JP2005140023A - Micro gas turbine power generating installation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a micro gas turbine power generating installation for handling a wide range of flow amount of sprayed water in a wide range while simplifying its flow control. <P>SOLUTION: The micro gas turbine power generating installation comprises a saturation moistening water line 30 for supplying a required flow amount of sprayed water to lower the temperature of air discharged form a compressor to a saturated air temperature and a supersaturation moistening water line 31 for spraying water to secure the required amount of air to satisfy a required load during the temperature rise of the atmospheric air. Water amount control is applied only for the amount of sprayed water to be supplied from the saturation moistening water line and the supply of the sprayed water from the supersaturation moistening water line 31 is carried out with ON/OFF control. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a micro gas turbine facility that increases power generation output by water spray.

  As a type of regenerative gas turbine that enhances the power generation output by water spray, for example, there is a technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-254632. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-254632 describes a combined heat and power supply facility that can increase a power generation output by providing a humidifier by hot water injection at a discharge portion of a regenerative gas turbine compressor.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-254632 (FIG. 3)

  When the compressor discharge air is humidified by water spray, it is necessary to make the water droplet diameter of the spray water minute in order to completely evaporate the spray water in a limited space. In the spray nozzle that generates minute water droplets, the supply flow rate is naturally limited by a single nozzle. For this reason, when it is required to cover a wide range of spray water flow rates, it is necessary to provide a plurality of nozzles and control the flow rate of these nozzles. On the other hand, the advantage of the micro gas turbine is that the structure is simple and the number of parts is small, and that the operation control is performed only by controlling the rotation speed and the fuel flow rate. When water spray is accompanied, the flow rate control of the spray water is added to this, and the operation control of the micro turbine, which is characterized by simplicity for the flow rate control, becomes complicated and the advantages are lost.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a micro gas turbine power generation facility capable of handling a wide range of spray water flow rate and simplifying the flow rate control.

  In order to achieve the above object, a compressor that compresses air, a combustor that combusts compressed air and fuel, a turbine that is driven by combustion gas generated in the combustor, and an exhaust gas of the turbine And a regenerative heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the compressed air guided to the combustor and a feed water line for supplying spray water to the compressor discharge air, the feed water flow rate is continuously adjusted A first spray water supply line and a second spray water supply line for adjusting the presence or absence of supply of the prescribed flow rate by opening and closing the shut-off valve are provided.

  According to the present invention, in a micro gas turbine power generation facility using spray water, a wide range of spray water flow rate regions can be handled, and the flow rate control can be simplified.

  Embodiments of a micro gas turbine power generation facility according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a micro gas turbine power generation facility according to an embodiment of the present invention. The illustrated micro gas turbine power generation facility is a gas turbine system including a regeneration cycle including a turbine 1, a compressor 2, a generator 3, a power converter 4, a regeneration heat exchanger 5 and a combustor 6. The generator 3 is a permanent magnet three-phase generator using a permanent magnet for generating a field, and the compressor 2 and the turbine 1 are attached to the drive shaft 15 at the extended end of the same shaft. Further, the generator 3 is connected to the power converter 4 by a power wiring 16. The power converter 4 includes a converter that converts AC power into DC and an inverter that converts the DC power into AC power that matches a commercial frequency.

  At the start of operation of the turbine system, electricity is drawn from the system side (not shown) and supplied to the generator to operate the generator 3 as an electric motor. The compressor 2 and the turbine 1 are rotated by the rotation of the common drive shaft 15. The compressor 2 sucks outside air through the filter 7, increases the pressure, and supplies discharge air to the combustor 6 through the regenerative heat exchanger 5. As the rotational speed of the drive shaft 15 increases, the discharge air pressure increases, and when the specified rotational speed or discharge pressure is reached, the fuel supply valve 9 installed in the fuel pipe 8 serving as a fuel supply line is opened to supply fuel. It is supplied to the combustor 6 and mixed with the discharge air from the compressor and burned. The combustion gas performs expansion work in the turbine 1, passes through the regenerative heat exchanger 5, and is discharged outside the turbine system. When power generation is started by the generator 3 due to an increase in expansion work of the combustion gas in the turbine 1, the power converter 4 converts the power flowing in via the power wiring 16 into the frequency of the system side power and outputs it. .

