JP2005130841A - Material for raising soil temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excellent material for raising soil temperature which can simply and easily raise a cultivation soil temperature by solely inserting into the soil. <P>SOLUTION: The material for raising the soil temperature is a structural matter comprising a light intake at one end and a tip having a shape which can be inserted into the soil at the other end. The structural matter comprises a transparent material having ≥50% total light transmittance measured by JIS-7361-1 and has 0.2-2m length and a groove and/or a through hole for releasing the light on the surface of a wall. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an excellent soil temperature increasing material capable of easily and easily increasing the soil temperature of cultivated soil.

  Conventionally, in plant cultivation, the moisture of the soil in the cultivation area has been adjusted by rainfall, moisturizing with straws, direct water spraying and fertilization, but these are all given rather than adjustment It was something that was done in the direction. In addition, the soil temperature, that is, the temperature adjustment of the soil, has been performed by a greenhouse or mulching, but for example, the straw and the greenhouse are only for the purpose of forcing cultivation, while the mulching Was just an allowance to keep the soil dry and retain moisture.

That is, conventionally, there is a forcing cultivation means in greenhouses or house cultivation, but there is no means for raising the soil temperature of the cultivated soil.
In other words, by adjusting the soil temperature of the cultivated soil itself, the moisture content of the cultivated soil is adjusted. There was no method at all.
In view of the background of such prior art, the present invention is to provide an excellent soil temperature raising material that can easily raise the soil temperature of cultivated soil simply by being inserted into the soil.
According to the soil temperature increasing material of the present invention, by increasing the soil temperature of the cultivated soil easily, by increasing the soil temperature of the soil, the rhizome becomes active, and when the soil is dried, the rhizome is sought for moisture. As a result, the vigor of the tree becomes vigorous, thus promoting the transpiration of moisture in the soil and making it a dry soil. As a result, the enhancement of the sugar content of the fruits, leaf stems and storage roots of the harvested plant Can be achieved.
According to the present invention, not only the sugar content but also the nutrients of the plant nuts, leaf stems and storage roots can be enhanced and promoted by vigorous growth of the tree.

  The present invention employs the following means in order to solve such problems. That is, the ground temperature increasing material of the present invention is a structure composed of a light intake port portion at one end and a tip portion having a shape that can be pierced into the soil, and the structure is JIS K-7361. -1 is made of a transparent material having a total light transmittance of 50% or more, and the length of the structure is 0.2 to 2 m, and the structure It has a light emitting groove and / or a through hole on the wall surface.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a plant in which cultivated soil can be reliably, quickly and efficiently adjusted for moisture and temperature, and has a high sugar content of fruit and an increased amount of leaf root nutrients. can do.

