JP2005111300A - Aquatic ecosystem regeneration method, river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method, and apparatus used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an aquatic ecosystem regeneration method and a river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method for realizing a stable flowing environment, which efficiently propagates autotrophism living things of attached algae, or the like, such as Melosira varians under the flowing environment, supplies the same to rivers, thereby, creates the environment of rivers, and the like, having the rich diversity in which the heterotrophism living things easily live, eliminates organic nutrient salts, or the like, of phosphorus and nitrogen, or the like, and cleans the water quality of rivers, or the like, and to provide an apparatus used for the methods. <P>SOLUTION: The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus is provided with a prefilter tank 2 which enhances light transmittancy or the like of the river water 5, a culture tank 3 which cultures autotrophism living things of attached algae (A), or the like, and a flow rate adjustment tank 4 which is communicated with the culture tank 3. Therein, river water 5 treated by the prefilter tank 2 is supplied into the culture tank 3, the water level of the flow rate adjustment tank 4 is adjusted and the stable flowing environment in the vertical direction is formed in the culture tank 3. Further, in the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus, the autotrophism living things of the attached algae (A) efficiently propagated under the flowing environment are supplied into a river 10, the organic nutrient salts, or the like, are eliminated and the cleaning of the water quality of the river 10 is performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention efficiently propagates autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, supplies autotrophic organisms such as attached algae that form the basis of aquatic ecosystems such as rivers to rivers, etc. Aquatic ecosystem regeneration method and river aquatic ecosystem regeneration that create rich river environments, remove organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in river water, etc., and purify the water quality of rivers, etc. The present invention relates to a construction method and its apparatus.

Traditionally, the basic concept for flood control is “how quickly the rain that falls on the mountain can flow into the sea”. For this reason, we have consistently adopted a method that further increases the flow velocity during floods by straightening curved rivers, diverting reclaimed water to fields, and constructing high dikes. In addition, the river flow velocity was further increased by the active adoption of the three-sided construction method. On the other hand, detailed research on the relationship between the flow velocity and the habitat of autotrophic organisms such as algae that form the foundation of river aquatic ecosystems has been difficult until recently, and it was difficult to establish a stable flow velocity environment.
However, research on slow filtration treatment has finally revealed the actual situation, and a very slow flow compared to a river flow of about 20 to 30 cm per hour is important for the growth of attached diatoms such as merosilla. It is becoming clear that it is suitable. Long-term policies have greatly reduced the slow flow environment such as meandering rivers and recreation areas where a lot of underground water is seen, resulting in a significant decrease in the production of autotrophic organisms such as diatoms that form the foundation of river aquatic ecosystems. As a result, it has been found that the living environment of heterotrophic organisms starting from zooplankton has been significantly narrowed.

  Furthermore, river water is eutrophied with organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen due to a decrease in adhering algae that absorb and decompose organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen. It is also clear that floating algae etc. are abnormally breeding in the water areas, etc., and affect aquaculture and seafood. Accordingly, various proposals have been made on a method for growing attached algae and the like, and an apparatus for purifying water quality of rivers using attached algae and the like.

  For example, as a method for producing filamentous diatoms, a tank that is sufficiently shallow compared to the area is set up so that natural water such as rivers and underground water flows at a slow speed, and the set water flow is roughly horizontal. Further, a method has been proposed in which the set water flow is in one direction (non-circulating) including a non-linear line, and filamentous diatoms are produced by the sun or other light energy and nutrients in natural water (for example, Patent Document 1). reference.).

  Further, as an apparatus for purifying river water using filamentous diatoms, an inflow water purification facility disposed between a water storage area and a river flowing into the reservoir, and a box body into which sunlight can be introduced from above And a purification unit comprising a coarse sand layer provided in the lower part of the box and supporting the filamentous algae, and a water layer provided above the coarse sand layer and capable of inhabiting the filamentous algae, and the upstream coarse sand layer. A plurality of water is provided so that the passed water flows into the downstream water layer, the water of the river is taken into the water layer of the purification unit on the most upstream side, and the water that has passed through the coarse sand layer of the purification unit on the most downstream side. Inflow water purification equipment has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Literature 2).

However, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-321158 (Patent Document 1), it is difficult to form a stable flow velocity environment at a horizontal flow velocity, and autotrophic organisms such as merosilas and other attached algae are proliferated and cultured. As a condition for this, this horizontal flow velocity environment is not suitable.
Moreover, in the inflow water purification equipment of Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 6-182384 (patent document 2), since the load resistance (filtration function) with respect to flowing water changes a lot by seasonal change of microbial environments, such as algae, it is in the purification unit entrance. In this flow rate adjustment, complicated adjustment work is required to maintain a constant flow rate of the water layer, and the culture conditions of the filamentous algae are significantly disturbed, causing the culture efficiency to be greatly reduced, resulting in a stable flow rate environment. It cannot form and maintain its flow velocity environment. Therefore, it cannot be said that the environment is suitable for filamentous algae, and organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen cannot be efficiently removed.
JP 2001-321158 A JP-A-6-182384

  The present invention has been developed as a result of earnest research in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is to realize a stable flow velocity environment. By efficiently growing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae and supplying them to rivers, etc., it creates a diverse river environment where heterotrophic organisms are liable to live, as well as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in river water, etc. It aims at providing the aquatic ecosystem regeneration construction method and the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration construction method and apparatus which can remove organic nutrient salts etc., etc., and can purify the water quality of a river etc.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with at least a culture area for culturing autotrophic organisms such as adherent algae and a flow rate adjustment area communicating with the culture area, and a water level in the flow rate adjustment area. Is an aquatic ecosystem regeneration method in which a vertical flow velocity environment is formed in the culture zone and the aquatic ecosystem is regenerated under this flow velocity environment.

  The invention according to claim 2 is an aquatic ecosystem regeneration method in which a prefiltration zone is provided upstream of the culture zone, and treated water treated in the prefiltration zone is supplied to the culture zone.

  The invention according to claim 3 is provided with a pre-filtration tank for enhancing light permeability and the like of river water, a culture tank for culturing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, and a flow rate adjusting tank communicating with the culture tank, The culture tank is supplied with river water that has been treated in the pre-filtration tank, and the water level in the flow rate adjustment tank is adjusted to form a stable vertical flow velocity environment in the culture tank. In this river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method, autotrophic organisms such as attached algae that are efficiently propagated are supplied to the river, and organic nutrient salts are removed to purify the water quality of the river.

  The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the culture tank comprises an upper layer region for breeding autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, a middle layer region for increasing flow velocity load resistance, and a lower layer region having a low flow velocity load resistance. This is a river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method that creates a vertical flow velocity environment in the middle zone and a horizontal flow velocity environment in the lower zone.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method in which the flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction of the lower layer region is faster than the flow velocity environment in the vertical direction of the upper layer region and the middle layer region.

  The invention which concerns on Claim 6 is the river aquatic ecosystem reproduction construction method which made the depth of the said upper layer area 30 cm or less.

  The invention according to claim 7 is the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method in which the middle layer region is formed using a chip material such as thinned wood.

  The invention according to claim 8 is provided with a pre-filtration tank for enhancing light permeability and the like of river water, a culture tank for culturing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, and a flow rate adjusting tank communicating with the culture tank, The culture tank is supplied with river water that has been treated in the pre-filtration tank, and the water level in the flow rate adjustment tank is adjusted to form a stable vertical flow velocity environment in the culture tank. Thus, the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration device is configured to supply autotrophic organisms such as attached algae that have been efficiently propagated to the river and remove organic nutrients to purify the water quality of the river.

  The invention according to claim 9 is a river aquatic ecosystem regenerating apparatus in which the water level of the flow rate adjusting tank is adjusted via flow rate adjusting means such as an opening / closing plate and a valve.

  In the invention according to claim 10, the water level adjustment of the flow rate adjustment tank is carried out by adjusting the water level according to the amount of drainage per unit time, and the vertical direction in the upper layer region and middle layer region of the culture tank due to the height difference from the water level in the culture tank It is a river aquatic ecosystem regeneration device that adjusts the flow velocity to the water in the range of 2 cm to 2 m per hour.

  The invention according to claim 11 is a river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus configured to supply autotrophic organisms such as attached algae separated and floated in the culture tank to the river from the algal outlet.

