JP2005138224A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the installation area and the weight of a machine tool machining a large-sized workpiece. <P>SOLUTION: A workpiece is machined by relatively moving the workpiece and a tool to the orthogonal three axis directions in the machine tool. The machine tool is provided with: a main spindle head 23 for supporting the main spindle 25, to which the tool 27 is mounted, freely rotatably around the horizontal shaft line O; and a table 33, which has a mounting face 33a of the workpiece or a pallet forming a vertical plane and is arranged movably in the horizontal direction vertical to the rotating shaft line O of the main spindle at the front part of the main spindle head 23. A guide rail 29b far from the main spindle 25 is arranged to the higher position than a guide rail 29a near from the main spindle 25 in a pair of the guide rails of the table 33. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool having a horizontal main shaft and a table on which a work or a pallet can be mounted vertically facing a front end surface of the horizontal main shaft.

  A machine tool having a horizontal spindle that rotates about a horizontal axis is generally mounted on a table having a mounting surface that is a horizontal plane, and an workpiece having a workpiece mounting surface that is a vertical plane is mounted and the workpiece is fixed to the scale. There are many cases. In this case, the pair of guide rails of the table provided on the bed are arranged in parallel at the same height position to guide the movement of the table.

  On the other hand, a so-called slant bed in which a part of the bed is inclined and a column or a table is arranged on the inclined portion is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a bed having a mounting portion inclined with respect to a horizontal upper surface of the bed for mounting a column movement guide mechanism on a part of the bed, and at least a parallel mounting to the movement guide mechanism mounting surface. A machine tool bed and column structure having two column movement guide members and a column mounted on the column movement guide member and having a column having substantially the same inclination as the inclined attachment portion on the bottom surface is disclosed. . The invention of this Patent Document 1 aims to arrange a feed shaft mechanism at an upper part of a column to stabilize its operation and increase the feed speed.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a structure in which a table guide mechanism and a table feed mechanism are arranged in an inclined surface inclined in one direction with respect to a floor surface. The invention of Patent Document 2 aims to drop chips and coolant to one side of a bed so that they can be collected smoothly with a simple device.

JP-A-10-277857 JP-A-6-91457

  In the case of a large machine tool having a horizontal spindle, the workpiece becomes larger and the scale for fixing the workpiece also becomes larger. This increases the table load weight and increases the distance between the pair of guide rails of the table or increases the distance between the pair of guide rails in order to withstand the load in the Z-axis direction when machining a part away from the table guide rail. Stiffness must be increased. Then, the entire machine tool becomes large, the weight increases, and it becomes difficult to move the table at high speed and high acceleration.

  The present invention has a technical problem to solve such a problem of the prior art, to reduce the installation area and weight of a machine tool capable of processing a large workpiece, to increase the rigidity on the support side of the workpiece, It is intended to be able to move at high speed and high acceleration.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, in a machine tool that processes a workpiece by the tool by relatively moving the tool and the workpiece in three orthogonal directions of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis, a spindle on which the tool is mounted is provided. A spindle head that is supported rotatably around a horizontal axis, a Z-axis feed means that guides and moves the spindle head in the axial direction of the spindle, and a guide that moves the spindle head in a vertical direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle. A Y-axis feeding means to be moved, a table provided so as to be movable in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft, facing a front end surface of the main shaft, and mounting a workpiece or pallet on a vertical surface perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft; A pair of guide rails spaced apart from each other for guiding the movement of the table are provided in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft, and the guide rails located far from the main shaft are close to the main shaft. Disposed above the guide rails to location positioned guiding the table, the machine tool comprising a X-axis feed means for moving is provided.

  By providing the work or pallet mounting surface vertically so as to face the front end surface of the main shaft, no scale is required and the weight of the work support rate is reduced. Further, the table weight can be reduced by disposing the guide rail farther from the main shaft of the pair of guide rails of the table at a higher position than the closer guide rail. Furthermore, the moment load due to the machining resistance in the Z-axis direction that acts on the part away from the guide rail is smaller than that of a conventional machine tool that employs a pair of guide rails of the same height. Then, the space | interval of a pair of guide rail can be shortened, and the installation area and weight of a machine tool reduce.