  In the illustrated micro turbine facility, the exhaust gas from the turbine 1 is guided to the regenerative heat exchanger 5 through the pipe 13. In the regenerative heat exchanger 5, heat is exchanged with the compressed air guided by the discharge pipe 11 from the compressor to raise the temperature of the discharge air from the compressor. The exhaust gas that has heated the compressor discharge air is discharged from the regenerative heat exchanger 5 through the pipe 14.

In the regeneration cycle as shown in the figure, how much heat energy can be recovered from the exhaust by the regeneration heat exchanger 5 leads to an improvement in cycle efficiency and an increase in power generation output. Therefore, in this embodiment, for the purpose of increasing the heat exchange amount in the regenerative heat exchanger 5, a saturated humidified water line 30 is installed in the compressor discharge pipe 11 as a first spray water supply line for spraying water on the discharge air. doing. The saturated humidified water line 30 includes a spray water nozzle 17 that sprays water on the air supplied to the regenerative heat exchanger 5, a spray water flow rate control valve 18 that controls the feed water flow rate, a shutoff valve 23 that shuts off the feed water, and a spray. A water conduit 19 for supplying water sprayed by the water nozzle 17 is used. The effect of water spray is to reduce the inlet temperature of the low-temperature side air piping of the regenerative heat exchanger by humidification with water spray, and to increase the heat exchange amount in the regenerative heat exchanger to increase the amount of exhaust heat recovery. The water spray itself has the effect of increasing the flow rate to the combustor.

  The amount of spray water is an amount necessary for lowering the air temperature to the saturation temperature in the inlet pressure state on the low temperature air side (compressor discharge air) of the regenerative heat exchanger. Since the discharge air temperature of the compressor varies depending on the intake side, that is, the atmospheric temperature condition, the amount of water sprayed from the spray water nozzle 17 is controlled by the spray water flow rate control valve 18. It should be noted that if the air flow rate required to generate the rated output at the turbine design point (ISO conditions, 15 ° C., 101.3 kPa, 30% relative humidity) is insufficient due to an increase in atmospheric temperature, for example, Insufficient air flow can be compensated by the effect of increasing the flow rate by spraying water. Thus, the amount of water supplied to the compressor discharge air needs a wide range of flow rates depending on the outside air temperature and the required load. Further, since the sprayed water flows into the regenerative heat exchanger 5 thereafter, in order to avoid damage due to thermal shock caused by water droplets adhering to the high temperature wall of the regenerative heat exchanger, the water up to the inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger It is desirable that it is completely evaporated at a distance of.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as the second spray water supply line for spraying water on the compressor discharge air, the supersaturated humidified water line 31 constituted by the water conduit 22, the shutoff valve 21, and the spray water nozzle 20 is used as the compressor discharge pipe. 11 is installed. That is, in this embodiment, the water spraying is performed by the two lines of the saturated humidified water line 30 and the supersaturated humidified water line 31. The shutoff valve 23 installed on the upstream side of the water conduit 19 is ON / OFF operated to control the water supply itself to this line.

  In the control of the spray water, when the rated output of the design can be generated by the amount of air discharged from the compressor in a state where the atmospheric temperature is not so high, the saturation temperature in the air pressure state at the inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger 5 in the pipe 11 As much water as necessary to lower the temperature is supplied from the spray water nozzle 17. The amount of spray water is all controlled by the flow control valve 18. The amount of water required to lower the temperature to the saturation temperature is calculated from data from a thermometer 26 and a pressure gauge 27 installed at the inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger.

When the atmospheric temperature rises and the air flow for the rated output power generation becomes insufficient, the amount of spray water is increased by the spray water from the spray water nozzle 20. Here, since the spray water flow rate of the supersaturated humidification water line 31 in which the spray water nozzle 20 is installed is controlled only by the opening / closing operation of the shut-off valve 21, is the specified flow rate 100% supplied or is 0%? There are only two supply methods. The turbine system includes continuous control of water in a saturated humidified water line 30 composed of a spray water nozzle 17 and ON / OFF of a supersaturated humidified water line 31 composed of a spray water nozzle 20.
This is the total amount of water supplied by the OFF control.