According to the first aspect of the invention, by adjusting the water level in the flow rate adjustment zone communicating with the culture zone, a very stable vertical flow velocity environment can be formed in the culture zone. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently culture autotrophic organisms such as attached algae that form the basis of aquatic ecosystems such as rivers, thereby supplying autotrophic organisms such as attached algae to rivers, etc. It is possible to create an environment rich in diversity in which organisms can live.
Furthermore, since organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in water from rivers and the like are absorbed and decomposed by autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, water quality purification of rivers and the like can be performed simultaneously.

  According to the invention according to claim 2, by performing precipitation / filtration treatment in the pre-filtration zone, the light transmittance of the water is increased, and by supplying the treated water that has passed through this pre-filtration zone to the culture zone, A sufficient amount of light such as light can be supplied to the bottom layer, and photosynthesis of autotrophic organisms such as attached algae can be actively performed.

According to the invention according to claim 3, by adjusting the water level in the flow rate adjusting tank communicating with the culture tank, a very stable vertical flow rate environment can be formed in the culture tank. Originally, it becomes possible to efficiently culture autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, which are the foundation of the aquatic ecosystem of rivers. It is possible to create an environment rich in diversity in which organisms can live.
Furthermore, since organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in river water are absorbed and decomposed by autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, the water quality of the river can be simultaneously purified.
Furthermore, in the case of rivers, there are many cases where pollution deteriorates when the amount of water is greatly reduced, and even in such a case, it is possible to maintain a culture environment efficiently for river purification.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, the said culture tank is comprised from the upper layer area which propagates autotrophic organisms, such as adhesion algae, the middle layer area which raises flow velocity load resistance, and the lower layer area with little flow velocity load resistance. In addition, it is possible to form a very stable vertical flow velocity environment, and to efficiently secure the amount of light such as sunlight.

  According to the invention according to claim 5, the flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction of the lower layer region passes through the upper layer region and the middle layer region by making the flow faster than the flow velocity environment in the vertical direction of the upper layer region and the middle layer region. It becomes possible to quickly flow water into the flow rate adjustment tank.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6, it becomes possible to supply light quantity, such as sunlight enough, to a bottom layer by making the depth of an upper layer area into less than 30 cm, and photosynthesis of autotrophic organisms, such as an attached algae, is thriving In addition, it is possible to efficiently collect autotrophic organisms such as grown attached algae.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 7, providing a comfortable living environment for the microorganisms which can create many contact opportunities with microorganisms in water by forming the middle layer area using chip materials such as thinned wood As a result, it is possible to form various microbial ecosystems in this chip layer, and this microorganism further removes organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen remaining in the water, thereby purifying the water quality of the river. Can be performed.
Furthermore, by using chip materials such as thinned wood, it becomes possible to promote the use of thinned wood and the like.

According to the invention according to claim 8, by adjusting the water level in the flow rate adjusting tank communicating with the culture tank, a very stable vertical flow rate environment can be formed in the culture tank. Originally, it becomes possible to efficiently culture autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, which are the foundation of the aquatic ecosystem of rivers. It is possible to provide a device that forms a diverse environment in which organisms can live.
Furthermore, since organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in river water are absorbed and decomposed by autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, the water quality of the river can be simultaneously purified.
Furthermore, since it can be manufactured at a low cost, it is possible to provide an apparatus that is excellent in economic efficiency.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to easily adjust the water level of the flow rate adjusting tank by using flow rate adjusting means such as an opening / closing plate and a valve.

  According to the invention of claim 10, it is possible to easily create a very slow flow velocity environment of 2 cm to 2 m per hour, and the culture conditions vary greatly depending on the season due to differences in water temperature, sunlight amount, etc. It becomes possible to respond reliably.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 11, it becomes possible to supply the autotrophic organisms, such as the attached algae which peeled and floated, to a river automatically.

An embodiment of the aquatic ecosystem regeneration method in the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of the aquatic ecosystem regeneration method 1 of the present invention, and as shown in FIG. 1, a culture zone 3 for culturing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae (hereinafter referred to as attached algae A) and A flow rate adjustment region 4 communicated with the culture region 3 is provided, and the water level in the flow rate adjustment region 4 is adjusted so that the flow rate in the vertical direction is stable in the culture region 3 supplied with the river water 5 and the like. The environment is formed and inhabited in the culture area 3 by the light quantity such as sunlight efficiently secured under this flow velocity environment and organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in the river water 5 etc. The attached algae A is cultivated efficiently, and the attached algae (hereinafter referred to as the attached algae B) exfoliated and floated from the colony A (attached algae, etc.) are supplied to rivers, etc. A rich environment is formed and organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen are removed from river water 5 etc. It has become a method to perform a water purification.

