JP2005108646A - Negative electrode for nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, and sealed nickel-hydrogen secondary battery using it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a negative electrode for a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery capable of preventing a short circuit caused in the battery when an element for the purpose of enhancing the performance of the battery is included in either or both of its positive and negative electrodes. <P>SOLUTION: This negative electrode 26 for a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery contains: a hydrogen storage alloy; and lithium manganate having a composition expressed by general formula: Li<SB>x</SB>Mn<SB>2-y</SB>M<SB>y</SB>O<SB>4</SB>, wherein Mn elements are partially replaced with other elements. In the formula, (x) and (y) are numerical values defined by 0≤x<1.2 and 0<y<2; and M is a substituted element. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery and a sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery using the same.

The nickel metal hydride secondary battery includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode arranged to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and the positive electrode includes nickel hydroxide as a positive electrode active material, while the negative electrode includes hydrogen as a negative electrode active material. Includes hydrogen storage alloys that can store and release In order to improve the performance of nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries, these positive and negative electrodes contain various elements in an appropriate form together with the active material. In order to improve, Co particles are mixed with nickel hydroxide particles, or the surface of nickel hydroxide particles is covered with a coating layer made of a Co compound. For the negative electrode, the Co element is dissolved in the hydrogen storage alloy to improve the corrosion resistance of the hydrogen storage alloy to the alkaline electrolyte, or the equilibrium pressure of the hydrogen storage alloy is lowered to prevent leakage of the alkaline electrolyte. Therefore, Mn element is dissolved in the hydrogen storage alloy as much as possible. Furthermore, it is disclosed in Patent Document 1 that a negative electrode contains a spinel composite compound such as LiMn ₂ O ₄ together with a hydrogen storage alloy. By this spinel composite compound, the elution amount of the hydrogen storage alloy into an alkaline electrolyte is disclosed. It is considered that the active surface of the hydrogen storage alloy is maintained while the above is suppressed.
Japanese Patent No. 3330088 (for example, claims, paragraph numbers 0009, 0010, etc.)

By the way, when the Mn element is dissolved in the hydrogen storage alloy, the Mn element is eluted in the alkaline electrolyte, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy to the electrolyte is reduced. From the viewpoint of corrosion resistance, the Mn element in the hydrogen storage alloy A smaller amount of solid solution is desirable.
However, in the case of a nickel metal hydride secondary battery containing Co element in at least one of the positive and negative electrodes, there is a problem that a short circuit is likely to occur if the solid solution amount of Mn element in the hydrogen storage alloy is small. This problem occurs even when Mn element is included in the negative electrode as LiMn ₂ O ₄ as disclosed in Patent Document 1, and for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the battery, the thickness of the separator is reduced to increase the capacity of the positive electrode. It becomes more prominent when the volume is increased.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and in this battery, when an element intended to improve the performance of a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery is contained in one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery that can prevent a short circuit that occurs, and a sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery using the same.

  In the nickel-metal hydride secondary battery in which one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain Co element, the inventor eluted Co element contained in the positive and negative electrodes into the electrolyte while repeating the charge / discharge reaction, and the eluted Co element However, when Mn element is dissolved in the hydrogen storage alloy, Mn element eluted in the electrolyte solution is not dissolved in the electrolyte solution. It was considered that a compound with low conductivity was produced by reacting with the Co element, thereby preventing precipitation of metallic cobalt and preventing a short circuit. As a result of various studies based on such considerations, the inventor can prevent a short circuit in the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery by including lithium manganate having a predetermined composition together with the hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode. As a result, the present invention has been conceived.

That is, in order to achieve the above object, in the invention of claim 1, the hydrogen storage alloy and a part of the Mn element are substituted with other elements, and the general formula:
Li _x Mn _{2- y My} O ₄
(Wherein, x and y are numerical values defined as 0 <x ≦ 1.2 and 0 <y <2, respectively, and M represents a substitution element.)
And a negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery, comprising lithium manganate having a composition represented by:

In the nickel-metal hydride secondary battery using the negative electrode having the above-described configuration, Mn element elutes into the alkaline electrolyte from lithium manganate in which a part of Mn element is substituted, and other metal elements such as Co in the alkaline electrolyte And the other metal elements are prevented from depositing on the separator as highly conductive metals, so that a short circuit is prevented.
In the above configuration, the lithium manganate preferably contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn as a substitution element for the Mn element ( Claim 2).

