,913 patent/US20060129054A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20100132710A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
US20040049113A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US8096297B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
US20040059239A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
EP0999783A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
US7686012B2 (en) | 2010-03-30 |
US20010029339A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
US7018340B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
JP3955011B2 (ja) | 2007-08-08 |
US6227196B1 (en) | 2001-05-08 |
US6648832B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 |
US6908438B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
US20060129054A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
EP0999783A4 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
EP0999783B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
US20050203432A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 |
BR9714427A (pt) | 2000-04-25 |
US6306098B1 (en) | 2001-10-23 |
JP2001506158A (ja) | 2001-05-15 |
WO1998026710A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 |
US6648831B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 |
JP3521915B2 (ja) | 2004-04-26 |
US20010031928A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
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