As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the culture tank 3 includes an upper layer region 3a for breeding the attached algae A, a middle layer region 3b for increasing the flow rate load resistance of running water, and a lower layer region having a low flow rate load resistance against running water. The upper layer region 3a and the middle layer region 3b form a flow velocity environment in the vertical direction, and the lower layer region 3c forms a flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction.
Moreover, as shown in the figure, in order to increase the photosynthesis of the attached algae A that inhabit the culture area 3, a pre-filtration area 2 is provided upstream of the culture area 3, and mud flowing from a river, etc. It is preferable to remove substances and the like so as to improve the light transmittance and the like of the treated water 5 (river water etc.) supplied to the culture area 3.

Next, a preferred embodiment of a river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method and its apparatus in which the aquatic ecosystem regeneration method of the present invention described above is applied to a river will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same part as FIG. 1 attaches | subjects and demonstrates the same code | symbol.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a device 1 (hereinafter referred to as the present device 1) to which the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view thereof. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the present apparatus 1 mainly cultivates the pre-filtration tank 2 that performs treatment such as increasing the light permeability of the river water 5 and the attached algae A (mainly merosilla in this example). It comprises a culture tank 3 to be performed, a flow rate adjustment tank 4 communicated with the culture tank 3, and the like.
The pre-filtration tank 2 described above is located upstream of the culture tank 3 and has a processing function such as removing mud and suspended matter flowing in along with the river water 5 and increasing the light permeability of the river water 5. Yes. By supplying the river water (treated water) 5 treated in the prefiltration tank 2 to the culture tank 3 located on the downstream side, it becomes possible to sufficiently supply the amount of light such as sunlight to the bottom layer. It is possible to vigorously carry out photosynthesis of the attached algae A that inhabit 3. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, in this example, a predetermined gap 2a (hereinafter referred to as a flow path port 2a) is provided between the bottom and a partition plate 2b is installed, and between this partition plate 2b and the wall 2c. Is provided with purification means 6 such as a filter. This purification means 6 can employ any structure and is optional depending on the implementation.

  The river water 5 that has flowed into the pre-filtration tank 2 first passes through the purification means 6 to remove mud, suspended matters, etc., and the light permeability and the like are improved. It rises and passes through the partition wall 2d set lower than the height of the partition plate 2b and is supplied to the culture tank 3. In the figure, 7 is an overflow that causes the river water 5 that has flowed excessively into the prefiltration tank 2 to flow out. In addition, the structure of the prefiltration tank 2 shown in this example is an example, and is not limited to this. For example, as will be described later, the structure may mainly be a simple structure that spontaneously precipitates, and the structure Is optional depending on implementation.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the culture tank 3 has an upper layer region 3a for breeding attached algae A (mainly merosilla in this example), a middle layer region 3b for increasing the flow velocity load resistance of running water, and a flow velocity load resistance against flowing water. The lower layer region 3c is composed of a small number of lower layer regions 3c. The upper layer region 3a and the middle layer region 3b form a flow velocity environment in the vertical direction, and the lower layer region 3c forms a flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction. Further, the flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction of the lower layer region 3c is set to be faster than the flow velocity environment in the vertical direction of the upper layer region 3a and the middle layer region 3b, and passes through the upper layer region 3a and the middle layer region 3b. In this structure, the river water 5 is quickly supplied to the flow rate adjusting tank 4.

  Moreover, in this example, the depth of the upper layer region 3a which is a water region is set to be within 30 cm, whereby a sufficient amount of light such as sunlight can be supplied to the bottom layer, and photosynthesis of the attached algae A is actively promoted. In addition, it is possible to efficiently collect propagated attached algae and the like. That is, in the bottom layer, the attached algae A proliferates under strong light to produce oxygen, but the oxygen becomes bubbles, and the buoyancy of the bubbles increases with the growth of the bubbles, so that the group A (attached algae) Etc.) part of the surface is peeled and floated. In this way, by setting the depth of the upper layer region 3a to be shallow, the water pressure in the bottom layer is reduced, and the buoyancy generated by promoting the growth of bubbles is promoted to promote the separation and floating of the attached algae A. The habitat of the attached algae A is improved and the reproduction effect is enhanced. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the attached algae B, which has been separated and floated, is supplied directly or indirectly from the algae discharge port 9 to the river 10 via the floating algae collection port 8 formed in the culture tank 3. Thus, the habitat of the attached algae A is always maintained in a good state.