In the above configuration, the lithium manganate is preferably a lithium-excess type in which x is greater than 1. (Claim 3)
In the above configuration, the lithium manganate content is preferably in the range of 0.05 parts by weight or more and 2.0 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy.

In the configuration described above, the hydrogen storage alloy preferably includes at least one rare earth element and 0.20 mol or less of Mn element per mol of the rare earth element. According to this configuration, the corrosion resistance of the hydrogen storage alloy to the alkaline electrolyte is increased, so that the battery life can be increased while preventing the battery from being short-circuited.
In the above configuration, the hydrogen storage alloy has a general formula:
Ln _1-p Mg _p (Ni _1-q T _q ) _r
(Wherein, Ln represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid elements, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, Yb, Ti, Zr and Hf, and T represents V, Nb, Ta, It represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P and B, and p, q and r are each 0 <P ≦ 1, 0 ≦ q ≦ 0.5, 2.5 ≦ r ≦ 4.5.) (Claim 6).

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention of claim 7, a positive electrode and a negative electrode which are accommodated together with an outer can and an alkaline electrolyte in the outer can and are opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween. In at least one of the negative electrode and the alkaline electrolyte, a part of the Mn element is substituted with another element, and the general formula:
Li _x Mn _{2- y My} O ₄
(Wherein, x and y are numerical values defined as 0 <x ≦ 1.2 and 0 <y <2, respectively, and M represents a substitution element.)
A sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery comprising a lithium manganate having a composition represented by:

  In the configuration described above, the Mn element of lithium manganate elutes into the alkaline electrolyte to form other metal elements and compounds in the alkaline electrolyte, and these other metal elements are deposited on the separator as highly conductive metals. Therefore, a short circuit is prevented.

According to the negative electrode for a nickel metal hydride secondary battery of the present invention, it is possible to provide a nickel metal hydride secondary battery in which a short circuit is prevented, and the industrial value of the present invention is high.
Moreover, according to the present invention, a sealed nickel-hydrogen secondary battery in which a short circuit is prevented can be provided, and the industrial value of the present invention is high.

Hereinafter, a sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, this battery is, for example, an AA size cylindrical type, and includes an outer can 10 having a bottomed cylindrical shape with one end opened. The outer can 10 has conductivity and its bottom surface functions as a negative electrode terminal, while its outer peripheral surface is covered with an electrically insulating tube (not shown). In the opening of the outer can 10, a conductive cover plate 14 is disposed via a ring-shaped insulating packing 12, and the insulating packing 12 and the cover plate 14 are fixed in the opening by caulking the opening edge. Yes.

  The cover plate 14 has a gas vent hole 16 in the center, and a rubber valve element 18 is disposed on the outer surface of the cover plate 14 so as to close the gas vent hole 16. Further, a cap-shaped positive terminal 20 covering the valve body 18 is fixed on the outer surface of the cover plate 14, and the positive terminal 20 presses the valve body 18 against the cover plate 14. Accordingly, the outer can 10 is normally airtightly closed by the lid plate 14 together with the insulating packing 12 and the valve body 18. On the other hand, when gas is generated in the outer can 10 and its internal pressure increases, the valve body 18 is compressed and the gas is released from the outer can 10 through the gas vent hole 16. That is, the cover plate 14, the valve body 18, and the positive electrode terminal 20 form a safety valve.

A substantially cylindrical electrode group 22 is accommodated in the outer can 10 together with an alkaline electrolyte (not shown).
Examples of the alkaline electrolyte include a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, and an aqueous solution obtained by mixing two or more of these.

  The electrode group 22 is formed by winding a belt-like positive electrode 24 and a negative electrode 26 in a spiral shape with a separator 28 interposed therebetween, and the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 are sandwiched between the separators 28. Are facing each other. The outermost peripheral part of the electrode group 22 is formed by the negative electrode 26, and the outermost peripheral part of the negative electrode 26 is in direct contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer can 10, whereby the outer can 10 and the negative electrode 26 are electrically connected. Yes.