The present invention intensively examines such a problem, that is, an excellent soil temperature raising material that can easily raise the soil temperature of cultivated soil, and inserts a specific structure (post-like material) made of transparent resin into the soil. As a result, it has been surprisingly found that such problems can be solved all at once.
That is, in tomato cultivation, when such a transparent resin support was inserted around the tomato cultivation soil about one week before the harvesting season, the moisture of the soil was transpiration and dried, which is for the tomato. As a result, the harvested tomatoes were much sweeter than the normal cultivated tomatoes. It has been found that the enhancement promotion can be performed easily and easily.
Subsequent tests show that the decrease in the amount of water in the cultivated soil has an extremely large effect not only on the sugar of plant nuts, leaf stems, and stored roots, but also on the nutrients they contain. Has also been clarified to promote enhancement.
In short, the soil temperature increasing material of the present invention is employed in a specific plant called a plant in the harvest season and is subjected to a simple operation of being inserted into the cultivated soil, thereby greatly reducing the water content in the cultivated soil. In addition, by doing so, it not only greatly enhances the sugar content of the fruits of the plants in the harvest season, but also enhances the nutrients of the stems and storage roots of the plants in the harvest season as well. It can be planned. In addition, if the earth temperature raising material of this invention is used, the earth temperature of the soil in cultivation means, such as house cultivation and a greenhouse in winter, can be raised easily. That is, in that case, it is preferable to grow the ground temperature raising material with a transparent lid or stopper if necessary to suppress moisture evaporation.
The point of the present invention is that a specific structure made of a transparent resin is used. By using such a transparent structure, for example, a solid structure or a container-like structure, that is, a solid support or a cylindrical support, sunlight passes through the support and is carried to the end. However, of course, this transmitted light is carried to solar heat at the same time, and this heat increases the temperature of the cultivated soil and increases the temperature of moisture present in the soil, thereby activating the transpiration action and increasing the moisture content of the soil. It is possible to effectively adjust the temperature of the soil and the soil. When the columnar structure is a container-like structure, it evaporates into the atmosphere through a through-hole provided in the wall, or in some cases, the container-like structure has a stopper or In the case where it is blocked from the outside air with a lid, the transpiration moisture can be re-supplied into the cultivated soil through the through hole near the opening and can be moistened. By combining such means, the temperature of the cultivated soil and the moisture content of the cultivated soil can be freely adjusted.
Here, the cultivated soil means soil in a range where plant rhizomes exist, and ordinary vegetables and the like mean soil having a depth of about 0.5 m from the ground surface. However, in fruit trees and the like, it means a depth of about 1 to 2 m. Therefore, it is essential that the length of the ground temperature increasing material of the present invention is 0.2 to 2 m.
In any case, according to the transparent structure of the present invention, it is possible to achieve an unexpected effect that the temperature and water content of the cultivated soil of the plant can be freely and easily adjusted.
The transparent structure used in the present invention is a transparent material having a total light transmittance of 50% or more, preferably 70% or more at a thickness of 2 mm measured based on JIS K-7361-1. It is essential that it is configured. Since a material with higher transparency is more likely to transmit sunlight and solar heat, it is preferably employed in the structure of the present invention.
The present invention is a structure composed of a light intake port at one end and a tip having a shape that can be pierced into the soil at the other end. The material constituting the structure has the above-described transparency. It is essential from the viewpoint of utilizing sunlight and solar heat.
The structure of the present invention may be a solid structure, a hollow structure, that is, a container-like structure, or any structure as long as the above-described transparency is satisfied. There is an effect.
That is, in such a structure, it is important where the sunlight transmitted through the structure is leaked, and as a result, where the water vapor that evaporates is discharged is important. It is the light emitting groove and / or the through hole that exerts its function. If the light emitting groove is engraved somewhere on the wall surface of the structure, sunlight is appropriately emitted therefrom, and the amount of emitted light can be controlled by the depth thereof. The amount of emitted light has the same function in the case of a through hole, and can be controlled by the hole diameter and the number of holes. In the former case, the solid structure is particularly preferable, and in the latter case, the hollow structure is preferably used.
Such light emitting grooves and / or through holes are provided only in a deep portion near the tip of the structure, or near the tip and a shallow portion near the opening of the structure including cultivated soil. These setting places are changed at any time according to the way of using the earth temperature increasing material. Of course, it may be provided on the entire wall surface of the structure. For example, in the case of the former, it is preferable that it is provided at a distance of at least 0.3 m from the front end to the opening or the light intake. In this case, it is preferable to provide the two specific regions near the tip and the opening of the structure from the viewpoint of reusing water vapor. In that case (reuse), it is preferable to provide a lid and a stopper. Moreover, even if earth and sand flows into the container-like structure from the pore diameter and clogs, the light heat passes through the structure, so that the moisture penetrates the soil without any problem.
As the ground temperature increasing material of the present invention, for example, as a solid structure, a strut (stake) made of a simple transparent resin can be used. In the case of this support, the function of increasing the ground temperature is the main function rather than the transpiration of moisture. That is, since the earth temperature increasing material having this structure has only a function of drawing sunlight into the soil, the effect of increasing the earth temperature in the soil is much greater than that of the container-like structure. Therefore, this earth temperature raising material is conveniently used for raising the earth temperature in the soil indoors such as an agricultural house or adjusting the temperature.
On the other hand, in a hollow structure, that is, a container-like structure, sunlight is an amount of light that only passes through the walls constituting the structure. Although there are few, the presence of the through-hole provided in the hollow cylinder has an advantage that the water vapor to be evaporated can be treated particularly smoothly and can be used in various directions. That is, the water vapor can be discharged out of the system from the opening to promote the drying of the soil, or the opening can be covered with a cap or a plug and reduced to the upper cultivated soil for reuse.
Since each structure has advantages and disadvantages, a double structure can be obtained by combining the two, for example, by providing a light transmission member such as the columnar structure in the center of the container-shaped structure, that is, a solid structure. It is a soil temperature increasing material. According to the earth temperature increasing material of this structure, in addition to the function of drawing sunlight into the soil, there is a great advantage that the treatment of transpiration of water vapor can be used in various directions.
A natural resin or a synthetic resin is used as the transparent material constituting the earth temperature increasing material. Among these resins, biodegradable resins are preferable from the viewpoint of the global environment.
It is preferable that the tip of the earth temperature increasing material is configured in a shape that can be pierced into the soil. As a shape that can be pierced into the soil, a spiral groove (threaded) may be provided on the surface of the support, or the support itself may be twisted into a spiral shape.
The upper surface of the soil temperature increasing material is an opening (light inlet), and the moisture in the soil that has transpired from this can be released to the outside air. Moisture in the soil evaporates and moves from the through hole into the cylinder, goes up to the opening, and is discharged out of the cylinder unless a lid or plug is installed in the opening.