Various algae and plankton have unique optimum flow velocity environments that are easy to breed and relate to their body sizes.To increase the flow velocity load resistance for creating the optimum flow velocity environment, in this example, The middle layer region 3b that increases the flow velocity load resistance is formed using a chip material such as thinned wood. In this example, the chip material is used in a state of being packed in a fine bag. Like this chip material, a material obtained by finely pulverizing wood is irregular in shape and size and has a large surface area because it is rich in fibers, creating many opportunities for contact with microorganisms in the water, making it cool for microorganisms. As a result, a variety of microbial ecosystems are formed in the chip layer. Furthermore, the stable supply of oxygen-rich water from the upper layer 3a enables the inhabiting of microorganisms that dislike light, and organic substances remaining in the water are ingested by these microorganisms and anaerobic in the body of the microorganisms. Sexual degradation takes place.
That is, by forming an oxygen-rich situation in the upper layer region 3a, the organic layer is absorbed and decomposed by the attached algae A, while the middle layer region 3b creates an environment that promotes anaerobic decomposition of microorganisms in the body. Thus, the river water 5 is effectively purified by creating both aerobic and anaerobic environments in the upper layer region 3a and the middle layer region 3b and efficiently absorbing and decomposing organic matter.

  In this example, the middle layer region 3b is formed using a chip material, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any material that increases the load resistance against running water may be used in principle. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in this example, a sand layer 3d made of sand or the like is provided on the upper part of the middle layer region 3b made of chip material, and an upper layer region 3a in which the attached algae A inhabit is provided on the upper part of the sand layer 3d. Yes. As a result, the attached algae A are supported by the sand layer 3d and can be propagated in a stable state while forming a colony in a film shape, and the propagation state is arbitrary depending on the implementation. Moreover, although it is preferable to set the thickness of the middle layer area 3b to approximately 50 cm or less and the thickness of the sand layer 3d to approximately 20 cm or less, the present invention is not limited to this, and is optional depending on the implementation.

  As described above, the river water 5 supplied through the prefiltration tank 2 has organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the upper layer 3a where the attached algae A having excellent absorption ability of organic nutrients and the like live. The river water 5 that has been effectively removed and passed through the upper layer region 3a flows into the lower layer region 3c having a low load resistance against running water after being subjected to physical and biological purification treatment in the middle layer region 3b. Due to the flow velocity in the horizontal direction formed in this lower layer region 3 c, it flows out to the flow velocity adjustment tank 4 through the communication port 4 a. In this example, the lower layer area 3c is formed by laying large gravel (for example, 10 to 20 cm), and is provided so that the laid state can be reliably maintained. In addition, the structure of the lower layer area 3c is not limited to this example, What is necessary is just a structure which can form the lower layer area 3c with little load resistance with respect to flowing water.

  In the flow rate adjusting tank 4 communicated with the culture tank 3, the opening / closing plate 11 provided in the flow rate adjusting tank 4 is opened and closed, and the river water 5 in the flow rate adjusting tank 4 flows out directly or indirectly to the river 10. ing. That is, by adjusting the water level in the flow rate adjusting tank 4, a very stable vertical flow rate environment is formed in the culture tank 3, and under this flow rate environment, the attached algae A such as melosila Can be efficiently propagated, and the river water 5 flowing into the apparatus 1 is purified very effectively and returned to the river 10. In this example, the opening / closing plate 11 is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in other examples described later, a flow rate adjusting means such as a valve provided with a flow rate measuring device may be used.