Here, examples of the material of the separator 28 include a polyamide fiber nonwoven fabric, and a polyolefin fiber nonwoven fabric such as polyethylene and polypropylene provided with a hydrophilic functional group. Each of the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 will be described in detail later.
Further, in the outer can 10, a positive electrode lead 30 is disposed between one end of the electrode group 22 and the lid plate 14, and both ends of the positive electrode lead 30 are connected to the positive electrode 24 and the lid plate 14. Therefore, the positive electrode terminal 20 and the positive electrode 24 are electrically connected via the positive electrode lead 30 and the lid plate 14. A circular insulating member 32 is disposed between the cover plate 14 and the electrode group 22, and the positive electrode lead 30 extends through a slit provided in the insulating member 32. A circular insulating member 34 is also disposed between the electrode group 22 and the bottom of the outer can 10.
1. Positive electrode The positive electrode 24 has a positive electrode core, and a positive electrode mixture is supported on the core. Here, as the positive electrode core, for example, sponge-like nickel having a porous structure can be used.

  The positive electrode mixture is composed of a positive electrode active material, an additive, and a binder. As the positive electrode active material, nickel hydroxide particles (hereinafter, also referred to as high-order nickel hydroxide particles) having an average valence of nickel exceeding 2.0 can be used in addition to nickel hydroxide particles. Moreover, these nickel hydroxide particles and higher-order nickel hydroxide particles may have solid solution of cobalt, zinc, cadmium and the like. The nickel hydroxide particles and the higher-order nickel hydroxide particles may be particles having a coating layer made of a cobalt compound on the surface (hereinafter also referred to as composite particles). Further, the composite particles may be particles in which the cobalt compound contains an alkali cation such as Na.

Here, as the cobalt compound of the coating layer in the composite particle, for example, dicobalt trioxide (Co ₂ O ₃ ), cobalt metal (Co), cobalt monoxide (CoO), cobalt hydroxide (Co (OH) ₂ ). Etc.
Among the positive electrode active materials described above, the composite particles are supported on the core in a state where their surfaces are in contact with each other. Therefore, a good conductive network is formed in the positive electrode 24, so that the utilization rate of the positive electrode active material is improved. Thus, a high capacity battery can be obtained, which is preferable.

And it is preferable that the cobalt compound of a composite particle is a higher order cobalt compound whose average valence of cobalt exceeds 2.0, Furthermore, the higher order cobalt compound containing alkali cations, such as Na, K, Li, etc. It is more preferable that
The reason is that when the surface of the high-order nickel hydroxide particles is coated with a high-order cobalt compound containing alkali cations, the boundary between the high-order cobalt compound in the coating layer and the internal high-order nickel hydroxide disappears. Because the bond between them becomes strong and the mechanical strength of the entire particle including the coating layer increases, and at the same time, the electrical resistance between them decreases, and the capacity at high rate discharge increases. is there.

The alkali cation described above suppresses oxidation of the cobalt compound to ensure the stability of the cobalt compound, and also contributes to suppression of self-discharge when the battery is left standing.
As an additive of the positive electrode mixture, for example, cobalt compound particles can be used to improve the conductivity of the positive electrode 24. Here, examples of the cobalt compound as an additive include dicobalt trioxide (Co ₂ O ₃ ), cobalt metal (Co), cobalt monoxide (CoO), and cobalt hydroxide (Co (OH) ₂ ). be able to.

In addition, as the binder of the positive electrode mixture, for example, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer can be used. As an example of each of these polymers, the former can be carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the latter can be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The high-order nickel hydroxide particles described above or the high-order nickel hydroxide particles whose surfaces are coated with a cobalt compound can be produced as follows.

  First, in order to produce high-order nickel hydroxide particles, a predetermined amount of, for example, sodium hypochlorite is dropped as an oxidizing agent while stirring nickel hydroxide particles obtained by a usual method in an alkaline aqueous solution, What is necessary is just to oxidize nickel hydroxide which is a main component in nickel oxide particles to higher order nickel hydroxide. At this time, the average valence of nickel in the high-order nickel hydroxide can be adjusted by the amount of sodium hypochlorite to be added. In such high-order nickel hydroxide, it is preferable that the average valence of nickel exceeds 2 from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of irreversible hydrogen that is not released while being stored in the negative electrode.

Next, in order to produce high-order nickel hydroxide particles whose surface is coated with a cobalt compound, the surface of nickel hydroxide particles is previously coated with a cobalt compound, and then heat-treated in the presence of an alkaline aqueous solution and an oxidizing agent. What is necessary is just to increase the degree of nickel hydroxide inside the particles.
And the high order nickel hydroxide particle | grains by which the surface was coat | covered with the high order cobalt compound containing an alkali cation can be manufactured as follows.