In this case, as for the temperature of the soil, the transparent vinyl chloride tubular body passes through a wall with a wall thickness of 3.5 mm (both 7 mm) and goes to the tip of the cylinder. Part of the sunlight leaks from the hole and the vicinity is heated by solar heat. Of course, the sunlight that reaches the tip of the cylinder leaks from the tip and raises the temperature of the soil near the tip. Such an increase in soil temperature also affects the transpiration rate of water, and as the temperature increases, the transpiration rate increases and the moisture content in the soil also decreases rapidly. The heat that has entered the soil is absorbed and nucleic acid by the soil, but also has the effect of blocking with the moisturizing effect.
The ground temperature raising material of the present invention is a material that transmits sunlight (solar heat) into the soil through the walls while the sun is clear and the sun is coming out. However, in order to facilitate the transmission of sunlight (solar heat), for example, in the case of the cylindrical body, it is preferable that the wall surface at the end of the opening is in a mirror state. In other words, if this wall surface is an uneven surface such as ground glass, the light is irregularly reflected, causing a result that the amount of transmitted light is drastically reduced. Of course, even when the opening is covered, it is not an exception, and it is better in terms of light transmittance that the surface through which light is transmitted should have a mirror-finished surface. In addition, when plugging instead of a lid, the plug does not cover the wall surface of the end of the opening, so there is no need for such a device. As described above, sunlight (solar heat) incident from the wall surface at the end of the opening leaks at a location that satisfies the light leakage condition such as a through hole, a groove, a scratch, and a bent portion. Thus, such a light leakage condition can be set to supply a necessary amount of sunlight (solar heat) to a necessary portion.
The through-hole provided in the ground temperature increasing material of the present invention may be any one as long as it has air permeability, and the size thereof is not limited, but from the viewpoint of workability, the diameter is preferably 0.05 to 3 mm, more preferably diameter 1 It has been found that ˜2 mm is good. In view of the surface area of the wall surface of the container-like structure, such through holes are preferably present at least 1 / cm ² , more preferably 2-4 / cm ² from the viewpoint of air permeability. The larger the pore size, the better from the viewpoint of water permeability.
When the through-hole is penetrated in the thickness direction of the wall, the one having a small diameter toward the outside is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing the entry of soil fine particles, and more preferably opposite to the piercing direction. It is sufficient that the soil and its fine particles are not taken in when piercing.
Such a container-like structure is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having transparency and rigidity, but a resin, particularly a thermoplastic resin is preferably used. For example, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polyester resins, polyamide resins, and polyvinyl chloride resins can be used. However, in terms of environmental hygiene, dehalogenated resins such as polyolefin resins and polyester resins are used. Is preferably used. Of course, natural biodegradable materials and biodegradable synthetic resins such as polylactic acid are also preferably used as dehalogenating resins. If it is composed of such a biodegradable material, it can be preferably used because it can be fermented by the action of microorganisms to become fertilizer even if it is left as it is.
Such a container-like structure may have any shape or structure of a cylindrical body, a groove-like body, or a frame-like body, but a cylindrical body is preferably used because of its ease of use. In addition, also in the case of the said solid structure, ie, a support | pillar shape (pile), the thing of the shape and structure similar to this container-like structure is employable.
In addition, the shape of the opening of the container-like structure is not particularly limited, but preferably has at least one shape selected from a polygonal shape such as a triangular shape and a rectangular shape and a circular shape. Good. Moreover, the number of such cylindrical bodies is not limited to one, and the length can be adjusted by connecting a plurality of cylindrical bodies. Furthermore, a cone, a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid, etc. may be used.
According to the soil temperature increasing material of the present invention, when a lid or a plug is attached to the opening, it is possible to prevent the entry of rain, or to move the moisture that has transpired from the lower soil to the upper cultivated soil. it can. If such a lid or stopper is removed, the evaporated water is directly discharged to the outside air, so that the moisture in the soil is reduced and the soil is dried at the same time. In the case of using one having a hole diameter up to the opening, moisture is released only from the hole diameter by closing the lid or plug, so that the drying rate can be reduced to some extent.
Thus, according to the transparent perforated container-like structure of the present invention, the moisture content of the cultivated soil can be reduced, thereby improving the sugar content of plant fruits, leaf stems, and storage roots. . In order to further speed up such an action, an air circulation pump is attached to the opening of the transparent structure of the present invention, particularly a transparent perforated container-like structure, so that the vaporized vapor in the cylinder of the container-like structure is reduced. Effectively discharging out of the system is a very effective means.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 has a tip portion 3 formed by sharpening a tip of a transparent container-like structure (vinyl chloride cylindrical body) described above by thermocompression bonding. An example of the earth temperature raising material in which the through-holes 2 are uniformly provided is shown.
The earth temperature increasing material in FIG. 2 is an example of a double structure in which a columnar structure 4 is provided at the center of the container-like structure 1 in FIG. The strut-like structure 4 of the earth temperature raising material penetrates the tip portion 3 longer than the container-like structure 1, and the tip portion 6 is sharpened. Sunlight is emitted from the tip 3 to increase the deep soil temperature.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples. In addition, evaluation of an Example is based on the following measuring method.
Transparency: Based on JIS K-7361-1, the total light transmittance at a thickness of 2 mm is measured.
Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
The ground temperature raising material of Fig. 1 was made. That is, it is composed of a cylindrical body (post-like object) consisting of a transparent vinyl chloride tube (total thickness 7 mm, thickness of one wall 3.5 mm) having a length of 700 mm, an outer diameter of 32 mm, and an inner diameter of 25 mm. A through-hole having a diameter of 1 mm is formed on the wall surface at a rate of about 1 / cm ² from the surface area, and the entire surface of the cylindrical body has 8 rows in the circumferential direction at equal intervals and 10 mm pitch in a row. Thus, about 60 or more container-like structures were made. Next, the tip of the container-like structure was thermocompression bonded and sharpened to obtain a ground temperature increasing material.
The transparency of the vinyl chloride tube was 75% when the total light transmittance of a 2 mm slice of the vinyl chloride tube was measured.
On the other hand, seedlings are planted by the usual method on the soil once cultivated, and then cultivated by planting 6 tomato seedlings in the field by applying a polyethylene sheet and then mulching, and it will take 2 weeks to reach the harvest time Before the fertilization was stopped and the mulching was removed, instead, the soil temperature increasing materials were inserted one by one before and after one seedling, and a total of 14 soil temperature increasing materials were driven (Example) 1).
For comparison, 6 tomato seedlings were similarly planted and cultivated in a field at another place 10 m away, and this field was continuously grown by fertilization (Comparative Example 1).
In any field, these seedlings are given 6 liters of water per day, and 6 cc of water manure ("Hyponex" (R) manufactured by Hyponex Japan) is collected and diluted with 6 liters of water. ) Was given once every 7 days instead of water.
As a result, it was found that the tomato of Example 1 had a strong sweetness and a high sugar content as compared with the comparative example. Further, the soil of Example 1 was clearly dry as compared with the soil of Comparative Example 1.
Example 2
A ground temperature raising material similar to that in Example 1 was made using polypropylene resin.
The transparency of the polypropylene resin constituting this earth temperature increasing material was 90% as measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
As in Example 1, this soil temperature increasing material was carried out in another field where 6 tomato seedlings were planted and grown, and as a result, it was found that it was sweeter and had a higher sugar content than the tomato of Example 1. It was. In addition, the soil using the ground temperature increasing material of Example 2 was further dried than the soil using the ground temperature increasing material of Example 1.