  The water level adjustment of the flow rate adjusting tank 4 is performed by adjusting the water level according to the amount of drainage per unit time, and the vertical flow rate in the upper layer region 3a and the middle layer region 3b of the culture tank 3 due to the height difference from the water level in the culture tank 3. Is adjusted within a range of 2 cm to 2 m per hour, for example, centering on 20 cm per hour. In this way, it is possible to easily create a very stable flow velocity environment in the vertical direction with a very slow width of 2 cm to 2 m per hour by adjusting the water level of the flow velocity adjusting tank 4. In this way, the range of flow rate adjustment in the vertical direction has been widened, so that it is possible to reliably cope with the fact that the culture conditions vary greatly depending on the season, such as the water temperature and the amount of sunlight. I have to.

Next, another example of the above embodiment will be described. In addition, the same part as the said embodiment attaches | subjects the same code | symbol, and abbreviate | omits the description.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the river water 5 flowing in from the river 10 is first supplied to the prefiltration basin 2 shown in FIG. 5 a through the flow path, and in the prefiltration pond 2, Sedimentation of mud, etc. naturally improves the light transmission of water. The river water 5 that has passed through the previous filtration pond 2 is supplied to the culture pond 3 in which the attached algae A shown in FIG. In this culture pond 3, a stable vertical flow velocity environment is formed. Under this flow velocity environment, the amount of light such as sunlight and organic nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in the river water 5 are formed. The attached algae A is efficiently cultured with salt or the like. Moreover, in the culture pond 3, active photosynthesis is performed and oxygen is produced, and the oxygen becomes bubbles, and the buoyancy of the bubbles increases with the growth of the bubbles, whereby a part of the colony A (attached algae, etc.). Exfoliates and rises. The peeled and floated attached algae B are supplied to the river 10 through the algal outlet 9, and thereby an environment suitable for the survival of heterotrophic organisms starting from zooplankton is created in the river 10.

  Further, the river water 5 passes through the upper layer region 3a, the middle layer region 3b, and the lower layer region 3c constituting the culture pond 3, so that organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen are removed, and the water is purified physically and biologically. The river water 5 that has been discharged flows out to the river 10 via the flow rate adjustment pond 4 shown in FIG. 5c. In this example, the valve 11 equipped with the flow rate measuring device 12 is used to adjust the water level in the flow rate adjusting pond 4, thereby managing the extremely stable vertical flow rate environment formed in the culture pond 3. I am doing so. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5c, in this example, a relatively large stone or the like is arranged in the flow rate adjusting pond 4, and even if a person or an animal enters the flow rate adjusting pond 4, the safety is ensured. I try to secure it. In addition, you may install a fall prevention net etc. so that the upper part of a pond water surface may be covered partially or the whole.

Further, on the downstream side of the flow rate adjustment pond 4, a plaza 13 shown in FIG. 5 d can be provided, and the river water 5 purified from the flow rate adjustment pond 4 can be supplied to this square 13. For example, it can be used as a safe playground for children, which is shallow and slow in flow, and the river water 5 purified through the open space 13 may flow out to the river 10.
As described above, melosila has been mainly described as an autotrophic organism such as an attached algae. However, the present invention can be applied to other types of autotrophic organisms such as fragilia.

Next, a floating type apparatus will be described which applies the aquatic ecosystem regeneration method of the present invention and mainly purifies water quality in coastal areas such as inland seas and bays, and in still water areas such as ponds and dams.
In FIG. 6, reference numeral 20 in the figure denotes a floating type device that floats on the water surface of the still water area, and the structure thereof includes a water supply pump 21 that sucks the water 5 in the still water area and supplies it into the apparatus 20. A pre-filtration tank 22 that mainly increases the light transmittance of the water 5, a culture tank 23 for culturing the attached algae A (mainly merosilla in this example), a flow rate adjusting tank 24 that communicates with the culture tank 23, The solar panel 25 is configured to supply power to the water supply pump 21 and the like.