  First, after coating the surface of nickel hydroxide particles with a cobalt compound by the above-mentioned method, sodium hydroxide is sprayed for a predetermined time on the composite particles for a predetermined time, thereby covering a coating layer of a cobalt compound containing an alkali cation. Nickel hydroxide particles having are obtained. Subsequently, the nickel hydroxide particles having this coating layer are also heat-treated in the presence of an alkaline aqueous solution and an oxidizing agent by the above-described method, and the cobalt compound of the coating layer and the internal nickel hydroxide are simultaneously made higher.

According to this production method, the crystal structure of cobalt hydroxide covering the surface of nickel hydroxide particles is disturbed, and the oxidation of cobalt hydroxide is strongly promoted, so that the average valence of cobalt exceeds two valences. Thus, for example, a higher cobalt compound having an average valence of cobalt of 2.7 to 3.3 is obtained. As a result, the conductivity of the conductive network in the positive electrode 24 is further improved, and the battery capacity is increased.
2. Negative electrode The negative electrode 26 has a negative electrode core, and a negative electrode mixture is supported on the negative electrode core. For example, a punching metal can be used as the negative electrode core.

The negative electrode mixture is composed of a hydrogen storage alloy capable of releasing and storing hydrogen, which is a negative electrode active material, an additive, and a binder. As the binder, the same one as the positive electrode may be used. it can. As the hydrogen-absorbing alloy, for example, AB ₅ type _{Mm 1.0 Ni 3.9 Co 0.6 Mn 0.3} Al 0.3 ( however, Mm is the mischmetal) is used, the hydrogen storage alloy, an alkaline electrolyte contains Co element to Therefore, the battery using the same has a long life. Here, the composition of the hydrogen storage alloy is not to be particularly limited, but can be used AB ₅ type and Laves hydrogen absorbing alloy such as phase, the composition has the general _{formula: Ln 1-p Mg p (} Ni 1 _{-q Tq} ) _r (wherein Ln represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid elements, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, Yb, Ti, Zr and Hf, and T is V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, p, q And r are numerical values defined as 0 <p ≦ 1, 0 ≦ q ≦ 0.5 and 2.5 ≦ r ≦ 4.5)). It is preferred to use. The reason for this is that this Re—Mg—Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy has a larger amount of hydrogen storage per unit volume and unit mass than those of the AB ₅ type, and more quickly than those of the Laves phase. It is activated, has excellent high rate charge / discharge characteristics, and has a long life compared to a Re—Mg—Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy that does not replace part of Ni.

The lanthanoid element means La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu elements.
In this battery, lithium manganate is used as an additive for the negative electrode 26. In this lithium manganate, part of the Mn element is substituted with another element, and the general formula: Li _x Mn _{2 -y My} O ₄ (wherein x and y are each 0 <x ≦ 1.2 , 0 <y <2 and M represents a substituted element.)
For example, it has a spinel crystal structure.

  In the battery configured as described above, since the hydrogen storage alloy contains Co element, the Co element gradually elutes into the alkaline electrolyte while being left standing or repeatedly charged and discharged, while manganese contained in the negative electrode 26 The Mn element of lithium acid acid is also eluted into the alkaline electrolyte and reacts with the Co element in the alkaline electrolyte to produce a compound with low conductivity. For this reason, in this battery, the Co element eluted in the alkaline electrolyte is prevented from depositing as highly conductive metallic cobalt and adhering to the separator 28, whereby a large amount of metallic cobalt adheres to the separator 28. Thus, short circuit between the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 26 is prevented.

Here, in the lithium manganate of the negative electrode 26, the value of x is defined as a numerical value that is larger than 0 and 1.2 or less, and this does not hold as lithium manganate when x is 0. This is because when the amount exceeds 1.2, the amount of Mn contained in the additive becomes insufficient, and the short-circuit preventing effect is lowered.
Further, in this lithium manganate, the value of y is defined as a numerical value that is larger than 0 and smaller than 2, but this can prevent a short circuit of the battery when the value of y is 0 or 2. Because it disappears.

The lithium manganate preferably contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn as a substitution element for the Mn element. This is due to the following reason.
By containing these elements, lithium manganate is less stable against alkali and the Mn element is easily eluted into the electrolyte. Thereby, the short-circuit preventing effect can be exerted more strongly.