This figure is a schematic diagram showing an example of the soil temperature increasing material of the present invention. This figure is the schematic which shows another example of the ground temperature raising material of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: Ground temperature increasing material (container-like structure)
2: Through-hole 3: Tip part 4: Support structure

Claims (11)

A total structure in which one end is a light intake and the other end is a tip having a shape that can be pierced into soil, and the structure is measured based on JIS K-7361-1. It is made of a transparent material having a transmittance of 50% or more, the length of the structure is 0.2 to 2 m, and a light emitting groove and / or on the wall surface of the structure Or the earth temperature raising material characterized by having a through-hole. The ground temperature increasing material according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a container-like structure. The container-like structure is provided with a light transmission member made of a transparent material having a total light transmittance of 50% or more measured in accordance with JIS K-7361-1, at the center. The earth temperature increasing material according to claim 1 or 2, which is a heavy structure. The earth temperature increasing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transparent material is a transparent material having a total light transmittance of 70% or more. The earth temperature increasing material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transparent material is a natural resin or a synthetic resin. The ground temperature increasing material according to claim 5, wherein the natural resin or synthetic resin is a biodegradable resin. The ground temperature increasing material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the through hole has a diameter of 0.05 to 3 mm. The light emitting groove, and / or through holes, the wall of said structure, soil temperature rise material according to claim 1 in ^{which 2} there is at least one / cm. The ground temperature increasing material according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the container-like structure is a cylindrical body. The ground temperature raising material according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein a surface constituting the mouth surface of the light intake port portion or the upper surface of the wall of the structure is finished to be a mirror surface. The ground temperature raising material according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein an air circulation pump is attached to the opening of the container-like structure.

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