  The water 5 sucked by the water supply pump 21 is first supplied to the prefiltration tank 22, and in this prefiltration tank 22, mud and the like contained in the water 5 are naturally precipitated to enhance the light transmittance. In addition, it is preferable that a filter or the like is provided in the water supply pump 21 so that dust, plankton, or the like floating in the water stop water area is removed in advance before the water 5 in the water stop water area is supplied into the prefiltration tank 22. . By supplying the water 5 treated in the pre-filtration tank 22 to the culture tank 23, it becomes possible to supply a sufficient amount of light such as sunlight to the bottom layer, and the photosynthesis of the attached algae A living in the culture tank 23 is achieved. Can be performed actively. In the figure, 26 is an overflow that causes the water 5 from the still water area that has flowed excessively into the culture tank 22 to flow out.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the culture tank 23 is composed of an upper layer region 23a for breeding attached algae A, a middle layer region 23b for increasing the flow velocity load resistance of flowing water, and a lower layer region 23c having a low flow velocity load resistance against flowing water. In the upper layer region 23a and the middle layer region 23b, a flow velocity environment in the vertical direction is formed, and in the lower layer region 23c, a flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction is formed. Further, the flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction of the lower layer region 23c is set to flow faster than the flow velocity environment in the vertical direction of the upper layer region 23a and the middle layer region 23b, and passes through the upper layer region 23a and the middle layer region 23b. The water 5 thus made is allowed to flow quickly into the flow rate adjusting tank 24. In the figure, reference numeral 23d denotes a sand layer, and the structures and functions of the upper layer region 23a, the middle layer region 23b, the lower layer region 23c, and the sand layer 23d are the same as those of the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus 1 described above, and thus the description thereof is omitted. To do.

  For example, if the attached algae B that has been released and floated are continuously collected by an algae collection port or an overflow provided with an algae collection tool such as a net, the algae that have proliferated can be efficiently collected without greatly disturbing the culture conditions of the algae. be able to. The collected attached algae and the like can be used for various purposes such as feed and fertilizer, and can be used in a form suitable for the application. In addition, when a pond or dam or the like that floats the floating device 20 is connected to the downstream area, if the algae grown are supplied to the river, the aquatic ecology is similar to the above-described river aquatic ecosystem regeneration device. Great effect for system regeneration.

  In the flow rate adjusting tank 24 communicated with the culture tank 23, the valve 28 provided with the flow rate measuring device 27 provided in the flow rate adjusting tank 24 is opened and closed, so that the water 5 in the flow rate adjusting tank 24 flows out to the still water area. It has a structure to let you. That is, by adjusting the water level in the flow rate adjusting tank 24, a very stable vertical flow rate environment is formed in the culture tank 23. Under this flow rate environment, the attached algae A such as merosilla are efficient. It will be possible to breed. Thereby, organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen contained in the water can be removed, and the water 5 in the still water area flowing into the apparatus 20 can be effectively purified.

In addition, the water level of the flow rate adjusting tank 24 is adjusted according to the amount of drainage per unit time, and in the vertical direction in the upper layer area 23a and the middle layer area 23b of the culture tank 23 due to the difference in level from the water level in the culture tank 23. For example, the flow rate is adjusted in the range of 2 cm to 2 m per hour centering on 20 cm per hour. In this way, it is possible to easily create a very stable flow velocity environment in the vertical direction with a very slow width of 2 cm to 2 m per hour by adjusting the water level of the flow velocity adjusting tank 24. At the same time, the vertical flow rate adjustment range has been widened, so that it is possible to reliably cope with the fact that the culture conditions vary greatly depending on the season, such as the water temperature and the amount of sunlight.
Furthermore, since this floating type apparatus 20 can be easily moved, it can respond quickly to a change in the installation location. Furthermore, the water purified by the apparatus 20 can be supplied as purified water via a supply means such as a pump. Although not shown, an appropriate temperature controller can be provided to set an optimum temperature for autotrophic organisms such as attached algae that inhabit the culture tank 23 to further increase the growth rate.

  If the apparatus 1 and the floating apparatus 20 described above are provided in a coastal area such as an inland sea or an inlet, a large amount of algae and plankton can be cultured in the seawater area as well, and the seawater area rich in eutrophication substances. Is purified. Also, in this case, a stable vertical flow velocity environment is created by utilizing the difference in tidal volume that occurs every day, but the direction of the flow velocity varies depending on the tidal state, but it is possible to culture algae, plankton, etc. Yes, if a large-scale facility is created using the tidal zone in the coastal area, the biomass of diatoms and other autotrophic organisms in the coastal area will be significantly increased. It is possible to regenerate ecosystems rich in diversity. These facilities are also very effective for aquaculture such as clams, clams, oysters and scallops.