Among these substitution elements, it is more preferable to substitute the Mn element with an element other than the Mg element. Although the mechanism is not clear, it is because the lifetime of a battery becomes long.
Further, the lithium manganate of the negative electrode 26 is preferably a Li-excess type in which the value of x is larger than 1. Although the mechanism is not clear, it is because the lifetime of a battery becomes long.
And it is preferable that content of lithium manganate in the negative electrode 26 exists in the range of 0.05 weight part or more and 2.0 weight part or less with respect to 100 weight part of hydrogen storage alloys. When the amount is less than 0.05 parts by weight, the short circuit of the battery cannot be sufficiently prevented. When the amount exceeds 2.0 parts by weight, the content of the hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode 26 is relatively reduced, and the battery This is because the lifetime of the is shortened.

Moreover, it is preferable that the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode 26 contains 0.20 mol or less of Mn element per 1 mol of rare earth elements. This is because when the amount of the rare earth element is 0.20 mol or less, the corrosion resistance of the hydrogen storage alloy to the alkaline electrolyte is higher than when the amount exceeds 0.20 mol, and the life of the battery is increased.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. For the purpose of improving the performance of the battery, one or both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain Co element. However, even if an element other than the Co element is included in the battery, an element that easily elutes into the alkaline electrolyte and generates a compound having low conductivity with the Mn element is also part of the Mn element. By including lithium manganate substituted with in the negative electrode, a short circuit of the battery can be prevented. However, the inclusion of Co element in the battery can improve the performance of the battery efficiently, while Co element elutes into the alkaline electrolyte and easily causes a short circuit of the battery. This is suitable when one or both of the negative electrodes contain Co element.

In the above-described embodiment, for example, lithium manganate in which a part of the Mn element is substituted may be dissolved in an alkaline electrolyte and included in an ion state, and at least one of the negative electrode and the alkaline electrolyte or Both need only contain this lithium manganate.
In the above-described embodiment, the AA size cylindrical nickel-hydrogen secondary battery has been described. However, the size and shape of the battery, the structure of the safety valve, and the electrical connection between the positive and negative electrodes 24 and 26 and the positive and negative terminals 20 and 10 are described. The connection structure and the like can be changed as appropriate.

Example 1
1. Production of Negative Electrode Mm (Mish Metal), Ni, Co, Mn and Al containing 50% La, 15% Ce, 15% Nd, and 10% Pr as main components in a weight ratio of 1.0: An alloy ingot containing a ratio of 3.9: 0.6: 0.3: 0.3 was prepared using an induction melting furnace, and this ingot was heat-treated at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours in an argon atmosphere. An ingot of a hydrogen storage alloy having a composition represented by _1.0 Ni _3.9 Co _0.6 Mn _0.3 Al _0.3 was obtained.

As a result of analysis by the X-ray diffraction method, the crystal structure of this hydrogen storage alloy was CaCu ₅ type.
Next, the ingot was mechanically pulverized in an inert gas atmosphere, and an alloy powder having a particle size in the range of 400 to 200 mesh was selected by sieving. As a result of measuring the particle size distribution of the selected alloy powder using a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring apparatus, the average particle size corresponding to 50% by weight integral was 45 μm.

Thereafter, 1 part by weight of LiMnMgO ₄ as a lithium manganate (LiMnMgO ₄ can also be expressed as Li (MnMg) ₂ O ₄ ), sodium polyacrylate, and 0.1 part of the hydrogen storage alloy powder. 4 parts by weight, 0.1 part by weight of carboxymethylcellulose, and 2.5 parts by weight of a polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion (dispersion medium: water, solid content 60 parts by weight) were added and kneaded to obtain a negative electrode active material slurry. .

This negative electrode active material slurry was applied to both surfaces of a 60 μm thick iron punched metal substrate with Ni plating on the surface and dried so that the thickness on each surface was constant, and a negative electrode mixture It was. Then, the substrate carrying the negative electrode mixture was pressed and cut to produce a negative electrode for an AA size nickel-hydrogen secondary battery.
2. Preparation of Positive Electrode A mixed aqueous solution of nickel sulfate, zinc sulfate and cobalt sulfate was prepared so that the amount of Zn was 3 wt% and Co was 1 wt% with respect to Ni. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was gradually added to the mixed aqueous solution while stirring to react. At that time, the pH of the mixed aqueous solution during the reaction was maintained at 13 to 14, and approximately spherical nickel hydroxide particles were precipitated in the mixed aqueous solution. The nickel hydroxide particles were washed three times with 10 times the amount of pure water, and then dehydrated and dried to produce a positive electrode active material powder of nickel hydroxide particles in which Zn and Co were dissolved.