  FIG. 2 (a) shows the relationship between the humidified water flow rate required to lower the regeneration heat exchanger inlet state to the saturation temperature and the outside air temperature, and FIG. 2 (b) shows the regeneration heat exchanger inlet. 2 shows the power generation output of the turbine system when the humidified water shown in FIG. 2 (a) is supplied. When the outside air temperature exceeds 30 ° C., for example, the amount of air necessary for generating the rated output of the turbine is insufficient, so that the output is reduced even when humidification is performed up to the saturation state.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing the spray water supply method of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows the relationship of the amount of spray water with respect to the outside air temperature as in FIG. In FIG. 2A, spraying by only the saturated humidified water line 30 until the outside temperature (point A in the figure) where the turbine power generation amount can ensure the rated power generation due to the temperature drop to the saturation temperature at the regeneration heat exchanger inlet. Supply water. At this time, the amount of spray water is controlled by a flow control valve installed in the saturated humidified water line 30 in accordance with the outside air temperature. In the region where the outside air temperature is higher than the point A in the figure, the supply of spray water from the saturated humidified water line 30 is stopped, and instead, the shutoff valve of the supersaturated humidified water line 31 is opened and the spray water is supplied from this line. As shown in FIG. 3A, the water conduit, the shutoff valve, and the nozzle are set so that the amount of spray water in the supersaturated humidified water line 31 is larger than the amount of sprayed water supplied in the saturated humidified water line 30. . In the state where the outside air temperature is higher than the point A in the figure, the spray water is supplied until the power generation output reaches the required load. Point B in FIG. 3 (a) is a point where power generation commensurate with the required load can no longer be achieved simply by supplying supersaturated humidified water. The supply of sprayed water from saturated humidified water line 30 is also started, and the required amount of sprayed water Secure. In the region above the point B in the figure, the spray water flow rate is supplied until the amount of power generation that satisfies the required load is reached, and the flow rate is controlled by a flow rate control valve installed in the saturated humidified water line 30.

In the spray water supply method shown in FIG. 3A, the flow rate is controlled only by a flow rate control valve installed in the saturated humidified water line 30, and only the ON / OFF command is controlled for the other lines.

  The spray water supply system configuration shown in FIG. 1 and the spray water supply method shown in FIG. 3 can supply a spray water flow rate that satisfies the required load up to a wide range of outside air temperature. There is an effect that the control of the spray water flow rate can be simplified only by the flow rate control valve installed in the saturated humidified water line 30.

  In addition, when the supply of spray water is insufficient from two lines, it is possible to increase the number of supersaturated humidified water lines 31 including shutoff valves, water conduits, and spray nozzles. The shut-off valve of the supersaturated humidified water line 31 is sequentially opened until water is secured, and water is supplied. Finally, the opening degree of the flow control valve of the saturated humidified water line is adjusted again. In this case as well, there is an effect that a wide range of flow rates can be controlled by a simple operation as in the case shown in FIGS.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The description of the same configuration as in FIG. 1 is omitted. In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the discharge air pipe 11 from the compressor 2 is branched into two pipes 24 and 25, the spray water supply from the saturated humidified water line 30, and the spray from the supersaturated humidified water line 31. Water supply is carried out by separate piping. A saturated humidified water line 30 composed of the water conduit 19, the flow control valve 18 and the spray water nozzle 17 is attached to the pipe 24, and a supersaturated humidified water line 31 composed of the water conduit 22, the shut-off valve 21 and the spray water nozzle 20 is connected to the pipe 25. Is attached. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, since the spray water from the saturated humidified water line 30 and the spray water from the supersaturated humidified water line 31 are installed in separate pipes, interference of water droplets sprayed from the respective nozzles can be avoided. . Thereby, the enlargement of the water droplet diameter due to the coalescence of water droplets can be prevented, and there is an effect that the evaporation of spray water is accelerated. Further, since it is possible to prevent water droplets from flowing into the regenerative heat exchanger 5, it is possible to prevent thermal shock caused by adhesion of the inflowing water droplets to the wall surface of the regenerative heat exchanger, and it is possible to extend the life of the regenerative heat exchanger.