  The aquatic ecosystem regeneration method of the present invention is applied to rivers and seas that flow into seas, reservoirs, lakes, swamps, etc., and efficiently cultures autotrophic organisms such as attached algae that form the basis of aquatic ecosystems. As a result, it is possible to supply adhering algae such as merosilla to rivers, etc., to form a diverse environment where heterotrophic organisms are liable to live, and to be included in river water etc. Since organic nutrient salts such as phosphorus and nitrogen are absorbed and decomposed by autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, it becomes possible to simultaneously purify water quality of rivers and the like.

It is a schematic explanatory drawing of the aquatic ecosystem reproduction construction method which is the present invention. It is a perspective view of the apparatus to which the river aquatic ecosystem regeneration construction method which is this invention is applied. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the device in FIG. 2. It is the top view which showed the other example of this invention provided in a river. It is sectional drawing (a) of a pre-filtration pond, sectional drawing (b) of a culture pond, sectional drawing (c) of a flow velocity adjustment pond, and sectional drawing (d) of an open space. It is the cross-sectional perspective view which showed the floating type | mold apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

1 Equipment (Aquatic Ecosystem Regeneration Method, River Aquatic Ecosystem Regeneration Method)
2 Pre-filtration area (Pre-filtration tank, Pre-filtration pond)
3 culture area (culture tank, culture pond)
3a Upper layer region 3b Middle layer region 3c Lower layer region 4 Flow rate adjustment region (flow rate adjustment tank, flow rate adjustment pond)
5 Water (river water)
6 Purification means 9 Algae discharge port 10 River 11 Opening and closing plate, valve (flow rate adjustment means)
A attached algae (Merosila)
B attached algae (Merosila)

Claims (11)

  At least a culture area for culturing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae and a flow rate adjustment area communicating with this culture area, and adjusting the water level in the flow rate adjustment area, the flow velocity environment in the vertical direction in the culture area An aquatic ecosystem regeneration method characterized by regenerating the aquatic ecosystem under this flow velocity environment.   The aquatic ecosystem regeneration method according to claim 1, wherein a prefiltration zone is provided upstream of the culture zone, and treated water treated in the prefiltration zone is supplied to the culture zone.   A pre-filtration tank for enhancing light permeability of river water, a culture tank for culturing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, and a flow rate adjusting tank communicating with the culture tank are provided. The river water treated with the above was supplied, the water level of the flow rate adjustment tank was adjusted, and a stable flow velocity environment in the vertical direction was formed in the culture tank, which was efficiently propagated under this flow velocity environment A river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method characterized by supplying autotrophic organisms such as attached algae to the river and removing organic nutrients to purify the water quality of the river.   The culture tank is composed of an upper layer region for propagating autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, a middle layer region for increasing flow velocity load resistance, and a lower layer region having a low flow velocity load resistance. The upper layer region and the middle layer region have a vertical flow velocity. The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method according to claim 3, wherein an environment is formed and a flow velocity environment in a horizontal direction is formed in a lower area.   The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the flow velocity environment in the horizontal direction of the lower layer region is faster than the flow velocity environment in the vertical direction of the upper layer region and the middle layer region.   The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration construction method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a depth of the upper layer region is within 30 cm.   The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the middle layer region is formed using a chip material such as thinned wood.   A pre-filtration tank for enhancing light permeability of river water, a culture tank for culturing autotrophic organisms such as attached algae, and a flow rate adjusting tank communicating with the culture tank are provided. The river water treated with the above was supplied, the water level of the flow rate adjustment tank was adjusted, and a stable flow velocity environment in the vertical direction was formed in the culture tank, which was efficiently propagated under this flow velocity environment A river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus characterized by supplying autotrophic organisms such as attached algae to a river and removing organic nutrients to purify the water quality of the river.   The river aquatic ecosystem regenerating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the water level of the flow rate adjusting tank is adjusted through flow rate adjusting means such as an opening / closing plate and a valve.   The water level of the flow rate adjustment tank is adjusted according to the amount of drainage per unit time, and the vertical flow rate in the upper and middle layers of the culture tank is changed from 2 cm to 2 m / h depending on the level difference from the water level in the culture tank. The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein adjustment is performed within the range described above. The river aquatic ecosystem regeneration apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein autotrophic organisms such as attached algae separated and floated in the culture tank are supplied to the river from an algae outlet.

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