  Next, this positive electrode active material powder was mixed with an HPC (hydroxypropylcellulose) dispersion liquid (dispersion medium: water, solid content 60 parts by weight) equivalent to 40% by weight to obtain a positive electrode active material slurry. This active material slurry is filled into a sponge-like nickel substrate, dried to obtain a positive electrode mixture, and then the sponge-like nickel substrate carrying the positive electrode mixture is pressed and cut to obtain an AA size nickel metal hydride secondary battery. A non-sintered positive electrode was prepared.

3. Assembling the Nickel Metal Hydride Battery The negative electrode and the positive electrode produced as described above are wound around a separator made of a nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene or nylon and stored in an outer can. Then, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution containing 30% by weight of sodium containing sodium was injected to produce an AA size nickel hydride secondary battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh.

Examples 2-5
Implementation was performed except that the amount of LiMnMgO ₄ added to the negative electrode active material slurry was 0.01, 0.05, 2.0, and 2.5 parts by weight, respectively, as shown in Table 1 during the production of the negative electrode. In the same manner as in Example 1, an AA size nickel-hydrogen secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced.

Example 6
AA size nickel metal hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that LiMnAlO ₄ was used as the type of lithium manganate added to the negative electrode active material slurry during negative electrode production. did.
Example 7
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the type of lithium manganate added to the negative electrode active material slurry during the production of the negative electrode was Li-rich Li _1.2 MnMgO ₄ , nickel of AA size with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh. A hydrogen secondary battery was produced.

Example 8
In the preparation of the negative electrode, the same procedure as in Example 1 was used, except that a hydrogen storage alloy having a composition represented by the general formula: Mm _1.0 Ni _4.0 Co _0.6 Mn _0.2 Al _0.3 and having a crystal structure other than CaCu ₅ type was used. Thus, an AA size nickel metal hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced.
Example 9
AA having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a hydrogen storage alloy represented by the general formula: Mm _0.68 Mg _0.32 Ni _3.05 Co _0.24 Mn _0.01 Al _0.07 was used in the preparation of the negative electrode. A size nickel-hydrogen secondary battery was produced.

Example 10
AA-sized nickel-metal hydride secondary battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CoO particles were further added to the positive electrode active material slurry during the production of the positive electrode.
Example 11
In the production of the positive electrode, in place of the powder made of nickel hydroxide particles, the powder of composite particles in which the surface of nickel hydroxide particles was coated with a coating layer made of cobalt hydroxide was used. Similarly, an AA size nickel metal hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced.

  More specifically, in the preparation of the positive electrode active material powder, after nickel hydroxide particles are precipitated in the mixed aqueous solution, a cobalt sulfate aqueous solution is further added and reacted therewith, and the pH of the mixed aqueous solution during the reaction is adjusted. Cobalt hydroxide was deposited on the surface of the substantially spherical nickel hydroxide particles that had been retained at 9 to 10 and previously deposited. The substantially spherical nickel hydroxide particles whose surface is coated with cobalt hydroxide are washed three times with 10 times the amount of pure water, then dehydrated and dried, and the surface of the nickel hydroxide particles is cobalt hydroxide. A powder of composite particles coated with was prepared.

Example 12
AA-size nickel-metal hydride secondary battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was prepared in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the cobalt hydroxide crystal structure of the coating layer was disturbed and an alkali cation was contained during the production of the positive electrode. Produced.
More specifically, after obtaining a powder composed of composite particles in the same manner as in Example 9, sodium hydroxide having a concentration of 25% by weight was added to this powder in a heated atmosphere at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 0.5 hour. Sprayed. Next, this powder was washed three times with 10 times the amount of pure water, then dehydrated and dried, and the surface of nickel hydroxide was coated with cobalt hydroxide having a disordered crystal structure and containing alkali cations. A powder composed of composite particles was produced. And this powder was used as positive electrode active material powder.