According to the present invention, since a work or a pallet can be vertically attached to a table, a large work can be processed while reducing the installation area of a machine tool.
Furthermore, in the pair of guide rails for the table, the guide rails arranged far from the main shaft are arranged at a higher position than the guide rails arranged close to the main shaft, so that the tool can be used during machining. The resistance of the table to the force in the Z-axis direction received from is increased, the table can be stabilized during machining, and machining accuracy is improved. Moreover, even if the distance between the pair of guide rails is reduced, the desired rigidity can be obtained, the installation area and weight of the machine tool can be reduced, and the table can be easily moved at high speed and high acceleration.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 is a schematic side view of a machine tool, and FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow II in FIG.
In FIG. 1, a machine tool 11 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided on first and second beds 13a and 13b constituting a base, a column 19 provided on the first bed 13a, and a column 19. A spindle head 23 and a table 33 provided on the second bed 13b are provided as main components. On the upper surface of the first bed 13a, a Z-axis guide rail 15 extends in parallel to the rotation axis O of the main shaft 25, and the column 19 is provided so as to be able to reciprocate on the Z-axis guide rail 15 by a guide 17. ing. In addition, a screw shaft (not shown) extends in parallel with the rotation axis O in the first bed 13a, and the column 19 is provided at the lower end thereof and engages with the screw shaft (see FIG. Not shown). One end (right end in FIG. 1) of the screw shaft is connected to an output shaft (not shown) of the servo motor 42, and the Z-axis guide rail 15, the guide 17, the screw shaft, the nut, and the servo motor 42 are machine tools. A Z-axis feed means of the machine 11 is configured.

  The main shaft 25 is supported by the main shaft head 23 so as to be rotatable about a horizontal rotation axis O and project from the front surface of the column 19 in the Z-axis direction. A tool 27 is well known at the tip of the main shaft 25. It is mounted via a tool mounting mechanism. The spindle head 23 is attached by a head stock 21 via a guide (not shown) that engages with a guide rail (not shown) on the front surface of the column 19 so as to be reciprocally movable in the vertical Y-axis direction. A screw shaft (not shown) extends in the column 19 in the vertical direction, and the headstock 21 has a nut (not shown) that engages with the screw shaft. One end (right end in FIG. 1) of the screw shaft is connected to an output shaft (not shown) of the servo motor 41, a guide rail on the front surface of the column 19, a guide engaged with the guide rail, the screw shaft, The nut and servo motor 41 constitute the Y-axis feed means of the machine tool 11.

  In the present embodiment, the second bed 13b is a separate member from the first bed 13a, and is disposed in front of the first bed 13a, that is, at the front end side of the main shaft 25. On the upper surface of the second bed 13b, a pair of X-axis guide rails 29a and 29b extend in the X-axis direction perpendicular to the Y-axis and the Z-axis, and the table 33 is guided by the guides 31a and 31b in the X-axis direction. The rails 29a and 29b are provided so as to reciprocate. A screw shaft 45 extends in the X-axis direction between the second bed 13b and the table 33. The table 33 is provided at a lower end of the table 33 and is a nut (not shown) that engages with the screw shaft 45. Z). One end of the screw shaft 45 is connected to an output shaft (not shown) of the servo motor 47. The X-axis guide rails 29a and 29b, the guides 31a and 31b, the screw shaft 45, the nut and the servo motor 47 are connected to the machine tool 11. X-axis feed means is configured. Here, the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis guide rails and guides include a sliding surface guide system.

  The upper surface of the second bed 13b has horizontal first and second support surfaces 43a and 43b, and the first support surface 43a is closer to the main shaft 25 than the second support surface 43b. It is arrange | positioned and is arrange | positioned in the lower position rather than the 2nd support surface 43b. Therefore, of the pair of X-axis guide rails 29 a and 29 b, the X-axis guide rail 29 b far from the main shaft 25 is disposed at a higher position than the X-axis guide rail 29 a near the main shaft 25.

  The table 33 has a workpiece or pallet mounting surface 33a formed by a vertical plane facing the tip of the main shaft 25 and is formed of a member having a substantially triangular cross section, and an X-axis guide rail 29a at the lower end thereof. , 29b, guides 31a and 31b that slide or slide along are attached. In the present embodiment, a pallet locking portion 35a for positioning the pallet 37 on which the workpiece W is mounted and a pallet chuck 39a for fixing the pallet 37 to the mounting surface 33a are mounted on the mounting surface 33a. The table 33 has a substantially triangular cross section, so that the movable weight can be considerably reduced.