  As described above, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the saturated humidified water line that supplies the spray water flow rate necessary for lowering the compressor discharge air temperature to the saturated air temperature, and the required load when the atmospheric temperature rises. The supersaturated humidified water line that sprays water to secure the amount of air required to divide the water is controlled only by the amount of sprayed water supplied from the saturated humidified water line. Spray water is supplied by OFF control. The spray water supply line divided into two systems can improve the power generation efficiency, supply a wide range of spray water required to satisfy the required load even when the temperature rises, and simplify the flow control. . This makes it possible to simplify the control of the spray water supply line and the flow rate of the spray water in a micro turbine system that uses spray water, and to generate a power output that is equivalent to the air temperature at the design plan point even under atmospheric conditions with a high atmospheric temperature. can get.

The figure which shows one Example of this invention. The figure which shows the relationship between the amount of saturation humidification water, external temperature, and the turbine electric power generation amount at that time. The figure which shows the relationship between the supply method of spray water by this invention, external temperature, and the relationship of the turbine electric power generation amount at that time. The figure which shows the other Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Turbine, 2 ... Compressor, 3 ... Generator, 4 ... Bidirectional power converter, 5 ... Regenerative heat exchanger, 6 ... Combustor, 7 ... Intake filter, 8 ... Fuel piping, 9 ... Fuel supply valve, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Drive shaft, 16 ... Power wiring, 17, 20 ... Spray water nozzle, 18 ... Spray water flow control valve, 19, 22 ... Water guide pipe,
21 ... 23 shutoff valve, 26 ... thermometer, 27 ... pressure gauge, 30 ... saturated humidified water line, 31 ... supersaturated humidified water line.

Claims (7)

Compressor for compressing air, combustor for burning compressed air and fuel, turbine driven by combustion gas generated in the combustor, exhaust gas of the turbine, and compression guided to the combustor In a micro gas turbine facility having a regenerative heat exchanger for exchanging heat with air,
As a water supply line for supplying spray water to the compressor discharge air, a first spray water supply line that continuously adjusts the supply water flow rate by a flow rate adjustment valve, and a second that adjusts whether or not a specified flow rate is supplied by a shut-off valve A micro gas turbine power generation facility provided with a spray water supply line.   2. The micro gas turbine power generation according to claim 1, wherein the first spray water supply line supplies the spray water so that the state of the regenerative heat exchanger inlet of the compressor discharge air is lowered to a saturation temperature. Facility.   3. The micro gas turbine power generation facility according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the spray water is controlled from the inlet pressure and temperature of the regenerative heat exchanger.   When the shut-off valve is closed, the supply amount of spray water is controlled by a control valve so that the state of the compressor discharge air at the inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is lowered to the saturation temperature, and when the shut-off valve is open The flow rate is controlled so that spray water is supplied until the generator output reaches the required output, and the shut-off valve opening / closing operation is controlled to be opened when the outside air temperature rises to a specified temperature. The micro gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The micro gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a spray water supply facility for supplying spray water to the compressor discharge air is installed in a compressor discharge air pipe.   A pipe for supplying compressor discharge air from the compressor to the regenerative heat exchanger is branched, one line has a line for adjusting the spray water flow rate by a flow rate control valve, and the other pipe has a specified flow rate by a shutoff valve. The micro gas turbine power generation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a line for adjusting the presence or absence of supply is installed. Compressor for compressing air, combustor for burning compressed air and fuel, turbine driven by combustion gas generated in the combustor, exhaust gas of the turbine, and compression guided to the combustor In a control method of a micro gas turbine facility having a regenerative heat exchanger for exchanging heat with air,
As a water supply line for supplying spray water to the compressor discharge air, a first spray water supply line that continuously adjusts the supply water flow rate by a flow rate adjustment valve, and a second that adjusts whether or not a specified flow rate is supplied by a shut-off valve Equipped with a spray water supply line
When the shut-off valve is closed, the supply amount of spray water is controlled by a control valve so that the state of the compressor discharge air at the inlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is lowered to the saturation temperature, and when the shut-off valve is open The flow rate is controlled so that spray water is supplied until the generator output reaches the required output, and the shut-off valve opening / closing operation is controlled to open when the outside air temperature rises to the specified temperature. A control method for a micro gas turbine power generation facility.

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