Example 13
In the production of the positive electrode, the same procedure as in Example 12 was performed except that composite particles in which a coating layer of a high-order cobalt compound having a disordered crystal structure was formed on the surface of high-order cobalt hydroxide particles were used as the active material. AA size nickel metal hydride secondary battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced.
More specifically, in the same manner as in Example 12, a powder of composite particles in which the surface of nickel hydroxide particles is disturbed in crystal structure and covered with a coating layer of cobalt hydroxide containing alkali cations is obtained. After that, the powder was put into a 32% by weight sodium hydroxide aqueous solution maintained at a temperature of 60 ° C. And while stirring this sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, predetermined amount of sodium hypochlorite was dripped there. Thereby, the cobalt hydroxide of the coating layer and the nickel hydroxide covered with the coating layer were oxidized and converted to higher cobalt compounds and higher nickel hydroxides, respectively.

  Here, in this example, 20% of the nickel contained in the nickel hydroxide particles is such that the valence changes from divalent to trivalent, that is, the average valence of nickel is 2.2. Then, the amount of sodium hypochlorite dropped was set so that the average valence of nickel in the high-order nickel hydroxide particles was 2.2 as set, and was confirmed by chemical analysis.

Thereafter, the particles were washed three times with 10 times the amount of pure water, then dehydrated and dried, and the surface of the high-order nickel hydroxide particles disturbed the crystal structure and contained high-order cobalt containing alkali cations. A composite particle powder covered with a coating layer made of a compound was produced.
Examples 14 and 15
During the production of the positive electrode, the amount of sodium hypochlorite dropped was adjusted so that the average valence of nickel in the high-order nickel hydroxide was 2.05 and 2.4, respectively, as shown in Table 1. Except for the above, an AA size nickel-hydrogen secondary battery with a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced in the same manner as in Example 13.

Comparative Example 1
An AA size nickel hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that LiMnMgO ₄ was not added to the negative electrode active material slurry during the production of the negative electrode.
Comparative Example 2
AA size nickel metal hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh in the same manner as in Example 1 except that LiMn ₂ O ₄ was used as the type of lithium manganate added to the negative electrode active material slurry when the negative electrode was produced. Was made.

Comparative Example 3
An AA size nickel hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that LiMnMgO ₄ was not added to the negative electrode active material slurry during the production of the negative electrode.
Comparative Example 4
An AA size nickel hydride secondary battery having a nominal capacity of 1200 mAh was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that LiMnMgO ₄ was not added to the negative electrode active material slurry during the production of the negative electrode.

4). Battery Evaluation Test (1) Short Circuit Test After 1000 nickel nickel secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were left at room temperature of 25 ° C. for 14 days, short of them. The results are shown in Table 1, except for the number of batteries in which.
(2) Battery capacity and life measurement About the nickel metal hydride secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which no short circuit occurred in the above short circuit test, the battery was charged with a current of 120 mA for 16 hours and a current of 1200 mA. The battery capacity was measured at a room temperature of 25 [deg.] C., and the results are shown in Table 1.

And this capacity | capacitance measurement was repeated until it became 50% or less of the battery capacity measured initially, the repeated number was counted as a lifetime, and the result was shown in Table 1.
In Table 1, the battery capacity and lifetime measurement results are all average values, and the value in Comparative Example 1 is shown as 100.

From Table 1, the following is clear.
(1) From a comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that a short circuit of the battery can be prevented by including LiMnMgO ₄ in the negative electrode. The reason is considered as follows.
The hydrogen storage alloys of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 both contain Co element in the composition, and this Co element is gradually eluted into the alkaline electrolyte. Here, if the negative electrode includes a LiMnMgO _4, the Mn element in LiMnMgO ₄ is eluted in an alkaline electrolyte, and reacts with the Co element in the electrolyte to produce a low conductivity compound adheres to the separator or the like Therefore, occurrence of a short circuit of the battery is suppressed. The separator was taken out and analyzed, and in this case, it was confirmed that Co element and Mn element were present on the separator. On the other hand, when the negative electrode does not contain LiMnMgO ₄ , the eluted Co element is deposited as highly conductive metallic cobalt and adheres to members such as a separator and a positive electrode. In this case, when the amount of metallic cobalt attached to the separator increases, the metallic cobalt penetrates the separator in the thickness direction, causing a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In addition, although the hydrogen storage alloy of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 contains Mn element, since the Mn element eluted from the hydrogen storage alloy is very small, a short circuit occurs when the negative electrode does not contain LiMnMgO _4. End up.