  The pallet 37 is formed of a flat plate member that fixes the workpiece W to a predetermined position on one side surface thereof by a known workpiece fixing means, and an engaging portion 35b that engages with a pallet locking portion 35a made of a pallet cone or the like on the opposite side surface. And a protrusion 39b gripped by the pallet chuck 39a. That is, the pallet locking part 35a and the engaging part 35b form a pallet positioning means, and the pallet chuck 39a and the projection 39b form a pallet fixing means. The workpiece W may be directly fixed to the mounting surface 33a without using the pallet 37.

In addition, a tip guard 36 for protecting the X-axis guide rail 29a from chips generated during processing of the workpiece W is disposed in the front portion of the second bed 13b. The chip guard 36 can be formed from a plate member, and is disposed between the table 33 and the column 19 so as to be close to the table 33. Preferably, the upper portion of the tip guard 36 has a bent portion 36a inclined to the X-axis guide rail 29a side, and the bent portion 36a is disposed between the X-axis guide rail 29a and the pallet 37, The accumulation of chips on the shaft guide rail 29a is effectively prevented.
A chip receiver 40 is provided between the beds 13a and 13b below the chip guard 36, and is configured to carry the collected chips out of the machine by a conveyor (not shown).

  On the other hand, winding covers 41 (indicated by alternate long and short dash lines) are provided on both sides in the X-axis direction of the table 33 above the chip guard 36, and extend and contract as the table 33 moves to allow chips to enter the X-axis feeding means. Is prevented. This take-up cover is provided vertically, and it is difficult for the scattered chips to adhere to it, and cooperates with the chip guard 36 disposed below it to ensure that the chips fall to the chip receiver 40. Although well-known chip protection is provided so that chips do not enter the Y-axis feed means and the Z-axis feed means, illustration and description thereof are omitted here.

Hereinafter, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece W fixed to the pallet 37 is fixed to the mounting surface 33 a of the table 33 by a pallet exchanging device (not shown). Next, by rotating the spindle 25, the tool 27 attached to the tip of the spindle 25 is rotated, and the tool 27 is moved relative to the workpiece W by the above-described X, Y, Z axis feeding means. The workpiece W is processed into a desired shape. Meanwhile, the tool 27 can be appropriately replaced with a tool required by the machining process by an automatic tool changer (not shown). During processing of the workpiece W, the chip guard 36 and the take-up cover 41 prevent chips generated by the processing from accumulating on the X-axis guide rails 29a and 29b. Since the X-axis guide rail 29b disposed far from the main shaft 25 is disposed at a higher position than the X-axis guide rail 29a disposed close to the main shaft 25, the tool 27 is processed during machining. The resistance force of the table 33 against the force in the Z-axis direction received from the surface increases, and the table 33 can be stabilized during processing without increasing the distance between the guide rails 29a and 29b. That is, a predetermined rigidity can be ensured without increasing the size of the table 33 and the bed 13b, contributing to space saving and weight reduction, and eventually an increase in the X-axis feed rate and acceleration can be achieved.

1 is a schematic side view of a machine tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is II arrow directional view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

11 Machine tool 13a First bed 13b Second bed 19 Column 23 Spindle head 25 Spindle 27 Tool 33 Table 33a Mounting surface 35a Pallet locking part 35b Engaging part 36 Chip guard 37 Pallet 39a Pallet chuck 39b Projection part W Workpiece

Claims (1)

In a machine tool that relatively moves a tool and a workpiece in three orthogonal directions of the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis, and processes the workpiece with the tool,
A spindle head that rotatably supports a spindle on which the tool is mounted around a horizontal axis;
Z-axis feed means for guiding and moving the spindle head in the axial direction of the spindle;
Y-axis feed means for guiding and moving the spindle head in a vertical direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle;
A table provided so as to be movable in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft, and facing a front end surface of the main shaft and mounting a workpiece or pallet on a vertical surface perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft;
A pair of guide rails spaced apart from each other for guiding the movement of the table are provided in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft, and the guide rails located far from the main shaft are close to the main shaft. An X-axis feed means that is arranged at a position higher than the guide rail that is positioned and guides and moves the table;
A machine tool characterized by comprising:

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