(2) From the comparison of Examples 1 to 5, the content of LiMnMgO _{4 in} the negative electrode is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy. Understand. When the content of LiMnMgO ₄ is less than 0.05 parts by weight (Example 2), short-circuiting cannot be sufficiently prevented, and when the content of LiMnMgO ₄ exceeds 2.0 parts by weight (implementation) Example 5), because the content of the hydrogen storage alloy in the negative electrode is relatively reduced and the battery life is shortened.
(3) From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the occurrence of a short circuit of the battery can be prevented by including lithium manganate in which a part of Mn is substituted in the negative electrode.
(4) From a comparison between Example 1 and Example 6, it can be seen that if a part of Mn is replaced with Al instead of Mg, the life of the battery becomes longer.

(5) From the comparison between Example 1 and Example 7, it can be seen that when the lithium manganate contains excessive Li, the battery life is prolonged.
(6) From the comparison between Example 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 3, when the solid solution amount of Mn element in the hydrogen storage alloy is small, it is possible to effectively prevent a short circuit of the battery by including LiMnMgO ₄ in the negative electrode. I know that there is.
(7) From a comparison between Example 1 and Example 7, even if the hydrogen storage alloy is not of the AB ₅ type and is Re—Mg—Ni, the short circuit of the battery can be prevented by including LiMnMgO ₄ in the negative electrode. In addition, it can be seen that the battery capacity can be increased by using a Re—Mg—Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy as compared with the AB ₅ type.
(8) From comparison between Examples 10 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4, it is found that when the positive electrode contains Co element, it is possible to effectively prevent a short circuit of the battery by including LiMnMgO ₄ in the negative electrode. .

(9) From the comparison between Examples 1 and 10 to 16, it is possible to prevent a short circuit of the battery by including LiMnMgO ₄ in the negative electrode without depending on the type of positive electrode (positive electrode active material, additive particles, coating layer). I know that there is.
(10) From the comparison between Example 10 and Example 11, it was found that the battery capacity could be increased by covering the positive electrode active material particles with the Co compound coating layer than including the Co compound particles in the positive electrode. Understand.
(11) From a comparison between Example 11 and Example 12, it can be seen that the battery capacity can be increased when the coating layer contains an alkali cation than when the alkali cation is not contained.
(12) From the comparison of Examples 12 to 15, the higher the order of the cobalt compound of the coating layer and the nickel hydroxide of the positive electrode active material particles can increase the battery capacity and the life than the higher order. I understand.

1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a cylindrical nickel-metal hydride secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

10 Exterior Can 22 Electrode Group 24 Positive Electrode 26 Negative Electrode 28 Separator

Claims (7)

A hydrogen storage alloy,
Part of the Mn element is replaced with another element, and the general formula:
Li _x Mn _{2- y My} O ₄
(Wherein, x and y are numerical values defined as 0 <x ≦ 1.2 and 0 <y <2, respectively, and M represents a substitution element.)
A negative electrode for a nickel metal hydride secondary battery comprising a lithium manganate having a composition represented by:   2. The nickel-hydrogen secondary battery according to claim 1, comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn as the substitution element. Negative electrode.   3. The negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium manganate is a lithium-excess type in which x is larger than 1. 4.   2. The nickel hydride according to claim 1, wherein a content of the lithium manganate is in a range of 0.05 parts by weight to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogen storage alloy. Negative electrode for secondary battery. The hydrogen storage alloy is
At least one rare earth element;
The negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery according to claim 1, comprising 0.20 mol or less of Mn element per mol of the rare earth element. The composition of the hydrogen storage alloy has the general formula:
Ln _1-p Mg _p (Ni _1-q T _q ) _r
(Wherein, Ln represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid elements, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, Yb, Ti, Zr and Hf, and T represents V, Nb, Ta, It represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P and B, and p, q and r are each 0 2. The nickel hydride secondary according to claim 1, wherein the numerical values are defined as <p ≦ 1, 0 ≦ q ≦ 0.5 and 2.5 ≦ r ≦ 4.5. Battery negative electrode. An outer can,
In a sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery that is housed in an outer can together with an alkaline electrolyte and that faces each other with a separator in between, a positive electrode and a negative electrode,
In at least one of the negative electrode and the alkaline electrolyte, a part of the Mn element is substituted with another element, and the general formula:
Li _x Mn _{2- y My} O ₄
(Wherein, x and y are numerical values defined as 0 <x ≦ 1.2 and 0 <y <2, respectively, and M represents a substitution element.)
A sealed nickel-metal hydride secondary battery comprising lithium manganate having a composition represented by:

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